Paul Lazarsfeld - Mecanismul votului.PDF

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irr aceastit;lrc[atii la ecligiaa tloua a lucrdrii ileturisnrl ttottt/ui.

i t ci rc i r tp i r r ig icr lbst po .s ib i l i l u a i r r to r r r l i< l i t r r r i i . ]n iv r : rs i t t li i

Colttrrrbia, onr trnaliza clc trei problerncamintite nraisus. Spcrtinr,

prin itceasta, ii rcaliziinrdorriihrcruri. VIai ntli dc toatc. sii vcclcnr

cllrc stlnt tcnditttcle lrrirrciPalc in cercctirrctr ocialli ( )ntc[)Porilnli.



l4 / ,llatti.tltrt/ tttlrt/tti

A1lo i , rc<lcnr : ic i t i t ( ) ru lv r tn[c lcgc nrtt l t nai r inc t tc r i t rc i r : ; ir t i l i -

t i rLc r l i r l r r r : r i c i tcstc lv i ln ( l n nr i r ) tc lccs tc vo l t t t i i icncnl lc .

[ ) rsc r rg i i lc ( ) l ls t rc stt l)rr l ccstor ) lnrctcsc vor rc l 'cr i rr l r t tc i i

o lrscrvali carc rc nu l l t t i )s t nclt tsc r ) r r l lx ) r t t t l r ig i r r l r l ,ic r r t t i rs t

( ' n l ) r i n s cr r s t r r t l i i l c ' r ' r i r ic ( ' c n tc .

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c o n t r r p r i r r r r r li r r r l l c r r c c c s i t r r t c i rt r r t t i i l l r l c r : c r t ; c t i r r cr t r c r l

l r o l t t i i t t t d i i r c l r i r r r l r J r i l co c ia l c : r i g in c l ,n a t l r r a i r l t t r a t i t r r .

( lc rcc t : t rc i r soci ir lr ic l inur ic .r

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rcz.u ltatc lc r lnr la jc lor)u l ) l ic r l tcrr rcv istcqi n z iarc,oautcni iobig-

nu i l i , d i l r 5i colcgi i noftr i d in altc c lnrpuri a lc pt i ingclor oc i i l lc

5 i -a t t < . , rnur trn l lrcs i ir i o ast l 'c ldc ccrcctarcsc nrulguttrc itcs, r

<lcsr:r icc crcr lo irrrrcni i t lcs l ' r rcll l ro l r lc r r r l i ,rr rn ar r t tn r i t lon lcn t .

l ) c l r r p t , c o p t t l t c c s tc ir o i l i s c ip l i r r cs t c u t t l L r i l i i r r g . o c io lo g i ivor s i l c ttnoasci i roccsclc [ ) r in carc ditcr irc scctoarcalc ol l in ic i

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l i t r i l i l r r r rr crrrcsc l i r rnrcrrz. lt t i t t r t l i r r i lcr rsc t r i .l luu t t i . r t t t t r /ro / t r / r r i

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sch r r r r rc r r i c lczr 'o lturc l l l in ic i 1 lrbl cc .

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tlcs l ' r iprrr i trcai cf 'cctc lc ar lprrrr ic i rcz ic lcn t i r t lcn r rcc r rs t i lo r ) l t t -

r r i tu tc .A fost rr tcrv icv lr t rnn[tnrdr rrarc lc ol in rcn i , l i r r r t t t l iu ls - i tr l rg r tn iz .a tn j r r r r r luntt i c$r lnt ion lc 600 c lc indiv iz. i , xrc au fost

c ltcst ionati unar,vrcnrc c lc ;aptc ur r i .

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r l o t t r l r t t l l t t r i :t c c i l ' r r r c i - i r t t) r i \ t r i r t P i l l i i l q 'Po l i t i c c l cp u lc t t r s t t l

p c r io r t r l c i t r r t l i t t l r r i ,c s l ) c c t i v c c i l r a r c g i l c -a r r r : h in rb i r t ,n r l i -

lc rc r r t r t cc fc l . I l r r i i r t r c l r i rn l l r r rl ) ; l r t i ( lu l u ( 'arc tu /o t i r t . lg i i rL r

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Itttfitli la edilia a douo / l5

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r l i lL ' r i tc lc c lcctor;r t no l l i l t t t ost de ccl rnui n irrc ntcres )c lr tn l

l)rczcntlr l t t t r l i t t , i ' i c i ic is-aputut obscn'al)roccsul b r rn l r i i 9i rr l

s r : l r i r r r l r r i r i ir t i t t t t l in i lo r . 1>oi, lcg i i tor i i , r r rob i l i " l l fos t co l t r l )ar r l I i

r : r t lcg : i to r i i .ca l ) t iv i. ( jaracter ist ic i lc l r personalc, ontacte le u-

i t l l i o r r r r rcn i ,lr tcrcsrr lc tt i r rcau trrnrr lr i t ru l ioul inrz. iurc lc ' .uri )s t

cxi ln l inrrtc u i l tc l l f ic . Vlot ivc lcaccstor chimbatr i , $acull l lc-au

r t r i r t t t r is i t i . au i rs tl lusc n rclagic u pozig i i lcor socio-cc<lrrornicc

obiective. Opiniile [)e care c-au avut intr-un anunrit ntor)tent au

lilst llrtse n opclz.igieu ceeace au aflnnat atatin interviurile ante-

r io i r rc . i t q ; in cclc rr l tcr i<lar e.u a ltecuvintc,nu am dcscris l) ir) ia

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t l i r ranr icc ,l )c r r t rua-i dcscopcrie lerncntc lcescnlia le.Subiccl i i aL r

l i rs t rr tcrv icvati l lcntnr a $asea ari l n cLrrsrr lun i i occonrbrie ; i

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cunr i l l i [ r tcrrg i() natlcc f t i oamcni s i lvotczc cu pU Iin t imp in l in tc

t lc rr lcgcl i i prcrrtrrr i r rcurt votat l t r r l t i lu i l ns t i rn t r i l .tc :z r r l t r r tc lcstt ' r t t rn i i toarc lc:

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r l i l i : r i1 i . , , , , . . r r t c r rz , cz.rr l t tr tc lc-a r l c i t i r as t f ' cl : r r octorrr trr ic .

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l l r r t lc s r r r . r tc lcvrrntc:4 lf t d in 4fJ3 lc s t r l l icc t i n l l l icut cccrt cc

irr tcnt ionurr ri ac r i , ' . t r 3 /o s- lu ln izgin( l i t n tr-rrn c l satr r l tu l.

((',ci l3()h rcprczintil rroietkrrra (turnouar') ilrc Aar'ut loc in cclc

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; i r rs t i r l r i lc . oi pt inr c r i orrrrrcni i c s irnt r tcs igrrr i i c r i propagatrt l i t

i poit tc i c f ic icn t l i ,d r r l l i ic t t r r t t in r c i i sunt ncccsl lrc )csajc i cx1 ; l i -

i c r r t i i l i l ' c r i t cn l l r n c t i c l c n i v c l r r l l c e < l t t c i r t i cl l s r rb i c c g ik r r .: r '

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v i i t o r . ' o r r rl ) u t c r r l i r s i l " l c r tv c r r i r r r c n tc l co t : i : t l cn l i r r r t : 1 i cl c t r t t l ' l -

torrrc lc l i r rrcnsitr n i: c t i l l r rr i lc cvcnirncntc in( l t tc o rcorictt tarc

.subs tan t i i r l i i ,cs[)cct iv tnanrrr il )u t inscnuri l lcrr t ivr i?rx ist i i cnr l ingit

cir rilta tlc rcoricrrtlrrcsrisc n)icforc/.cpc rrriisurii c cvcnil' t 'rcntclcis i t t r r r rc l rz i i: r trsul?, r . , " 1 ' r t tn t . , tc 1)oatc b t i r rcun l)roccnt?l j r in inr

i r l rco r icn t: l r i i i cc anunlc cs tc pro t l r t l l i l r l - larrrp l i f icc in l loLl i n

cc cor rd it i i a \/c l 'no rc< l r icn tarc chi l i l r r i r t i i , i r n accstca '2.,tnc lc

sc l t in r l r i i r i lcn r l i f ' c r i tc l i rcc t i i par s: i sc anul eze rcciproc?Cind

iu lu r l rc c l r ro t l t tcc ccastirn r r ir lcsn zolr i , , t l is t r i l l t r t ic itrarg ina[c"?

l { i l s p r r r r s r r r i l cl t r s c tn c t t c ur r t r c l l l i r il rc ( )n t t t r r r ,( ) t l r ) i , r t t t t l t i

i r n i r g i r r c r t d in r c r r t r r r i ir l i l c r i t c lo r v c n iu r . j r r t c o c i i t l c .) t t t c r r t i

inc i l i ; i rnai prct: i1 i. {cor icnt lrcrrcstc rcz.t t l ratt t lc l t i rnb : i r i lo rar c

sun' irr rr ntcnl i i . n aStcpti ir i r i n corrr l lo l ta lncrrtu lr r r . l iv iz . i lo r .t r

l t r . iv i rc i t r tccst :rpt,sc po t r i t l ic i r rc i t r r r r r it r l rc l r r i r i :

r r ) l c l ' c l l c o r r r r r c r r ir r r r tl l r c t l i s p r r s id - ; is c l r i n r l r cn tc n l i a 1 c

rtot?

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. ) i r r c c t l i r c c t i cau loc rc c s tc c l r i r r r l l i r i ?

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c o n c c n t r i i n ll c u t ) ) s u l ) r i t , , t : r i s t : r l i z a to r i k l r " ,r c c io t t t r c l r i c i t r c)ua t l

r tvUt ) r r tc r t t ic l r r r i i lc v t l t rr t tna )c to ln l ) r ic , lar : i t rc u ajt tns a

rtrnc n noicrn lrr ic . l r rnult ' inainte a ci s i i l o ho t i i rAre , uterni

prcvcdcrrcu dcstrr lr iacr lratctc c \ 'o r facc rrra i lcpartc:c i se r 'or

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dccirlc in flnal sii votcz.coarccunt la fcl ca pi indivizii cu trisiltrlri

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canrl)at l ic i . t t cste o noutate n lx l l i t ic r rtrncr icarrt lontcrrrporanl i

- gi von-r cveni ilsttpraacestei cme - faptul cii clriipenii unt Inai

prct l isprrp i ccit oaureni ide la [a r { si votezc I)art idul )cnrocrat.iur cittolit;ii i i r,otcazii1lcdelnocr'.r;i lri frecvcnt dcciit l)r()tcstill l l i i.l ) r rc I r r r r t ic ip r ln t ,l l r in urrnArc, 'Jncho t i l r ig i i l i r r indrr l locuitor i lor

orapclor ; i al cato l ic i lor or mergc nsprc ) irr t i r l r r l )cnrocrat, cest

tirpt sc va dovcrli corcct ntr-un numiir consitlcralrilde cazrrri, ir r

interviurile postclcctorale or verifica preclicgiilc oastre.

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dcz , l r rn r lg i l i i .t l r l iz . l tco r icn t : lr i i tc pcrn l i tc t ( ) tu i i i r lp r l t r r r r r r lc r r ri

i r r t t tc r io ru lprolr lcnrc i. )utonrgi ls i , s i lro logic orbirrd, n lu l t in rc

dc tipologii intennc(liarc,care str ac:i egaiturantre situatiirsocialii

; i deciz ia ncl iv iduali . n f iccare nterv iu,de cxemplu, subicc; i iaufost ntrebagicinc va cAEtigir,n opinia lor, alcgcrilc.Chiar 9i printrc

accirr urcnu i lvc iu - r intcnt ic dc vot c lc l rn i t iv r t-a r r l l i r t r r r r l t i nd i -( ' r

c{vizi crt a;teptiiri prccise. i, chiar mai scnrnificativdcclt atat,altcl)-

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'$rcguli i , cc le pret lominante n propri i le or nrct l i i srrc ia lc. {a ide -

l ) r t r tc : ,- i lc l<rvc r l i ti i a5 tc l l t i i r i lc u an t ic i l ) i r tnclrrs iv lcc iz irr in r r l i i :

tu t t l l i o r t r t tc r t it t tvo ( i t tc r tn t l ic l r t t t ll )e cirrc l prct igrrruscrr ir r i l i r r l r r

invirrgiitclr. n accst cl, agtcprtArileorlr fost una tlintre vrrrial;ilclc

c i t rc tu intcn/cnit in cxPlicrrca evolrrg ie i cc iz . i i l r l rr l tcr io irrc c

vo t . ( l )c t r r l i i lcat:c"^tc irnal izc or fi r l i .scu t i r tcl r ( - -a l l i to l r r l I I . )' l ' r rbclu lr lc l r tpagirra 5 st lgcrcazi i ,lc ascnrcnca,rnclc r is l lun-

suri si pcntru irrtrcllirrilc llrivitoarc a nfirrcnlclc spcciticccarc [)ro-drrcsclrirnbiiridc atiturlinesaude conrportar))cnt. ii )econccntrirnr

d in nott atcnl ia xsuprir rnrr i ru1l, rupul eclorcarcau s [ )u : i n t rn i r

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t t t i r jo r i ta tct tnc r r t l r r i lo rtccstu igrttp g i -u r t csl)ccr i l t lcc l r r r r r t i i lc :5 ( . )

c l in r.5chi irr nu int volat n noicmllr ic . nst cc i ;rsc rr lcgi lror i ar c

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nr.ruLr ilst grcu dc itlcntiflcat. L',clripldc ccrccttitoriclin clistricttll

l l r ic o lrscrvusc i l , i t tccs tcalcgcricc l pr.r1 in,i t t t tp l t t t i r tlcc to r t t l i l

rc l l t t l r l ica ru it i )s t nult nt i l iact ivd i nraie l ic icn t i ldccatcc i ldcmo-

cr i r t i i . r r tr-ar lcv ir , ind cci f i lsca lcg i i to r i no l l i l i au irst ntrcblp i cc

anunrc i-a clctcrnrinatsd sc ducii la vot, cll toIii au aflrnratci' i ttse-

scr i lv iz . i ta l ir r t t l t i r r ru l ))orncr. l tc t t r tagcrttc lccroral l Par t ic l r r l t r i

l { c p r r l l l i t r r r , r t r c - r t o r r t ' i t t si lv ( } t c z c .Asr c l , s t t r r l i i r r t l l i lc r i tc lc r t tp t r r i arcco t t t r i l r t t icl r c<lr icntarc.

putcur arru l iz ,rrn{ lucrrtc lccarc dctcrnr in: i modif icarca nor corlt-

lx ) r t iu l lc l l tc .Accstc it 'urn iz.caz.r i llc inse$i. tn c i t t rp la rgdc i trvcs-

t ig r r l i i . ) t t tc r r rnrcgistr l cccrt c c itcsc5i ( :cc i l c asc t t l t r i la t t rc r t i ii

l ) u ( c n rp r r r r cr r r c l r r t i c c c s tc l l l s c r v a l i i ,t t r l t t l l l t t c t l r . i ,t l s t : l t i t t r -

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cn tu t i t lc o i rn r r r r r i t r icc t r t r i i arr c ccvrr c attz. iscrr ii a t t ru l i r t t t r is i t

accst rrcnr n in tc rv iu r i lcspccia l lrgrrn izatcr . l o i srrb iccgi i l )a$ l -

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s t i r t i s t i ( i i ir n i c o n rp l i r i r r t i l[ ) c l r t n r t l c l l i s ta r t l l r r c r r ; c l cn c o t t l t i c t t t c .(Accstc chnic i arr irs td iscutate ra i1 lc arg ntr-o ucrarc ccer)td. l

in prczcntul studirr,crjntactelc irpi n f a;ris-audovedit a fi cele

rnai nrportante nf lucrrgc arc au stinru latschinrbr ir i le e opin ie.

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l r l l r i l , s t t r l l r in / . i l t ( ) r ,lar tcn t r t tsocio log l ' j ( ) r ts t i t t t ic) [)r()v()c itre.i [)cpistrrrca onr l i l i i lo r rr c lrc r r t i t r r r l i r r i lcuu rtot l t tr i lc lc cottrpor-

t : r r lcn t s t tn t sc t rs i l r i lc n , r i r lcs i t i r r l l t rcn lc lcncnri j loc itc, las i l l -

crrrcrriprrr i lor lc nf l trcrrgcl lcrsonalc arcatr :c i t nain r i t rc f ic ic t r l i l

i r r r r ro t l i f lc r r rci tp in ic i ptt l ; l icc, xarnir t :rrcai tua t i i lo r n c l t rc r r f l t t -

cntc lc f i- l r rrra lcrovcnitcdin rnass tcdia pars i iprocltrc i ic l t imbt l r i ,

t ( l i r tc rccstcrr l ,rntl l r0 l l lcn rc i l l icc l lcntru ccea cc noi l tn t n t r tn i t

cc rcc t r rrc i l oc ia l i i l i r r i ru t ic r l .

l ) i t r ccrcctt trc:r u sc i r rc l tc ic l r in i r lc r r t i f ic r t rcuck l r carc sc

r i lz .g inr lcscria irr l l r rcnlckl r c dctcrtr t in i l ccstc c l r in t [ : i I r i . rc t t r ,

l. lfirrrs ,ciscl, \'rit 't t ' t i l l. ' tuttrt.s,cw York, lrrrpcr tnd lros., 94 X( i i rp r to l r r l.

I'trlilrl h eiilh a rloua I l9

de ascnrcnca.sti $tim clirecgiile cestor chimbrlri:conduc ele la o

rc t l is t r i l ru i rcn t i i r r t l r l i l tor rc op i r r i i lo r , auexist l lun nrodel ccog-

noscibi?Analiza rer>rientdriiin prezentulstudiLr fit rnizat dspun-

suri prolinrinarc, dar relevante, a aceastdntrebare. [)cntnt uncle

subgnr uri specitice in interiorulcomunicigii,mod fi ciirile de atitu-

dine arrconclus a o nrai nrareunifonnitatc si ornogenilote:chimbd-

rilc opcratc la nivcl inclividual au adrrso nrti rnare coeziune ntre

nrenrbLi i cspcctivckrr ubgrupuri. ' l 'o tu i; i , )entrucornunitatca n

sinc,ca ntreg, schin-rbareatitudinilor a produso diversificarema i

nrareqi opo/nriz,ttry:chimbdrile ndividuale -auconduspe menrllrii

unui srr l>grupa r l ivergentrei mai adAnci rrmcml l r i i a l torsrrbgru-

p r r r i .Vonr analizrr ccst l)roccs n dcta l iu ntr- trrr tr l in sul lc lp ito-

lclc ult crioarc alc accstciprefcgc.Ceeacc vrcrn sil cviclcrtgicnr ici

este cir, prin tipul de cercetare dinamicl angajat in prczentul

studiu, problcmc prccum accentuarea livajclor ntre grupuri gi o

rrai lrronunglrtri ongtienti'are a intereselordc clasil ntrrl n rlonrc-

n iu l t lc intcrcs r r lccrcct i l r i lor ocia lc.

Cercetarea sociald ca provocare continua

Suntcrn dc rnultc c lr iavert izagi d rczultatc lcunui studiu spccif ic

sunt valallile nurnai pentnr timpul gi locul undc au f<lst ni;iatc.

lnsearrrn:laccastacd rezultatele unui studiu l.ru pot fi niciodatl

acclca; i n cazul rnu ia l t studiu l Ar trcbui s 'J c aptcpti irrra rczul-

trttcclif 'crite, hiar i atunciclnd existilconcligii inrilarcl ntrcb'Jrilc

de accst tip sugcreazd aptul cd termcni precunr,,repctare" Ei

,,coroborarc faptelor" trebuie luapi n considerare u mai nrult{

atenlic. De fapt, clnd douriscudiisimilare unt concomitentvalide

aualizclccornparativcl)oc ndcplini trci funcgii pozitive:

1. ( iornpirragialx )a tc ndica aptul c l rczultatc lcstLrdi ikrr rrnt

ide rticc. Vonr nrrrni acca,sra/unclia ecorvltorurc.

2. Oonrparalialx)atc ndica faptul cil, dc;;i rczr:ltrrtclcstaristicc

ale celor doLli studii difer{. anali'za onditiilor sDccificc n carc au



20 / ,llrrunisttu/ ootului

f i rs t o l r t in t t tc re l . l l l t ; l tc lc va con(lucc l i r rcc lcrr l i corrr : l t rz i i cncre l lc .

\/orrr rr nr ;rcclrsa'J_f u / a ie .r rc f crt y.

3. I in rcz,rr l tat cgativ n pr inrrr l tucl i tr[x)atc i c la r i f ica tp r iu

ncrilc lcscr-rlrcriri lc cclui de-al doilca.Aceastare \t^ numi fili lftia

r/e r rtr i/irare.

S- : r n t i i r r rg r l i r ti r f)rczcnttr ls tut l i r r .sdoati i i co r r r l ' ra ri r tu unrr ls i r r r i l r r r .n r r ld o i l c r s t r r t l i t r ,l c s l r iSu ra tc o p c r io a r l r r l i s c r r r t i ' tl c

t i rnp , a fost rcal izat n t inrprr l anrpanic i rezidcnti :r lc in 1944, a

l l l l t ruan i r lu lx l cca r lc carcnc-amoc l t [ )a tn acest o lu l r - r . i rou l de

( , ' c rcc t i i r iSocia lc\p l ic r r tc , n c<xrpcrarcrrCcntnr lNagionl l pcntr l l

( crcct irrca )p i r r ic i ) r r l l l icc ictr . ln ivcrs itatcrrl in | )cnvcr, r n i ; ia t

r l< - rL tdn tcn ' i t t r i .pc un c l i i rnt ion c uproxirrrrr t iv . (XX) lcsubiccl i

dc I )c ntrcg rer i tor iu l cdcral: rn ntcrv ir r nainte r lc alegeripi un

a l tu l c lup l i . ,a cc concluzi i va con(lucc o contpamtie ntre cele

dorr i i s tudi i l Vorn sclectamai multe exeml' r le , entru a i lustra i

c lar i lca ro lu i tnrrI izcr l rcor lrl l l r ra t ivc .

[ ] r r pr int cxcrrrp lu urc in vcdcrc corol lor irrc ircz r r l ta tc l , l r .n

stLtd irr lntrcprins n distr ic tu l i r ie , cxistau54 c lcalcgitor i mo l t i l i ,

pcrsoanc arc ; i-au ransfcraco tu l de la un l la r t id a a ltu l.Se r id ica

c l in rro lr ntrcbarcapriv itoare a direcgia chirn l ldr i lor leat i tudine.

