Statiunea Banca Gara - Sapte case - monografie arheologica. Autori Ruxandra Alaiba si colaboratorii.

7/31/2019 Statiunea Banca Gara - Sapte case - monografie arheologica. Autori Ruxandra Alaiba si colaboratorii.

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ACADEMIA ROMN

Institutul de Arheologie Vasile Prvan'' Bucureti

Ruxandra Alaiban colaborare cu:

Mihail Zahariade, Oleg Leviki, Simina StancAlexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu,

Vasile Alaiba, Lazr Bireescu

Staiunea Banca Gar - apte case monografie arheologic.Preistorie - primul mileniu, secolele III-VI (I)

Cunoaterea prin cercetri interdisciplinare a vechilor aezri rurale din spaiulcarpato-dunrean

Coralia Costa, Ctlin Hriban traducere n englez

Editura Junimea 2008

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Coperile I, IV: fragment de construcie cu reprezentarea unei ovicaprine n relief, locuina uor adncit nr. 2, cpl. 3sec. III-IV.1st, 4th Covers: fragment of adobe with the representation in relied of an ovicaprine, slightly buried dwelling no. 2, c31, 3rd4th centuries.

Consultant tiinific / scientific consultant: Dr. Ion MitreaConsultant tiinific / scientific consultant: Prof. Univ. Dr. Dan Gh. Teodor

CNCSIS Grant nr. 517

Editura Junimea, Iai - ROMNIABd. Carol I, nr. 3-5, cod. 700506,tel./fax: 0232-410427

e-mail: [email protected]

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a RomnieiALAIBA RUXANDRABanca Gar - apte case, monografie arheologic

ISBN 978-973-37-1326-5Ruxandra Alaiba Iai, Junimea. 2008.902(398)

S.C. "IRIMPEX" S.R.L. BrladStr. C-tin Hamangiu nr. 15

Ionel Irimia: tel. / fax 0742040097 / 40235 415669E-mail: [email protected]

Editura rspunde la comenzi n limita tirajului disponibil.The printing house answers requests within the limit of the available number of copies.

Reproducerea n orice form, inclusiv prin fotocopiere, fr acordul scris al editurii, intr sub incidenlegii drepturilor de autor. Reproduction in any form, including photocopying, without the written consent of publisher.

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ROMANIAN ACADEMY"Vasile Prvan" Archaeology Institute Bucharest

Ruxandra Alaibawith contribution:

Mihail Zahariade, Oleg Leviki, Simina StancAlexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu,

Vasile Alaiba, Lazr Bireescu

The settlement of Banca Gar - apte case the archaeologicalmonograph, Prehistory - the first millenary, 3rd6th centuries AD (I).

The knowledge by means of interdisciplinary researches about the ancient ruralsites throughout the Carpathian Danubian space

Coralia Costa english translation

Junimea Publishing House 2008

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Participare temporar la spturile arheologice / Temporary participation to the archaeological expeditionEugenia Popuoi, Vasile Palade 1987

Cornel Hobincu, Gheorghe Gherghe

Restaurare - conservare / restoration - conservationCornel Hobincu, Cristian Pntea

Tehnoredactare computerizat / Computer typingVasile Alaiba

Desene / DrawingsIleana Plugariu, Mihaela Tudose, Ana-Maria Zahariade, Elisabeta Zahariade, Luminia Cosma

i/and Georgeta Vrnceanu, Ruxandra Alaiba

Plane / FiguresRuxandra AlaibaLoredana Alaiba

CNCSIS Grant nr. 517

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Sufletul satul

Sufletul satului flfie pe lng nca un miros sfios de iarb tiat

ca o cdere de fum din streini de paca un joc de iezi pe morminte nal

Lucian Bla

Village's so

Village's soul flutters beneath uas a shy scent of cut gras

As a smoke falling out of thatcas a kids play on tall grave

Lucian Bla

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Soului meu Vasile Alaibpentru nelegere i sprijinul dat necondiion

My late husband Vasile Alaib

for his understanding and support unconditional giv

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Cuprins / Contents

Cuvnt nainte / Foreword .......................................................................................................................................11,

Partea II. Specificul geografic al zonei / The specific geographic area .................................................................................21,II. Staiunea Banca Gar, punctul apte case istoricul cercetrilor ..............................................................................

The Settlement of Banca Gar, point apte case history of the Researches ............................................... ......... ...III. Campaniile arheologice i metoda de cercetare, sectoarele A-E ................................................................................

Campaigns archaeological and research method sectors A-E ................................................................................. .. Complexe / Complexes ..............................................................................................................................................

IV A.Bronz timpuriu / Early Bronze (I-IV A. Ruxandra Alaiba) ................................................................................

IV B. Descoperiri hallstattiene n staiunea Banca Gar - apte case/The Hallstatt discoveries atBanca Gar - apte case settlement ..................................................................................................................... 54,Banca Garnivelul de locuire din perioada culturii getice / Banca GarHabitation level of the Getic culture(IV B. Oleg Leviki) ............................................................................................................................................... 57

V. Banca Gar. Aezri datate n secolele III-V / Banca Gar. Settlements dating from 3rd5th centuries ...............63,Locuine / Dwellings ............................................................................................................................................ 66,Repertoriul locuinelor, secolele III-V/ Dwellings repertory, 4rd5th centuries .................................................... 71,Aglomerri de materiale / The agglomeration of materials .................................................................................. 82,Materiale de construcie / Construction materials (Ruxandra Alaiba) ............................................................... 84,Gropi / Pits. Repertoriul gropilor, secolele III-VI / Pits repertory, 3 rd6th centuries (Mihail Zahariade) ......... .. 86,

VI. Banca Gar - apte case. Materiale arheologice / Archaeological materials (Ruxandra Alaiba) .............................VI A. Unelte i ustensile / Tools and utensils .........................................................................................................

Unelte i ustensile de lut / Tools and utensils of clay ....................................................................................... 90,

Unelte i ustensile de metal / Tools and utensils of metal ................................................................................ 92, Piese de os sau corn / Bone or horn items ..................................................................................................... ... 94, Unelte i ustensile de piatr / Tools and utensils of stone ............................................................................. .. 96,"Ceii de vatr" / Firedogs .............................................................................................................................. 99, 1

VI B. Ceramica / Ceramic .................................................................................................................... ........ 102, 1Ceramica modelat cu mna / Hand built pottery ........................................................................... .......... ... 106, 1Ceramica din past zgrunuroas / Coarse ceramic paste ............................................................................. 113, 1Ceramica din past puin zgrunuroas / Slightly coarse ceramic paste ....................................................... 119, 1Ceramica din past fin / Fine ceramic paste ....................................................................................... ........ 128, 1Atelierul de olrie, secolele IV-V / Pottery workshop, 4rd5th centuries ............................................. ......... 146, 1Amfore / Amphorae .................................................................................................................................... .. 150, 1Vase de sticl / Glass vessels (Ruxandra Alaiba) ......................................................................................... 154, 1

Ceramica reprezentarea grafic a parametrilor tehnici i a tipurilor de forme, sec. III-VI /Ceramic graphical representation of the technical parameters and form types, 3rd6th centuries

(Ruxandra Alaiba, Vasile Alaiba) .................................................................................................................... 156, 1Ceramica, forme, funcii, proporii, secolul al III-lea / Ceramic, forms, functions, proportions, 3 th century ..... 1

Complexe arheologice 1-4 / Archaeological complexes 1-4 ............................................................................ 1Ceramica, forme, funcii, proporii, sec. III-IV/Ceramic, forms, functions, proportions, 3rd4th centuries . 163, 1

Complexe arheologice 1-18 / Archaeological complexes 1-18 ........................................................................ 1Ceramica, forme, funcii, proporii, sec. IV / Ceramic, forms, functions, proportions, 4 th century ............ 175, 1

Complexe arheologice 1-28 / Archaeological complexes 1-28, 4rd century ..................................................... 1Ceramica, forme, funcii, proporii, sec. IV-V / Ceramic, forms, functios, proportions, 4 rd5th centuries . .190, 1

Complexe arheologice 1-17 / Archaeological complexes 1-17 ........................................................................1Ceramica, forme, funcii, proporii, sec. V-VI/Ceramic, forms, functions, proportions, 5rd6th centuries ..........2

Complexe arheologice 1-4 / Archaeological complexes 1-4 ............................................................................2Banca Gar - apte case. Funcionalitatea ceramicii / Ceramic functionality ........................................................2Repartizarea ceramicii: pe secole, complexe, n raport cu tehnica folosit pentru ardere ................................ 2

Ceramic distribution of the centuries, complexes, in relation to the firing technique ................................. .......2Ceramica forme i funcionaliti / Ceramic forms and functionality ..................................................... 209, 2Forme categoria ceramicii modelate cu mna / Forms hand-made ware ceramic category ......... ....... .212, 2Forme categoria ceramicii lucrate la roat / Forms potters wheel ceramic category ............ ......... .... 218, 2Forme categoria ceramicii din past zgrunuroas / Forms coarse ceramic category .......................... 219, 2Forme categoria din past puin zgrunuroas / Forms slightly coarse ceramic category ............... ......... ... 2Forme categoria ceramicii fine / Forms fine ceramic category .............................................. .......... ... 224, 2

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Ceramica de import / Imported ceramic ................................................................................................... ......... 2Proporiile categoriilor ceramice. Calculul procentelor .........................................................................................2

Estimri demografice / Demographic Estimations ............................................................................ ........ 236, 2Proportions of the ceramic categories. Percentage calculations ................................................................... ..... 2

VII. Obiceiuri de port / port customs. Podoabe /beads,pendants (Mihail Zahariade)................................................. 2Obiecte de toalet / Toilet Items .............................................................................................................................. 2Accessorii vestmentare / Clothing items and accessories for vestments ................................................................. 2

VIII. Ocupaii steti / The rural occupations (Ruxandra Alaiba) ..................................................................................2Agricultura / Agriculture .............................................................................................................................. ... 2Pescuit, vntoare, creterea animalelor / Fishing, hunting and animal husbandry ....................................... 24

Meteuguri ............................................................................................................................................................. 2Prelucrarea metalelor / Metal processing ................................................................................................ 251, 2

Prelucrarea osului i cornului / Processing bone or horn ................................................................................ 2Prelucrarea pietrei / Stone processing ............................................................................................................. 2Torsul, esutul, mpletitul / Spinning, weaving, knitting .................................................................... ......... ... 2Prelucrarea lutului. Olritul / Clay processing. Pottery ........................................................................... 255-2

IX. Practici comunitare, religioase sau magice/The practicing of community, religious or magic ............................. .... 2Ceramica decor / Ceramic the ornamentation ................................................................................................ 257, 2Cultul focului i al vetrei, cultul apei / Cult of fire and of the hearth, cult of water ...................................................... 2

X. Consideraii generale / General considerations (Ruxandra Alaiba) .................................................................. 265, 2

Partea III. Capaciti i funcionaliti ale ceramicii descoperite n staiunea Banca Gar - apte case, sec. III-V p.Hr. ........... 2

Capacities and functionalities of the pottery ware found at Banca Gar - apte case settlement, 3rd4th centuries(Vasile Alaiba) ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

II. Studiul arheozoologic al resturilor faunistice de la Banca Gar - apte case ...............................................The archaeo-zoological study of the faunal remains within the site of Banca Gar - apte case (Simina Stanc). . 2III. antierul arheologic Banca Gar - apte case, jud. Vaslui. Interpretarea ecologic a solului / The archaeologi

settlement of Banca Gar - apte case, Vaslui county. Ecological interpretation of the soil (Lazr Bireescu) ... ... 3IV. Complexe / Complexes (Ruxandra Alaiba) ............................................................................................................. 3

Preistorie / Prehistory ............................................................................................................................................ 34.1. Cpl. 38. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 1, bronz timpuriu (fig. 11-12) ........................................................... .... 3

The agglomeration of materials no.1,Early Bronze Age (fig. 11-12) ................................................................... 34.2. Cpl. 111. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 2, bronz timpuriu (fig. 13-14) ......................................................... .... 3

The agglomeration of materials no. 2 (fig. 13-14), Early Bronze Age ................................................................. 34.3. Cpl. 118. Mormnt de nhumaie M6, bronz timpuriu (fig. 15-16).................................................................... 3

The inhumation grave M6 (fig. 15-16), Early Bronze Age (Alexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu) .................. ....... 3Ceramic descoperit pe nivel. / Pottery found on the level ................................................................................... 34.4. Cpl. 24. Complex hallstattian (fig. 17/cpl. 24; 18/1-4, 7-8; 23/6), perioada hallstattian (fig. 18/5-6) ............ 3

Hallstatt complex (fig. 17/cpl. 24;18/1-4, 7-8; 23/6), Hallstattian period (fig. 18/5-6) (Oleg Leviki) ................ 3Perioada getic / Getic period ............................................................................................................................... 34.5. Cpl. 5a. Locuina uor adncit, nr. 1 (fig. 17/1), perioada getic (fig. 20) .......................................... .......... . 3

The slightly buried dwelling, no. 1 (fig. 17/1), Getic period (fig. 20) (Oleg Leviki)............................................ 34.6. Cpl. 6a. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 1 (fig. 21), perioada getic / ................................................................... 3

Agglomeration of materials no. 1 (fig. 21), Getic periode .......................................................................... ......... 34.7. Cpl. 9. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 2 (fig. 22), perioada getic .................................................................... .. 3

Agglomeration of materials no. 2 (fig. 22), Getic period ................................................................................... .. 34.8. Cpl. 25. Groapa nr. 1, perioada getic (fig. 23/1-5, 7-8) / Pit no. 1, Getic periode (fig. 23/1-5, 7-8) ........... ... 34.9. Cpl. 27a. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 3, perioada getic/Agglomeration of materials no. 3, Getic period ..... 34.10. Cpl. 108. Groapa nr. 2 (fig. 17/3), perioada getic (fig. 25) / Pit no. 2 (fig. 17/3), Getic period (fig. 25) ... .. 3Dacii liberi - carpii, daco-romanii i goii / Free Dacians-The Carpians, Dacian-Romans and Goths ...........34.11. Cpl. 1. Locuina de suprafa nr. 1 (fig. 26), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 27-28) ................................................... 3

Surface dwelling no. 1 (fig. 26/L1), 4th century (fig. 27-28) ................................................................................ . 34.12. Cpl. 4. Locuina uor adncit nr. 1 (fig. 26/L4), secolele IV-V (fig. 29-30) ......................................... ........ 3The slightly buried dwellinog no. 1 (fig. 26), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 29-30) .................................................... ..... 3

4.13. Cpl. 10. Locuina uor adncit nr. 1 (fig. 31/1), secolele III-IV (fig. 32) ................................................... .. 3The slightly buried dwelling no. 1 (fig. 31/1-32), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 32) ...................................................... .. 3

4.14. Cpl. 12a. Locuina de suprafa nr. 1 (fig. 31/2), secolele III-IV (33-34/1-8) ................................................ 312a. Surface dwelling no. 1 (fig. 31/2), 3rd4th centuries (33-34/1-8) ................................................................... 3

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4.15. Cpl. 13. Groapa nr. 1, secolele III-IV (fig. 34/9)/Pit no. 1, 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 34/9) ................................. 34.16. Cpl. 14. Locuina de suprafa nr. 1 (fig. 35/1), secolele IV-V (fig. 36-38) ................................................... 3

Surface dwelling no. 1 (fig. 35/1), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 36-38) .................................................................. ........ 34.17. Cpl. 15. Locuina de suprafa nr. 2 (fig. 35/2), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 39) .................................................... 3

Surface dwelling no. 2 (fig. 35/2), 4 th century (fig. 39) ............................................................................... ......... 34.18. Cpl. 17. Locuina de suprafa nr. 2 (fig. 40/1), secolele III-IV (fig. 41-42) ................................... .......... .... 3

Surface dwelling no. 2 (fig. 40/1), 3 rd4th century (fig. 41-42) ............................................................................. 34.19. Cpl. 18. Groapa nr. 1 (fig. 40/2), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 43)/Pit no . 1 (fig. 40/2), 4th century (fig. 43) ....... ... 34.20. Cpl. 19. Groapanr. 2 (fig. 46/6), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 44) / Pit no. 2 (fig. 46/6), 4th century (fig. 44) ......... 34.21. Cpl. 20. Mormnt de nhumaie nr. 3 (fig. 45-46), secolul al IV-lea .............................................................. 3

The inhumation grave, no. 3 (fig. 45-46), 4 th century (Alexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu) .................................. 34.22. Cpl. 21. Groapa nr. 1 (fig. 46/7), secolul al III-lea (fig. 47) / Pit no. 1 (fig. 46/7), 3 th centuries (fig. 47) ....... 3

4.23. Cpl. 21a. Aglomerare ceramic nr. 1 (fig. 46/7), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 48-49) .............................................. 3Ceramic agglomeration no. 1 (fig. 46/7), 4 th century (fig. 48-49) ......................................................................... 34.24. Cpl. 24a. Groapa nr. 1 (fig. 50-51), secolele IV-V/Pit, no. 1 (fig. 17), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 50-51) ............. 34.25. Cpl. 26. Locuina de suprafa nr. 2 (fig. 52/1), secolele IV-V (fig. 53-55) .....................................................3

Surface dwelling no. 2 (fig. 52), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 53-55) .................................................................. .......... . 34.26. Cpl. 26a. Groapa nr. 2(fig. 52), secolele IV-V (fig. 56)/Pit no. 2, 4 rd5th centurie (fig. 52) ........................... 34.27. Cpl. 27. Locuina uor adncit nr. 2 (fig. 52/2), secolele IV-V (fig. 57) ................................................. ..... 3

The slightly buried dwelling no. 2 (fig. 52/2), 4 rd5th century (fig. 57) ........................................................ ........ 34.28. Cpl. 28. Locuina uor adncit nr. 1 (fig. 58/1), secolul al III-lea (fig. 59) ................................................... 3

The slightly buried dwelling no. 1 (fig. 58/1), 3 th century (fig. 59) ....................................................................... 34.29. Cpl. 29. Locuina de suprafa nr. 3, secolele III-IV (fig. 60-61) ................................................................... 3

Surface dwelling no. 3 (fig. 58/2), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 60-61) ........................................................................... 34.30. Cpl. 30. Locuina de suprafa nr. 3 (fig. 62/1), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 63) .....................................................3

Surface dwelling no. 3 (fig. 62/1), 4

th

century (fig. 63) ......................................................................................... 44.31. Cpl. 31. Locuina uor adncit nr. 2 (fig. 62/2), secolele III-IV (fig. 64-65) ................................................. 4The slightly buried dwelling no. 2 (fig. 62/2), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 64-65) ......................................................... 4

4.32. Cpl. 32. Groapa nr. 2 (fig. 66/1), secolele III-IV (fig. 67-69)/Pit no. 2, 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 67-69) ............ 44.33. Cpl. 33. Locuina de suprafa nr. 4 (fig. 66/2), secolele III-IV (fig. 70-73) ................................... .......... .... 4

Surface dwelling no. 4 (fig. 66/2), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 70-73) .................................................................. ........ 44.34. Cpl. 33a. Groapa nr. 3 (fig. 66/3), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 74-76)/Pit no. 3, 4 th century (fig. 74-76)..................44.35. Cpl. 34. Locuina de suprafa nr. 5 (fig. 77/1), secolele III-IV (fig. 78) .........................................................4

Surface dwelling no. 5 (fig. 77/1), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 78) ................................................................................ 44.36. Cpl. 35. Locuina de suprafa nr. 3 (fig. 77/2), secolele IV-V (fig. 79) ......................................................... 4

Surface dwelling no. 3 (fig. 77/2), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 79) ................................................................................. 44.37. Cpl. 36. Locuina de suprafa nr. 4, sec. IV-V (fig. 81-83)/Surface dwelling no. 4, 4 rd5th centuries ........... 44.38. Cpl. 37. Groapa nr. 4 (fig. 80/2), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 84/1-4, 6-8) ..............................................................4

Pit no. 4 (fig. 80/2), 4th century (fig. 84/1-4, 6-8) ................................................................................................. 4

4.39. Cpl. 39. Groapa nr. 5, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 84/5)/Pit no. 5, 4 th century (fig. 84/5) ....................................... 44.40. Cpl. 42. Aglomerare de ceramic nr. 1, secolele IV-V (fig. 85) ........................................................ ......... ... 4

Agglomeration of ceramic no. 1, 4rd5th centuries (fig. 85) ............................................................................ ...... 44.41. Cpl. 43. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 2, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 86) .................................................................4

Agglomeration of materials no. 2, 4th century (fig. 86) .................................................................................... .....44.42. Cpl. 48. Locuina de suprafa nr. 4 (fig. 87/1), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 88) .................................................... 4