I - l t t t t r l t t sl ( : c s t c c l t i n t l l l l r i l c c i c z . i t i t n l i i r r t r - or t l r i n l r r c tn r ro r r i c

ctr i r l l i r r rc rnbria i s r r l rg r t r l lur i lo ri l ro ra c apargincrru,au sclr irrr-

l r t i r i lcatt unltat a l t l log ic l?( ) r t r l r is l r r t t r r lcn rl r lcc i rs t i lr r t rc l l i t rc ,rnr inrt tsc iur)r tlc t tn f i r l l t

r lc . j r t o r rs t i t t l t , i a r r r r r r rc r i s i l r i tc i i , lc r r i to r i lo r ragckrr; i ca to l ic i i

s t ln t n r r t ic l isptts i i . I - i o tcz.cl)c dc l ) l ( )c r i l1 i ,rt vrcrrtc cc oartrc:rr i i

i r ts t r t r ig i ,[ ) ro tcs ta t r t i i i pol lu lagiaura l i l c rcgi iscsc ra i recve t i n

ta l r i i ra cprrb l ic lnr i . )c baz-rrcestor rc i caractcr is t ic i ocia lepi a

i r rd ic : r t i i lor r iv i r rd l l) i l r tencnta a r l i fc r i rc grul lur i socia le,a fost

p r rs ib i l i i orrstn l irca r )u i , index e prc r l is l loz i t i i o l i t ice " . udcxul,

l l t r i r t t l t t l t r i , nc -a pcrnrissr lc lasi{ lcr inr r ig in i lcso t ; i l r lcl lc tu tu r t ) l :

i n t l i v i z - i k l rr r l i n t l r c l c v a r r t cl ) c n rn t o t r r lk r r r r s l l r c r r )l ) a r t i d a t l

r t l r t r l .l i c n t r r r r l i s c t t t i c r i r i c ta l i l t : l r s r rp rar r r l e r r r l r r iia t i p r r r r i l i r i

dc rnirlizii l)c citrc lc-a lcgitinrat,vcz.iCJallirolul II din prezcnrul

l)rtftfut la crli1itt lom / 2

s t r tc l iu . ) fbsrastfc l l los i l l i ls{ d ist ingcnt ntrc tkrud ipur i c lecc t i i -

tcni: cci irlc criror ntcntii dc vot au fost n arntotticctl l)ozilii lsociuli,

rcs l)ecrt iv azuri lec lcviante,a care ntengii lc ubiecgi lor u c l i l ' e r i t

tlc ccle alc grupurilor clin care 'eceatt arte.

(lind au fbst studiagicei 54 de alegritorimobili s-a tlcscoJrcrit

cil, naintc dc a sc rilzgAndi, 6 dintrc ci cxprinra.serilntcntriicon-

t r l l rcc lrractcr is t ic i lorr l rs<lc ia lc,rt vrcnrc cc. dul) i lschinrbarc, oa r

20 rn:riconstituiau cazrrri eviante. Astl'cl, tnra.jrrrrsa conclttzia ii

morlific:,irile le atitudine se petrec n direclia rnei mai mari consec-

vcntc pi onrogenitdgin inter ioru lsubgrupuri lor p. l tJT) .

I tcn t ru c l i s t t td i r r l in 1944 r acopcritnurnrr i c lc c i i tcv i t ' . ip t t i -

rn irr i d in l inalu lcanrprtn ic i, Andcci ncltot{r ig i sttnt p t r t i r r i , t l i rs t

dcllistat ur) nun)tr mai mic de astfeldc ceti;cni. Ivlainrult, rrn ndcx

al prcdispozit i ikrr o l i t iceeste mai prrg in l labi l d lc i e apl icatpc

un c$antionnationaldecit dacdse aplicdpe rcziden[i iunrr i s ingur

c l is t r ic t . i to tu l ; i , n pofida uttrroraccstor imi t l r i , rez . t r l ta tclce l t t i

dc-rr l o i lcastudiu rcprczintd corolrorarc proal)c f tn t io r ia cckrr

d in primul. in 1944, foscposib i ldmonitor izarea 36 dc nclrot: l-

r lg i , nainte de schimbar ,22 dintreei ?gi xpr imaserdntcngii arc

ntt sc incadrau in opinia predominantd n rnediul lor socirrl; upri

t r i t r ts l ' c r ,t t nra i r i lnras 4.

() c<.x:rparalicntrc sttrdii sinrilarc l)oiltc, rstfel, li nc sl)orcirscii

incrcdcrca in rczttltatc care ar llutca fi 1'rttsc irrcloiakl lar:tl r lr

s t ls l i t )utcd<lar c t tn r t ld in t rc studi i . i : I r i lo asenrcnca rlro lrontrc.

rrnui rcz.u ltat ) i lz .a t c 54 de caz.ur intr-un s t r r< l iu ; i1 lc36 i t r t r - lu r

rrl loilca -ar i pusil a ncloilli l validitatca. )fltoritil corolroriirii, cirli-

zat i i ) r i l l s t t td i i succcsive, oncluzi i lcsunt nraivcr id icc.

Analizele conrparative pot, dc asenrcnca,s'i conllrrnc con-

cluziilc generalc artitAndctr rczultate diferite statistic reprezintri

pr<ldusulunor condigii specifice diferitc. Ca str hrstri' inraccastri

f t t t t t ;1 ic lcspcci[ icarc, c vonr nto lrrcc a gru l l r r l nc lcci5 ikrr,r r r r r t :

l )e -a l ) r ra i cfcr i t . t ,s tc orbadespreccic lrrcarr lcc laratlr i l t tcn , i -

, t r i lc l l rcc lcctoralc i t lu \ /o rvota, larc irrc n f in ir lurr rrcrs a trntc.

in strrd iu l d in d istr ic tu l Uric, to [ i accst i srrb iccgi -r lu \ 'or i l [ l )c



22 / llenui-sntul vorului

rcpu[)licani, n vrcnte ce in studiul din 1944 majoritatea acestor

alcgiltori -irr.r otat.;rc rlcnrocragi, a prima vcdcrc, lucrul accstaar

putca fi considcrlt contradictoriu.A$asd ie? n 1940,echipa elec-

toralil rcpul>licand,a nivcl local,a fost de departe nrai puternicd;

in l(),14, onritcttrl pcntru AcgiuncPolitic{ (democrat)era n mo d

cvic lcntn ra iacr iv1lc c r i to r i t r l n t rcg i i r l r i .Mai rnult ,accst omitct

gi-ac0nccntrirtl)r.rtcrca c convingcrcasul)ra antenilrtr u vcnituri

rcdtrsc,bazin<lu-sc c intui;ia cil,dacilvor vota,ci o vor fiacellentruclcnrocragi.j i t ic lc d i r rstudiu l dc atuncidcnronstrcaztr{ inru i; ia a

fost corcctil. )in 2()cleoameni (nrajoritatea in grupuri cu venituri

rctlusc ai crrc nu avcau <lc giind sil votclz.c, ar au filcut-o n colc

tJ i r r t r r r r i l ) ,rc i i ru ulcs abilr ir c1>ul>l icarr ikrr ; i7 l)c cca a r lc r r ro -

c ra t i lo r .

Astfc:1, nalizac<-rnrParativAunor stuclii elaboratc n condigii

sociirlc au storicc liltrite poatcconducc a acelapi ill dc concluzii,

asacunr sc intiirnplii gi n cazul repctiirii sondajelor.O comparagie

intrc dcciz.iilc inalc alc cclor cc v<ltcaztln ccasulal cloisllrczccclca,la rrigtcalcgcri n carc propaganda epublicand estc puternicd,cu

decizii similarc luate dc votanfi asemiinitori la nigtealcgeri n care

sunt.active fo4clc dcmocrate conduce la acceagi <lncluzie ene-

ralil: rn ultinr c[<rrt uslinut cle a-i convinge pe indccigi strmcarg,tr

la vot poatc fl dc nrarc ajuror lartidrrlui rcspcctiv.

in silrgit. () cornparatic ntre stucliisirnilarepoatc <iuce a clari-

f icarca ezultatc lor.n stucl irr l in 1940existauanumire semne cd

nclrotilril l i i crrrrr i cci nrai ndifcrcngi. {cz.ultatula first ncagtclttat,

c i lc i cxpcrgi i pol i t ic i a t t a l l rn r i r tadcsca t r l l t t r lc r l , n t impul rrnci

canrpanii,alcgltrlrul nrai ntcligent gi mai prer)cupat$i va deturnavotul de la intcnpia nigiall, pc milsurdce afl.J rai multe informapii

concrcte clesllrc;rlatformelc electoraleale candida;ilor,evaluAnd,

dcci, gradul dc rczonabilitatcal accsroran ceea ce privcgte rezol-

varcaut)or posi l>i lc r izc dc l lo l i t icdcxtcrnAgi ntcrnd.Dc vremc

ce rclatia dintrc cci nchotArligi i cei indiferengi nu era anricipard

tcorct ic ,progranrul tudiu lu id in 1940 u au purur avea nstrumenr.

tc lc adccvatcl )en t r t ta o cxanlna.

Itrtfukt h erlilta a doua I 2.1

Situagia l putut fi renrediatrin studiul tlin 1944.Atunci, tuturor

subiccgi lor arc i ; i -aucxprimat o intenpi ede vot in interv iur i lc

preclcctrlralc i s-au pus urmittoarele ntrebtrri:Sunt preocupa[ict l

adevilratdacil alcsul lor va c2gtiga au nu cursaelectorald?Consi-

dcril cil cxisti dil 'crcngemportante ntre cci doi candidapilAnaliz.a

r i lsp r r r rs t t r i l r l ri r rccstcn t rc l l { r ia arAtat dc lcc to ra t t t l,mob i l " (accitr

cllrc au v()tilt lr) t:trnrlitlat lullilce decIarascrrlrl ntengioncazil iI-[votezc 1rcccliil irlt)cra n mod considcrabilnai ltu4irtprcocupat dc

i r lcgcr idccit c lcctoratu l ,cap t iv " cei c ltrc au,$i votat dul ld curn

tlcclarascrii cii o vor facc):38%o intre cei carc-siiir*rdzgiindir.agdde

2lo/n .lintrccci c'orrstarrli,u spus cd i intcrcseaz.il 'rrcir r.rliu in c

va ciiptigir rlcgcrilc, irr65%o intrc cci ,,nrol;ili", tr1il c 46'/o Jintrc

cci ,,cirptivi", nll a .r tlsit nici o difcrcng',Inrllortrnt'J ntrc cci do i

candirlagi. i inrportant s{ observdm cd acesteexpresii ale indife-

rcntei ru c()nstituic ationalizirifo.r{actuttt le elcctoratului nrobil;

clc arr ost rtrcgistrate uainte a schimbarea ir se producii.

I)rrtcrn astfcl clarilica un rezultat din stLrdiul nigial. Oanrcnii

care-gi chinrbzi piniile politice nu sunt filartepreocupa[i de carn-

panie sau dc efcctul ei. ndiferenpa or esteceacare e ingreuneazri

dccizi:r,cilci surrt ttgor nf'tuengabili.O sinrpkl convcrsalie cu rrn

l l r ic tcn i in r l rca l l t l s l)rcun candidat, u l l i l cc o crrr is iur rc ar l io fo-

rricii i convinsese A-lvoteze pe contracandidat. u este mposibil,

dc {irpt, ca trnii dintre cctd;enii indiferengisil nu sc fi hotdriit cu

irrlcvr' lrrrtrici a intrarca n cabinr de vot.

Anr putrrt colr)l)aranrtnrai doul studii, i;i 1tc accstca rloar in

ciitcvirl)unctc,

' lirtui;i,analiza onlparxtivda fosc

ProductivLNc-a

sporit ncreclerca n rczultatele studiilor individuale gi a confirmat

unclc din interprctdrilc urai largi. n mod clirr, prin refirzul de a

rcpcta acelapi ip dc studiu, in aceleagi ond i l i i sau in condig i i

dilcritc, s<,rciokrgiiu ratilt o ocaziedc a spuri cuuogtin[clc l'uncla-

rnentaleale r l isc ip l inc i. tudi i le panels-aupretat n mod dcosebir

la asellenea reludri: ogica or es e clari, iar aspecteleconrltarabilc

alc unor situagiidif'critepot fi izolategi comparatecu uguringii.



/4 / tllrnri.ctnul uotalni

Disctrt ia noastnldc p in i acuntnc-a ndicatn lcrode gi l l lanuri( lc ccrcctarcprin r : i r rclx ) t f i o l) l inutc ( latc rc lcvantc socio logic i

lrrccisc ;tiinf lic. [)ar ccrcctarca ocial?l u sc ()[)rc$t.ca colectarea

unor astfc l lc in f i r rn ta l i i . ls tc neccsari i in tcgrarcsistenraric ir

t la tc lo r ntr-rrnc()ntcxt corct ic .Nunrai a tu t r ( . i cl)utcnt

a$tcPta a

clatc lc i i ic , 1 lc lc o pirr tc, p l icabi lcn s itrrat i i oc ia lc oncrctc art

pc t lc : r l tdl r r r r tc , i l r rd iccd i rcc l i i lc l ) rc r t rc r r rc l r r r is i l c r rd rc l l tc

i t r v i i to r ccrcct i l rca.

irr prinraccligica cii4ii dc fat:iam inccrc..rr { ariiriim mplicatiile

nrai largi alc rcz.ultatclor oastrcconcrctc.Acrrnr se afli in curs de

r lcs l l i5 t r ra rc) ccrcctarc rtra i amelnrrnt i t i i l l ro l t lcn rc lo rspccif icc

citrc lcc r t rg l in s t r r r l i r r l r ig in r r l ,la r i ln r i i r rl rc i imultc dr: {r tcut.Ar

{j ut i l , dc irccca,sd dcz.volt i im tai cxpl ic i t car lru l er lrcr ic srrb

rrmlrrc la i in r ia;rrcz.entul tu t l iugi-aextrasconcluz. i i lc , recrrmpi

in r l l l ica r i i lc coret iccalc rczrr l tate loralc.

[)ute cmpiricc pi procese soci.ale

Sturl iu l d in r l is r r ic tu l t r ic rre-a orrdus a unele general izdr i e le-

\ , r l l ) tcl )cn t r r ror icc ccrcct i l rcl l r iv ind sch i rn l r i l r i lca sc i r r r ln ic l a lc

l t i t . t t t l i r r i l ( ) r l lu (x)n) l)()r tarrrcntc lor.ccstc lr ntr fr trnrcazrl,Otr r5 i ,

t tn sistcnrc()crcrrt . unt gcncral iz i lr i arc r r lc i i tu icsc l )un tc i r l t rc

l r rp tc ,a ; ;a r ln) au [<lst lc obscrvatc, i o tcoric mai s istentat icd, e

a$tcaptd ncil siI fic dcz.volraril. unt nigte a{irnragii lesprcproce-sclc socialc i rcprczintd, astfcl, gencraliz.dria nivcl inalt, dacd e

conrpari inr u ascrt iuni lc pr iv ind f i rp te lccrnpir icc, dar gi gcne-

raliz.r' iria un nivcl nrai sciizrrt, acri c corrrl)ariinr u furnrulzirile

teorcticc ciitrc cirrc asltiriiccrcctarea ocialii.' l '<xrtc

cor rc l r rz . i i lcroastrc lcsprc ltroccsclc socia lc r la to r i t r l

c i l ronr c l)ctrccsc l r in r l r i l r ilc r t i t r r t l incsrrnt tr i i r rscgatc r r t rcc lc,

in . l i l lcn t ru r lc r r rc rs r r llc a l i va f i s tr f ic icnt .Je d iscut.Jnrc l larat./

t \ t

. . 1 .) l t t P r i r t tP t tn c t c r c f c r r i i rs ta l r i l i t r t c ar t i t u t l i r r i l o r .u b ic c g i i

s t r r i i i r r l r r i ( )s tn tau avrrt cn t l in t l ( lc a \.ota ca irrrotc lcaunll r la l

Itrhrt h ulilirt n doua / J5

cxact rr$a unl au votat n leteu farn i l i i le ' l . l r .77% lintrc ntcttrbr i t

rrccstrr i fu l ' l t i ( )n t t lcc l i t ra t : i pd r in t i ipi l l r r r r ic i i o r votascri l o t l-

stant rnul d intrc principalc le art ide xr l i t icc . r t r i l t t lx is t ra t ra ( l i -

t i i le <lc f trrn i l ic : ; i a ' .r lcger i le l in 1940.Accast{ stabi l i ta te r l i rs t

pos ib i l i ipr intr- trn e l dc ccran protector id icat n j t r ru la t i t r rc l i r r i lo r

n rc r r t r r lci trr<lrrnrcnta lc.n pofic la { ' lL rx t r lu i t lc' t ropag l t r r t l i ; io t t t r r t -

p ro l l r rg r r r r r l i l: i t rc - i tr prrtca t t f l t tcn l i l )c l lcg i to r , i lcc i ls t t ll l t i r rgc

c lL ' t : t ivrr ixrr tc r r icd nJstt f t l .)u1 l ' . t cxa t t t i t t r t rctcn t i lsc ( ( ] t ls t i l t : i

ci cl accelltrisi se cxpunii doar proplgandci cu carc csrc tlc:jir c

acord, fiind opac fagi de propagandacu carc ar ptttca intra in

clczacord./-[ 2. O irscnlcnci l onsccvcnli l u lx)rr te i cx l l l ica t r ll l r i t t rc lc r i rc

l r r ) t i ic r ip ig i i l )a rce l "arr , inergia" a tu r i i un)anc.C)h ia r irc 'J i r l tc

l i rnc t i i socia lc attpsihologice r putca l t lcscrv itcdcr t tcn t i t tc rc r t

lr i tudin i lor c lcntcntarc, acest t tc r t l replezint i i < t sttrsd lc r t ra r isa t is l r rcg i i)cntnt i l rc l iv iz indcoscbi n cotttactc lc r r lc g r t t l l . ) i is -

tr indrr-g i convirrgcr i lcne ; ; t i rb i te , i s t lnt ca l ta l> i l i { cv i tc sa l l s i i

nr in inr izezc onfl ic tc lc i dczacorduri le t t pcrsoartc lc in nrcditr l

lor social,care mpiirt2igcsc cesteatittrdini. Astfel, atitudiltea c.on-

star l td stc o nrodali tatc e mcnlincre a sec t t r i t i l fi ind iv i r l r ralc .

, 3. ccstc tcrrr l inpcndiv idrra[c unt susf lru lc 1lc: roccsclc arc

sc i l i r r i lcs t i i l r ru ivc lrr lg ru l l r lu i . iu t irn l ' , c irrd iv idrr l i ; i n rc l rg i r rc

sccttlitittcrt lcr.cnincl oplc fa;il dc llropagantli cltrc ii attrcninlii

convingcri lc ,at i tLrd in i le a lcsLurt ottsol idatc c contactc lc tr a l l i

nrcn'rbri ai grupulLri.Allarpinlnd accluiai;igrup, ei vor irnprirtii;iatitrrclini inrilarcAivor manit'esta endingeascnrtrnatoarc c selcc-

q ic .Dar astdnu inseanrni i d togimcmlr r i i gntpulu i sc vor cxpunc

cxactacclcia;;i ropagande aucii vor fi influenta[i dc exactaceleasr

asl)ecteale exlleriengelor onrune. Iiiecare nclivid vA l\/cra,lrrt]rrl

l r r i p r iva t dc i r r lo rn r i r l i i i cata logul rr i part icular<lc cxpcrientc,

c l r i l r rdacl i lccs rc i l unI sc lcct ir tc ; i iu r lcq r tc cor r f i l rn r n )o r s t i l l l -

t l a r r l c o r t t u r t c .

in intcracgirrrr i leui cu cci l a lg i, lccarconr ftrcc l r rh l icco l ) i r r tc

t l i r r n f i r rmat i i lc i d in cxperientc lc salc privatc, lrrr rr t lcosebi c



26 / llunui.ruu/ tolulrti

acclca orc1 l r jo l t r l ) ( ) r t i rt i tudin ic() l l tunc. s t fc l , < l t i nc l iviz i i un t

s l r l ) l l f i r rnci ; l la jc rnai larg idc irr f lucn;c sclccratc. ntcracgitrn i lc

con t r i l l r r ic a rrr trp l i f icarcaz ,o l i i r i in t l iv iz i lor fagri lc propaganda

arlvcrsd,n scnsulc i i c l i rnr iz-cazi irgunrcntc sup[ir trcrr tar eu care

s i i -g i r rs l i r r i i oz it ia . {cz r r l t i r t r r lina l al unor l ls t fc l lc intcra<:girrnr

i r t t rc rnc r r r l l r i igrrrprr lu icstc corrsol idarca,ntt lr ircrr cc i l trocd r

l t t i t r t t l rr i l o r o n lu l c .

( . l . . t i t o tu l i , r r r r r rc l c r r l . r r r ic l ) c r r c c ; i s c l r i r r r l x t r i ., l s t c r r rp o r -

t . 'n f i" accei l , r idctcrnt inr irn onc l ig i i lcn c irrca t i ru t l in i lc i ; ip icrc l

stabi l i ta tca,l)rccurn ; i l r rccsclc ) r in carc au loc schinrbir i lc .( in lrscrrrcncrrl)r()ccs cPinclc lc act ivarc ir xPcricngclor;; i

i t lc i lo rantcr ioarc. i iccarcorn lx ) i l r t r in s inc gcrrrrcni i unor olrscr-

v r r t i i5 i : r i r r r r o r x l l c r i c r r l cl ) c u ln i i t l r t c i t i l t c ,c t l r cs u n t . n r r - r r r r

a t r t t r r r i t cr)s., ,rcccsivc", c o l l icc i l )c r l t rucA nlr sc incaclrcazi in

t ra r l i t i i lc i ntcrcsclcgrupulu i c i i r r r iai a l)ar l in . ir trr9 i, n anunrire

circurtrstantc,n t i r r rp t r lunci cr izc strrr lc-a ungrr lunci pcr ioaclc

t lc l l ro l lug i tn t l r in tcnsd,c lc pot l l i r t lusc r r r r r . r r i r r i i .g lo i c lc l to tcontl t tcc rro rcstrrrcturarc at i tudirr i l r l r i, x)atc, rr urrc lc cazrrr i ,

la r . r chirnbarc af l l rcr i idc grtrp.

r. S.'Ascmcnea rcdispr-rz.itiia sclrinrbirre unr mai cles ntdlnite in

c"zil ,,,t,ncnilor upuli llrcsiunilor <lnllictualc.n socictatcatoastril,

r r t i t t l c c o r r rp l c x r t ,r r r l i v i z i i u a l ) r l r l i n n u i s i r ) g u r , r u p . i i s r r r r t

s t t l r r t ; i tnc i vrrr ic t i ig i c r r f in i t r tg iociu lcl ) r in ) r l rc : l i rsa or socia ld,

grupul ctn ic, af l l icrca cl ig io irsd, sociagi i lcn lrrrrnalc in care irc

partc.Accstc l toz . ig io t t i i r il is t i r rc tc r l r lc tcrrn in ir c r r t l in lccor r l l ic -

t t t i r lc n c i rz ,u l l tu l ) ) i to r r r t l iv iz , i :n c l l to l ic r rs t i i r i t , lccxcntl l lu , ar

l )u tc i ts i i lcscopcrc J a f l r r i t r i r i lcc l ig ioascl trag?ntr-o l i rc ,c ic ,n

vrcntc cc poz . i t iaocia lt i c l i rsc i a lc l t l r rcc n dircct ia ontrard. arc i in r l s i t r ra t i i lu^r ) t ) ( ' rc tc .[)rccun]o c. lmpanieclcctorrr ld,i l l rc t indo t lcc iz. icc r rn : i , l c ncvoit sr idccidd ns l t rccxrcgnlp sc nr l rca l l t i i

l l r i r l r i ta ro i lr l i ta tca a.