Surface dwelling no. 4 (fig. 87/1), 4 th century (fig. 88) ........................................................................................ 44.43. Cpl. 49. Groapa nr. 6, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 89-90)/Pit no. 6 (fig. 80/3), 4 th century (fig. 89-90) ................. 44.44. Cpl. 50. Groapa nr. 7(fig. 80/4), secolul al IV-lea / Pit no. 7 (fig. 80/4), 4 th century .................................... 44.45. Cpl. 51. Locuina de suprafa nr. 5 (fig. 87/2), secolele IV-V (fig. 91-92) ....................................................4

Surface dwelling no. 5 (fig. 87/2), 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 91 92) ........................................................................ 44.46. Cpl. 57. Locuina de suprafa nr. 5, sec. IV (fig. 94/1-12) ............................................................................ 4

Surface dwelling no. 5, 4th century (fig. 94/1-12) ................................................................................................. 4

4.47. Cpl. 60. Aglomerare de ceramic nr. 3, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 94/13-17) ...................................................... 4Agglomeration of ceramic nr. 3, 4th century (fig. 94/13-17) .................................................................... ......... ... 44.48. Cpl. 61. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 4, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 95) ................................................................. 4

The agglomeration of materials no. 4, 4th century (fig. 95) ....................................................................... .......... . 44.49. Cpl. 62. Groapa nr. 3 (fig. 93), secolele III-IV / Pit no. 3 (fig. 93/2//), 3 rd4th centuries ................................. 44.50. Cpl. 64. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 2, secolele IV-V (fig. 96) ................................................................... . 4

The agglomeration of materials no. 2, 4rd5th centuries (fig. 96) ........................................................................... 4

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4.51. Cpl. 65. Atelierul de olrie, secolul al IV-lea - prima parte a secolului al V-lea (fig. 97A-c -104)................. 4The potters workshop, the 4th century first part of the 5 th century (fig. 98-104) ................................... .......... . 4

4.52. Cpl. 66-66a. Mormntul de nhumaie nr. 4, M4 (fig. 105-106), secolul al IV .............................................. 4The inhumation grave M4 (fig. 105-106), 4 th century (Alexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu)................................... 4

4.53. Cpl. 66a. Groapa nr. 8, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 107)/Pit no. 8, 4 th century (fig. 107) ........................................ 44.54. Cpl. 69a. Groapa nr. 3 (fig. 93/4), secolele IV-V / Pit no. 3 (fig. 93/4), 4 rd5th centuries ............................... 44.55. Cpl. 70. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 1, secolele IIIIV (fig. 108) ................................................................. 4

Agglomeration of materials no. 1, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 108) .............................................................................. 44.56. Cpl. 71. Groapa nr. 9(fig. 93/5;109-110), secolul al IV-lea/Pit no. 9 (fig. 93/5; 109-110), 4 th century.......... 44.57. Cpl. 72. Locuina de suprafa nr. 6, secolele III-IV (fig. 112) ....................................................................... 4

Cpl. 72. Surface dwelling no. 6, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 112) ................................................................................ . 44.58. Cpl. 73. Aglomerare de ceramic nr. 2, secolele III-IV (fig. 113) ........................................................ ......... 4

Agglomeration of ceramic no. 2, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 113).................................................................................. 44.59. Cpl. 74. Groapa nr. 4, secolele III-IV (fig. 114) / Pit no. 4 (fig. 114), 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 114)................... 44.60. Cpl. 76. Mormntul de nhumaie nr. 5, secolele III-IV (fig. 115)................................................................... 4

Cpl. 76. The inhumation grave M5, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 115) (Alexandra Coma, Georgeta Miu)................... 44.61. Cpl. 77. Locuina uor adncit nr. 1, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 117) ......................................................... ........ 4

The slightly buried dwelling no. 1, 4 th century (fig. 117) .................................................................................... 44.62. Cpl. 78. Locuina uor adncit nr. 3, secolele III-IV (fig. 118) ............................................................. ...... 4

The slightly buried dwelling no. 3, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 118) ............................................................................. 44.63. Cpl. 79. Groapa nr. 4 (fig. 119/1), secolele IV-V (fig. 120)/Pit no. 4, 4 rd5th centuries (fig. 120) .................. 44.64. Cpl. 80. Groapa nr. 10 (fig. 119/2; 121), secolul al IV-lea / Pit no. 10 (fig. 119/2; 121), 4 th century.............. 44.65. Cpl. 86. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 1, secolul al VI-lea (fig. 122) .............................................................. 4

The agglomeration of materials no. 1, 6th century (fig. 122) ..................................................................... .......... . 44.66. Cpl. 88. Aglomerare de materiale nr. 5, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 123) ...........................................................4

Agglomeration of materials no. 5, 4

th

century (fig. 123) .................................................................................. .....44.67(66a). Cpl. 91. Locuina uor adncit nr. 2, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 124) ..........................................................4The slightly buried dwelling no. 2 (fig. 119/3), 4 th century (fig. 124) ...................................................................4

4.68. Cpl. 92. Groapa nr. 11 (fig. 119/3; 125), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 126/1-12) ................................................ .....4Pit no. 11 (fig. 119/4; 125), 4th century (fig. 126) ..................................................................................................4

4.69. Cpl. 93. Groapa nr. 5 (fig. 119/4), secolele III-IV/Pit no. 5 (fig. 119/5), 3 rd4th centuries ..............................44.70. Cpl. 94. Groapa nr. 6, secolele III-IV (fig. 126/13-18)/Pit no. 6, 3 rd4th centuries (fig. 126/13-18) ......... ......44.71. Cpl. 95. Groapa nr. 1 (fig. 119/), secolul al VI-lea (fig. 127)/Pit no. 1 (fig. 119/6), 6 th century (fig. 127) ......44.72. Cpl. 96. Locuina de suprafa nr. 6 (fig. 128/1), secolele IV-V .................................................................... .4

Surface dwelling no. 6 (fig. 128/1), 4 rd5th centuries .............................................................................................44.73. Cpl. 104, 104a. Gropile nr. 12 i 12a=13 (fig. 128/2), secolul al IV-lea .........................................................4

Pits no. 12 and 12a=13), fig. 128/2), 4 th century ....................................................................................................44.74. Cpl. 106. Groapa nr. 7, secolele III-IV/Pit no. 7, 3 rd4th centuries ..................................................................44.75. Cpl. 106a. Locuina uor adncitur, nr. 4, secolele III-IV (fig. 129-131; 132/1-10) ............................ .........5

The slightly buried dwelling no. 4, 3rd4th centuries (fig. 129-131; 132/1-10) ......................................................54.76. Cpl. 113. Groapa nr. 4, secolul al III-lea (fig. 132/11-16) ...............................................................................5

Pit no. 4 (fig. 128), 3th century (fig. 132/11-16) ........................................................................................... .........54.77. Cpl. 114. Groapa nr. 5 (fig. 128), secolele IV-V (fig. 133) .............................................................................5

Pit no. 5 (fig. 128), 4rd5th centuries (fig. 133) ............................................................................................ ......... .54.78. Cpl. 115. Groapa nr. 14, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 134)/Pit no. 14, 4 th century (fig. 134) .................... ......... ......54.79. Cpl. 116. Groapa nr. 15, secolul al IV-lea (fig. 135)/Pit no. 15, 4 th century (fig. 135) ....................................54.80. Cpl. 119. Groapa nr. 16 (fig. 136), secolul al IV-lea (fig. 137) .......................................................................5

Pit no. 16 (fig. 136), 4 th century (fig. 137) .............................................................................................................54.81. Cpl. 120. Groapa nr. 2, secolul al V-lea (fig. 138) / Pit no. 2, 5 th century (fig. 138) .......................................54.82. Cpl. 121. Groapa nr. 3, secolul al III-lea (fig. 139-140) / Pit no. 3, 3 th century (fig. 139-140) ................... ....54.83. Cpl. 122. Locuina uor adncit nr. 3, secolele IV-V (fig. 141/1) ..................................................... ........5

Above ground dwelling, no. 3, 4rd5th centuries (fig. 141/1) .............................................................................5

Cpl. 122a. Groapa nr. 8, secolele III-IV/Pit no. 8, 3 rd4th centuries .........................................................................5Abrevieri /Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................5Bibliografie / Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................5Indice / Index ...................................................................................................................................................................5

Indice de culturi / Culture index ....................................................................................................................... ........5Indice de nume / Names index ..................................................................................................................................5Index toponimic / Toponymical index ......................................................................................................................5

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Cuvnt nainte

Volumul, Cunoaterea prin cercetri interdisciplinare a vechilor aezri rurale din spaicarpato-dunrean: staiunea Banca Gar, punctul apte case, preistorie - mileniul nti, secole

III-VIp.Hr., realizat sub forma unei monografii arheologice, prezint datele obinute prin cercetara 84 de complexe, din 144 descoperite prin investigaiile arheologice ntreprinse aici timp aproape zece ani, trei din bronzul timpuriu, unul din perioada hallstattian, ase getice i 74, cemai numeroase, din mileniul nti, secolele III-VI p.Hr. Complexele din aceast ultim perioad

surprins specificul unui sat, prin acesta o mic parte din specificul vieii rurale de la est de Carpamai puin cunoscut pentru perioada amintit.Prima parte a monografiei Staiunea Banca Gar, punctul apte case, dup Cuvnt nain

ncepe cu prezentarea Cadrului geografic, capitol I, n care s-a urmrit omul n mediul su naturla mijloc de mileniu i s-au adus cteva Consideraii generale de geografie istoric. n al II-lcapitol s-a trasat istoricul cercetrilorprivind staiunea Banca Gar, punctul apte case, i s-menionat punctele arheologice semnalate prin periegheze n preajma staiunii. De asemenea, taici s-a urmrit cadrul cultural istoric al Europei de sud-est din aceast perioad. n al III-lcapitol s-au consemnat campaniile arheologice i metoda de cercetare, s-au precizat sectoareleA-s-a discutatstratigrafia i litologia i s-a menionat specificul celor 144 de complexe descoperiteBanca Gar - apte case, marcndu-se cele discutate n acest prim volum.

n partea a doua, cu al IV-lea capitol, s-a nceput prezentarea complexelor. Primele au focele din bronzul timpuriu, apoi, de ctre Oleg Leviki, apte complexe hallstattiene sau getice.