I ) r o l l l c r r ral c t c r rn in i i r i ic l r r l r r i i r r a rc u r r t .c z o lv u tc c c s tc ) r c -s i t r r r i o n l ' l r c tu a lcs tc rn a l i n t r cp r in c iPa lc l ca rc i r r i l c c : c r c c t i i r i r

socialc.LJrn.riltoarclcrrtrcltirrisultt rclcvante pcntnl aceastli ()nc:

x i r tnc : , . r . , r rc l in t rc dif 'cr irc lc r r ia l l l rc r idc grrrP csinrre n t j iv ic l r r l

Itnft*t h ulilia a doua / 27

astt'cl lc chcnrilri conflictuale?Existd reguli generurle entru er c

antic ipapc acclcacarc se vor dovedi mai l)utcrn ice?Ci t i to ru l va

rrfla :i nrultc clirrtrc czultatele prczentulLri tudiu sunt relevantc

in accitstel robler-nri,cginu se pot face,d<larllrintr-o singurii nves-

tigagic, encraliziiri ertc despreun subiect atatde complex.-fotupi,

l ) lc to ( l r l lczvo l t r r t r ln studiu l d in d is t r ic tu l 'Er ic ar putca furniz.a

nrijlorrt:clc lc a rilsl.lttnrlca accast{ ntrcbarc. Ce tip de compor-

t : ln lc r r t r t lo l l td n on) s r . r l ) r . rsnor l t rcs i t tn i r ln l l ic tu r t lc l m dcsco-

pcrit n aceststucliucd, n comparaliecu rcstul pnpulafiei din lirie,

celorcare au rcsimgitllresiuni conflictuale e-a uat mult mai nrult

tirnp sriajungri a o decizie de vot dcfinitivri. Dar o astfel de intir-

zicrc rru cstc sirrgura cacgic osibile.Alternativclc sul)t nunteroasc

pi cornplcxc,dc Ia cac ; i inevror ice ndiv idualc, um ar f i incapaci-

tateade a sc hotdripAna n final, a solupiilentelectuale arear putea

r:onducc a noi rnigcriri ociale,Multora din intreblrilc dcrutantc

r lcsprc c lagi a intrc at i tudin i lc ndiv iduale i mediul socia l i se va

l)r.rtcaiisl)unrlc ind lrccstcproblcntc lcgatcdc presirrniloconflic-

tLIalc5i dc rcirctiilc irlrtde clc vor fi c<lnrlllctgi corcct studiatc.

( e. Oe, cAnd vorbim despre un ont gi despre mediul in care

t rilcSt'c nrplilici' imp oblema,cdcimediu cr-rrinde gi algioameni.

( unrsc dczvolt i ia t i tuc l in i leo r l Sau , asd ne cxprimdm alt f 'c l , r in

r ;cnrccarr isnrc i r lator i td i l ro rcvolupi i pi s ta t l i lcAtc n gnl l) at i tLt-

t l i n i c o r r r t t n c ?

[)in norr, prr-rblcnta ccastanc duce sltre mai t)]ulte dirCgrl.

Srrntcrrr cvoi l i . n pr irnul r i ind , s i l - is tudicnt pe l ic le r i idc opin ie.\

in f iccarcgnrp sociu l, x ist 'J ndiv iz i mai act iv igi cu op in i i f t r rmrr -

l i r te r ra icocrcnt. i i sLrntmai scnsib i l idccit cc i la l g i a intcrcsclc

gruptrlui pi nrai ncrribddtoristr se exprinre n problcnrelc inrpor-

tantc. lste rclativ uporsd-i dentificdnrgi si cercetdmprin ce difere

ci clc n'rajorit.rtca ten)l)rilorgrupului.

in stucl iu l lc agd rnclcscoperit I una dinrre uncti i le iderikrr

r lc opirr iccst,c lccca lcnrct l ia tor intrc rass rc t l ia ; i n rc r r r l>r i inr -

puri lor or. Sc l)rcsupunc. lcobicci,c: loamcnii obt in infornrat i i lc

c l i rcc t l in z i lvc, dc la radio5i d in a lte medii . l {ezultate lenoasrre

r r t t on f i rnx iaccst ucru. v la ior i tateaamenilr lr u dobindit o marc



Zri / tllrtaui.rtuul totului

l )artc in nfornragi i lci dci lc rrprincontacte ersonaleu iclcri i

dc o1>inic i grtt l l t tr ikrr. cc;;t i l l inurnr; l rrrni lrcrrunass rct l ia

mai nrrrl tdcci i talgi i . ; luxul n doi paq;i l infrrrnrati i lorstc dc rr

cvidcnt{ nrpclrtantri)racticd)cntrlr l r icc ttrdirr l l ropagarrdci.

Conccptul lc l ic lcrcleopinic nu estc ncru. n numcroascles t t r t l i il cspre , ,1x l te rc " . , , i n f l ucngd"i , conc l r rcc re"i sea l r ) i n tc$ tc

cil irt ficcarc cotttltttitittc: xistli ciigiva rttttcrri rrai lc sc:trnii, rtrc

s t i t l> i lcscr<lda r i s t r r r t n r i ta t i lc cc i l i r l l i . )a r invcst. iga[ ia ( )as t r i i

s t tgcrcazi i i l acest onccl) t r rmi l ia rrcbtr icntodif icat, ntrucet i t in r

i tc t r r lc i i n f lucn;arcao1>inic iuncgioncaz.i itu rr t tnrrr iert ica l, c la

v i i r f s l lrc bazri, i gi or iz .ontal;x is t : i i t lc r i dc opin ic n oricc p l \ t t t r r i

socrllll./( 7. Ihr l lucnfarca pirr ic i dc cdt rc l idcr i cstc doar unul d intrc

--/,nrccirn isnrc lc r in carcsc fbrnrcazi l t i tur l in i l cunrr ignrl ; . Jn a l t r r l

cstc cccacc s-anu ln i t , ,cnrcrgcrrga"a t t ,c r is t l r l izArc r r "p in ic i . ivc -n irncntc lc pu l l l icc .socia lc, unt r tr i o cunrpanic lcctoral i l ,l ) re t i r ) ( l

i n r r ro r l o n s ta n t l c c i z , i i r r u n i l c a ro l l i n i i . i r n c r r r I r r i i u n r r ir t t l lsc

suPunaccstor cr ingc, h i r r r ; ia tuncic i in r lnrrcx is t r i r ic iun incl iv i<l

anunre pc carc sii se poati bazirpcntru urr sfat. Clci dinccllo dc

l ic lc r i idc opin ic pi dcastrpraor cxist i i n tcracgiuni cc iprocc ntrc

nrcrnbri ig r t tp t r lu i ,apt carc ntr irc l tcscrrr ir ])cntc leagia lc ieci irrrr

i r rd iv id . )c rn i is ttr i i c au krc acestc rr tcrr tct i trn i,c cr ista l izcazi i

n o t rd i s t r i l r r r l i cr ,p i r r i i l o ri a r t i t r r r l i n i l o rl r t i ( : u l i l t c .

in cscnlLi,1' lroccsullccstaclc cnrcrgcn:ri cstc () rltil az.il 1lr<i-

ccsulu idc consolid itrc l iscutat ra istts a l lunc tu l (3).C ' l i r rc lx is td

prcjtrdcci lp i,ntcract iuni lc c vorconsolic la r r rgi s irnphr; i indcxistd

dt.rar rnclc scntimcntc vagi, ar nu i l t i tL td i r r il l roprirr-z isc,ntcr irc-

l iuni lc rcciprocc or c r is t i r l iz r lccstc cnti t))cntc n opin i i fcrnrc,

Ascnrenca n)crgcntca lc a t i tu r l in i lor au actiuni lor u fosts tL t -

c l i i r tc , lc cg t t l l l . r t t rn i t in lcgr i tur i i rr cnorrr crrc lclc l lan ic l i i l l tcl l

i r rccrc l ir i l c lc a intc lcgc ,,conl l)ort irrrrcrrtrr lr r r r l l i r r r i l r l r " .cc lc r r r ; i

l ) roccsc c l)cIrcc, ( ) tus i ,n nrultc altc s i t r r r r t i i i nrr ott lcaunadrrc

lu turbulcnqi sau a vio lcrrgr i .l lc sc pe rcc or i t lc c i tc or i un cr r rc i r t

dc propitg:tnr lr ir r r tn t l r i co r r r t rn i t l r tc ,' i r r r l rrrc:o t ; r r rcvcnir trcnt

I'nhkl h alilia n dtaa | 29

irnpurtant au irrclurmcazddse ao decizie egrtrp. $i, in cattza

gcrrcrrrl i t i l l i ior, stc nrl)ortantI studientn cc condigi ii in cc cl

se lczvcllti l ccstc rnergen[e.

liste inrcresant le notatcll, crrmulaten acest cl, ntrebdrilc

dcspre ormarea pinieisunt similarcproblcntelor u care econ-fnrnt'ide mulgianieconomigtii. e exemplui ivdd recvent tabili-

zarca )returilor :ape o funcgie intcracgiunilorintre ofertelepi

ccrcri lcunui nunri l r c indivizi .Accst ttcruestc, n mocl ogic,

sirnilar u considerareaistribugiei l l inii lor ntr-ungnrpdrcptun

rcz,ultrt l interac;iunilor intre mai nrulti<-rameni.rr nici ur.r il z

rczultatul lnir lnu poatc i expl icat rin acgi irni lciopini i lcante-

riourcrlc rrclrviz.iloronsidcragicparirt.n anrllclc azuri, czultatltl

f inalcstc czi l l tanta nor nteracgiuni,are u ca lrodtts ectlndar

ccye-cc u a cxistat rutinte,

( fl.lai

cxistiiiun alt actor are ctcrmim'ichimbareaeopinie.

tlpniii" par sI fie organizatentro icrarhic stabilit ',tl i i.n ctrrstrl

rrnci irrnparrii,clcnrai lcxibilc cadaptcazilivelrtri lor aistahilc.

li iccitrcp'.rrticloliticdcpinc n setdc principiipe cxre trccarcild-

I inrpundalegtitorilor.a inceputulunei campanii,mul;i oameni

diur dspunsuri,republicane"a unele ntrcbdrigi ,,democrate"a

altele.Dar, pe rntrsurii e campania vanseazil,xist'trendin[aca

stnlctrlrrl pinieicf,tnraimtrltoroanreni i dcvinildin cc rt ce mai

omogcnri. Andstudiem chinrbirile, Lrbiecteleot fi ordonaten

[urrclic lcgnrdrrlor cle lcxilri l itate.ntcngia c vot e.stc eamai

stal>ili i;tituclinile supra norsubiectcmaispccificcind sddevin:I

conrpatibilc u Poz.igiaartidului.Printre lccste ubiccte, c asc-

nrenclr, xisti unele carcpar sil fie detcrminate e cclelalte.n

carnpanialirr 940, e pildri, piniiledesprc ersonalitateaandida-

t i loratr ost clariv tabi le,n tinrpceopini i le supra nor eme pc-

cifice, recrnn olrrl rrvernrrluin problemele colronrice,lu putut

fi irjrrstatcn lirncAic c evirluarcitlcrsorrirl itri l i lorcsl'rcctivc.

Accstcas;uut loarcitcva dintre proccsele arccontritnie la

frrrrnareai nrotli l icarcapiniilor.Darelc ne-arputeaajutas{ r',Is-

l i t tn<Jcrnao ntrcbare usd ntcrior, ianunre lacl clr inrbi lr i lcc



.J() | ,l ' lnanisuu/ t:otrtlui

atituclincsc mi$cii ntr<r dirccAictrccisii.Cllci, ic crairoccsul chinr-

bdri i rnp l ic r i czolvarca rcsiu i lorconfl c tualc, nf lucrr; ir dcr i lor

t lc op i r r ic : ,vcrr irncr.r tc lclr icct ivc rruntcracl irrn i lcc<:iprocc,czul-

t i r tu l sc l r in tb i l r i il l rcsu;lunco c()crcn;i l ra i n t i l rc ,atAt n intcr i oru l

g ru l> t t r i lo r ,i t gi n priv in la ndiv iz i lor ngig i. )e nr i lsrrr i l e ?rceste

[)roccsc rorlc lcaz,d; imodif ic .t l l in i i lc ,s l )o rc i i tc i corrscnsuln t ro

r t rcn ) l ) r i i r r rp r r l r r i ;vcrn,as t fc l , nt i$carc inru ltarr i lr l t rcorrrogc-

nizarcadin intcriorr.rl rupului gi ciitre ltolarizarea rcscindil intrc

grul lur i lepc care c-amdescrisnai nainte.$ i , corelat iv , e mlrsurd

cc incl iv idrr lsc onf<rrntexz.draiprofundmediulu isdrr ocia[,ezol-

I ' i n r l p r c s i t r n i l co r r f l i r : t r r a l c ; ; i c r i s ta l i z in d u -1 ic n t in l c n tc l c u g i r r

( ) l ) l i u n i c r r r r c ,n r r l t c l i n t r c n c o l ) s c c v c n g c lcin c a c l r r r l s c tu lu ii l u

dc r r t i tu r l in i o r d ispi irca.

in s l i rs i t , degi accstegcncral iza ' ir iuantcazd ezlr l tatc le t l l -

r l iu lrr i dc fatd,estc importarrtsd c rccunoa;tcm caractcru l re l i -

r r r i r r i r ri cx lrcr inrcntir l . nvcst igrrrca l tor s i tua l i i s l tcc i f iccp<latc

co t t t l t tcc r t u l igc t tc r i t l iz ,d r ii t t r x r l tc i r r r l ic i rrcvoi ir lc r c nro t l i f lcapc c c lc s c l r i g a tc i c i .Nu t r c l l u i c u i t a t t l c la ; i r r i n t r c : rn s tu d iu

l)articulitr;i tiptrl clcgcncralizirrca carenc refcrint. Accasta ezunt' i

in f t . r r r t r tg iar lunat: l r inJacunr,dar nu este nurna i a r i i t .Gcncral i-

. r . ; l r i lc1>crcirz 'J,c ascntcncit , i c t un g l r i t l r l ro i lorccrcctr lr i ,i lc i ,

l i r r i r rd scanla lc c lc , ; t i rn dc la inccput cc s i l c i i r r t i l r t r .i lc srrnt,

totu$i,prcagcncralc.Conccptc le pe carc c iml t l ic i l rcbu ie acluse

la rcpcrc s l lcc i l icc ,acla l l tatc a s itutg ia oncrc[ i I .Nurnai p r in no i

ccrcct i l r i i pr in intcrdcpcndcn[apcrnrancntd l in t rcclate i gene-

raliz.iiri c [)oatc caliza rn [)r()grcs istcrnatic.

Cutre o viitoarc cercetru'e

S t tn tl r l t r t l n t r c l r i i r i : i c n l i i r l cr t r c r c c c s i t i ln ro r r l i r r r r ; r r cr r v c s t ig r i r i

gi c l r r r i f icd r i .

NIa i r r t i i ( lc toatc,anr lor i sr i c l tc tr lrn rcz.cntrr l r r rc l i t rn c<ln-

t l i t i i pol i t icc l i l ' c r i tc . ) i i r r r l t lcgcr i lc c corrccnrrc i lzr in j r . rn r l no r

l'flaPl ll edilia a doru / .l l

dczbatcri intportartte,se ajunge a decizii de vot prin intermediul

unor [)roccscsllc:cifice?n recentelecampanii prezidengiale, tlnl

l r t l cc le s t r r t l i r r tcn 1940 i 1944, u fost pu[inc controvcrsc l l t rc

cclc clouilpirrticlc nrportante.Ca atare, raditia ltoliticil ;i echipelc

dc ciurrl'rirnie u fosr l'actorii rordritori in luareadeciziilor de vot.

Acr r r r r .nsiI ,cx istr i ot n)ai nultc dovczi c 'JPart idul Rcprrb l icanpi

I )a r t id r r l )crrrocrat e ndreaptdpre un confl ic t or mai accentt lat

in cecacc privc;;teprotrlemeesenliale,cum ar fi legislagiamuncii.

in a.ettc condigii. ,iitoarele ampaniiprezidengiale e-aroferi posi-

bilitatea cle a stuclia um se cristalizeazd titudinile fagd e proble-

nrclc lcz.biltr.rtcicunr suntdctcrnrinatcaccste tituclinide tratlil i i lc

t l c v o t g i r l c r r l l r r c n l c l c c g ru 1 l .

Ascrrrcnca nforrnal i i pot fi obj inutc gi pr in cfccturtrca tnor

studii sirnilareasupraalcgerilor ocale,$tinr ctl, de cele mai multc

ori,atcngiaestecentratei e problemele ocalegi cd, n multe dintre

accstcr l ,in ia par t ic l r r l r r is te nci lcat{ de combinagii le emporare

alc gr r r l r r r r i lo rlc ntcrcsc. n ascnrcnca ond i t r i i , c t iv i t i lg i le a r t i -i r r l r r i t tp t l i rn itatc. nainte ca indiv idul s i l a jungrl a o deciz ic de

vot, cl trebuic srise hot' irascd supraopiniilor sale privind proble-

nrc lcsi po l i t ic i lc ocale.El poate i deschis uf luen;elorprovenind

tlirr livcrsc sursc, ur proccscleprin carc pi va edifica hot'trrircit to t

ll ditcritc cle acclcacare au funcpionat n rccentelecampanii prezi-

dcrrg ia le. - --

in al doilca riincl,arr-rrea sd afltrnrmai multe despre pcrsonali-

tatcapi nrcdiu l socia l l celorcare gi schimbdatitudin i le. Aceasta

ar l)rcstt l)unc t r rd i idc cazdctal iate, tatasupra o tan I i lo r ns ta l l i l i ,

c i t gi asul lra e l<lr ,ca1>tiv i".n studiu l c l in d istr icru l Eric au fostrealizatc nrcrv' iuri speciale cu prinra categorie menfionatil, da r

lbndrrrile inritate de caredispuneam nu ne-au permis sAmergem

rltet lc dcllarte pe cic am fi dorit sau pe cAtera necesar,

( ) r r rc i l p ro l l lc r t r i \1>r i r rc ; tccgrltrrra irr trc rr fhcngclc lcz ,v i l -

luite prin analiz.a sat)tionului ostru i re;eaua lobali de inf' lucngc

gi clc clccizii din irrtcrionll con)unitrltii, I{cz.ultatclc obgintrte I) e

ci;irntioanc Ll )ot fi inlclcse decit atunci ciind sc ia n considerarc



.]/ / ' l lertni.rtuu/ wttului

cadnrlgcncrala l cornunit : i1 i i . Inadintrc inr i tdr i l c tudirrhr i e f trgd,

dc llildil, a rczultat ;;i drn c;;ccLrl ostru n studicrca apro[trnclattlr

in t rcg i i conrunitr l t i .Abia c : i t rcs f i r ; i tu l in tcrv irrr i l or m af lat dc la

rcspotrr lcnt i c l t dc ir t tPortantdr fost cc lr ipa rcPLrlt l icani iocalr i

pcntru lornrarca pin ic i. in accl r lontcr ' r t ,ns i i ,nrr nra i cra posib i lsr ls t t r t l ic t r r i t r rag i i t; lo l i t ic ' Jrr n ro t l r<lccvut.

( ) dc l ic icn l i l r tsc l t t r l r r i t r)u rcl ) r ( )vc r r i t i t l i r r r tp t r r l r l n r t i - r r r r r

s t t rd ia tn ra i ndcaproal)cl )c idcr i i dc opin ic local i . . l i indsubiccgir

s l) l lncau cd pr inr iser: i ncle infornraf i isau sfatur ide la a l tc per-

soAr)c, ccst ir[)t cra inrcgistratgi cr:r clctcrntinatri ntreuga razricl c

a c t iu r ) c i n f ' l r t c n tc lo r c r s o n a lc .) r r r r t r ra r r r n c c rc a t l I - i r r t c r -

v i c v r in r c l i r l c r i i< l co p in i c n g i ; i .

Accst r rc r r t l i rs t rcnrccl iatntr-<l crcctdrc r l tcr ioar d, lc c i ircr

rczultatevor f i publ icatc crtrAnd. i a ic i ,s t r r< l iu l -a cc l t t ra tl )c un

clantion de subiccgi, lc datauceastirin t r -ocontunitate in I l l in< l is .A ic i , i r rs r i , ic lc r i i r lc o l l in ic au bcrrc l lc i ir t<lc o atcngiespcciu lu:

o r ic i i r t r i ndiv id carea f i rs tn lenl ionatdc vreunul d intre subiect ica

c,rcrc it i ind in f lucn t i i s- l cerutsJ rr ispundiii r rn sct dc intrct lArr

spccia lc,nrenite sd deternt incsurscle nfrrrntat i i lor i opin i i lor ui .

in ic lrr l accsta, m putut o l l ; ine o irnagirrc ra i c lare i f l r rxulu i c lc

i r r f l r rc r r lcl irr accast: i onrrtn itatc. tr l -a r r r i i ; / . l t t unla i l l r in oclr i i

ind iv iz . i l t - r rl in c l t l rul c fa r ) t ionulu i , i arn l )u tu t s t i l u rn r i i r in rdc-a

Iungul unci ser i i dc rc lag i i crt ica le ;i or izontale.

A pltra l)rovocarc stc de natrrrd rreror lo logicd.ic i v i r lo l r rc i r ,

n ic i l i rn itc lc mctoclc lor o lositc ru rru ost ncr icxp[<tratcn i r r t rc -

g itnc. )c r:cpcrioacl i l c t inrp poafc i cx i r r t ini r t r ranrrnt i t $ i ln t i()n?

(jc sul l icctc p<lt i abordatc orc.s l)unz-i i torn in(cn ' irrr i c l lc tatcsi

in caz.u l r iror u l r icc tc cl)ctarcantcn' irrr i l r l r a i r r f l r re r r t l rrr{ i l rnta-

gi i lc Lr lcscrr ntcr v iur i t l tcr ioarc i onr obtinc oarcl)ers l)cct ivc rrr i

prolitndc rlacil vont lrtaliz.rr cz.ultatclc lrcst.iolrrrrcl()rollstrc cu

a j t t to r t t l c l t t t ic i l r l r r r r t tc r r r i r t iccof lst icatc lczvoltrr tc r irr a r r i r l iz t r

sc r i ik r r cr-rr l lora le?j i t dc nru l t c re r l i t l ) r t tc tn la cxl lcr inrentc lor

actt ta lc, lc a lrorator,n priv in la or rn i i r i i l l i l r ie i . n urrnas tuc l i i l r l r

r lc tcrcn lrrrz. l tc c intcrv iur i cpct lr tc?

I'tt'lakt lrt eillia n lttut I 'l'l

I)in f'ericire. vem ltositlil itateade a str.rdia nele dintre accste

ip t rcb i i r i .Or l r r r i tc tu l )c l t t ru EvaluarcaOl l in ic i l ) t tb l ice ,a At i tu -

t l i r r i lo r i Dgrin le lor Cjonsttnratgr i lor,nf i ingat c ( lons i l iu lNarional

r lc ( lcrcctr irc ;i t lc Cons i l i t r ldc Cercctarc n f i t i in lc lc Socia lc 'a

olrtinut f<rncluri lc la littndagiaRockefeller llentrtrI sttrdia eoria

; i r r p l i c r r li l c t c l t n i t : i l o r a n c l ,

( l r i r r r l i r r r r z , c l cr c l i r p i r r a rel c s t t t d i t t l r r i i p t l i s t r i c t r r l' l r i c , r

t lcvc l i t c la r c i i tc l tp ica nterv iur i l t l r c l)ct 'J tc t t t rc l l t t ic c i t t t5 i lc

[ ) r t t in estr insara str td i i lepr iv ind propaganda o l i t ic i i . la cste o

nrctodii gcncralil,aplicabilnoricdrttistttclitr stll)ra titudinilttr carc

sc lilrrrreitz.ilntr-o itl)ttlt.lit l i erioadd lc tinrll. De eXcmlllrt. clltcii

rcnl srl ('()rcctiln atittrclirtilc tttcrctnicc, srl nrodificiltlt tltlrirtlclc

cotrstrnratrtr ikrrart r i r tc t t ra j i ln rl tgelegcreaa nivel ntertragit ln l l ,

t rcbrr ics i i faccr-u ta i nrult decit sd descriemn i ; ; teat i trrd in i.N' la i

trcbrricsii stuclienr i mgclulin careacesteatittrdilise (lezvolt?i at l

cilnr [)ot fi clc irrflrrcntate. oate acestea ttnt llrollleme carc po t

{ l rczolvatc r irr ip tr l dc cercetarc ocia l ld inrrmic i cxemll l i t icat n

Iucritrc:t lc fagii.



Accststudiu a fostposibilcu ajutorul inan-

ciar -rfcrir lc iundapia{ockcfcller, c con-

sultanptl l l i roului dc Cercetdri asupra

l{adioului l Univcrsit: lgi iColumbia,api prin

conrribu;ii le peciale atoratc cvistei ry' 9i

l r r i i l rno lopc r .

D<lmnul {opcra i-rsto-spottsorttlccsttti

proiect, onrnia agiechipa usiinoui la dis-

pozi;ie iind dc celnraimareajutor n planifi-

ca ca i cxcctrtarcatudu u . Doam aCarolyn

Crtrcitrs ucratnrpreunli u noi a edactarca

chcstionarulLrigiapregiitircachipeidc tercn.

L)onrni i tobertWil l ianrsi lLobertPrattau

stl l l i l i teganti<lnul.ornnul i lnr<l i lson -rr

strrbilitn Sandusliyirnp lc aasctrniEia coor-

donat oatdmunca fectuatite eren. nellui-zabila aputerede muncrl dtrs a depiipirca

ncnunrdratclorlificrrltritiehnice, ar nume-

roascle clei cu carc a contritruit a stucliul

nostru Pc rilIsttrrl cc cl avirnsltatt Prcligttrut

rolul mllortan pc carc lrrcil i i l joacc ultcrior

in cercctarca pirr ic iprr l l l ice a nivel gu\rcr-

nrtnrcnta l.l rr l l tuniri



.Ji / ,l ltzuistrttt/ uolrt/tri

I)onrrr i5oirr ir Ic lcrr Sclrucidcrr cal iz .at nal iza tat is t ic i i i nc -

a g l r i r l r r t rco l>os i t i i) r i t )accst natcr iu l ov i i r fto r ,cr lrc lcccsitr l r l ) tc

cartc lc Io l lcr i th l )c l t t ru ccarc L l l) icctntcn ' icvxt.

I ) rcz .cn t t t l i t [ )()r t ()nt inenrrnrai onclrrz, i i l c rrc i anal izc c irrc

ctrpr inclc r : r i nu l tc n r i i t lc ta l>clc i mai rnrr l tdc o nr ic c lepagin i

r lc i r r tc rp rc t i i r i1>rc l irn inarc.)cntnra- l pulr l icu rr <lrnra c t r r t l i i , r r r r

i t v r r t r c v o ic l c r r r t t l t r j r r t o r .

[ ) o rn n t t l N [ . [ 1 .Sc l rn r r l ) l ) c r ,c c rc t i r r r r lx c c u r i v r l ( ] o n s i l i r r l r r i

r \ r r tc r i r ; r tnl)cntru Af rrccr i rr tcrnc, t srr l lcrv iz.atrr lr l icarca ranrrscr i-

str lu i. i s iu r - l tcn tcc l l l t ( )sc r i to r il )cntnt c(x) l)crArcl li tconl lrctcnt: i .

l ) o r tu tL t lI a n s Zc is c l , l c r rN Ic ( r r r r r r - l l r i c k s o r r ,a s r rp ra v c g l r c r r t

rcrt l iz .urcal i lg r l tn rc lo r . A l i rs t as is t l r t :u conll)ctc l l td dc nnll

I l u r t l n ra n .

I)ract ic , iccare nrcrnl)rual I l i rou lu i dc Ccrcct ir i asupra tacl i-

ou l t r ial [ ]n ivc rs i t i t r i i .krhrnrbia,carca dcvcnit inrrc t irnp o sectie

i r l l i rou lu i c lc Ccrcct irrc Soc ia l i iAp l ic r r t i i , n runc i r e fcc t iv , lrr Lrn

rn ( ) l . r ) c n Il i r t , i raccs t t r r t l i u ,n s l l c c ia l1or r111 i5111111y i r r r r ; i l r l r n n i i

l ia r l lc r , ;osbcrg ;i I lcnrr ig.Aco l< t n t le a l i)st r ' tcv() ic , rn lv r r tgi

c(x) l)crarca l)ro lcsonrl l t i Douglas \ \ 'a1l les, a cl<-rnrni lor csse

NlcKniglr t , A l f ic t l Jonc.s, , ' r i tzSchrcir gi a prol 'csori lor , l ichacl

l i r t lc ly i , l {o lrcrt Nlcrton pi ( i<-roclrv inatsorr,

Autorul nrrr iv irstn ic cste cu dcosclt irc n< la to r i r to lcgi lor s r i i

t lc la I)cpartanlcntu l c lcSocio logic l [ ,Tn ivc rs i r r i l i io lrrrnbia.

l 'tul Ln:.rrrsftl

IIutttrl IIrrr'/.sottIlrtx'l Gaurlrt

lJ ir<,ullc lcrcctarc oci ir l i i pl ic irt i i ,

U n vcr sitrrtcirolrr r l r ia

vara nr r l r r i 944

Accustaestc o iu l i r l i : / . i i oon)lx)r t i l rncntult t i

politic ilmcricrrn lc astrlz.i r)raicxltct. 1l ltri-

b t r i r i ivotur i lor n t inrpul unei carnpaniiprc-

ziden;iale. La flecare pltrtt ani, Iarir noastri

dcvine scena unui experiment la scaril argri

in ceca ce prive$te propagilndil politicr pi

opin ia pub[ic{. St imrr l i i sur]t eprczerrtr t t ilc

tot ccca ce fac cele douii l)arti(le astfcl ncit

candidagii or si obginii victoria irr rrlcgcri.

Comp<lrtamentuloamenilor n cursul acestor

canrpanii e l lrezint i l cacl i i lcdcscriscpi u r r i r -

liz,aten acestepagini.

Suntenr intercsagirici lc torttc rcclc 'otl-

r l i t i i care determindcollr l)ortanrcrtt tr l o l i t ic

i t l oaltrcrr i lor.)c scttr t , roblctn it r ( ) i ls t r i lst cilrrcirsta:sddcsc,,1,crinrcliil i l..lc-..iih,,t---]rii--

----+-

cctdgcnii Nvotezc r r r r - t tnanur)r i t i ' l . ( l i r rc

att fost influentele nril.iore xercirittc astll)ril

lor pe parcursulcampanicidin 1940?Cretlertt

cii gtim unele riispunsuri;srtntcnr siguri nsli

cr inu le $t inr pc toatc. St t rc l i ii r r i la rcaslr l)ra

turrci erii de alegcri mportiurte. ttirialcsdacii

Ic vom coml)ara ntrc elc, vrlr crlnfirnra ezul-

tutc lc val ide alc accsttt i l l )ort . i v r l r corcct: t

0

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.J,9 /,llrt t t rt r.sntu t.ttlu tt

11c{ic icnlc lci , i t r gcncrl l , v t r rc lar i [ icx ; ivor c ( )n ) l ) lc t r lt l t to l t in [c lc

actu i l lc asu[)ra i tc tor i lordctcrnt inangiai o l t in ic i l)ubl ice intr-o

t lc r r ocragc n to t lc r t t i i .

l , lx is t r i i tcva n tod l t l i t i i l i lc a i r r t r r l iz r t) r ( )ccs t l lt lcgcr i lo r .) in i i

rc l : r t i r r ccc r . r t ,t t rcg is t r l t rc r rf c ia l l l t v t l t t t r i lo rconsti t t l ia ingttru l

n l r r t c r i r l l' , . r l l r l r i l c t tr i v i t c l t r l c g c r i .' . r : r r rr t i l c ) c t t t r t t t r r t l i t r l t l i s t r i -

l r r r l i c i c o g r r r l l c cr r t i t r r t l i n i il o l i t i c c ro r t t r r c n i l o r ,l r t r t t t ) ) a i t ) t t l tt lcc i r t r t i t . \ ; l r - r i .tn grttp lc cc rcc t i i t ( ) r it rovc t t i r r t ll in zon i r ; t i in -

tc lo r po l i t icc ,str lrcgida I ln ivc rs i t r i [ i i in Ohicago, intr t ld tts ce a

cc s-ar )utcanirnri rnaliza cOl0gicii votltrilor. Exantinind vottlrilc

i r l rcAis t r i t tcr r t r l r i t i ig i t r ic i l i t t t r - t tno r i t i s l t t t l i t r r r - t tn t l l t , v ( ) t l l r i

l )cn t r i l c irrc l i l l i rs t t l is l l< ln i l l i lc rrr n t i l t l i l r t lc t l i t tc gct lcr l t lc ( t lc

rcccr rs i l r r r i l r t ) ,i i r r rl )u t . t l t , / .o lar t t r -o t t tu r t r i td t t i is t t r r ' llcctc lc 1t c

crrrc c-art r \ /u tusul)ra cc iz ic : i lc vot fact<-rr ia rc l ig ia, la I ional i-

t r l tca au stat lr tu lccOr]orrr ic .)egi au rvut l)andic lrptr l lca l t tc rz t t l

r rnc lcc t< l r i t ti r i r r tc ivc rs - t lc p i l t l i i ,nu to{ icc: i arck rc t t i l t t tn t r - t t l t

r l is r r ic tprcr lorn inrrnt r lant lczcrrL l r lan(lc - , c i a t t c r ln t r ib t t i t a

intc lcgcrcaunor lactor idctcrnr i l tarr t i i dcciz ic i pol i t icc.

r \poi r r r rn l i r ts()ndir jc lc c opin ic pLrb l ic i i ,ar accsteat t ts1 ' ror i t

cunoaftcrcanorstr i i Pr i r rpunerca n rcla l ie a < lp in i i lo rl lc l l i t icccu

t : r r r : rc tc r is t ic i lcr r r l iv i t l t r l t t i : t rcvotcaz:i , l r ri p r i r rso t t t l ; t rc l tr r tc r t -

l i ik r r t lc vot in i r in tc t lc a lcgcri lc l l ropr i t t -z . isc .s t fc l , c lo i tu l i ic t r t

n r r r l t n i r iprccis i l ; tuc l icrca nor l i rc t<-tr ilc tc rn r i r lurg i i vo t t r lu i r,

p i r r r i i a rtn i r r r t r r r r i t[ )L tnc t , u fdctt t l los ib i ls tLrd iLr lvo l t t I ic i vott t-

r i l o r r r i r r r p u l r r r c i a l r r p i r n i il c c to ra l c .

ins r i o r :n l t i t ic i nr s - i l l ) i in t t ncccsrlr : i i l rcrgcrt) r i t i dcp i t r tc ,

l l l c c tu l c o n rp lc t l t t n c ic ru r r l l : t n i it l ) o r t t ci i n v c s t ig a t o a rp r i r t -

tr-o scric dc sorrrlajc caliz.atc tr lit 'crili <-llturcni.ccstcaarutii lortr

tcnt l in lc lc nrajor i tarc, l l rcsu l r t r c f i r l l t , cz . t t l t i t t t r lcz . id t t i t ll c l ivc r -

sclor i1>trr ilc sc l r i r r rb r r i cr i trcs irudinsl)rc nt lcc iz icpi dc l ' l t tn

p r r l tt l l ; r r l t r r l ., l lc sctrnt l nsdsc l r i r r r l l i i r i lcr in r l rc iuc sc arrt t lcaz. i i

rcc iproc ; ic l r ia runcle sclt in tb i ir imajore,daci iacestea unt contra-

crrratc lc curcnte o l) lrsc. i , nra i t lcs, le nu arat i i inese chin\b i.

Nrr rrrnr: ircsc nconsccvcntc lc ndiv i z i lor dc-a l t tng t t l t rasc t l l t t i

Irhvrlutut | .J9

c{tre lrnc, )cntnl a dcscoperi, stfel, fecttrl pecific rl ivergilor

factori e nfluengdsupra otului inal.

I)e scurt,nicioclat{ And cumnu s-aurntdritevolugia otulrri

pcrsonallc-aungul intregi i arnpani i lectorale,e la ati t trcl ini lc

t l inainteaonvenl i i lor art idelor,reclndprin eac;i i lendividului

laolcnsivalropagandci,are onstituieampanir ropriu-zisil,;i pirril

la votrrl cal rlin ziua legerilnr.Numai prin rrstf'el c irrvcstigltl i ivonlputeilstalli l imai ndeaproapeolul actorikrrare nflucngeazil

Sdexrminiinrpc scurtplanuI ehnicde nvestigare;schigri accs-r.rriastc prczentat'Jn li igura L

Ccrcetarea foscntrcprinsdn districtulErie,din statulOlti<-r,

pe malurile aculuiErie, ntre Cleveland iI'oledo.

Acestdistrict',rlbst alcs )cutruc{ cra suficientde mic cttsil glermitii upritve-

ghcrca tcntrla cclor ntervievagi,cntnl cilcraoarccurnipsit dc

prrticularit{;iprcamarcatc, entrucd nu cradominatde nici un

ccntru lrban nrportant, egioferea osibilitatcaomparagicintre

opinia ol i t icrlrrrakl icea intr-un ric cntru rbln, dargi pcutru

cil,in l)atruzcci c ani - adicrla fiecare lcgcre rezidcngiaLlin

sccolrrl X -, nu deviase ai delocdc la endingclc al ionit lc c

vot.Din cauza liversitriti iti luluide viat{amcrican, u existii ec a

ce s-irr trteanunri ,districtul mericanipic". Dar e.sceo.sibil a

Ilric sd fie cAt de cAt reprezentativ entnr rcgitrnilenordicepi

vcsticc lcg{rii. n oricc az, oian)studiat -to/uliaotunlor, ar ru

distribupiaor .- i 'r mai 1941, iecare patra asri in districtulErie a fostvizi-

trtd de unul dintrenrembri i chipcialci i tui te in l2 p0nA a 15

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in Pr iv i r r t l rccc l ) t ivi t r i i i l r Ia prul l l r rgancl irrcdirr t ic : i can)l)xnie i,

Pr i t rPrcsr l ,i r r l i ' , :o r r t r rc tcl i rcc tc ; ia l tc r r i . i lo : r . " .r r P l r rs ,rr tcru iu-

r i lc rcPc t i t tc t t t ; icut los i l l i l r i 0 lcc[arca ]orcct i l r rnrr ivoltrrn inos

c , rP t lc i r r l i r r rn r r t i ilcsPrc lceurc r r l l icc trr Pr r r tc : aractcr is t ic i c r-

sorra lc, i losol lc socia l i i , sr<lr icl to l i t ic i l , r r is : i tu r ilc pcrsonali tatc,

r c l r r l i i t r r l t i r r r r r c l r i ,p i r r i il l r i v i r r t l > ro l t l c rn c l cc g i l t c l c r r l c g c r i

l ) c : i c r t r t ,r r l i r r n r i r l i il c s p rc( ) t c l r l ) u r c i r ( ) n t r i l r r t ir r r r r r o i r $ t c r c i rl i r r r r r i t r i ir c { c r in t c k r rr r i t o l i t i c c . r

Vorn cxcrnlr lr l ica f 'cctu laccstc i chnic i r lc c lrcst ionirrel)c un

c r r zr r t l i v i t l u r r l .c c s r x c r r r l i l t r s t c r r i l ) i c .n s c n s u l t ' i i u b i c c tu l s -a

t r rzg in r l i tnrr i r lcs t lcc l i t r r rc r l i i rr lcg r l to r ik r r ,l i r r r l i rs t r r lcs nt.crr-

l i o r t r t t ,r r r i l l r i l t i l n l u ln s c l ) ( ) t t n n i l r i c l r i r r r l r i i r i l cr i r r n t c r v i c -

varc rc[)ctrtii.

r\ccst iirrzir.ndccis n lrrnamai, -avotat pe Roosevclt n noiem-

bric. [) irr ar f i i r rcorcct ii ) rc.supunenri i ntr-un anurnit n. lon]cnt

r t l : i r r r rPr r r r ic il s-a ro t i i r i t l t t r gi s i r lp l r r , o t l l t .J )cntnt totc lcarrna.

l ) c la p t , l t t l r t t t r t t t l r i t r c l r n i t l c v o t ,c l i r r r r r nr r tu l t l i l r ; c u c o l i t .[rrrr rn alcgri tor r r cc l r rc r rg ictredicai crr rrn nivcl sociu-cc<lrronric

l )u ( i l t )cstcnrc t l ic .La incclt tr t , -a ltre{ 'crat tc ' l 'a ft a candidatura

rc l l t rb l ican i l ( ) r .[ )c t ] tn rc i i accsta cnca cl in Ol t io . Pc de alt : i partc,

c r r t r r t ; l i r r i r tr i - i , ( ) tc / .c1tc lc r r t0c r i r f i ,.pcrrtnr l r lLrn icLrll tcu cstc

r rc rn l r r r ra l irccstrr il ) i i l ' t i (1 " . ccas t i i c r r r l i r r fi r r l l rcv i r l l r t n iu l ic ,

c i r r t l r rnur ) l t t i l l v i rv ( ) t r l[ )c {ooscvclt , t s i l- i rrcd1lc t lac ltrn i-

c t t l r r i . ' l i r t r r 5 i ,r r r r r g r r s t ,l ( l v c r s i t l t t c r rr r i i r l I t l t : 1 to z i ; i i rl t r c ; ; c < [ in -tc l t r i i r r f i rvo r r rc i rccnr t r i r i lo rr

irrv ins5i s - l r lcc l i r ra t ic partc ir r ri

\ \ ' i l l l i , ic , lcy i t i r rPr r l i l rc t rc r r r l ilcsPrc"1 .

rr rcc.tn ) ( )n l ( : l l t ,r r rcn t ia

I t t i lc vot rc l)rc l.cr) ta r ' r ot in r l l< l t r iv i rc r rn r t i r i i i a prcsitrn i lor uil{ooscvclt r r accasti l l i rcc t ic . n acc la i ; i inrp, e l a transforntat

accirstii lcz;rllrotrarcr ncrlrPordriirrtr-o dczaltr<lbareotald. n luna

u rn r i i t o i r r c ,- i r i i z .g i r r c l i tl i n n o u :1 lu r ; ; i s in t l l l t rnu g t ia d c s t t r l c

t lcsprc Wi l l l i ic c i r s r i - lsur i I i r rd i a rcvcrr ir a srrrrca c indcciz ic,

r lcc l i r r i i r r r li r ru va rnrr ivota dcloc. Accirst i at i trrr l i nca 1>crsistat

Pi t r r r in u l t i r r rc lc . i lc lc : r rn rParr ici .inc l a af lrnr ir t i I ezultaru l ir le-

g c r i l o r - i r r c i c io in l l ) ( ) r ( . u l t i il ) c n t ru l . n , r t r g , r r t i i n s c l l t c r r r t l r i c .

Innxluen / 4.1

crcderr ri \/il lkic va ciptiga,dar mai tirzitt tttt a ntai f<rst igur nici

dc asta.n partc l)entru c t l publ icul unui c incnratografl hLriduisc

pc candirlltul rcpublicancu ocazia paritrici ccstuiantr-un rnatcriul

r lc rc:tual i tJgiu c i tcv i r z i le n urmd.Totugi, n z i t t r ta lcgcri lor -a

\'orirt )c Rrlosevclt. .-usesc ezgustat, hiar a sflrpirul campanici,

r lc ccca cc c l a r :onsi<lcratf i o ccr lctor ic dc vott lr i d in partca u i

\ \ ' i l l k ic 5i r r i rs t g r t t tc rn icrt f lucnpat lc colcgi i ui dc lrr rz. i tra i t lc -rurgicdunrle crrrangrrjut. ovcstca ristalizilrii otttltti srltt lttstrcazi' l

t ipL r l lc r la tc carc nu au fost d isponib i le p in i i la introducerea

tchnic i i n tcrv iu i lo r cpetate.