n capitolul al V-lea s-au discutat pe larg descoperirile din secolele III-VI, locuinmateriale de construcie, gropi, aglomerri de materiale. n urmtorul, capitol, al VI-lea, s-a analizinventarul arheologic descoperit n cele 74 de complexe din aceast perioad, din care tmorminte, ceramica pe categorii, modelat cu mna, din past zgrunuroas, puin zgrunuroafin i ceramica din atelierul de olrie, s-au prezentat amforele, vasele de sticl, podoabeobiectele de toalet i accesoriile de vestimentaie. n capitolul VII, Mihail Zahariade a surprinscteva obiceiuri de port, relevate de prezena unor podoabe, obiecte de toalet, accesorii vestimentaie. De asemenea, n capitolul VIII s-au discutat ocupaiile i meteugurile practicate comunitatea de aici, olria, prelucrarea fierului, precizndu-se complexele n care era zgur de fifolosirea unor unelte sau ustensile, s-a consemnat prezena ''ceilor de vatr'', cu rol practic i

cult iar n capitolul IX s-au adus cteva consideraii generale.n ultima parte a monografiei s-au ataat Anexele. n prima Anexa I, Vasile Alaiba

calculat capacitatea recipientelor mai bine conservate, 18 vase ntregibile, din secolele III-V p.Hn a doua II, semnat de arheozoolog Simina Stanc, s-au publicat detaliat resturile faunistirecuperate cu ocazia spturilor arheologice iar n Anexa III, semnat de Lazr Bireescu, srealizat o util interpretare ecologic a solului. Cu Anexa IV , s-a nceput prezentarea complexearheologice cercetate, mai nti cele din preistorie, dou aglomerri ceramice construcii sezonie(fig. 9-14, cpl. 38, 111) i un mormnt specific grupului ivotilovka Volansk Bursuceni, cp118 (fig. 15-16), datat larg n perioada de tranziie de la eneolithic la epoca bronzului brotimpuriu; Oleg Leviki a analizat descoperirile din perioada hallstattian, cpl. 24 (fig. 17/cpl. 24-1i din perioada getic, o locuin uor adncit, cpl. 5a (fig. 17/1; 20), trei gropi, cpl. 25, 27a, 10

(fig. 17/2-3; 23-24) i dou aglomerri de materiale, cpl. 6a, 9 (fig. 21-22). n continuare s-prezentat complexele legate de ntinsa silite din secolele III-VI, care a fost locuit de una dincomunitile steti daco-romane, neconsemnate n izvoarele scrise, literate sau epigrafice (fig. 225-149) i care s-a stabilit n spaiul menionat, la rsrit de Carpai, i s-a dezvoltat n anii de duretragerea autoritilor romane din Dacia (274-275 p. Hr.) i din teritoriul nordic al MoesiAceast ntins, dar modest silite din sudul Moldovei, dintr-un areal geografic bine cunosc

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pentru secolele III-IV p.Hr., a supravieuit i n secolele urmtoare. S-a dezvoltat n perioaptrunderii sarmailor i goilor la est de Carpai, ulterior migraia hunilor a dus la decdercomunitii steti nu i la renunarea la aceast vatr de sat, cum indic puinele urme materiale dsecolul al V-lea i al VI-lea, gsite n complexe i n stratul de cultur. n secolele VII-IX/X, grindurile din apropierea Brladului se vor construi alte multe locuine (fig. 1-3, 5-6), cel puin

parte dintre ele din lemn sau pe structur de lemn.

Rezumnd, cele 84 de complexe descoperite aparin unor perioade diferite: 3 complexe din bronzul timpuriu, 2 aglomerri de materiale nr. 1-2 cpl. 38 (fig. 11-12), c

111 (fig. 13-14) i 1 mormnt de nhumaie, M6 cpl. 118 (fig. 15-16);

1 complex Hallstatt, cpl. 24 (fig. 17/cpl. 24; 18); 6 complexe din perioada getic, locuin uor adncit - 1 L1 cpl. 5a, 2 gropi, nr. 1-2, nrcpl. 25, nr. 2 cpl. 108, i 3 aglomerri de materiale, nr. 1-3, nr. 1 cpl. 6a, nr. 2 cpl. 9, nr. 3 cpl. 27a;

4 complexe din secolul al III-lea, 1 locuin uor adncit - 1 Lad1, cpl. 28 i 3 gropi, nr. 1nr. 1 cpl. 21, nr. 2 cpl. 113, nr. 3 cpl. 121;

19 complexe din secolele III-IV: 6 locuine de suprafa, nr. 1 cpl. 12a, nr. 2 cpl. 17, nrcpl. 29, nr. 4-5 cpl. 33-34, nr. 6 cpl. 72; 4 locuine uor adncite, nr. 1 cpl. 10, nr. 2 cpl. 31, nr. 3 cpl. 78, nrcpl. 106a; 7 gropi, nr. 1 cpl. 13, nr. 2 cpl. 32, nr. 3 cpl. 62, nr. 4 cpl. 74, nr. 5-6 cpl. 93-94, nr. 7 cpl. 106;aglomerri de materiale, nr. 1 cpl. 70, nr. 2 cpl. 73;

28 complexe din secolul al IV-lea, 5 locuine de suprafa, nr. 1 cpl. 1, nr. 2 cpl. 15, nr. 3 c30, nr. 4 cpl. 48, nr. 5 cpl. 57; 2 locuine uor adncite, nr. 1 cpl. 77, nr. 2 cpl. 91; 16 gropi, nr. 1-2 cpl. 119, nr. 3 cpl. 33a, nr. 4 cpl. 37, nr. 5 cpl. 39, nr. 6-7 cpl. 49-50, nr. 8 cpl. 66a, nr. 9 cpl. 71, nr. 10 cpl. 80, n11 cpl. 92, nr. 12-12a(13) cpl. 104-104a, nr. 14 cpl. 115, nr. 15 cpl. 116, nr. 16 cpl. 119; 5 aglomerceramice, nr. 1 cpl. 21a, nr. 2 cpl. 43, nr. 3 cpl. 60, nr. 4 cpl. 61, nr. 5 cpl. 88;

17 complexe din secolele IV-V: 6 locuine de suprafa, nr. 1 cpl. 14, nr. 2 cpl. 26, nr. 3 c35, nr. 4 cpl. 36, nr. 5 cpl. 51, nr. 6 cpl. 96; 3 locuine uor adncite, nr. 1 cpl. 4, nr. 2 cpl. 27, nr. 3 cpl. 125 gropi, nr. 1 cpl. 24a, nr. 2 cpl. 26a, nr. 3 cpl. 69a, nr. 4 cpl. 79, nr. 5 cpl. 114; 2 aglomerri de ceramic, 1 cpl. 42, nr. 2 cpl. 64;

1 atelier de olrie, cpl. 65, secolul al IV-lea - prima parte a secolului al V-lea (fig. 97a-c -104); 3 complexe din secolele V-VI: 2 gropi, nr. 1-2, cpl. 95, 120; 1 aglomerare de materiale, nr

cpl. 86; 3 mormnte de nhumaie, nr. 3 cpl. 20 (fig. 45-46), nr. 4 cpl. 66, M4 (fig. 105-106), seco

al IV i nr. 5 cpl. 76, secolele III-IV (fig. 115).84 Complexe

n total s-au descoperit 84 de complexe = 3 perioada de tranziie sau bronz timpuriu +Hallstatt + 6perioada getic, 4 + 19 + 28 + 17 + 3 + 3 = 74 sec. III-VI [17Lsp + 10Lad + 33G10A + 1 atelier de olrie + 3 M (+ 1 preistoric)].

Din aceast ndelungat perioad n care s-au ncadrat 84 de complexe, din cele 1cercetate, 74 de complexe au dus la dezvelirea unei pri din modesta aezare rural format aici a doua jumtate a secolului al III-lea, care i-a continuat existena i n secolele urmtoare. Daceasta s-au dezvelit 17 locuine de suprafa i 10 uor adncite, formate dintr-o singur ncpecu interioarele amenajate specific perioadei, nclzite cu vetre simple, 33 de gropi i 10 aglomerceramice. Tot aici se afla cel puin cte un atelier de olari, unul de fierari. n staiune s-au spat imorminte, nr. 5 din secolul al III-lea (cpl. 66) i dou, nr. 3-4 din secolul al IV-lea (cpl. 20, 76).

Din ntinsa staiune, n perimetrul cercetat s-au investigat pn n prezent ase morminte dperioade diferite: dou din secolele X-XIII, publicate deja, unul sarmatic, dou specifice secoluluiIV-lea i unul din bronzul timpuriu, specific pentru grupul nmormntrilor tumulare de ivotilovka Volansk Bursuceni, definit ca un orizont extins ntr-un areal vast, de la vest de Pr

pn la Don. Menionm i prezena unor fragmente osoaseHOMO SAPIENS, care au aprut nc1, locuina de suprafa nr. 1, datat n secolul al IV-lea, plus alt inventar faunistic, 37 resturi osoa

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i dentare care provin de la mamifere domestice; pentru secolele III-IV, cpl. 34, locuina suprafa nr. 5 cu inventar specific i inventar faunistic, 105 resturi osoase i dentare, plusvertebr uman i cpl. 93, groapa nr. 8, unde alturi de inventarul faunistic recoltat, 30 de restuosoase i dentare, era i un fragment de frontal de provenien uman; i din nou din secolul al IVlea, cpl. 96, locuina de suprafa nr. 12, n care inventarul faunistic a nsumat 74 resturi osoase dentare i unul singur de provenien uman i cpl. 113, groapa nr. 15, n care erau i dofragmente de oase de provenien uman.

Publicarea in extenso a complexelor preistorice i a celor din prima jumtate a mileniuluidescoperite de noi n cadrul staiunii, a pornit de la descrierea ntregului inventar arheologic acestora, n mare parte aflat in situ, n raport cu locul descoperirii, planurile i profilele

complexe, tipurile de locuine. Prezentarea tuturor aspectelor legate de fiecare complex va punedispoziia celor interesai de aceast perioad un material arheologic destul de bogat i diversificat

S-au adus date cantitative cu privire la: ceramica uzual lucrat cu mna, ceramizgrunuroas i puin zgrunuroas, fin modelat la roat sau de import, vase de sticl, uneltustensile casnice i de uz gospodresc, precum cuite de fier, topoare, accesorii pentru vemincatarame, fibule, obiecte de toalet, oglinzi cu tamga i piepteni de os sau podoabe, mrge

pandantivi, lnioare de bronz, pri de la materialele folosite pentru construcia locuinelor, restude faun. Desenele pieselor descoperite, planul general, diferite alte planuri i profile, fotografii, vfi cuprinse ntr-un total de 149 plane. La acestea se adaug cele 14 plane (fig. 150-163), n caam ncercat s realizm o tipologie a formelor.