Itcz.rrnriind, lcci, cpantionul a fost clescnrntt cil o Inct(xltI nlai

c l jc ic r r t , tlc i r r j r rngci r n t rc l ; i r i lccscrr l i r r lc lCrrrc: t tccfcctu lstatu-

tului socialasu[)rx ,<rtului? um sunt nfluengagiatneniidc congrc-

sclepartidelorgi de candidaturi?Ce roljoacd propaganda ormalil

Dar prcsapi radioul?Care este nfluen;a ami l ie i gi a prieteni lor l

Lintlc i;i curn al):lr controversclel De ce ttnii oamcni se ltot{rutsc

nrrr i lcvrcrnc, rrr r l l i i rn i r i l rz . iu l )c sc [ t r t , t t t t tcvol[ tcazi l n tc t ) iatic vot? )c cc v()tcirzA amenii aga,ar nu altl 'el?)rin dcducpic ogicil

5i lrin raportareadirectii la cei chestiona[i,vonr itrcercasd ariitiint

ce nfluenge -aumanifestat irnp dc gapte uni pentru a deternr i t ta

\ ' ( )nn i lc x l l r i rn r t tc lc5 noicntbr ie1940.1

inirintc q il irriit.l cz,rtltatele x+4uip_'zisc,li rczturtiittrprittci-

p.t. " .:i,niffi i :rlc ch'icii ci;a'ti.'Lrrr\

l . l )t t terrr l l rr incsr. lntotanl i i , t t tclbi l i "i rt i rnptrl atttpi tnici

tr i c pLrtcrnturl iu i trrctcrist ici lc.cl ntaibttncxctrtpl t t stc igl t t l

t lc rnal iz,r lctrr l iatr reitpirolclc l 5i Vl l .

2. Putcmacrrrnulanfbrmagii lcrivind ntreagaanrl latr icc larunnterviu aaltul .Dc pi ldd, utemseparaamenii iu ttnc[ic e

rnodulincare u urmirit cu prec{dere ropagandaepublicaniiat t

l)cccademocrata,c baza tatisticilorcztrlcatelin dspt"trtstrrilcor

in arrrrnri tclonrcntc lcsondajului.xcmll lclc ror pi lrcart crtpi-

to l c l c , X l iX IV.3.Cind un srrbicctgi chimbrintenti i lee aun rrtcrviuaaltul,

i rr rc[)Lrii - l l l trterrrncadrantr-oanunritd volutric. u sigttrrrt t t 'J,

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.ll / tllr,ztttt.srtttt/:rt/utt

l ) i l rc ) l r l i r l rc lc\ '1 lnt d- l r r t rc t r il )c un ol l t c l lrc - r l 'o tat o i l t i - l i i l t i l

l )c rc l ) t l l ) l i ( ' r ln ilc <'c l prc lL ' r i il )c lc t l r i lh l l r r r r r l i t l r t tcptrb l icrrrr .ns i i ,

t l r t t : i it l t r r , l i v i t l i n t c n t i ( ) n i t tr i - i r r t c z c c r l c rn o t r r r l ir r r r r rr c c r r t r i

si i r t ' r . r r t rrc i r s i i - i ' ( ) tczcl)c rc l l l t l ) l i ( : i r r r i ,rOt ivc lcl)cntrLt arc s-a

r : iz .g i r r t l i t c Pcrn t i t s ; i c in t i i r i rn c f lc ic r r t r r

l l ro l lrrgantlc ii a rr lror

i r t l l r r c n tcr r : r r r cr ( ) \ ts l r l ) l l s . s t l ' c l l c r r l i r r r r r l ; i i s r rn tl i s c r r r i r t cr r

c u P i r o l c l cV , V l l l , I X 5 iX .

4. Intcn ' irrr i l c rcPctir tc lc l )c f ln i t s r i r r r r r i i r i r r rta t is t ic fcctc lc

l lropagantle i.Dc l l i l tL i , )u tcn tmon i t r l r iz i r crsoarre lc are au fost

i r r t lcc iscr t t t r n tcn ' i t t . la r au dcjrro o l) i l ) ic i r r r r r r r t r ia r r rn t i i t r ln r l .

( c c i t c t r t l l c r t t i r t l l l t i i r r r l i t ( : c s ( i) l n t c r r in r r ro r r r c n h r ll l r i r r r r r l r r ii r r t c n ' i t r r c t : c r l r :r r o rn c r r t r r ll c c i z . i c i .t r r r l i i r r r lr c c s tcl i r t c ,l ) l r t c rn

t lcr l t tcc cc anln ltc i - i r i ic t r tsr i sc lrot i ' r rasci ir r t r - r rnan t r rn i tntod

l \ccs t t i l r t lc in [ i r rn ra t i i s tesernn i t lc l t i r , l i f ' c r i t lc acelca rrrn iz.atc

t lc sonrla jc lc rz . r ra lclc ol l in ic prrb l ic i i , r l i r : i ile cclc carco fc r i ianrr-r tr i tc larcc ( )n : , i [ l t i t tclr trrn to t t tc r t t lu t . r r c lzul l l ( ' c r i t ( ] r ll l t l )u fc ln

l l rcc iz . r rr l rc cstc carrz lt i c i l rc cstc c fL . t ' t r t l ,n t i r r r l l < ;c rrtcn ' irr l

rc l )c ta tnc pcrnri tcs r i t lb i l i r t r n l i in tu irc crrrporalr ji ,l t r in r irnrarc.

l r rc i l i tcaz . i inu l t ru ) i l l i / . i rarrzal i i .ixcnrplc alc accstu i ip dc analiz ir

sc \ ro r cgi is i n t ' i rp ito lc lc I I I , XI I i i , iV.

irrdrr-rrrrtil ' ipentrrr cititor

i r r r r r l r l ,rscurtr i lcscr icrcro rg r rn iz i i r i irccstc i i i r t iporrtc:crv i l rc l ) r( ) r icn t i . t rc .i r l l i to lu l I , c r r rc lcscr ica r i i r lc rc lc r in ; r i r s t r r r l iul t r i r

c'rrocrirrontcntrrl rr carc s-a rlcsf i;trrar-tccstil, ,lrcornplctu intro-

drrccrca. I rn r r i to i r rc lcrc i capito lc, cfcr i toarc a rl i f 'crcntc lc ocia lc

1i ic lcologicc l i r r t rc :c lc dorrr il la r t ic lc i l i r g rac l r r l lepart ic iparc r

c lc t : t r r ra (u l r r ir r r r lcgcr i, i r .c ' , t r . , lr r r i lc tc r is t ic i lctra i mrr l t surr n r r r i

p t r l i r r ; r l r l r i l cr l c r r l r i c c t i l o rl r c s t i o n i r t i .r : c s t c a p i to l c l c n c c l l r r t

scrvcsc l l tu i ( lu l ) l r r col l : lc cx l)Un cz.tr lratc lcl i l l )o r ta t r tcI)cntrr ls fc r i r t r rb i l i t i i i r lcscr irr ontcxtu l n carc rc l lr ic [)crccl)ut ntrcgrr l

s t r i r .

Inlruiu,rtt f ' ;/1

O t l i r t i icc anl s t r r t r i l i t r inc ipalc lc l i fc rc t t lc< l i t t t rc t ls t i r l r i to l ' i i

t ckrr loul i ) i t r t i ( lc ,,o l t t t tn t i t ' t t tx ,t l ca [ ) i to lc lc/l l i VI I , c r ro atra l iz l t

r l ' ( ) t r t l t i l o [ . 1 tg I t i I i " g a me n i ic a rc5 i -a t t c l t i n t I a t l t c l l i i l c t l c

\'ot, t)tr-un fcl srutaltttl,1lcparcrlrsul antllanici lrtll lritt-zisc. stf'cl

r lcorrrncni )c n tc rcsc i lzl in ntod deoscbit ,)cn t r t l

a t i s t l l l ts ing t r r i i

crrrc lc r : i r lc t tnt s i l , () tcZc hiar r t t i rnpul < lcs f t i5 r r r i i r i ia l l ) l )a l ) ic i .

l r la i r r t l i vonr c()ml) i l r r taracter ist ic i lc t rc i t ip t r r idc a lcgi i tor i : ci

cirrc sc h<ttiirdsc tltlr s;i voteze inainte si inccap{ camllattia.cc i

cirrc sc dccid irr clecursulei gi cei carc ntl sc clccitl dcc'lt ftrartc

t i rz iu , la s f i r ; i t r r l cantpanie i.Apo i vonr rr j t lnge a ttnclc oonsi( lc-

r l i i r lcsprc ip r r r i lc l i fc r i tcde r t leg : i to r i ob i l i ,dc cxctrtp lt t lcs l r rc

n ro t l r r l i t r l t i lc) r in ci lrc orut)cni ic t l i t t tc l l t i i l l t rc t t ta r t tc ,t l t r - t t r l c' l

sau r l tL r l , j t rng n cclc d in r t rn r i i a t t lcc iz. ic lc r 'o t c lc f i t t i t iv r i .

Urmcazi apoi o secl iunede patru capito le capito lc lcVI I -X l )

cirrc analizcazriefcctul canlpaniei astlpra clit 'critclor grttllttri tlc;r lcgr i tor i lc l i t r t i ta tcurtcr ior. i iccarcd i t t t rccclc rc i t ip t r r i lc c l 'cctc

i r lcc r r r r rp i r r r ic irr l t l isc t r t i r tntr-un ca l l i ro lsc l ) r l r r l t ,r l r n l l )o r t r l l l t r l

Iorvrr i s tu( l ia t i i onr l)arat ivn CapitohrlX l .

Accastii ectil.lnenigialii a discutaefectclcdc ansarllbltl lecalll-

parr ic i . apito lc le in i r lc or dc f in i ro l t r lmai ntt l l tor nf luettgc l leci-

l lcc l i r r i rnp t t lcu t ttp r tn ic i . apito ltr lX l l vrr t t t l ic l ro l t r l l f tc l ) t i l r i lo r

1r pcctr lar i i lor r iv i t t t l tp t ig i to r t t l , t 'cctrr l c ra l icrc tc . Olp i to l r r l

Xl l I clcscriccot]linLltulpolitic al z.iarelor,evistclor5i llrogranlckrr

rrulio trnrriritc lc strbiec;ii hcstionali n tirrrptrl ampanici, ar Capi-

tolrrlXIV cxlllicri rolttl acestornrijloacc itntttlc tlc cttt.ttttnit'rtrctt( lc tcn)) inarca trtc i< lcc iz i i in r r le a n ivel indiv ithra l.Orrp i to l t l lX\/

t' it.ctvt.tlolLrl n prrrilor ocialen maxillizarcilacordu[uiqxrliticlintrc

rlcnr[)ri, ar capitolulX\/l va ptrne n relalicaccast:llrtlogcnitate oli-

ticii i cfectul cotrtactelor irecte, dc la ont la onl.

Itc scurt, lrtcrarcltdc fag:ievolttcil;/.:i lc la caritctcristicilc lc

r r r rs i r r r rb l t rlc c lcctr lratu lu i i i t rc o ltnal izr l t oanrc t t i l t l r l l rcsc rr iz-

g inr lcsc n t inrptr lcanrpanic i, jL lngint l i to prez.cntarc in f l t tc r l -

ic lo rg lotra lcalc c lrrnpanie i i r l iscu t i r t< ln f in l r ls t t rsc lc tn ( ) r s t t i ' l

t l c r r l l t t c r r t c .



C A I ' l ' l ' ( ) t . U l , l l

l ) istr icttr l i r ie,

Ohio, 1940

O scurtil rezentare regiuniipi a eveninren-

tclordc funclal ascrvi ricntrlri i le nsambltt

asu rasttrdiului ostru.

Discrictul rieera, n anul 1940, regiune

micd, estul e prosper{, opulatil e un grup

pa;;nic ;i mogcn e anrericaniativi,angajagi

intr<rprolrorlie arecum grrLln iudustrialc i

in agriculruril.ga rtmsl)uncar)rncal>itolrrl

precedent, u era ,districtul nrericanipic",

dar pentruscopurile cestei erceurinici nu

eranevoie d ie. Nu eram nteresagie modul

irt cnryvotca;l,alfcctiv oarncnii,ci ,Jeoouzc/e

deciziei or. Nu anr ntengionat i prezicem

rczultatul legerilor,i s'Jdentificam numitc

l)roccse are stau la baza fornrAriioll inici

publice in conrpr.rrtalncnculuixllitic.Districtul Uric cste o rcgiunecu asl)cct

nrdrlos,e dealuri, eschisrlnspre aculUric,

situatd n parteacentral-nordicA statultri

Ohio. Beneficiindde o situare favorabiki,

i r l )roapcdc junri l tatcadrurnultr i dintre

Cleveland ifoledo,

districtuldispunedc

cxcclcntc trcilitatlic transport ruticr, )capdgi pc calea eratrl.



' l, lf ,l lrt ttrtisttttr/'t rt / t r/ni

l l .c l r t iv s ta l r i lr i n t r l r in r i i ) i r t ru ; / .cc ilc a r r i ,lx ) l )u l i r t i r tl i r r L , r ic

I ) l r r ) r i r r l ,r r 9-10,4.1.(XX)r lcocuitor i . ) r lp r r lr lc rc;ccl ingri ,anr l r ts l i l

s i r r ; i t t r t r lc r ) t n r r r l l i r nr r c lu s t r i r r ll l r s t r i c tu lu i ,r v c a l )o l )u la t i cl c

aproxin) ir t iv .5 . (XX)lc oanrcni. . ,oc t t i to r i i l in L , r ic c r i lu a [ ) ro l r l )c

t< l t ia l l r i ;il r ig inari

< l inzon;i .l r rrn

rns[L ' rc l i r rrrc i crrrr t rnru.s i ig c r r r r t t r i k r ri l r c - r t u t i r l r i l i tt i c i c l i t l i i l o c t r l c c o lL t l t t il X IX - l c l ,

t \cc5ti o i r r r rc r r ii icc r r r r rrr tc rt l l r i r r r t t l in r l t l i r r c lrrsrt r trrrc itorrrc,

a lr i tur i dc o l l r i t r r r i i c t l t rsa c conrerc i irn l i nst i i r i t i , art izarr i au

l)ract icantir il l ro fcs i i l r r ri l lc r r r lc ., lx is t l r r ) r t t inc l rn r i l i i ogatc. arc,

or icttnt, tu lo t t t i r t ru tcgirrr tca.: r r r t r i { i t r r r i l i i l inc lasclc c jos .c l lrr .

c r . r x c c l ) t i i r i i t o r v a i r r r r i l i il c c r r l o a rel i n .S i rn r l r r s k y ,u s c r r t l r r r r a r r

i n g r r t ; r t r r i .J i t r l c s p rc r r i r l l r r l r t l c ,t r l r t ) u l i n c o c r r r i r r r c r r i p r r t r r t

[ l t lc f in i tc c i t t i r rc f nu cxistxu r)a l)a l i l lcr r ra lc .

V i i l t r c r t l t r l ra l iqi socia l i a r l is t r ic tu l r ri r r c ra ,probl l l i l , a t ip ic i i

[ )cntru r r r ic i lc irguri sarr cgiuni rura lc l i r r \ l i< lr vcst. anrcni i nrravci l t t a l i spozi l icdccit p l i iccr i n l iruntc. ianri l i r r r ' . r i r rrpor tarrtr i

t t r t i ta tcsoc i r t l ; ipi l lo l i t ic r i , l t tp r i t tn r vonr vcdcir) ; rcrrsr ic r lcs l i i -

grtra consic lcnrIr i l i ilc t iv i t i l tc o t : i i r l : i .arrc lLrskl,crarrnoscir t a ln

, .o r i ls - l ) isc r ie l i " ,r isc r ic i rc; lrczcntirrd, dcsclr , t iczu lv ict i i socia lc,

I ; ic :crrcbiscr icr lpatronao n)ulI in tc r lc r l rgun iz . r r t i icntru l ta i rba l i ,

l i ' n r c i i t : r rP i i .) r c o l i i ' r r r t t o r t s c rv i l t ( ) r i :P ro Po v r i t l r t i i r t rr r v i i fi t r r r i l c

l r i l r l i r : ci n t t s c p rc i r r r r p l i c i t t tr r r c l r t t r i l c l o l i t i t : c a r r i v i c c . i n r -

pr ir i lc lc intcrcsc 1i asoci l t i i lcdc a l i rctr i crrruactivc, n t lc l l l i r r in t l

[ t t r r t ' l i l t lc f i r r r r r r r t r r isi lc gnrprrr i lc c i iscLr t i i . is tcntrr l ^colurr r

corrt lr tslc c lc lr tcntccon l l )c tc l l tc ,l l rogrcsistc i ro r r -p l r r t iz r t r rc .l isc -r i t : i t l i t to l ic : i in lc r ) l i l )c i r i tcva gcoli i r ro l r i l lc ,l r r r iccvcrr larr col i lc

ptr l l l icccra canlc lczcccori rra i nrarc.Nl r cxis(urrcolcgi ir r r l is t r ic t ,

< l l t r d t tc r r t iart scns rrrrr ra lr i rc r ri isc lrrcurr i lcs l t r i j inu l o ltu lar ie i,

i : r rpro[ 'csori i r r r r r cspccta i n s i i rr tr l o r r run i t r i t i i . ivc lu l cdrrc ir-

l i o r ra l l p o p r t l r r t . i c ic g i r r r r i ir r r c r r rn i { k ra t i vl c l s u l ) r : r r c t l i c i l i r r

S t r r t c l c r r i t c .i r r g c r r c r r r lr r r l r i r r t l ,i r r r r c t r i il i r r i r i c l r i s a t rn rp rc s i l r

runrr i nrcs{.cc <lc ia l irr i , ,corrpt i ingr ile c lasi i"putcrn ic i l .

l rx is t r r r rrc i z . iarc rcalc n Slnt luskv - si putinc orascclc r r i r r i -

t t tc r t t t i r t t t t t i t< , ' , t, i . t r oc t t i to r i i l is t r ic t r r l r t i r r r i i tc r tu i ( )h ' t : r / tn t t i

I)i,;hirtnl .tir,Ohio,940 '19

PlainDcalerpi, cazional, ialte gazete eautol'ltone. intrc ziarelc

localc, rlul avcl o putcrnicil rientarc epublicanil,nttlcra, ficial,

rlcrlocrat.dar n csen(A eutrur ar ttn al trcilean virat tt$or, u

tinrlrrrl, ;itredcmocragi. laxlandPlain DealerSi-achimb'.rt rien-

t:rrcxdenrocratJn lrl40 pi in timpul alegerilor-a pronrovat e

\\ ' i l lk ic. )ostttr i lc lc radiodin Clevcland i loledo, acoperind

roatc clclelc in)portrlnte, encficiaude o tlttn{ reccpli<lnarcn

districtulir ic.

l lcorronria ist ictului

l ' .corrorrrial isrrictului' l r iccra dc t ip nrixt, t tdustrirr l t li gricol i l

Industria raconcer)tratdnaiales n.Sandrrsky,ar agrictt l turara

principalrrndelctniciren ot restul cgiuni i . rmlntulcracult ivat

rlc nrult imp gi recoltele ralrde obiceibune,clemulte ori nrai

btrnc lcclt nrediadin ntregulstat. n comparalic tt meciia agio-

nrrli l, ollulatia e fcrnrieri in regiune radcstulde prosperd. cl c

L'iteva rganizatii e fermierise declicaurrdcoscbi rol;lemelor

agricr.rle,roblemele olitice iind rareori bordate.

Indrrstrirrcgirrrr i i ra destulde neobignuit 'J,n sensrt l; 'J ra

risipit:in vrco (r0de intrellrindcri, ferincl tt totul canr3.(X)0le

lrrcrrri e nruncil5i producAnd ganrd ivcrsificatil c bunuri. lc,a

n)aimareuzinl din zonilaparfneaunui concern are roducea m-

lrrrhjc icarcavca (X) lcangajagi.arrdLtskyraul) port nrl)ortantin z-onitVIarilor acuri,princi;rala tarf,l pcratrli ind cdrbunclc.

Atit clatoritrl arictilgiintreprindcrilor nclustrialc, l it Ei di n

cauza cpendenpei cnerale e agriculturrl,ceastdonda scilpat,

irrnrarc artc, lc violcngachinrbdrilorconomice in timprrl rizci.

[)irectiaafircerilor ra, n general, onservatoirrei llrecaut{.Celc

lrrr i rrrultc tzirrcq;i utrcl l r indcrierau dcl inutc dc localnici ;i

ol)erau u relativpntini bani provenitidin surse xterne.Tiparul

con'runrl acestorntreprinderieracel al unor afaceride familic

.rdnrinistratciguros. otugi, n ciudanrrmdrtrluionsiderabi lc



50 / tllnttt.enu/ c'o/rt/rti

r ) r ic i r r t rc l ) r inc lcr il in ( ) ra f , ontro lu l su[)ra l i rc :cr i l orirscsc ta l l i l i t

i n t : i i l i n a n i i d c c l i n a i r r t c au i 1 9 4 0 . ' l x i stu s cl r i a r r r r o n { l i c t n

nrc ,c l i i lclc a lrrcc:r in l l r iv in taoPr l r tun i t i i t i i c a atrage oi invcst i f i i

in zon i r , a r l i rc t iunc i r l loz i { . ic ir avut ru l nrarcsucccs n b locarca

c x P i rn s i t t n i i i n n rc r rg in c rc i rn c i s i t r r r r t i il ) c P i l t a n r t t n c i i a res i

le convin: lpatroni lor. )cntru c i l o f 'crta lc l i r r l i i lc rrr t tnci l ra d inl rc l ;u ; i . r i l ' c : l t r lnc t l i r r lc s r r l i r r iz . i t rc: ra c r l t ts . l r r r t l r r t :c rc i ti r r r l ica -

tc lor ocalc r t t cu5isc r i c n r l l t tn i l au s l r lcv i r r r l r i l icncrg ic l , lu

f i l ia lc lc locrr lcnrr crau act ivc n cadrul urganiz.a l i i l orincl icalc a

n ivc l t r ls ta t t t lL t i .. 'or;a lc rntrnci i u avcao in f l t tc r . r t l in r [ )o r tan t i in

i tccs r l is i r ic t ; lorn inatia atroni lorls iu l ) rar t tn r , i to r i l r l r1a 161:c:ptat l

r l c s c l r i sl c r ; i l t l c i r l c r i i i r r r l i c a l ir c r r l i . t t r r r i r ir rS r t r r r l t r s l<yx is t i u l

organizat i i i r rc l ic l lc ,rrsJ lragtt l ra . r r gcncnrl, ) co l lun l i t l tc c i . l rc

ofcrca ocuri de rnunci' l ccondirionatc lc afilicrcir a vrcun sindicat,

f l ' l r rncit< lr i i u a fonnil t rrn b lc lcpol i t ic n sinc ai n ic i urr gru l l) au

i r rd iv i t l nu a l )u tu t atragcvotul lccstr-r i cgl lrcnt. )c ansarnblt t ,i r rragincuLri lo l l ; r l r i r i r nu i lcg r r r l r i lt l )a t ic I< lcc i r t r r l r r r i l .

I)istr-ictul gi politica

i r r ' , r i c r r t x i s t i r t t r u p t t r i p c t i l i c c l c i r r t c r c s c ,u l cs i lc x c r t : i t c

i r r l l t r c n t i il l o l i t i c i t r r r l l o r ta n t i l .i c i r r r r r r ll i l l t r cAn r l ) l r r i l c tn i c c

rtcgri ,gc r r t t l t r r i i r5:tr r i t i lc l l l t r tc n l r l i l r r t t l t t t tn i t r t tc rg : tn iz, l t t l

i r r ccc:rcc l l r ivc ; ; tc o t r r l . )a r t i t lc lc r r i r ro r i t r i ; i lo rrucrau pr"rtcrrr ice

s i nu c x is t r r t rr r i l c r l r i l c i r r c r c t n d i s t r i c r r l c ; i c x i s ta rn i l u b a l' l ' i n c r i k r rl { c l l r r l r l i c a n i ) ;i c iv o tu r i l c c t c r i t r r i l o ra t t l c v r c u n u i l l t

Hrul) nu l ) i l tc i . lU i at l ju t lccatc l0 l ra l ;or icrrnr, l \ ' c i rul ) rc i r ) i l l i l ) l

nrernlrr il )cntnr i r f l in f lucnte ca rrn it ' i t i .

( )anrpanii td in 1940a gdsitorganiz.rrg i ir) irr t i t lu lu i {cptrb l ican

l r i r r c r r l l l t r r r t r tn t r r t l i s t r i r ; t t r l ,i r rp c t c r r l c r r r , r t ' m t r1 ,i r r r : lo r r r r t r l ; r

n ru l t n r i r i ) r . r I i nf i c i c u t l . \ l a i r n t r l t i r r c ro r i r r c o n t r i b r r i ta a c c a s t i

starc le ucrL r r i . ' la i n t i i , i r t l t Ia nivcl local, i t 5i stata l, cmocrat ir

sc c o n l r r t r r l i r u c r r r t r l t r r i i c t i r r n i r r i r r d u r i l cl ) a r t i d u lu i .n l l l r r s .

Disrirrul li,ic, ()hio,194() 5l

rcp r r l r l ican i irvc irua c l ispozip iconduri mai mportante. l i n t l I ' n i t i

l i rscscr i i lc r r ru l t a putcrc, aga d rcs in t le r t t tnrperios cvoia lc a

sc rcgrul)a.Anrbclc organizagii c partid avoaucontactedircctc ct t

orrrrrcni i , lar cpublicani iatt fost ura i b ine organizagi i n ta i c l i -

cicrrti. xrziinclu-sentr-o nrarenresurd e forga ropriilor organizapii

t lc fc r r tc r .

(-lorrtcxtul de unsarnblu

l)c 5 rroicnrbric 1940, etlifenii Statelor LJniteau mers a urne sii-q;i

r r lc i rg . lrn prc lc r l i r r tc r r rc i l - iconclt tc i ln u r r i i ruc i r t l i l r i lz . l l< l i t r l t t i .

i r r l l r r ro1 , , r ,i iz . l ro i r r l - l i r lgc rlcc langat lc l i t lcr c r i t r t to i . At tst r i i t ,

l )ohrnia i C)choskrvaciauseserd cja ocupatc, lr in t irnpul peri-

oatlci prcclectrlralearnratelegerurane au cucerit' farile

dc Jos ;i

l ; r r rn ta .Cl r ia r irr i t i r r tc c a legeri, ta l ia invadaseGrecia. Statc le

t ln i tc v i int luscrr i lar i i l r i tani i navemi l i ra rcmaivechiin schimbul

rrnor xr/.cnrrv i l lc ; i acr icrrc l in Atlant ic . nccpuscri lc lc ja atnprt-

r r i i lcdc rccnltare.Abolirea bruta le a dreptur i lor c iv i le in s ta tc lc

totrrlitarcl)ul)casub reflectoare nraginea avorabila StatelorUnitc

t:rr nt iurrc carc p i a legca onduc' i tonrl n chip denrocrat ic ; i l r in

t lcz l r r tc r i i c ,rc ' .

( ) i r rnp i rn i r rl in 1940 s t i rn i t in tc rcs ; i pr in pcrsorra l i t i \ ; i lci r i r r tc

l l inc con(rrratcalc l l r inc ipa l i lc l r ancl idat i . i iccarc ' . lvcaantccc-

c lc r r tc :cnrarcal l i lc . nLrld in ei candic la )cntru al trc i lca nranclat;

cc l ; i l r r l t c r id icasc rnctcoric 1i dcvcnisc cancl idatt t l )art idulu i

irrrpotriva ilrtrilr otirscl)c al)roirpc ot l)ilrcrlrsul aricrei saIc.

l lvcnir trcntc lc rrra jorc l<lcalc, agi<lnalci irr tcrnagionalc

carc - i lu )etrecut n Perioada ampanieipi a stucl iLr lu i ostr t t t tnt

rcprclentiltc in liigura 2. Ele ne-ar putea ajuta si nc reamintint

; r ( r r r r ts l ' c r i tcrrcra lr it <: lr trpanic il in 1940.



52 / tllanri.e ntul votului

liigrrra 2: Lverinretlclc cntnltnnici rlin 1940 in r/istrictu/ litie

. EvonimenleloHenoada

locale

l)itrtitul l,,tie,olio, 1910 / 5.1

Al doi leau I rm a

lnlervru culumatalo

. sur)tecl t la tut unto

osanl tonutul

Knox9i Stimsonnumif i ncabinet.PadidulRepu-blican otoazdplatlormapontrupaco.Willkio9iMcfJary ornlnalizaliacandidaturA.

Evonimentelonalionale

Evenimenleleinternalionale

RooseveltemneazA

LegeaRecrutArii. tatele

Unite nterzicexoorlulde

fier vechi n Japonia.

Turneul lectoral l ui

Willkie rinVostirlMiilociu9i ndepArtat opt

discursurlmportanlo)

incheiereaalianlei

militared€

zece ani intre

Germania,Italia lJaponia

Franfa ere pacea.

Francezii emneazdin lormonii ui Hit lor.Sonrnnroa rrl isl i-

f iulul ranco-ltallan

A douajumAtate

a ui

septernbtie

A cincoainlervievare

a ogant ionulu i

Prima

iumatatea lu i u l ie

A treia

intervievare

osant ionulu i ,ldoilea nlorviupontrucJrupulde controlA

Doamna ]oosevelt seadreseaza amenilornLakeside,Ohio.Roosevell eclarA d nuva trimito oldaliamgricani

inEuropa.

Churchil l nuntacd grosul lotei ran-ceze a fost capturalsau distrus. avalInst i tu io la tu l

, ,corporatist"

Prima Willkie orbegtenjumdtate Sandrrsky. lt ima i

a lui de nscriere e

octombrio l isteleelectorale

Roosevell iziteazaOhio

?ntr-unurneu ,non- Crizapolit ic" e nspecfie din Balcani

sistemului e apdrare

A doua

lum6tatea ui u l ie

Roosevelt i Wallacenominalizafia ConvenfiaDemocratA

Conferinfapanamericand

la Havana

SandttskyNows lsuslrrro e Roos€-velt.Al gasoloa

interviu l e$antio-

nu lu i , l do i leapentrr t rupul e

6entvr>l. Gerald .

K. Snrilh orbegto

in laia a 3.000deoameni in San-

dusky, u ocazia

turneulu iui Wi l lk ie

Conssmnaroaocnll i lor.

John L, Lewis l suslinope Willkie.Willkien

VestulMijlociu i n Est

(optdiscursuriimporlanle). rimolore i

discursuri olit lco lo ulRoosevelt n cadrul

campaniei

A doua

lumatatea ui

octombrie

Italia

invadeaze

Grecia

PrimajumAtate

a lui augusl

Al patruleainterviu u

egantionul,

al doileapentrugrupul

de conlrolB

incop lozbatorilo rivind

incorporArilo;indberghindeamnAa cooperare

cu Germania acd orteleAxeicdgtigA. ooseveltreitereazi: oldali iamericani u vor f i trlmisiin afaragranilolor

Prima

i(,matat€luino iombrie

A gaptoa

inlcn/ ievare a

ega r r l i onu l u i

Ultimele iscursuri le

campanioi: oosovoltnBrooklyn l Cleveland,Willkie n NewYork.Ziua

alegerilor,e 5 nolembrielevelandA doua Plain Doalerjumdtate incepesd-lI lui august suslinA o

Wil lk ie

Willkiesi f inediscursulde acceptaroa Elwoocl,in Indiana.Wallacedemi-sionoazd in cabinol.Recenzarcamiqranli lor

do alte nnlionali lali. e-

natuladoptAun proiectde legeprivindn-.crutArile

Primulmare

bombardamonlbritanic supraBorl lnu lu i

Pr imajumAtalo

a lu i

septembrio

Discursul e Ziua Munciial ui loosovolt,chom{\nci taloloUnito Aso unsascaDgnlrLtapdrare ota16. ongresulvoteazeLegeaRecrutdrii

MareaBritanie

oblinonavo ameri-

cano, n sch irnbulunorbnzonoriono

9i navale.Primadi ncele l4 zilede .raiduri eriene

asupraLondrei



( ; A l , l ' l ' o l . l l t .l l

l ) i l 'crcrrlclc

sooirrle li l 'r(rc

rcpublicani

si denrocrati

Orice l lo l i t ic ian lragrnatic arc ; i n rc r i t i inrr-

nrelecunoagte ine strat incr lrcalcctoratrt lu i

anrcrican.Printre uneltelc salc cotirlicnc trc-

btt ie sd se numcre cunoafterea iprtr ikrrdcoarncnicare sunt pasib i l i lc a f i reptrb l i crtn i

innl ig isrtu lcrnocra; ipr in t r i rc l i l ic .Nt t i t r rc -

zista prea mult in politicli clac:lnu trr sinrti

instinctiv carecetil;eanestesau nu sensil>ila

argurnentc le nrr ipart id snr a ltu l.

Astdzi, mai pcste to t in Arncrica, l lo l i t i -

c ianul poatc cor)ta1lc banchcri,pc o i r r r rc r r i i

clc aftrceri, e episcopi pi pe nrultridilrtrc cci

a f lag isub inf lucnga or ca votanti f i r lc l i r ri

rcpublicani lor.Dc asclncnci l , l g t ic c i \ n r i -granl i i , n r l tnc i to ri i , . l ) rco l i i , a ;i r r r r t jo r i ta tc i r

ccl<lr din 1;arohiileacc.stora in spccirrlcc i

d in urage consti t tr ic baza Par t idu l t r i Dc-

nrocrat, u exccptiaSudUlui radit iorr l l is t .' I 'rrisiturile

prin carc rrlrpoliticianditl 'rcn-

l i i tz r l , cc i , t r r cp r rb l ic : t r rlc rrn lcnloorutl ) i r rsri ic statutul cconornic, rcligia, rcz.itlcnla i( )c t l l )a I ia . a accstcrt c l)oatc a t l i i t tg l rtn nl

cincilca 'actor- virstl. I,lxpericnlanc aratri ri



5h f 'llrt tuttltrt/ t,o/rt/tri

t i r rc r i i i ic rv i t r il )c col)scrvrttor ir - r o l i t ic l i , ga l ln t o l i rcai n nratcr ir

t l c r r r t t z . i c i i ,r a r r t c i r r r ) a l t i c l c .

in rrrarc) i r r tc , tu ( l iu l ottrr i lor l in I , l r ic ,n 19.10,orr l l rnr i l cc irs[

cx l )c r icn lr i . )a r f ircc nrai rnult r lcc it sd conf 'crcstatr lr t i in t i f l

u f r ( ) rcunolt in lc dc lx rn s i rng .Sistcntat iz . in( l ccstc cun()$t inte

t l i i r t t ln r i is t t r i rcrr l i l n l lrcnlc i l icc : i r r r i i rl i r r t rc cc ; t i I r rc to r i r is t ra

t i l lc r i r i i , t t td iu l i icrar lr iz .cazni Ic cvic lcn; iaz.{ntcrc lcpcndcnta.

Itolr"rl stututtrlui socio-cconornic

i r r , r i n t cl c t l i s t : t t t ; to lu lp c c i l r c t r l t l t t u l o c io -c c o r ro tn i cl . j o r r r : i lr

r t l c i i t t r i t c i tt r l r c t t t r r r l r itc c k r r l o t t r ll l r t l t i t l c r l l l o r t l r n t c , r l r r r r r l i z ln

n ta i n t i i i r rc lcx t t l l r rp : l i r rc rr i lsrrn inr cc i l r i t i lr rr irc tcrs t ic r i .

( . lcrcctarca pin ic i publ icc f irkrscgtc lc obiceicva l r r l i r i lcntcr

v icvator i l<lrl l r iv in r ls tatutu lsocio-ccorrc lrn icl subicct i lor. .c vo n

rr t t r r r in corrt inrrarc s t i l ) l i i r iSl l ,S' . ntcrv icvator i i unt in : i t n l i t i s ,

c r " . r l r tcz .cocrr inpclc. unrrr i lc , 'c lu l lc a f i qi r lc a vorbi a lc srrb icc

t i lor chcst ionxt i ii sa i - i las i t lcccon{brnr pozi l ic i lor in intcr ionr

cornuni t i i l . i i , o t r iv i t unui [rarcnr. )amcnii cu ccle ntai tunc locu

in lc , n r< l l r i l i i ,ra inc ctc., cu cci nta i rnrr l ; i rarr il t r in r r r r t ra rc . o r I

t ; i t t r t l o g i r l iu n , i r r r o r r r r r c r r i il i r r c r r l : r l t r ix t r c n l l ,c r r ) . i n t l i s t r i c ru

l,)ric,1rr<rccrrtirjclcrr vrrt allroxirnativ tnlliitoirrca listrilltr ic:A,,3%.

Ll, l'I(/r,;C' , 33'/o; )-, 30% Si L), 2{l'/o.l

l ' l x is t i l n n r rn ) i l r lc o r rs ic lc rr r l i icrrcra lc rrrp l icatcr r t r -oastfc

r lc c l r ts i l ic i r rc ,r r r ccs tc i rx l t l l cu grcrr cz,unlt l tc ic i .z )r irrr irr r t rc

lrarc se: c{cr: i l crcdib i l i ta tca rrrc iast l 'c l c proccrl trr i lc c las i l l

carc. Ar conrlrrcc lorr i i cstc inr lc l lcnr lc ntc a acelcapi czrr l tatc

Avcnr citcva pro[;c n lirvoirrca nrri risltuns ltoz.itiv rraocustarr)trc

lrarc. L)x l lcr irncntc lc lu a r r i t t t c i dorrr isc tu r i t lc e :va lu i i r i .cpre

rcntin( l rrprccicr i lc rrr lc l lcnt lcntc alc rrcclorrr ; i ubicc; i t le c i i tn

lcc ia l i i r r tcn ' icvator i , lar a t rc i s i i l ) t i in rAn i isran ; i i , u < lcorc larr

< lc 0 , i i . ( l in r l acci irs i trb icc i i au f t)st obscn'at i <lc ckr i oAn)cn

'.Sl.,S - .rrtrio-a nontirslulu.r t. tctl.\.

l)iluzrlrlr.totiah iutrr tvpultlinni i rlatrunt1i 57

dif 'cr ir i , ore l 'J t ia coborit la 0,6 sau la 0,7.rDeq iexist l io ar)unritd

vrrrirrtic,hrpiicrrrnsc vc(le, estimdrile urnize'azA clasificarc elativ

s t r l r i .

[)rrroarc clrrsillcii rccstc valurlrio'arncnii stf'cl ncit rczultirtul

sricorcsl)unclii xpcricngei gcnerale?Din nou, cxistti probe care

r r ra t r l: r icva l r r i i r i lcSI jS sunt intr-o str lnsd'rc la; iccu posesiuni le

nlJtcr id lc c ir lc a lc cclor c lrest iona[i . u cit cst irnarea st e mai

i r ra l t r i ,r r l t ' i t nl r r im i r r is ttntvenitu l rncdiu,nunli l ru l de art icolcdc

t rzcitsnic cttrnpc tc . {

Accstc cvaluiiri SES unt strf,ns egategi clenivclul de cducapie

r r lsubicct ikrr . stfc l . cc lc mai inalte estim{r i se rcfer ' tra oanrcni i

t lc , t l i rcc r i i l l r spccir t l i5 t i ,n vrcntc cc acclc ir )ra i orrsc t ln t i lc ( ) r -

( l r r tc l i r i t lcsn)rI l lc i tor ikrr i uc r : I to r i lo r gr icol i .

l )c sc r r r t , t r rd i i lc l r r ar i l tac i l accstccv l lu i l r i c l l i ta t ivc rc l ) rc -

/.intiiun [el dc nredie sau cle hctorcomun al estimrtrilordit'eritelor

strrtuturipentru grupLrrile ocialespecifice ;i <liverse u crlre sLlnt

rrsocirr t ianrcrr i i . is tc b ine cunoscut,dc exenrplu, aptu l c i i , n

rn r r l tc o r . r . r r tn i t r ' r t i .n nl lntc dc fanr i l ic arcdateazi i c sccolccon-

lc r i i r ra i 'mt t l tl ) rcs t i { i r . rcc it bogdgia. Inom ; i cu bani, ;i cu statut

lrrrnilialva 1l cirtllogat de cdtre cei carc-l chestioneazdca fiind

su l )c r i ( ) rtnrr ia arc se cal i f lcddoar pr in t r -un t r l inrre acestedouii

asl)cctc.ar pcrsor.trr iri r r trnr i l , a rendulc i , va l i l ) las i r t : llc t ts t t l l ra

cclci celrc r.r ro nici lrani,nici un nume vechi. Dvah.riirile IiS po t

li consitleritteo cuantificare a numrirului dc calificii ri pc carc Ic

.ob l i l rc l icc i t rc s t t l r icc tl )c scari lsocio-ccononricr l . .srt accst scns,

; cstc lcSl iS rcprcz. irr tr ln indcx gcncraldc strat i f icarc.

in cc nr i lsurr i u d i l 'creugiat cestcnivclur i SI iS votur i lc? n cc

nr r is t r r i ir rurcni i l ) i l r r ir)endi{ 'cr i tc lor ivelur iau spri j in i t unul sar l

, a l t r r lc l in t rc)art idcl { irspunsulcste ? i u ostc ledou i i < l r i ta i nrLr l l i

I rcpublicrni cotupi a nivclul A dcclt Ia nivclul D (vczi l. ' igurrr ). Sjr,

. cLr lccrrc las r r os l)c scr lra valur lr i is tatutuIu i, r< l l lo rg iac l )u l ) l l -

. canilordcscrcgtcpi pr<.rcentajulenrocragilor re$te.

, LIn astlcl dc indcx gcncral,dc;;i barteutil pcntru stabilirea cla-

lii lor generalc, rrdcscaascundc l'ruan[e ntercsante. De pildri, un



I

5'l / ,l lr, tnr.surt/ toltt/ui

Irigtrra 36 ()arnt'uii (u stdtut .rodo-ecoilotlic rtiucl S'li,l) irlicat

au lettrlittln rle a-i uofutnui rlrpulti 1tt' rltubliraai

rltait 1tt rlnnrtrruli

t-: Republicani --l Democrali ( ) Numar olalde cazuri

socio log ntcrcsit t dc conccl l tu l dc,,c l i ts l i" ar l) t t tca credc cd un

astf'cldc indcx al stratificiirii ocio-econonticc rainlult iltctlrcl pro-,

lllcnra tlccit o dcsctrrcii. il ar puteasttgera ii ucnt careconteazi cu '

r r t lcv l l r ; r ts tc poz . i l i r roncrctr l i obict: t ivrI r r r r l iv i< l r th r in sistcnrtt l ,

gc r rc r i r l lc l l i tcc r i 5i t lc pror l t tcgic.)c t t t r t r t t t r i lsp t t t ts t r t t is t ic i r i

accastillrroblcrrril, stc ncccsartl sttbclasificarc sul)ieclilor u inn-i

riorztl difcritclor nivcluri SII S. Depi nu este scopul acestui studiui

s i l cv ir luczc n dcta l iu sistcmcleclc strat iFcarc, u l exenrplt t satr ltl<rtril lc ascnlel)ca subclasificiiri rlr arilta ci indcxul genem/ SES",

nu ocultcazi prol l lcmclc nra isrrbt i lca lc s t ra t i f ic i ri isr- ,c ia le,i nra i i

dcgr i r l r i i j r r t { l r rstudicreaaccstora. i()rro prinrii bazii pcntrtr a clctalia lasificarettF'igura4), ptrtemi

t i r rc scur r r i rlc octtpati i lc str l l iccgi l or lrcst ionati . )c f iccarc n ivcl

S I iS . g r r rp r r r i l cl i r r [ ) i r r t c i l. s t t p c r io r t r r l "s p c c ia l i q t i i i n d i v c rs c

rncscri i , l r r r rc r r i i lc : r f t rcc r i ,lcru l ;i conrcrc ianti i cratt r ta i cptt- i

b l icunc lc t ; i t gruprtn lc l in [ ) i r r tca , , in fc r ioar ; i "mccanic i a l i f ica lr ,

r t r t t n c i t o r ir r r l u s t r i : t l ii l t t c : r i i t o r ig r i c o l i ) . 1

I ) ar np le .r ti a r r/ ttt tt'p u tli n n ,r r/c t on u f

I;igtrra 4: tlluruitorii ii aoreaz,tt e npublirzrti itrlrro rttri.strrzi

nrai ttir.i rlrit fuur.tionarii, itsrl, rhti nk:elul ,\'li,\,

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t l i r trrgi ,o clatir eoanrcni i untclasif icati.pi i inrlcx.lgc.erir lsES,clasif icarearr rrnctie e oc,pagie u aduce ist incri ir,por-tante n cad^rlgrrrprlui . u altecuvintc, ame ii crracclapitatrrtsoci.-ct 'ononricru, rr nrlrrc,rcclca;i l l ini i l l . l i r icc, ntl i l 'crcrrtlcor;tt1ra1ic.)aci incl icclc l is gcncral i l rni ine onsriurr.rrf ' l rrcnraocrrplgici sul)ra ccizici e vot estenrici l .

Dar l)oate :i fhctorul senfiar u esteatAtocrpagia ficcrivd

tunci ersoanc,lt <lpiniaadesprc ro;lr i tr l tatut ocial. Jn run_citclr, c cxcr'plu, poatc i saupoatcaspirit ii ic acfdc echipdpi ,dc aceea, e poa[e tlcntifica u o frncrie de c'ndrcere. in caz.rrracesta, l poateaveasentimentulcii prosllcritatcaui llersonaliicstc cgatiinrai dcgrabii e prosperitatcac ansrrnrbluralaccrirdcciitdc concli;i i le c rnunc'.I. oate li scntin)cntul .cle lasri,,rlutui i 'di ' id cstc n f irct 'r arc-inl ' lue'tcaz.d,c f i rpt, ' t tr l rrtr-,rrilsrrrrl'ai r'are dccit ocullagiacalii. a si strrciicnrccirsriil losi-bi l i t :rte,n oct 'rrrbrie i . noicnrlrr ie fost ).si lurnrtrt,arcarrtrc-barc:8,()inria l intrc rrnri trarcrc nrprrri i rrrt i r i ii i rrPlrrt i 'ct i l , .