Banca de date a Ministerului Culturii / Date bank of The Ministry of Culture:162201.01cod LMI 2004 VS-I-s-B-06672

Nume / Name Situl arheologic/Archaeological site Gara Banca

Jude / County Vaslui

Unitate administrativa / Administrative shape BANCA

Localitate / Locality Gara Banca

Punct / Point apte Case

Categorie / Category locuire civil / civil inhabitance

Tip / Type aezare / settlement

Suprafaa sitului / Surface site 3400 m2

Data ultimei modificri a fiei/To date of last modification of card 23.6.2009Descoperiri n cadrul sitului / The discoveries in environement site:CategorieTipCategory-typ

Epoca (Datare)Age (Dating)

Cultura/Faza culturalCulture / Cultural phase

Descriere/Description

cod LMI

mormnt/ Epoca bronzului/Bronze Age Observaii VS-I-m-B-06672.02

aezare/settlement Bronz timpuriu/Early Bronze ivotilovka-Volansk-Bursuceni Observation VS-I-m-B-06672.0

- '' - Epoca migraiilor, sec. IV/Migrations Age, 4thcentury

Sntana de Mure - Cerneahov

- '' - Sec. VII-X / 7rd-10thcenturies Dridu

- '' - Latne Carpic / carpian

- '' - Epoca medieval,sec.X-XIII/

Mediaeval Age, 10rd

-13th

c.

neprecizat / unspecify

- '' - Epoca modern/Modern Age XVII-XVIII

n secolul al VII-lea, pe grindurile din apropierea rului Brlad, au nceput s apar din nodestul de rzle, alte locuine. Numrul lor a crescut considerabil n secolele VIII-IX, probabil i Majoritatea complexelor datate n a doua jumtate a acestui mileniu, cum s-a precizat, vor form

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obiectul celui de-al doilea volum, care va cuprinde n principal o prezentare a celor 38 de locuininvestigate arheologic, la fel cu inventar modest. Acestora se adaug dou morminte turanice trzspecifice secolelor X-XIII, gsite n timpul lucrrilor de hidroamelioraie, publicate deja. n final vor aduce cteva informaii privind locuirea medieval i modern.

Relum citatul la care s-a oprit cunoscutul arheolog de la Bucureti, Alexandru Suceveandin monumentala sintez, The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire , a marelui savaMihail Ivanovici Rostovtzev, care afirma, n 1926, pentru a sublinia importana nelegerii satulu"Cetile ne-au povestit istoria lor, satul (n schimb) a rmas tcut i rezervat" (1971, p. 192, duAl. Suceveanu 2001-2002, p. 162). Astfel de comuniti steti au fost i cele de la Banca Gar, d

punctul apte case, n care s-au desfurat zece campanii de cercetri arheologice, care au adus

lumin pentru prima jumtate a mileniului I, 27 de locuine i pentru a doua jumtate nc 38 locuine. Locuine modeste, specifice unor comuniti steti care au ncercat s-i acopenecesarul zilnic prin propriile activiti, dar care ntreineau i legturi de schimb cu vecinii, dar cu zone mai ndeprtate.

Pl. 1. Staiunea arheologic Banca Gar - apte case.The archaeological settlement of Banca Gar - apte case.

Am dori s exprimm i pe aceast cale ntreaga noastr gratitudine celor care au spriji

publicarea monografiei, director Prof. univ. Dr. Alexandru Vulpe, membru al Academiei Romndirector Dr. Eugen Nicolae, din cadrul Institutului de arheologie ''Vasile Prvan'' Bucureti, asemenea, doamnei Mariana Popescu i doamnei Dana Ionescu, pentru ncrederea acordat i pentcoordonarea financiar.

Sumele pentru desfurarea spturilor au fost alocate de Muzeul "tefan cel Mare"Vaslui, iar pentru anul 1987 de Muzeul Vasile Prvan Brlad sau obinute prin sponsorizri, d

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la IEELIF Iai. Ele au permis realizarea unor ample campanii de cercetri arheologice. Mulumi cu acest prilej celor care ne-au ajutat prin cei care au reprezentat cele dou instituii, directConstantin Popescu, care, n decursul anilor a sprijinit efectiv cercetrile noastre, contribuind praceasta la realizarea lor i ing. Dumitru Purcrea, din cadrul Direciei de Ape Prut.

Din cadrul muzeului "tefan cel Mare" Vaslui, mulumim i restauratorilor CornHobincu i Cristian Pntea, desenatoarei Georgeta Vrnceanu - pentru realizarea pieselor mdificile. Materialul ilustrat al volumului reprezint efortul realizat de Ileana Plugariu, MihaTudose, Ana-Maria Zahariade, Elisabeta Zahariade, Luminia Cosma, desenatori temporari acestei instituii sau permaneni, Georgeta Vrnceanu. Majoritatea pieselor intrate n discuie au fons lucrate n creion de noi, Ruxandra Alaiba, fapt pentru care suntem rspunztori pent

eventualele erori n proiectarea la scar a formei sau a elementelor de decor. Nu n ultimul rnadugm mulumirile noastre directorului colii Generale din comuna Banca, profesorului de istorGheorghe Gherghe, pentru sprijinul acordat prin participarea elevilor la lucrrile antierului.

De asemenea, inem s mulumim Editurii Junimea i tipografiei S.C. "IRIMPEX" S.R.Brlad, care au nlesnit apariia acestei lucrri, ntre publicaiile de nalt inut tiinific editorial.

n ncheiere a sublinia efortul deosebit de mare depus de noi pentru publicarea acestantier arheologic, mult prea mare n raport cu nlesnirile care ar trebui acordate pentru prelucrari editarea cercetrilor arheologice deja realizate, pentru toate perioadele.

Totui, s-a reuit finanarea acestei monografii prin aprobarea acestui binevenit GraCNCSIS, numrul 517, fapt pentru care mulumim celor care au favorizat realizarea lui,

deosebire doamnei Mihaela Fril, din cadrul Ministerului Educaiei, Cercetrii i Tineretuluresponsabil Comisie Specialitate UEFISCSU-CNCSIS, tiine Socio-Umane i Economice.

Foreword

The volume entitled The knowledge by means of interdisciplinary researches about tancient rural sites throughout the Carpathian Danubian Space: the settlement of Banca Gar

Point apte case, Prehistory, the First Millenary, 3rd6th centuries AD, achieved as archaeological monograph study, aims at surprising some data about the archaeological complexof transition from the Bronze Age or Early Bronze Age, Hallstatt, Getic period, especially a sm

part from the specificity of the rural life east of the Carpathians, mostly in relation to the world

the less known first millenary, characterized from many points of view by a provisory statute.The publication of the archaeological researches carried out in the village Banca Garcommune Banca, Vaslui county, from the point referred to by the local inhabitants as apte casituated on the left bank of River Brlad and of Iai Bucharest Road, 12 km north of tmunicipality of Brlad, in the shape of a final report monographically structured in two volumeaims at comprising the information accumulated by the author of the excavations during almost odecade of systematic researches. During these years, 1981-1989, with the interruptions of 1984, bthe excavation of a surface of 3400 m2, about half of its old surface, there were discovered 1archaeological complexes of various periods, out of which 84 shall be presented in this volume. Tillustrate their photo was just surprised more special situations, but they were recorded withgreatest number of technical information, plans, profiles, location of the complexes, reconstructio

The material was drawn, sometimes entire graph and for all was said ceramic forms mouth or badiameter. The materials of iron, bronze, glass and bone have been preserved separate.This first part a monograph, after the Foreword, begins with the presentation of t

Geographic Framework, chapter I, which revealed the man in His Geographic environment mid-millenary and pointed out several General considerations of historical geography, were givsectors, followed by the second, chapter II,History of the researches concerning the settlement

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Banca Gar, point apte case, and the Archaeological points identified by surface researcharound the settlement. Also, and of the Cultural historical framework of the south east of europethe concerned period. Another chapter III, first were recorded archaeological campaigns and tresearch method, were noted sectors A-E, and discussed it the stratigraphy and lithology a

presented the Archaeological campaigns complexes with Banca Gar - apte case. With the chapter began their presentation. The first complex was the period of Early Bronze Ag or transitio

period and Eneolithic to Bronze Age, period Hallstatt and the Getic period, Oleg Leviki. In chapV were discussed at length the findings of 3rd6th centuries, dwellings, construction materials, piIn the following, chapterVI, was examined archeological inventory, ceramic, hand-made vesseand wheel-made vessels, with coarse paste, slightly coarse paste and fine pottery, ceramics from t

potters workshop of 4rd5th centuries, were presented amphorae, glass vessels. After pottery discussed the other crafts practiced by the here community, iron manufacturing, were noted thcomplexes was iron slag, the use of tools or utensils. Finally, by Mihail Zahariade were surprisand some port customs, ornaments, toilet articles, accessories for vestments, in chapter VII. Thlast part a monograph, after the occupation, chapter VIII, in chapter IV discussed it the geneconsiderations.

Was examined archeological inventory in four annexes. V. Alaiba, in Annex I, presentinformation as capacities and functionalities of the pottery, 18 vessels, discovered in the rursettlement dated to the period between second half of the 3rd century beginning of the 5th centurof Banca Gar, point apte case; in Annex II, Simina Stanc, the presented information of the faunremains recovered within the archeological excavations provide information on both t

characteristics of the ancient economics of the population that inhabited this settlement and Annex III, Lazr Bireescu, were discused ecological interpretation of the soil and the palaeo-climaand its changing throughout time. Annex IV, the largest area to give the presentation of results archaeological research 84 complexes. The same was discovered to be true for the settlement in t

point ofapte case, where, although the researches were carried out throughout several campaignthe results of such investigations revealed a modest rural community that tried to cover their dainecessary items by their own activities and that would also maintain exchange relations both withe neighbors, and with the further areas as well. The presentation of the discovered archaeologiccomplexes, starting with the prehistoric ones: two ceramic agglomerations specific to the transiti

period from the Eneolithic to the Bronze Age (9-14, cpl. 38, 111); a tomb that belongs to tivotilovka Volansk Bursuceni cultural group, its spread from the west bank of Prut River

the Don River (fig. 15-16, cpl. 118); a dwelling dated to the Hallstatt (fig. 17-18, cpl. 24) and othGetic period, 1 slightly buried dwelling - 1 Lad1, cpl. 5a (fig. 17/1; 20), 3 pits, nos. 1-3, cpl. 227a, 108 (fig. 17/2-3; 23-24) and 2 agglomeration of materials, 6a, 9 (fig. 21-22). Such communoccupied between the 3rd century and the beginning of the 5th century AD a space situated near tvalley of River Brlad (fig. 1-3, 5-6), north of the new Roman province Scythia Minor, reachi

between 284-378 AD the south of Moldavia.The largest space was assigned to the results of the researches referring to the knowledge

the wide meadow inhabited by one of the Dacian - Roman rural communities, unspecified in thliterate or epigraphic written sources (fig. 25-149), that were created throughout the space east the Carpathians and developed during the years following the Romans retreat fromDacia (274-2

p.Hr.) and the northern territory ofMoesia. Out of a geographic area well known for the 3 rd

centuries AD, the wide yet modest meadow in south Moldavia survived also at the beginning of t5th century.Probably the last migrations of the Sarmatians, Goths, later on of the Huns, led to the dec

but not to the complete abolition of this village core, as indicated by the few material traces of tsecond half of the 5th century and of the 6th century, discovered in the culture layer.