60 / rllnari.rur/ votttlui

I )cn t r r r c i carc nt l s-at l c lent i f lcatct l r ic iL lntt l , -aPt ls l r l l r , t toa rea

ilrlrcb;rrc: .Carc lintrc clc vil intcrcscrtz.iiel ntili mtllt?" l{ils1.ltlrl-

s r t r i lc )c c : l rc c - i t l t . la t t r l l icc l i i i t r t t ;csLcn t rc l l i l r i t l l l i l r l l iz r l t l l l

sct r lc t lutc 1lc xtzacr l r t l ia -a i lc t t t t tc i lo s r t l lc l i rs i l ic t t rc .

As t fc l , idcn t i l lc i l r i lcntcnta lc ale oatncni lor c t l t l l l s ta t t l t satt

a l tu l s r t r r t u r t i n l [ ) ( , r t i l t ' t tccn t r l l dcciz. ia c vot <lccir< lc t t l " ra t iaor

c l ' cc t iv i i i ig r r r r r5). ,rrcrrr ltccs t i l l l cstc s t l l ) r i l lz r l t1 l r ,lCvrc l l lc cc

i r r t r l r l t t r : c r r rt i c i t t t c l c t t t c l t t r t i t t t < l i r r r r l ,i t r i l l s c g l l t l c r r l l i i t t ; t o t i

a r i t r r t l i r r l l i i l rc n l l t tc l lgcazr io t t t l .Dc l i tp t ,addttgarcit ccstt l i lc-

rrrcrrt lc ic lcnt i l rcarc lx)rc$tc c)nsi( lcrx l) i ll rc t l ic t ib i l i ta tca p I l t l -

nilor politicc, aiit clull al)arccil n ttrnra clasillctlrii loar pe l)ivclurl

S l lS ( l ; i g r r r r r . | ) .c o lo ,a l t t l c s e t lPc r i tl c r l o t r l l r l l l i t i l l l l l l i t c : l ) t l -

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t r c i r t n r t t .

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rrltc rrritriri lc nrilsrtrii ocial' tr,unl ar fi, itc'I, dcntitlcarca tle sirrc.

( i r r c i t caracter iz.areaocia ld subiectu lu idevine mai amdnun[itd,

t r r r r t i r t c l ) ( )1 r tct r rb i l i t t n ra i n - tu l t i i l rcc iz ica f i l ic rca t r i po l i t ic r i .

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prorrstri itl it ittc, clrrsanrttrtcit()' .lrett consrjitlti tig-s|le ii votcitz:i

pc r lcnrocragi,,rr rdsi i tur i ocia le i f ' c r i tc , ,o tu r id i fc r i td \

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l )o r t i ln tlcc i t rr ivc lu l S l iS, Accstacri l rc l)rczcntat lc a l) i l r tcncn[a

rc l ig io r rs r i .

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intcnt ia r lc a vota crr rcpublicani i n lLrna ra i.L ir pr ir)ravcderc,

accsta r Prr tc i r i i rca ln rezultatnesemnif icat iv . a grup, c r l to l ic i i

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r rccs t cz r r l t i l t )oatc cf lcctaprtr qi s in r l l lu n ivc l t t r i leSl iS. [ )a r rr u

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i r r l ) ( ) r tan tn dctcrrn irrarca f i l ier i ipol i t icc Figrrra ).

Accirstildil 'crcrrgri intrc protcstlngi gi catolici )oate avcrl nrai

n)ultc cxl) l icapi i . )oatcc i l ca se datorcazi l i f 'crcnlc lordc <lr ig inc

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c x p l i c a rc a o n . r l x ) r t rme n t r r l u io l i t i ca l c a to l i c i l o r i n g in r r t r r |i r i e ,

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anglo-s irx<ln i lori caresr inter i te,pr in dinrensiuni le a le, i f ie l r ra t

in consit ler i tr c: c l gcnlat) . Orlrnpozig ia cl ig ioasd accstui grup

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c o r r l i t r cAc l r l c t l i i l l t t c i r l l t c l ) ( ) t c / . c ,r l r c , i l r l l t r t l o i ; t l r l ,s t c t l l a i

v r r l i r l r l .l l to l ic i i r lu t )s t t t t t to t l r : t t l i l ion l l l ta la t i lc )a r t ic lL r l)enro-

c r r r t , r i r l v r t l t r r i lc c i t r t ig ra t t l i r la r rc lcz . i ,ta l icn i i poloncz.i . ILr l l i

l i t lc r i ai I t r r r t i t lL r l t r i)c ttrocrat u f t)st ato l ic i d t rp i ic l ln l o l)scrvtrm

[)rrrcurgin( l is t r r Prcgctl ingi lor ecctr l i a i Conritett l lu i Nalional:

l{askob, I ia r lc l ' , i lynn , Walkcr, I la ttr tcgan , ia r A l St t r i th , andi-

c la t r r l cnrr,crat l in 192u. stc singttru l ato l ica c i t r t l icandidaturd

a l i rs t na in t r l t i i )cr) truprc lccl inr ic .As t l 'e I : i s i r r rpa t i i le ol i t ice a le

r :a to l ic i lo r unt, ntr-o a t ) t ln t i t l i l l r is t t r i i ,x l l l ica tc lr in tr-un simplu

l i r p t s to r i c .

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[ rn r tc ntcrcsrrg ilc l lo l i t ic i i , r i -p i i urmat contlrrcr l tor i ic l ig iosi. a( )cxl)rcsic r so l ic la r i t ri t i ie gnrP,a ta tde dcs n t i i l r r i td rrcat0 l ic i .

( ) a l t l iposib i l i ta tc stc lccea l vocrr l rcc lorni lrantlc :n ro t : r r r trlc r r t o l i t : i k r r: l i c c x l l r c s ia rn r r i r u ; ' r r r i n o r i t l l r .u s f i n i l r l r r r r1 l : r r t i t ls i l t t i l t r r t r l i l i o r r i r lt t o 1 to z , i1 i c .n c c lc ln i l i n )u l t c : q r r r t r r r i t r l r i1 1 ( :1 -c i lnc , u t ( ) l ic i i r r r r t rr r r r i r ro r i ta tc ,l tc i l i c .ornpanlnr,1 lc: r rs i rn r l l l r r ,

c lr [)rorcstanti i , ar n nrajor i tatea onrunit i ig i lor in Norr l t le r ro -

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re l ig irase j r r t r l a ngclcgcrea nei noi re lag i i , ca c l i r r t rc i i rs t r i i

Prcf 'cr in lc lc lc vot. Sc spune cd <larncni i nai r r v i i rs t i lsr.urt nu i<:onscrv ' ir tor in roarr:l l r iv irrgcle,nclusiv n p t r l i t ic i l , te t l)cntnr cr l\ ' o rs i i -$ ll)cr[)ctnczc rccutul.pc carc- l t lca l izcrrzd,i t pi l . rc r r r r r r. ila tr n r r i rrukc r lc i r lx i ra t .Oarncnii n ra i t inc r i s r r r r t ,n rnocl ircsc.

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c l r i r r rl r r t ' i il t t l : lccc l r rs i f ic i i r ir rp r i r i tc r i iccon()r ' r) iccta i nurlnt i l tc .

i \ l r r l t ip lc lccorclrr t i i l inrre ot 5i ac to r i i r rc ia l i l iscLr t r ; inrer ior

i r r r l i c i lr r r : r l ) ( ) l (l c r l l ) r ( ) x i t ) l a t i v, . 5 1 1 .) r r rc c i rn u r i n t i l r c ) i r r t c t

l r r lo r i i p rc r l i r : t ivc r utur()r rccstor rrctor i lc r iv : l d in t rc i tactor i

c s c l l l i i r l i :r i v c lu ls o t ' i o - c : c o n o r r r i c ,c l i g iap i r c : z i t l c n [u .) i n t r c (o l i

tc rn r ic r i i ) rotcst iurtbogagi, l ) ro i r l )c 5()/o-anvotat [ )c rc [ )u [ ) l ica l l i .

i r rvrcnrr: c 909b l in trc nruncitr lr i i a to l ic i in SarrduskY- i luvo t i r t

pc t lcnror:r lr t i .

Ot r s r l Prrtc lD i r los i tcc$ti rc i f trct0r i l) tr-rut rrOd i r r r l l l r r ,rrrr

c r r r r s l r t r i tr r r n d c x t r l p r c d is l l o z . i l i i l o ro l i t i c c l l ) l ) ) l l , a s t l c l r r c i t

s r rb icc t i i hL 'st iorr ir t ii i l roa t l t i ie r r r r l t izagi ,lc acci cu prcdis ltozit i i

t ) r i l rca tc l )u l ) l ica l )c .i lo cx t " rc l ' l t i i ,l t in i i la cci crrl t rcd is l t< lz i t i ir l rc : r t

( lc ln ( )c r r r tc ,a cc l r l r r l t i ix t r .cn r i i .udexrr lv i l scrv i l)crntru r d is t i r rgc

n \ r t i ts ( ) r ' i t t t rc' 'o tt trlc rx t r t tc r r ik r rtt d ifcr i tc cor r r l l i r ra t i ilc c l tr irc tc-

r is t i r : i lo rPcrso l t i r l r :1, ' igur ir3 ) . ro l>orgiacl lrrb l icani lorscadccrnrr i-

l ic i r tr ' <lc iro cxtrcrrr i a l lrcdispozi l i i lor lo l i t icc r irrc r l ta. j i , s t f 'c l ,

o s iruplr i :o r r r l r i r r r r r r :lc t rc i t r i is i l tu r il lcrsonlr lc r i t rx t rc o t ) t r i l )u ic

n l r | | ( r l , , c x p l i c l r c l " p r c f cr in g c lo ro l i t i c e .

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o llc:rso:rrriistc rrrrnrai cca cc crcrlc ca ci cstc, z.icrlii are rcl' lcctii

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s o r t r r r i . j t r r l c t ' r il i r rP r r r r c tl c v c t l c r cP< l l i t i cl l i l l t r n c s tc i r l i r l l l r r r x : i- - . - -

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t l i l ' c rc r r la l in t rc l lk rso f l i lc sociu lc: lc cekrr

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6,\' rllr t nttrrttr/ .'rtltr/rrt

c r l r ) ( l i ( l r t t l t l t l io r i r r t rc l l r r i s i i s t lgcrczc t l loso l l l t soci ' . t l i i t l l l l r r i l i ; l t t l i

t l c l r c c r t t c l i t t t t c c c l c : l o r t i il l i t r t i r l c . ) c : t c c c r t ,c - r t t t r t t ss t r l t i c t ' 1 i l o r

n ( ) s t r i t n n i t t ( ) i t t c l c t t t l c I t r i r i : , ( c c l a s l t o e i i t l l i r c ( l c l i t . t v l t l r C t t c -

l l c i l rc c l l n l l i l t l l l l t i t t t t r t t t r t : r l c g c r i ir t i l { r l r l s c v c l t ? i c c l a s l i o c i l t l i i

c r c t l c l i c i i v a [ c r r c l l c i i t c c l l n a i r r ] t t l t n t t r t t l aa l c g c r i i I r r iW i l l k i c ? "

I p r a g i r r c r r c l o r d o i c i r n t l i t l a l i , r c c l l t i l r r i n i l t r r r l a l c g r i t o r i l o r r r ,

: r o s t r c l a ti v s i r r t i l i r r i ll t i t l ) c t t t r t l l c t r r o c r r t l i , i t ; i P c r t t r t t c : l l t t l l l i -

c l r r i . N l i r . j o r i l r l t u l) l n l c n i l o r r l i n i t t t t l l c l c g r r t l ) t t r i t t t c o t r s i t l c r i t t r i ,

l r r ip i r lcgcrca l r r i I {ooscvcl t , v i l Ii l rvrrn t l j t r t ) l l ) t l l ( } l ) i ) t l t r i t , r rp t rr t i -

r r i rnd clasci l l t t l t tc i to i l rc . Arrt l rc lc grt l l ) t l r i i t t r i rsr dc i tcort l . c lc$ i nt r

ig acccrr$ i r i i s r t r i i . ri v ic tor ia Iu i \ \ ' i l lk ic ar l i r l l l r i lcgra l l r i tt avat r-

t i r ig l c l rrsc i ) i l1cp i l ( )r r lc a l i rccr i , ) r t r a t t cx i r , i t r l t;i l rs t i r rc l i i l l i l i l t l l i l l l -

i l tc . c i t rc r t t t dc/ . \ , i i l t l i t t ) i t i I t lU l tc l t r l t l t l l l l i l i t lcs l l rc i t r rag i t r i lcccl t l r

c l o ie a r t t l i r l r r t i ,i t r i j c s p r c a t i t t r t l i r r i l c l c c t o r a t t t l t t i .

7 ( r i ' l l i t r t r c l c t t t t , t ' r r t t ii d t r r t r l r i t l i r t t r c c P l l l r l i l ; 1 1 1 1t t l ( ) l l \ i -

( l c r ; l t c r i ( ) i u n c t t i io l r i S r t t t i t i ' ( ) t t v c : l l c c r i ; t i g r r t t t t t t t l ' t l t c . l l c g c r l l

I r r i t , r t , s c t ' c l t . ' l i r r r l s i ,r c i s f i ' r t t r r i l i r t r r c l c t t t o t ' r r t t it t r i r l t r s i t r r

r u o r lc X p l i r ; i f c r n l c n i c i r , , n ) t t t l c i t or i " r t t t , , l t t c r , t t t l r il g r i c o l i " , t t i t l r l r

uc t t n r ) t t t t t t i r a t L ' l l c t t t l t r c l c r c l l t l I r l i c i l l l i - i l t l c t c r i t l i t , , n t t t t t -

c i tor i scut i t i t lc i t t tpoz, i tc" s i t r t , ; t l t t rcr i " ' . ( c lc t lo t t i t gru l l t t r i s -a l t

prrs lc r tcorr l ,pr in l ln t ) i t rc : , s t t l ) ra ct l l t ' l i f ic i l t ic i oc i , t lca t l r )c i c 'cn-

tua lc victor i i r r t r i l {oosc 'c l t . ( l r r r r r l vc rs r r r i i lccst t t i l i l t l co l ls idcrr l t

c r io r r r r rc r r i i) c crrrcc l l r r i r rcc rc r rs i - r - ir j r l tc n t t i l r f l cc lc t ) ) r l i a lor( ] i tsc

c l c p r c r r t c a l c s r l c i c t i i l i i . r r l t i 4 0 , c o t t r l t r r I i i l c l l v i l ) t t l l u i , , f ( ) t l l a j "

crau incr i t r i tun lr t t . i ; / . i t t )c . , l l ' /o t l i r t t rc rc l l t r l r l i t :an i i l t l s t l l ) l i l l i x t c ri

l ( ) r l c r i i \ ' |o ra \ /cr t lc c i ip t ig l t i t t t l r t l ta v ictor ic i l i t i l t r>t lscvcl t , lc c in t l

nurr ' t i r i ' / r , l in t rc <lct t rocrr t t i l t t r i t los i t tccst ct lv i t ] t . Sc 'p i rrc t : i i t t l t -

I c l c g r r t l l i i r i i r l r pcrccl) t t r c t lv i l l t t t l , , fo t t tc t ((ca l )c i ( ) r i l t i \ ' . jv i t lcnt ,

$ o n l a j t t l t t c i i t t t c r r t [ ) r i v i tc i l t l l l l c t l o l l l c l l c c ( ) t l ( ) l l ) i c '

I r r rag irrcrt rr i \ \ ' r l l l i ic r t l i )s t ccvi t l t ' t i t i l ) t l t in c l r r r < lc l in i t t i , l c r i

t l i l r r r o t i v r r l i i c x i s t r r r r l u l t n l r r i l l u l t i o i t l l l c t r i , t r r r r t r l r c l c r l l l ) t l r i ,

c r l r c n l t l t i l r t r i z r i r r l l l c n c l t c i r t t l c l ) c t l r l l l i l v i c t o r i c i I t t i . a r c c l c

' l . )s tc vorb: r lcsprcProgr i r t t tc lcle I ro tcct ic s r r i l l i i t l i t r t tdrt r lPt r l i t iu - t r

i\'t'a' )n/ 0t. rctl.).

l)ifitutcle ideohgit.cinrn npaltlicatti pi datooali / 69

dorui tabcrc nr.r -au pus rle acord asupra ui Willkie la fe de clar

cir n l)rivinlir tri l{ooscvclt.57o/o intrc dcnrocrapi u consi(lcrrtt il

oiln)cr)ii lc:alhccrivor bcneficiacel mai mult clepe urma victoriei

lrri \li l l l i ic pi rrrrrrrui 57odintre rcpublicani au afirnlat acest ucru.

l97o tlintrc rcl)ul)licani au pretins chiar cai ictoria sa va fi in avan-

t i r l t t l l l tsc i rn t r rc i t , rarci a l oantcni lor<lb ipntr ip i.

( i t r u ltc crtv intc.n)a1oritatcaamell i lord in anrbelcgru l lu r i -au

consit lcr ir t c \ \ ' i l l l i i c t lrc l l t susginr l toru lanrcni lc lr e afaceri5i 1 ' rc

I t rx rscvc l t , l c lrrsc i rrrrncitoarc.ar,daci ldcmocrr l i i s-aumtr l tunri t

cu ltAt, cprrlll icanii rrnranifestat puternicd endinpd e a accentua

idcca cii ceeil cc cste bun pentru afacerieste )un $i pentru ceilalpi,

prct irrz int l c : i \ \ I i l l l i i c cstc cci l mai bund alcgcrechiar ;i l )er)tnt

oarrcni i obi;nLt i t i . )c scrtr t , ispunderea adeacumpe unreri i can-

d ic la t r r lL r iar))cni l( lr e afaceri; l t rebuie, curnva,s i real izezeo

apropicrc< lc anrc r r i i lc i ind.Pe unreri icandidatLr lu ilasei tunci-

to i lrc nu carlc n ic i o rcslx)nsal) i l i ta teimi la r i i , dc iel nu t re l l t t ies{

l ) rc t i l l ( l i i : l l -a r av i r r r t i r jai 1 lc : anrcni idc afrrccr i .

Nc irr toarccnr cunr a o a douasurstr e datedesl;rea t i tud in i le

sociale lc cekrrdoui grupuride alegdtori: rgrrmentele e care e-au

atlus subiecpiipcntru a-q;i xplica schimbdrilede decizie. Dactr se

r lcsc<lpcrearrurr srrb icct rc o alta ntengie e vot c lecit cea de la

i l l tc rv iu l l l rccc r lc r r t . ra c lrcst ionat supra ' lot ivolor ceste i chint-

lx i r i . rr rrccstc ntcrv irrr ic lcta l iate, c punea acocntul nai a lcs pc

r r r r r r i i r i rc l n l )uc r r lc i radiorr lu i i a z iarc lor. )c parcursuldcsf 'JSu-

r i i r i i i r r tc rv iu ri lo r , : l t i r t r t r l l iecg i i rau cei dornic i sd mcngioncze

argu rcntele carc i i r rrprcsionaserd,

Nl l i r r r r r l t c o trc irnedintre republicani i mai nrult de un sfert

t l i r t t rc lc lnocral i au ntentiot)at rgutnentc le coltomice a rnotive

alc sclrinrbiirii lccizicidc vot. Acesteexplicagii -augrupat, n mare,

in t lo t t i lcrr tcgori i . \ l i r . jo r i t r r tc i rrau argtu 'ncntc,,de las I " : in t r - t tn

lcl srrr rrlt tl,clc ajrr rgc'.rrra lihotnrnia ,onrbogat orn sdrac". lcle-

la ltc argurr-rcntc l l au avut un caractcr lcc lasi v iz ib i t .

Au cxistatn)rri )lrltc rno<lalitdpie a afirrna ozigia c clasil. ugu-

nrcntul unui , , ( )n ) l i lac "l loate i aprl lrarca cu t i r i lo rde inrpozitc



70 / llntni.tntt/rttrulrti

1i r j t t to r t rc lc o r : i r r lc ,r f ' r rn r l t t i l ri Wi ltk ic ar rrvoriza rrrr i lc ont[) i l t ] i i

( ) r i i ( lcca c i i s i r l i r r i i lc r sc r i t lc i r l i rc i i t r l a lcs.Argrrrrrcntc lc u ) l r i

, ,onr rogir t" r r f i c r i Wi l l l i ic va in r l l r r r r i i t i i t i l i r r ra t r r llc afaccri , l i

I {ooscvclt ' : r l is t r t tgc f rccr i lc i r t t : i iur l s r r l r r r r i r ru tnclcpcnrlcngir

l n u n c i to r i l o r r i r rl l o l i t i c a r r ip r i v in t lSo n r r r j r r l .Argttrrrcntc lc irrc Lr t. incur.rlc co r rSt i i r r t i rlc t : las r l -atr c l 'cr i t

l r rl l ro l l lc r r rc lcc r r r r ic r i lo r .rr <:rcStcrcl l t t ic i l ) : l t i irl l rospcr i t r l t i icrrc-

t i r lc l l r t r l r i t i lt r tn i r t r r t t r ln t ia l in t rc ;a r r r l i t l i rg i ,r r rn t lc r :v l r rcll ) r ( )g r i l -

n ru lu i s o c ia l r l l l r c s c c l i r r t c l r r i ,u d r r to r i r rr r l r l i c i i i l a c l r c l t u i c l i l c

cxi lgcr l l(c cncrxtc<lcpoli t i r :a crv [)cal '? ,r l r l t r r r ilc l ivcrsc :ontcr ' t-

t i t r i i l i v c t s c l c g cr r r r l , p o l i t i c r rr r i { o o s c v c l lt s c l l f c r l i t l c c l r t s r l " .

l ) i r r t r c ( ) i t n l ( ' n i i l r r c i l u n l c n I i ( ) n i r t r r g n r r r c r r t c l cr :o l l o r r r i c c

a t t t r rc i i r r t l s-utt i lzg i r r t l i t n l i rvoarca c l lu l l l icarr i l r l r r . . 19r to fc r i t

argun)cntc lc t : l r rs i i ,ar 4 lJ . l tc t iPrrr i lc rr grn)tcntc.) r i r r t rc c r r l ro -

c r r r t i ,73 au f i ic r t tcorncntar i i asrr l)r lrlcz . [ ta tc r i lo rcolt<' lr l r iccar cavcit t tun c:trrrctcrlc c lasi s i n t rn r i r i 2 nrrurrproc<:drrts t t ' c l . ccsr

I t t c r t t c l c v i io t l i t t l i r r P l r r s i t p t t t l : i i l c rn o c ra t i i a ui r s r n l i i r r c l i l r a t i

sr ig irndcasci i i sI d iscrrtc n tcrnrcni lc r : las i i . ccasta u nsc i tn l l l i i

c l i c i l t r i av r r to..col)$t i in tr i lc c lusr i" ta i rvultsat i i .i rn lr idcgrabir

c i i n t t rcs i t t t tc l r t trrcs it tn i ocirr lc i l rcs i i lc tcrrn inc l is in r r r l i r rc r rr r tc -

rcsclor or t lc r ; l i rs i i .