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Summing up, cpl. 84, dating from this period were identified:

3 complexes dated to Early Bronze Age - the agglomeration of materials no. 1, cpl. 38 (fi11-12); the agglomeration of materials no. 2, cpl. 111 (fig. 13-14), Early Bronze Age, The inhumation graM6, cpl. 118 (fig. 15-16);

1 Hallstatt complex (fig. 18), Hallstattian period, cpl. 24 (fig. 17/cpl. 24; 18); 6 complexes dated to the getic period, slightly buried dwelling - 1 Lad1, cpl. 5a, pits nos.

2, cpl. 25, cpl. 108 and 3 the agglomeration of materials, nos. 1-3, cpl. 6a, no. 1, cpl. 9, no. 2, cpl. 27a, no. 4 complexes dated to the 3 th century, 1 slightly buried dwelling - 1 Lad1 cpl. 28 and 3 p

nos. 1-3, cpl. 21, no. 1, cpl. 113, no. 2, cpl. 121, no. 3; 19 complexesdated to the 3rd4th centuries: 6 surface dwellings, nos. 1 cpl. 12a, 2 cpl. 17cpl. 29, 4-5 cpl. 33-34, 6 cpl. 72; 4 slightly buried dwelling, 1 cpl. 10, 2 cpl. 31, 3 cpl. 78 4 cpl. 106a; 7 p

1 cpl. 13, 2 cpl. 32, 3 cpl. 62, 4 cpl. 74, 5-6 cpl. 93-94, 7 cpl. 106; 2 ceramic agglomerations, 1-2 cpl. 70, 7 28 complexes dated to the 4th, surface dwellings, nos. 1 cpl. 1, 2 cpl. 15, 3 cpl. 30, 4 cpl. 4

5 cpl. 57; 2 slightly buried dwelling, nos. 1 cpl. 77, 2 cpl. 91; 15pits, nos. 1-2, cpl. 18-19, 3 cpl. 33a, 4 c37, 5 cpl. 39, 6-7 cpl. 49-50, 8 cpl. 66a, 9 cpl. 71, 10 cpl. 80, 11 cpl. 92, 12-12a, cpl. 104-104a, 14 cpl. 115 cpl. 116, 16 cpl. 119; 5 ceramic agglomerations, nos. 1, cpl. 21a, 2 cpl. 43, 3 cpl. 60, 4 cpl. 61, 5 cpl. 88

17 complexesdated to the 4rd5th centuries: 6 surface dwellings, 1 cpl. 14, 2 cpl. 26, 3 c35, 4 cpl. 36, 5 cpl. 51, 6 cpl. 96; 3 slightly buried dwelling, nos. 1 cpl. 4, 2 cpl. 27, 3 cpl. 122; 5 pits, noscpl. 24a, 2 cpl. 26a, 3 cpl. 69a, 4 cpl. 79, 5 cpl. 114; 2 ceramic agglomerations, nos. 1 cpl. 42, 2 cpl. 64;

1 the potters workshop, cpl. 65, 4rd5th centuries (fig. 97a-c -104); 3 complexes dated to the 5rd6th centuries: 2 pits, nos. 1 cpl. 95, 2 cpl. 120; 1 ceram

agglomerations, no. 1, cpl. 86; 3 tombs, one of them, no. 5 dated to the 3 rd century (cpl. 66) and two others nos. 3-4 dated

the 4th century (cpl. 20, 76).84 Complexes

There were discovered 74 complexes of this period, and out of these, in the modest rursettlement, there were uncovered 17 surface dwellings and 10 slightly buried ones, consisting insingle room, heated with simple hearths, 33 pits, 10 agglomerations of ceramic materials. It walso there that existed a potters workshop, and an ironmongers workshop. In the settlement thewere also excavated three tombs, no. 5 dated to the 3 rd century (complex 66) and nos. 3 and 4 datto the 4th century (complexes 20, 76). The analysis of the specific inhabitance down there startfrom the positioning of the settlement and from the types of dwellings, their frequency and duratioand less from the specificity of the necropolis mostly destroyed by the deepening of the neriverbed of the Brlad.

Specific to the complexes with 3rd6th centuries:

- 3th century - 4, 1 slightly buried dwelling - 1 Lad1 cpl. 28, 3 pits, no. 1-3, cpl. 21, cpl. 113, cpl. 12- 3rd4th centuries - 19, 6 surface dwellings, nos. 1-6, cpl. 12a, 17, 29, 33-34, 72; 4 slightly bur

dwelling, nos. 1-3, cpl. 10, 31, 78, 106a; 7 pits, nos. 1-7, cpl. 13, 32, 62, 74, 93-94, 106; 2 agglomerationsmaterials, no. 1, cpl. 70, no. 2, cpl. 73;

- 4th century - 28, 5 surface dwellings, nos. 1-5, cpl. 1, 15, 30, 48, 57; 2 slightly buried dwelling, n1-2, cpl. 77, 91; 16 pits, nos. 1-15, cpl. 18-19, 33a, 37, 39, 49-50, 66a, 71, 80, 92, 104-104a, 115, 116, 119agglomerations of ceramic, nos. 1-5, cpl. 21a, 43, 60, 61, 88;

- 4rd5th centuries - 17: 6 surface dwellings, nos. 1-6, cpl. 14, 26, 35, 36, 51, 96; 3 slightly buridwelling, nos. 1-3, cpl. 4, 27, 122; 5 pits, nos. 1-5, cpl. 24a, 26a, 69a, 79, 114; 2 agglomerations of ceramnos. 1-2, cpl. 42, 64; 1 the potters workshop, cpl. 65(fig. 97a-c - 104);

- 5rd6th centuries - 3: 2 pits, nos. 1-2, cpl. 95 120; 1 agglomerations of materials, nos. 1 cpl. 86;- 3 tombs,74 Complexes

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The in extenso publication of the prehistoric complexes and of those of the first half of tfirst millennium discovered by us within the settlement started from the description of the whoarchaeological inventory, most of it preserved in situ, in relation to the place of the discovery, t

plans and profiles of the complexes, types of dwellings. The presentation of all the data pertainito each complex will make available to those interested in this period a rather rich and variarchaeological material.

Quantitative data were provided as for: hand-made domestic ceramic ware, finely whemodeled or imported, glass ware, tools, domestic utensils such as iron knives, axes, accessories fvestments, clips, fibulas, toilet objects, mirrors with tamga and bone combs or jewels, bead

pendants, bronze necklaces, parts of materials used for the construction of the dwellings, fau

remains. The drawings of the inventory, the general plan, various other plans and profiles shall included in a total of 149 plates.

During the 7th century, on the rises near River Brlad, there started appearing again, rathrarely, other dwellings. Their number considerably increased during the 8th9th centuries a

probably also during the 10th. The complexes dated to the second half of this millenary shall be thobject of the second volume, which shall include the archaeologically investigated, also withmodest inventory. To these, two late Turanic tombs are to be added, being specific to the 10 th1centuries, identified during the hydro-amelioration works carried out in the area, and alreaentered in the historiographic circuit. In the end, there also shall be presented information as for tmediaeval and modern inhabitance.

We take over in this context the quotation invoked by researcher Al. Suceveanu, in order

point out the importance of knowing the village, according to the great scholar Mihail IvanovRostovtzev, who in 1926 would state, "The fortresses told us their history, the village (in its turremain quite and reserved", in his monumental The Social and Economic History of the Roma

Empire (1971, p. 192; apudAl. Suceveanu 2001-2002, p. 162).We would like to thank director Prof. Univ. Dr. Alexandru Vulpe, member of Romani

Academy, and director Dr. Eugen Nicolae, the coordinators of "Vasile Prvan" ArchaeoloInstitute of Bucharest, who encouraged published present monograph and not least Msr. MariaPopescu and Msr. Dana Ionescu, because gave us confidence and for financial coordination.

We would also like to use this opportunity to thank restorers Cornel Hobincu and CristiPntea, draughtswoman Georgeta Vrnceanu for the elaboration of the most difficult items. Thillustrations of the volume were possible thanks to the efforts of Ileana Plugariu, Mihaela Tudo

Ana-Maria Zahariade, Elisabeta Zahariade, Luminia Cosma collaborator draughtsmen of oinstitution and R. Alaiba. Most of the discussed items were yet drawn by us, and therefore we aresponsible for the possible errors in the scale translation of the shape or ornamentaition elemenLast but not least, we would like to thank the Principal of the Primary and Secondary School Banca commune, history teacher Gheorghe Gherghe, for the support assigned to us. The amounfor carrying out the archaeological excavations were allocated by "Stephen the Great" Museum Vaslui or obtained by sponsorship from IEELIF - Iai, and allowed the implementation exhaustive campaigns of archaeological research. Also like to thank the representatives of the twinstitutions, director Constantin Popescu, who throughout the years really supported our researchthus contributing to their implementation and eng. Dumitru Purcrea, within the Prut WatDirection.

We also want to express our whole gratitude to Junimea Publishing House and S."IRIMPEX" S.R.L. Brlad, which enabled the publication of this work, at a high scientific aneditorial level.

Finally, I would like to point out our effort in the publication of the results of theexcavations, far too large in relation to the facilitations that should be assigned for edited tarchaeological excavations already achieved, for all the periods. However, by the approval of t

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very useful CNCSIS Grant no. 517. the publication of the present monograph became possible, afor this reason we thank all those who were in favor of the implementation of such projecespecially Mrs. Mihaela Fril, within the Ministry of Education, Research and Youth, responsibof the Specialized Commission Socio-Humanistic and Economic Sciences of UEFISCSU-CNCSIS

Pl. 2. Banca Gar - apte case. n apropiere Brlad - noua albie, Vasile Palade n vizit pe ant- n prima campanie 1981, lng cuptor.

Vasile Palade visit on archaeological site - in first campaign 1981.

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Pl. 3. Banca Gar - apte case. Ruxandra Alaiba, aspecte de antier - campania 1987 / Aspects of tarchaeological site campaign 1981.

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Capitolul I. Specificul geografic al zonei

Geografic i istoric, staiunea Banca Gar - apte case, se afl n nordul culoarului de trecea popoarelor migratoare din zona stepelor, nordul Mrii Negre, spre sudul Dunrii de Jos, fapt ceimplicat aceste teritorii, din perioada de sfrit a eneoliticului - culminnd n mileniul nti -, repetatele fenomene ale migraiilor. Cercetrile arheologice au scos la iveal fragmente ceramicaracteristice epocii bronzului, perioadei getice, culturii carpice, Sntana de Mure, culturii Driddar i numeroase urme de locuire din secolele XV-XVII. Unele perioade istorice nu au fost suficiedocumentate, dar vestigiile descoperite aduc numeroase noi date legate de aceast zon. Din pun

de vedere geografic, teritoriul comunei Banca reprezint o parte din zona colinar din interfluviSiret i Prut.

Pl. 4. Staiunea arheologic Banca Gar - apte case.The archaeological settlement of Banca Gar - apte case.

Comuna se ntinde mai ales pe Dealurile Flciului i la vest de acestea pe Dealurile Tutovn microzonele de sud ale Podiului Brladului. Podiul nu se reduce la teritoriul traversat de rBrlad, nici la cel ocupat de aflueni, ci la un spaiu mai ntins. n cadrul acestuia, conform sintezcoordonate de Vasile Bcuanu, n 1980, pornind i de la alte opinii, vezi n acest sens volum

publicat de Pierre Jeanrenaud, Aurel Saraiman, n 1995, se contureaz cteva principale subunit

geografice cu specificul lor: Podiul Central Moldovenesc, Colinele Tutovei, Dealurile i CmpFlciului. Satul Banca Gar, n forma administrativ-teritorial dat de organizarea din 196mpreun cu satele, Ghermneti, Micleti, Slcioara, Srbi, Stoieti, formeaz comuna Banc

judeul Vaslui. Satul Banca, aezat pe cursul mijlociu al prului Banca, cunoscut i sub numele Recea, este cel mai mare i unul din cele mai vechi sate ale comunei. Gh. Gherghe, n scu

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monografie despre satul Banca, a menionat toate dealurile ce mrginesc satul, n partea de sud, la vest la est, se afl dealuri cu o altitudine maxim de 200 m, Feredeu, Podiul MagnineRzeilor, Bncii i Coasta Dumbrvii, care coboar spre valea Bujorni de la sud, pentru a fi mabrupte cu alunecri de teren prezentnd un aspect de cuest, spre nord i est. n partea esticsatului Banca, Dealurile Chirei i Coasta Recea au o altitudine maxim de 251 m. ntre satul Bani valea Loavei (fosta Lahova), pe direcia est-vest se ntinde Dealul Podi iar ntre vile LoaveiGhermneti, Dealurile Ghinoaia, Holmului, Dealul Ghermneti cu altitudine maxim de 270 mcare se conti nu spre est cu cel al Stejarului. La nord de Ghermneti se ridic Dealul Rdule altitudine de 175 m, care spre vest se prelungete cu un platou numit de localnici Podi. La nord dsatul Stoieti sunt Dealurile Hncu, Dumbrava, Dealul Mare, toate cobornd prin intermedi

platoului Porceana spre lunca Brladului.

Pl. 5. Banca Gar - apte case. Aspecte de antier - campania 1981.Aspects of the archaeological site - campaign 1981.

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Pl. 6. Banca Gar - apte case. Aspecte de antiecampaniile 1981-1984.

Aspects of the archaeological site - campaig1981-1984.

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Coborrea repetat i discontinu a vii Siretului, prin aciunea de subzisten din zonSiretului inferior, a dus la adncirea rurilor consecvente i implicit i a vii Brladului, care istabilit cursul mijlociu n raport cu vile Prutului i Siretului (A. Rou 1980, p. 412-416). Saspect morfometric terasele Brladului au altitudini relative ntre 10-20 m, 40-70 m i peste 100 iar cele din mprejurimi au altitudini de 250-300 m, cu o medie ponderal hipsometric de aproa200 m (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 297-323). Totodat s-a modificat cursul Brladului n aval Crasna. Prin cotirea acestuia spre vest s-a format o asimetrie interfluvial de mari proporii iversantul su de stnga a primit un caracter de cuest fragmentat de numeroase bazine toreniale.

Cert este prezena n albia major a rului, cu o lime medie de 2 km, cea mai joas formde relief, a urmelor a dou vechi trasee ale Brladului, ce se mai vd, una mult mai la vest i alta

est, mai apropiat de marginea oselei Vaslui - Brlad. n cea mai mare parte lunca Brladului esacum folosit pentru cultivarea viei de vie, a cerealelor i ca islaz. La est i vest de vechile albncep dealurile acoperite astzi cu vi de vie sau pomi fructiferi. La nceputul secolului nostrdup cum spun btrnii, acestea au fost acoperite cu pduri. n mileniul nti rul curgea, probab

pe albia dinspre vest, situat mai aproape de aezare. Pe stnga luncii Brladului apar grinduri mmici sau mai nalte, separate de vi, pe care oamenii primului mileniu s-au aezat. Presupunem unele dintre ele au fost vi de priae astzi secate. Revrsrile repetate au distrus mult, delungul anilor, complexele aflate pe nivelul antic de clcare. Vile mici subsecvente, de pe latura sud-vest a Dealurilor Flciului, au i ele versanii sub forma unor cueste secundare, ceea ce a dacesteia un aspect morfologic specific, modelat n timp mai ales de alunecri i de procese active eroziune (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 297-30; I. Gugiuman et alii, 1973).

Astzi staiunea ocup albia major a actualului curs al rului Brlad, mai puin teritoriul ddreapta i mai mult cel din stnga, dar i terasa inferioar dinspre limita de vest a satului BanGar, o zon de lunc n parte inundabil, numit de localnici cu un toponim mai vechi, apte catoponim pe care l-am preluat i noi pentru localizarea acesteia. Recent zona se numete i LSltioara, dup numele podului ce trece peste Brlad, la sud de staiune. Partea de vest a satulBanca Gar se afl la limita de est a Dealurilor Flciului, subgrupa Dealurilor Banca Grivia i limita de est a colinelor Tutovei, cu nlimi de 150-200 m, n perimetrul ocupat de Dealurile IapUneti i Seaca. Limita dintre ele o traseaz rul Brlad, ce traverseaz Podiul Brladului, parcomponent a Podiului Moldovei (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 321, fig. 42), continuat spre norest cu Podiul Wolhyno Podolian i Podiul Niprului i spre sud-est i sud-vest cu steBugeacului i Cmpia Romn, ca limite apusene ale stepelor euro-asiatice.

Rul Brlad reprezenta i un mijloc de aprare natural, favoriza protejarea aezrii prluncile acestuia iar deschiderea vii permitea observarea, n lungul ei, a existenei unor eventuapericole. Din punctul apte case, valea se putea supraveghea spre sud i nord, pe o distan de pe10 km. Accesul spre aezare era probabil ngreunat de terenul mltinos dinspre vest / sud-vest nord-vest. Pdurile de pe versanii dealurilor i din preajm, precum dealul pe care se situeaz zilele noastre satul Banca, ofereau un adpost sigur n caz de pericol i condiii asemntoare pentcontinuarea vieii steti, cum este i cazul aezrii datate tot la sfritul mileniului nti de la Ban- Sat, din care au fost cercetate deja cteva complexe.

Locuitorii staiunii apte case i-au stabilit vatra aezrilor lor, nu pe platoul mai nalt devest, ci pe cel mai scund, din stnga vechii albii a rului Brlad. Pentru desfurarea diferitelactiviti umane sau economice, au avut astfel la ndemn bogate resurse de ap, posibilitatea de

pescui, pmnt foarte bun pentru practicarea agriculturii, terenuri ntinse de punat i, cu siguranlemn din pdurile din apropiere, locuri bune pentru cules, vntoare.Multe din descoperirile de suprafa din primul mileniu, sunt caracterizate, cum indi

spturile arheologice sistematice de la Banca Gar - apte case, nu prin locuiri de scurt durat,prin aezri suprapuse stratigrafic cum este i cazul binecunoscutelor staiuni cercetate de profesorieean Dan Gh. Teodor, de la Dodeti - ipoti Clugreasca, situate la mai puin de 15 km nord

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Banca Gar (1984) sau aceea cercetat de Vasile Palade, de la Brlad - Valea Seac.Stratigrafia i litologia aparin pliocenului, reprezentat n special prin nisipuri i argi

Acest tip de teren ne-a fcut s lucrm, n sectoarele A i B, cu deosebire toamna, dup ploi. Vaterenul argilos i nisipos se ntrea. Se spa doar cu trncopul.

Stratigrafia prezint cteva caracteristici. De la nivelul de clcare ncepe solul mzrnegru, de 0,20-0,30 m, mai gros n sectoarele C i D, n care se gsesc deja mici fragmenceramice, oase de animale i chirpici. Solul cultivabil are o grosime mai mic sau lipsete interiorul albiei, de unde a fost mpins pentru formarea digului.

Astzi, prin acumularea de vrst holocen, pe terenurile arabile predomin cernoziomuruor levigate, solurile de pdure cenuii iar pe vi solurile aluvionare i lcovitile. Relief

staiunii, cu altitudinea absolut de 75 m, formeaz o micromorfologie caracteristic, nscut dprocese de eroziune, transport i depozitare (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 62; C. D. Chiri, Punescu, D. Teaci 1967). n volum, cum s-a precizat, Lazr Bireescu a realizat interpretarecologic a solului, pe straturi, i a definit principalele caracteristici morfologice ale solului aluvmolic, nsuirile fizice, chimice i biologice.

Cursuri de ape. Zona de grinduri este traversat de mai multe cursuri de ape, de la nordsud: Petrioara, cu Ghermnetiul, valea Luavei, priaele Bncii i al Bujorenilor. Toate se varn valea Brladului, ce strbate teritoriul comunei pe aproximativ 14 km.

Cunoaterea faunei i analizele sporopolinice dovedesc existena la Banca, n primmileniu, n preajma aezrilor de aici, a pdurilor dese cu luminiuri. n timp pdurile au fodefriate excesiv iar climatul acestor locuri s-a modificat devenind excedent uscat (S. Haimov

1985-1986, p. 171-185). Specificul reliefului, vegetaia de silvostep, dintre colinele Tutoveisubgrupa Dealurilor Banca Grivia, a favorizat practicarea agriculturii i creterea animalelor.n preajma staiunii Banca Gar - apre case s-au semnalat, prin perieghezele ntreprinse

noi mpreun cu profesorul de istorie din comun, i alte puncte. Din perioada dintre prsirDaciei de ctre romani i formarea statelor feudale, prin cercetri de teren s-au descoperit peste de puncte pentru secolele IV-V (R. Maxim, Gh. Gherghe 1987-1988, p. 247-268), ntre careaezarea de la Banca Gar - apte case i deosebit de importanta i cunoscuta aezare i necropode la Brlad - Valea Seac, datat ntre sfritul secolului al III-lea i prima jumtate a secolului V-lea (V. Palade 1987-1989, p. 69), de asemenea din secolele VI-VII alte ase staiuni (Ibidem).

Consideraii generale de geografie istoric

Clima continental de astzi cunoate influene de aer euro-asiatic, dat de contrastemperaturii, - 4 n ianuarie, + 21 n iulie, cu media anual de 9, cu precipitaii medii mai slabevnturi ce bat dinspre nord-nord-vest i sud (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 297-301). Resturfaunistice recuperate, eantionul arheozoologic, studiul acestora ntreprins de Sergiu HaimoviciSimina Stanc, i alte analize, ofer informaii asupra caracteristicilor paleoeconomiei i eventualeschimbri n timp ale acesteia. Dovedesc existena la Banca, n preajma vii Brladului, a pdurildese cu luminiuri. n timp, defriarea excesiv a acestora a dus i la modificarea climatului, astfoarte uscat (S. Haimovici 1985-1986, p. 171-185; S. Stanc, n volum).

Vegetaia specific zonei este de silvostep, cu elemente de trecere spre step. Acesparticulariti ale reliefului au fcut ca zona dintre colinele Tutovei i subgrupa Dealurilor Banc

Grivia s fie prielnic practicrii agriculturii i mai ales creterii animalelor (S. Haimovici 1981986, p. 180-181). Mamiferele slbatice nu au fost numeroase, din totalul resturilor faunistice, er38 (Anexa II, tabel 4 i 22). Speciile de mamifere slbatice identificate de S. Stanc, cuprind, Cervelaphus (cerb), fragmente de la minimum trei indivizi, toi maturi Capreolus capreolus (cpriominimum trei indivizi maturi, Sus scrofa (mistre), trei maturi, dintre care doi masculi, estimai p

baza caninilor, Canis lupus (lup) i Lepus europaeus (iepure), un individ imatur. n eantion

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pentru aezarea din secolele VIII-IX (X), de la Banca Gar, Sergiu Haimovici, a identificat n plvulpea i bourul (1985-1986).

Locuitorii staiunii din punctul numit astzi apte case i-au stabilit vetrele, nu pe platomai nalt de la vest, ci pe cel mai scund, din stnga vechii albii a rului Brlad. Pentru desfurarediferitelor activiti umane sau meteugreti, au avut astfel la ndemn bogate resurse de ap

posibilitatea de a pescui, pmnt foarte bun pentru practicarea agriculturii, terenuri ntinse punat i, cu siguran, lemn din pdurile din apropiere, locuri bune pentru cules sau vntoare.

Pn n mileniul I, n zona din preajma Dealurilor Banca - Grivia, nu s-au semnaimportante aezri (R. Maxim, Gh. Gherghe 1987-89, p. 247-248). Tocmai terenul instabil dapropierea vii Brladului, afectat n anii ploioi de inundaii, a fcut ca terasele joase s nu fi fo

preferate de comunitile umane rspndite n interfluviul Brlad - Prut. Totui, n ultimele deceale secolului al III-lea, aici a nceput s se ntind vatra unui sat dispersat, o form de structurageografic analizat de etnologul Traian Vuia, ''Satul rsfirat se gsete de obicei n regiuncolinelor Acest tip este cel specific romnesc, el se gsete nu numai n nordul Transilvaniei, di n zona periferic i subcarpatic din Moldova i Muntenia'' (1975, p. 78-79). Dispunerdistanat a locuinelor, uneori la peste zece metri, ne-a creat multe dificulti pentru depistarea ln timpul spturilor. Au fost situaii n care, pe seciunile arheologice trasate paralel unele de altenu s-au surprins astfel de complexe. Cu toate acestea am continuat sparea terasei, spernd merc urmtoarea seciune va scoate la lumin bazele unei alte locuine.

n Podiul Brladului, cu deosebire n sudul acestuia, n teritoriile aflate la trecerea deDealurile Flciului la Colinele Tutovei, din punct de vedere fitogeografiec se ntlnesc a

aspectele caracteristice pentru Europa Central, ct i cele specifice Europei de est, cu zone trecere de la step la silvostep. n zona comunei Banca, n primul mileniu, cum indic dateobinute prin cercetrile pedologice, realizate de Lazr Bireescu Anexa III, predominau mai alsolurile cenuii de pdure iar spaiul forestier, cu pduri de foioase, era mai larg rspndit decacum. Aceleai consideraii au adus datele obinute prin cercetri arheozoologice, realizate Sergiu Haimovici (1985-1986, p. 171 i urm.) i Simina Stanc Anexa II. n primul milenidatorit ntinderii pdurilor de gorunete-fgete, era dominant specificul climatic vestic, cu pduntinse. Cerbul i mistreul, precum i bourul, identificate ntre speciile de animale slbatice deantioanele de la Gara Banca, au preferat ntinsele pduri de foioase, dumbrvile umede, spdeosebire de cprior i iepure care au preferat zonele de deal, la Banca cu altitudini de 200-300 macoperite n parte de pduri de foioase, stejar brumriu i gorun i pdurile de stejar brumriu

vi, la Banca cu altitudini de 100-200 m.n ultimele decenii cum spun i stenii vrstnici, defririle au cedat locul culturilagricole. Aridizarea natural a climei din ultimele secole, reducerea numrului de pduri i lacuri, a favorizat naintarea stepei. De asemenea, a dus la modificarea faunei, a dusprut bourul icerbul este prezent doar n zona carpatic. Sunt specii care la sfritul mileniului I erau n

prezente pe Dealurile Flciului.

Chapter I. Geographic Framework and natural resourcesThe village Banca Gar, in its administrative territorial shape assigned within t

organization of 1968, is part of the Banca commune, Vaslui county. Geographically ahistorically, the territory of the settlement is situated toward the north of the passage corridor of th

migrants arriving from the steppes to the north of the Black Sea, towards south the Danube, and thalso involved these territories, starting with the end of the Eneolithic and culminating with the fimillennium, in the repeated phenomena of the migrations.

Geographically the Banca commune is part of the hilly area of the interfluvium Siret - PruThe western side of Banca Gar village is situated at the eastern limit of Flciului Hills, subgroup the Banca - Grivia Hills and at the eastern limit of Tutovei Hills, with heights of 150-200 m, with

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the perimeter covered by Iapa, Uneti and Seaca Hills. The name of Brlad Plateau comes from triver basin that drains almost its whole area and provides cohesion by integrating its several suunits. As outlined within the synthetic work coordinated by Vasile Bcuanu as well as in severother more recent works (the book published by Pierre Jeanrenaud and Aurel Saraiman in 1995) tsub-units of the Brlad Plateau are as follows: the Central Moldavian Plateau, the Tutova Hills, tFalciu Hills and Plain. The small subsequent valleys on the southwestern side of Flciului Hilhave the versants shaped as secondary cuestas, and this resulted in a specific morphological aspegiven especially by the sliding and active corrosion processes (V. Bcuanu et alii 1980, p. 29301; C. D. Chiri, C. Punescu, D. Teaci 1967). Morphometrically, the terraces of River Brlhave relative altitudes between 10-20 m, 40-70 m and even over 100 m and those in t

surroundings have heights of 250-300 m, with a hypsometrical weighted average of almost 200 (Ibidem, p. 297-323).

The limit between Banca - Grivia Hills and Tutovei Hills is drawn by River Brlad, whicrosses Brladului Plateau, integral part of the Moldavian Plateau (Ibidem, p. 321, fig. 42continued to north-east with the Wolhyno - Podolian Plateau and the Dnieper Plateau and towarthe sou theast and southwest with the Bugeacului steppe and the Romanian Plain, as western limof the Euro-Asian steppes.

The repeated and discontinuous descent of the valley of River Siret, by the subsidence actiin the area of Lower Siret, led to the deepening of the consequent rivers and implicitly of the vallof River Brlad, which established its middle course, on the twinning line of valey Prut with tSiret (A. Rou 1980, p. 412-416). At the same time the course of River Brlad got modifie

downstream of Crasna and by its turn to the west there was created a considerable interfluviuasymmetry and its left slope acquired the look of a cuesta fragmented by numerous torrential basinThe main river bed, 2 km wide and which is the lowermost relief form, shows undoubted

the traces of two ancient terraces of the Brlad, still visible nowadays, one much to the east, towathe railway line Iai Brlad and the other much closer to the point apte case, to the west, near troad Vaslui Brlad. During the first millennium the river would probably flow on its western becloser to the settlement. Nowadays, the site is spread in the main bed of the present course of RivBrlad, less for its right side and more for its left side, but also the rises towards the western limit the Banca Gar village, an area of partly floodable meadow. The repeated floods considerabdestroyed in time the complexes on the ancient treading level.

River Brlad would also be a natural means of defense, favoring the defense of t

settlement by its meadows and the opening of the valley allowed the observation of the possibdangers arising along it. The access to the settlement was probably burdened by the marshy land the west southwest and northwest. From the point apte case the valley could be watched ovtowards the south and the north, over a more than 10 km distance. The forests on the versants of thills and the surrounding

Statiunea Banca Gara - Sapte case - monografie arheologica. Autori Ruxandra Alaiba si colaboratorii.

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Transcript of Statiunea Banca Gara - Sapte case - monografie arheologica. Autori Ruxandra Alaiba si colaboratorii.