I t u r r c Iu l c l l t r i r l l r l i s c u g ic il ( ] i l : i t r cs t cs t r r l r i l i r c r rt r p r c c i z i c

r c la i i c i l i r t t r co t i t l l i r r i5 i r : o n t in r t t t t lr r g r t r n c r r t i i r i ii r l c t : o n o l l r i c c

( ' l ' l r l>c l r t l) . \ t r r r tc i i r r r l r t t rrrrocatrrgtrnrcrrtc lclcc lus; i ,lcrnocrag.i i

' l ' ir lrclrrll ' . t \ trt t trt t t / t t lr ' .gilot' i lor' , t t t , t / , i / i", t l tult l irtrt t i 5i rh'notrit l i ,

ftill (ilt t 11L'/)/'(t/ltyilDl(ttlt' r/c t /a.srj

l)ifernlt/e klrologitv intn rtpultlituni fi denutttli / 7

le-'.urirl<lsit, le <lbicci, xclttsivpe cele ale ,,onrttlui rlrtlc"'Rcptrbli-

car)ii,l)c tlc altrl l)artc,att afirtrtat n principal l)tll ' lcttll lc verle c a l

,,onrului rogilt". Clci 4 rel)ttblicanicareatl afirnrarcxplicit c'.1'all

rlzginrlit in tlvoarca ltri Willkie pentnl cal ccsta -ar i favorizitt1t c

r r r t rn r : i to r .)e olnul de r int i , consti tu ieo exccplie nteresantr i .'l is-uu rrstilicitt, n nrlrc, in tcrttteni gcnerali, purrlnd qI Willkic vrr l

r r r r p r i . i i r r,1)cntr( l r t t t rc i to r t t le r in t l " sat lc i l va ngelcgc rcvoi lc

c lrrscinttncitourc cntrtr i lp i -a ro i ts ingurt l l l r t tm n v i l r1 l1 .irr l l r i -

v inta accstu i r l t i r l r ls l )ec t .cfcr i tor a provcniettga oc ia l {n t< lc lcs t l i

lu i Wi l l l i ic , s - l f r ic t r tn r i l rccaz. c-a lungul cantl lnnic is{ lc ; vo l l l

rcvcrr in ) r r i i r ' l . i l l tsuPrr t t i , )

l )cntn- lv i i toarc lc arta l izc stor icc, lc ta l i i lc ccs t t l i i l r t lc l t rg t t -

nrcntarc vrlr fi dc nlare ntcres. Elc ptlt fi clasificate ogic n llatrtr

grupc: l . Candidatul pc care lvoi vota este pcntru.. . ; 2. Cc l r t l r r l t

canr l id : t teste pcntru.. . ; 3. Ccld la lt candic lat ste in lpotr iva.. . ;4. ( lant l i r la tu l ncu cstc nrpotr iva.. . nsi l , pr intrc ccle nta in t t l l t (l c

o sutl i lc conrcntar i i )c c irrc c-anradttnat, t t Rcx is t i l tn ic i n lt lc lrr

un singur c^'L( lc i l lu l 4, in careo intentie de vot s r i ic just i f icat i i

lrrin 1r<rzilianui crtndid t itilpoltiL,(t tnui ltlcrtl. I)clnocragii ntt at t

spus niciodatii cii l{oclsevclteste inrpotriva n)ilrilor cotttpattii satl

rrror.ropolt tr i ,i t r cp t tb l ic iul i i r t a t t a f i rn - l i t t r iWi l lk ic nr rc l r l l l l [ , ] r t

scutir i lcdc impozitc, a a jt t toare au h altc cgi socia le.- lc lpul irr a

i lccstc r lcgcri , arrrcrr i i u rrranif 'cstatc I i l lc rc r t r tr ib tt irca r ic l ro r

tc ntl rrtc ir rcs vc:crr td clittior ltrefcragi.

( l i r r r r l i t la tu l l loz . i l ic i fost, cs ig t t r , c l tz . l l tt t t t t t l t l l i rcc tc i icstc

pcricrrkrsl)entnr rrnuln itc r t t l tu r isocia lc,h a rg t t t t tc t t tclc t ip r r l 1.

n lcnt io l lx tc rna i s t ts .Dar aic i tre l lu ie amin t i t i io dist incpic tr tp<lr-

tantri intrc cclc cloui tabcre. Dernocragiis-atl ustificat prin pro-

granrul social al liri l ioosevelt tle douit ori ut'.tin' ltllt declt s-rltl

l ) ronunlat impotr iva sLrsI incr i i r ra r i lo rafaccri <lc cdtrc Wil lk ic.

l{cprrb l icani i ,pe t lc a l t r ll )a r te , u tbst ncl inrr l i i l prtnctczcpo l i r i -

c-.ilc corronticcpcriculoascalc lui l{oosevclt ccl llulirt la fcl tle rlcs

pc cit au rlcccntuat bencficiile l)c citrc Willkic intcntionit sii lc

ofcrc o : r r r rc r r i lo rlcafaccri .

Tipulargurtrcntului

Arqumentul muluisarac

Argumentu l mulur oqat

Tota lu l rgumontcloro c lasa

Repttblicani Dernccrati

1 4 7 3

3 s 0

49 73

' t \ r a ,l ) n l -

t ) r ( ) g r i l n l u lt : g r s l . r t i vi o t l r r r i r r i s t r r r t i vr r i l i : r t l c l ; r ; r r r k l i n ) c l i r r r t r

l l oos t : l c l t r r u t i i3 ( ) .

r ' i z i r r r l l c l r r l r i r c , rl l r r i i r r z r - .l , r i r r l c z ro l t r r r cc ( , l l ( , n ) i c i l : l s i s ( r ) t i l

1 ip r i n

r c f i r r n r : ri \ ( ( ' n lu l l t i

l t :p ro t c r ' 1 i c

r ,c i , r l ; ln.

c t l . ) .



72 / lla.,tni.vttul oolalui

in concltrz ic. r i dc ci i tc or i nc-anl rcfcr i t la problenrcecono-

nticc i; i sociirlc,an'l l)utut oltscrvao r:larii tructrlr:l lc clasiia argu-

rncn t : l r i i i rk ls i tc lc p lr t izani i cc lor doi ctrrd ida;i .

, ,1xtrovcrl i re lr" p< l l i t ic r i

A dotta J i l 'crcnl icrcr ta j r , r r i lr r a t i t r r r l i r r i lc l rs l i l l i l to r i l r t rc lor cknrd

l)art idcpoatc i in t ro r l r rs i i c l rnaib inc l t r in rcfcr irca a o intrc ltarc

pc carc am aclrcsat-o i;antionului dc srtbiccti n august i, apoi, n

octonrbric: ,I)acitar fi siialcgcgi n llrci;cdintcdintrc ur)ont carcare

o mai rnarccxpcricnfii n ccca cc privc;tc guvcrnarca5i rrn ltul ca]c

o arc nrai nrultii cxllcricn;ii n alirccri,l)c carc -a;i alcge?"

in octonrbrie4oo/o inirrrrcgulc$antiofrlu ol)tatpcntnl cxpertrrl

ir.r ttvcrnarc $ 477opcntru cxpcrien;a in afirccri,ctr 3%a ndccigi.

( ln august, i fre lc au ftrstascnti ln i lroarc 417o,45% Si, csl)cct iv ,

l 4 % . ) l l g a n t io n r r l c in rp a r t c ,p r i r r r r n ra rc , l l ) r o x in ra t i vg u l n

accasti i roblcrnJ, ar apardifcrcn;c acutc n intcr ir lru lcc l< l r o r r i l

tabcrc pol i t icc l i igura 9) .

l .Lcpublicarr i iu \ ' ( ) tat,n nrajor iratc ovirg itoare,l)entru onlu l

clcalirccri,n tirnp cc dcnrrrcra;ii-arrllrc[crtt, cu acccirgi cgtrlaritrrtc,

l,'igtrra (): Ilrltulliratii ltttrtLi un ltrr,rtrlitk: ru rxpoiuttrl it artrcui,

irt urt'rue c ltnrrxru/ii otr/ ti /tru/rtt utt ltrt;,teiitlc e.slc

uai irtt/tothtuhi */tt'rittt/tt r/r gtruuttatr

Republicani

(233) Totatulde cazuri 1172)

l)i/rrutlelc itlnhqic rliutn n'2u/t/itnni ,ri dtutottnli / 7.1

1>c rrn r l i r l i r t r r lrcz i t lcn l ial r :o n 'ra imareexpcriengti e guvcrnare '

l ix is r r l p robr r l r i l- r lo i

i rc t r l r i i r re re l ) l t iec ledtr$ i l in interpretarea

irccstrr ic l .u l t i r t .r r p r ip r r t l i tnd. tp t t lc l in trc ancl ic lat il ; i cor lstr t t isc

o caricril lc orrr lc :rf tceri, arcehlalt avca n spateo caricrilptrblicli.

intr-o anunritli nrrisurii, rin urnl'.rre, usliniitorii or au fost siligis' i

r r ( )uc l ) tcl ( ;c r rs t i ll is t . i r rc l ici s r lg i -o nstt; ;casci l .

I ) r r r r t r s tc o( ' ln1l ir r r i rnp l i l to ri r l l t t t lc i l c i lo i c i tr td idati vc it t tur l trccrrta t i t c lc l i lc r i t , Dc la l { r lzbo iLr l iv i l incoacc,prei;cdir tg i i

dcnrocrrr l i s irn l lo l izascr{ t t totdeauna mportanIa g t tvc r t t i t r i i ca

scop iu sine. (irover Clevelalrd este asociatcu primul sttcces n

rcfrrrrnrr erviciilor llrrblicc. Wo<ldrorvWilson fitsese trofestlr de

stiirrtc rlc guvcrnririi, ;i politicrt tti, ,,Nar lirvcrlout',acccntttilse tl

r leosc l r i rc o l r t l guvcrnLrlLr i .n s f l rg i t . pol i t ica Nat t Du l a lu i

l{oosevclt ntro<lut:ert conccpfie conrplct nottilasttlrra nstittrli ikrr

grt ,crttarnc ltalc.

l \ t ln r i r r is t ru to r i icpttb l icani,l r i inc l t t lor, i rscscrd i l t totdcauna

rn:r i rcoct-t1)at ilc l l roblcntc le cononrice. rrpr lRr lzb t t iu lC iv i l , iitrr first sinibolLrlexpansiunii critreVest. IvlcKinlcy a rrebuit sii sc

couccntrczc asul)raproblenrelor nonetare i t lscale.Toate cele

r re igrrvcrnzir icprrb l icanc c duprl {dzboiu l r4<-rndia lt t osta lesc

gnrl ic p l ir t forrrrc lor o l i t iccc t l rcv izau 1>rospcritatca,' l r rd irrg i inc l

r rn ; l r r r t l ic la tl l ) ro i l l )c rr t ig ttvcrnamctrta l.4rx l l idgccrcdcacd , ,a f i t -

ccrilc srrnt afirccrcaAnrcricii", iar Ho<lvcrcra consitlcrat ,,NIarcle

I r rg i r rc r " , rc l ) fczcnt i l l r t al rrrrr i lor contpanii t t r in ic rc . l )c sc t t r t ,

l i ig t r r i r / larc sr i r :prczinte fcctu l rcz iduir l l u r tc i r lc l ig i i s tor icc

clcstrr dc cclrrscct,cnte.

lc lcc i tpoatc f i gcneral izatd r in nogiunea e inrpl icarcsocia ld.

Nc-arn prrtca g indi la o t ipologie a ,,cxtrovert ig i lor" o l i t ic , ca re

considcrei uvenrilrcanrai mportantri decat rfhcerile i careacclrd{

rnri rnlrrc grc[rtatc prrlblemek-rrnternagi<,rnalcecit celor nagio-

rrtlc. irr nriltcrillul nostru,sc obscrvil cnclirrla a clif 'erenjclc lirrtrc

cclc tlrrtii p'.rrtidcsti nreargllp' lnil la acestnivel tle ansambltt. n

octornl>r ic, ubiccgi iarr ost ntrcbagi: ,Vorb ig i u pricteni i dum-

ncllv()rlstrii ai nrult rlcspre :izlxli, atr lesPrc legerilc e vor lnlrit?"



7,1 /, l l r ,nntsttru/ t ,ott t / r t i

lii gt trit l 0: i rr r om'rrst/ i r ru /trirtr tt , rr'ltuhlitrnt t,o h(u l

tttrri ttttr/l rl'.r1trr rtutltrrnir .ri tttai pulit r/t.'1trr tiz/ni

r/n,jI lt tttor'ritIii

Republicani Subiectu ldeconvcrsal ieprefcraternocraf i

RAzboiu l

- . .Campan ia

Tolalulde cazuri

I ; i g t r r r r 0 i t r i r t r l i l s p t t t r s t t r i l cr t t c c : r s t r lt r t r c l x r r c ,l ) c n (n ro t t r n c r r i i

c u rc . i r t c c i t l t t t l i ,t v c l r L rr r t c r r r l i i t l co t d c rn ( ) c r l r ( ct t t r c P t r l l l i c i t n c .

I )c rnocr i r t i icr i tu v iz i [ ) i l n t i l i i l l tc rcs i r t idc rr izboidccit rc l lL r -

b l icani i . As t lc l . conl()rnrdltc lor noi ls trc,avcau tc l lc l in taclc a l l

c x t r ( ) v c r t i t ip o l i t i c ,cu un p t rn c t r l c v c ( l c r c n ra i , , i r r r 1 l l i c a t " .i i

t o n s i t l c r r r r t: i i r l - r r c c r i l cl ) r i v i l t c u l t l l t l i t i l ) u t i t l n ) l ) ( ) r t : r r r t cl c c i r

t l< ' r t tc l r i t t l t r l r l ic i cnlr t rc l r r t iv ) t ' . l it ) tc rcs r r t ilc secrru ntcnlu l io-

n t r l : i l c c i t r l c l l r o b lc n rc l c n tc rn c .

t \s t lc l . an t s r tgc rat lo r r : ll i fcrcn;c dcol<lg iccn t rc r ;c lc lo r r i il : r r -t i t lc : ( ) atrPoz i l i i ) l ) l rscrs r . r l ) r ' r tl l ro l r lcn rc lo rot r r lc i (2)sc <li lcrcrr-

t iaz i i pc (, sc i l r i i l lo tc r ic r i1l ,cx t rovcr t i r i i "pol i t icc satra i rn l l l ic i l r i i

soci i t lc .s

I t : iz lx r iu l d i r r l i r r ro l r l

Accstc t lcosclr ir inc r rJu t i i r icxPlicr irrr i l t tc i i r l i lc ' rcn l r '1 .o r r j r tn t : -

t t t r i l l i i ,n [ r c c c l c t l o u i i i r l r c r c l i r ra r r r r l( . ) 4 ( ) :t i t r r< l i n c i l( ) r l t r i < l c

r r iz . l ro i t tr l i r r i t t ro r l r r .

)ifttrrttr/r' iletthttirr litt/rz tt'1nh/i'tni 'ti detnottttli / 75

Cit i ro r r r l i5 i n r r i rn l i l r tc f tc .Pro l lab i l , l i t r l l t t t r l l isc t t t i i lo rcsplc '

r r l z l r o il i r rv i l r r rt t t l l l l l i ( ) . 1 0 . , , 1 { l iZ l ) t l i l r li t t t l l r r " ' l i r s c s cl r t l ) i t t l c )

\ c r i c ( l c v i c to r i iz t l r o b i to l t t c :t l c i c rn ta r l i c ' i .t r t l l r l c l t r r tl l t c r v c t t t i c i

il l ltcriciutc lcvc:nisc lin ce n ce nrai .tctrtrl.l,cgcll lccrtl(itrii {irscsc

l,otirtii, irr Progr,ilrrulpcntnt indtrstrit<lc rrl);.lrrrrctrccPttsc s:i ia

r rv i i r r t . cgci l i l l l l ) r l ln ) t l t t l l l l i ln t rd - l - t ' a t t ) " r l t r i r l l l l r t tsc l rc i l ' d l t r

in tc r r l i r r r r i l looscvclt t lc a- i a j t r t i r1 lc Al i r r l i t lcvcr l isc: v it lcntr i ,

lus t l ' c lne t, i r r ccrctrrr lc o l i t icc , tn i i t lcc l lc r t t lsl sc t r t l lo t r ivc r tsc r l

IrccstUi urcnt c l i r r lo l i t icacxtern ' i , Pr0 l l lcn t r t zo l i r l ion is t t t t r l t t ia

posib iI i t t tc ;i crta lcgcrcco l ls t i t t l ia hcst iurrc it ' i lc i '

Ayr:rrr lo r r r l c l r r r i lc r l i r tc r l rc lc a ra t l l i a lcg i i t ( ) r i icp t t l r l i t : : r l l i

t i lc lcurr s l)rc () p ( ) l i t ic i )z .6 l i rp io r t is t i ll l i l i n l l l l t t lc t : i t t lcn roc t i r l i i '

IJn i rd intrc sr lrsccstc u l ' rscorPc carc - l t r t l t t t tc :al t t t r r i , i r t t lcx rl

r lc r iv isn luh l i tro-Al iagi" i care cste constrtr i tpc bazacun l t t lx t iv i i

l i r l0s i t r i )cnrru inr lcxul prccl isPOzi; i i lor l<r l i t icc i t r l l rccc t lc r t t t r l

c r r l l i t . l .S- t r r rrrs t l . r r i i r r t rc5 r l r i :, i r t l ) ( ) I t )c t l t t l llc l i r lL I ,c i t r rL r l ) t r l

s l l i rc i t .St r r tc lcl i l i tc pcntrrrAr rg l i i r - t r t i t i l t r l i r l lcc i t l r rcc r r rlc t t l l l ,

ccctr c flcell tlctlll l satl 1)ai )tllt ' t larctt cxccpliir ntrlirii tt trtzlxri?"1

, , ( )cc rcclc l ic lcs l l rclcgc l rec rt t t i i r i i -o l t l l r t l l l i l t isa l lodezaPr t l l r t t i? "

AProxirn irr iv .5% ir r t rc ep l l l ) l ic i i l l i - t l l lo l ) l ls t t i t Progr r r t t l t th t i

r lc i l r , r l i r rc , i i t5i rco rd i \ r i ir r ru i r j r t to r l to r i tN' lar i i l r i tan i i , n v rc r t rc

cc nUnlai I19.1,l in c lcrrrocr i tq iU afi$ataccastl i l< lz . i1 ic, iz .o l l t r io -

r r is t t i " 1 arrr lrc lc l rg l l lc t l . lc .{c l r r t ia lcy i t tc i r i r r tc la r i i l t cxtrcrt tc '

I) in trc cci 3 lt r lc o l t t t tc l t i : l l rc l l l c l< l r i t ir St l t tc lc i t r i tc s t i tco r t lc

In i r i r l t t i t . l l j r r r r l rAr rg l ic i , lT% cr i t t r rc l l t l l l l i c : tn i .l l r t l i r r t rccci 42

cilrc: lu tlczirl>rOl)lrtcgca rrrolilrii dtrPii cc a lirst \'()tiltl l ' l t t t ttotl

lJ l ' l . cl r t t t c l ) l l ) l io i t t l i '

Accastii tlir,ergettitidc tlll inii dcr' itrc r;i rtriric\' i(lcnttl t|ltcli tt c

intoart:crn l)rca (louascric.nx)tivelc 1le arc ti c-itrtoll 'rit srr[licctii

' ( ) l r l r u r t t c lc t l r l t i l t c l c lc r r l i l t r t t i l .i r i r t t t l t

nlzl roi ( icr l rt . t rr ic i t l rr l l r t t t r ' . t t l l rc: t \ r lorr iei , i rrsl

l r t l t i r r i n : \ t t t t t t t i r s t l t l t c l t t c l i r c c t ( r l r c t l ' ) '

s i N l , r r t : : r l r i t u r r i c , t l t ( l ( ' ( l l i l l ; l t

nu s - i t i l r r r g . r j r r tt c c t i v i r t os t i -

'"l , c ; i c :p r i t t c r t rcS t r tc l c I Jn i rc '< l cs i li l ) r l s t r i l l l t c t t t r t l t t

r r r r l n r l i t a r l r r r r i l l r i t . r r r i i c c t c t l t t (n ' r c t l ) '

r t c : l t , i t r t t i z i t tt I t t l t t t - ' -



76 / ,llttztttirrtttr/ tvttt/nt

( u in t c n t i i r l cvor lu c t r r r r r r r c .4 t3 ' z l ,l i r r r r c l c g i i t o r i i c i l r ci - i r u c h i r r r -

l r r t t r r tc r r t i : rn f lvorrrcrr lcrrror:r ir ll r l r ; i 26() 'o l i r r trc r : i t : r r rc -u lr

r r i z g i l r t l i tl t l r t v o r t re l tc p r r l r l i c l r r r i l o r- ru r c l c r i t r r l i z l r o il r c 6 r r r c r r -t r r r i i l co r . ) r r r r r i r r r r r l tl c u r r x i t r r r cl i r r t r c :o r r r c : r r t r r r i i l cro - r l c r r ro -

c r r t t c r r ru r l l r r r L r t i ir l cP r l r c r i i i i r r i n r c n i tu sc I ) ( )a (cl i s Pc r r s i ll cc x l r c r i c r r l l rr r i { r x r s c v c l tr r n r r t r , ' r i cl cc r i z r i r r r o l r c ' i r r r : 1 ,l c ; is r r l r i c t : 1ir c s l l c t : t i v il l l t t v c i l t l l t t i t t t r l i t t c rc r r t r l i r r f l r r ,< r r r c l rl l u l t l l ) o t r i v l l

i n t r ; i r i i r u r c k r r r r i r c r r i ' r . b t i .

( jarn t rc i s lcrtrrr i l i r r t rcargrrnrcrrtc lc c lc r i [ ' i r rc accastt iPrc-l r lc r r i i nr a l ln l) ir tc lo r in t l rlc a nr r n t r i r r r r r iz . [ ro i . ci c lrrc rrr i -a r r

c x l )n n | l l t r c c a s t r il o r i n t r i u rg u n lc n tc l c , , r r o r r i z 0 l r l t i 0 n j5 1 s "s - r i l l< l ' r ' c r l i t< l c i rP t , r r c c r r r r r r i r r l r r c r r r t c . l ' r r r r r i c . r r 5 t i c r r l i l crc r t l i t l tc l r r iPr r r t ic i lx r rcua r r iz l r r r i r : r r rcv i r r r l r i l r ii c r lc i t a r t rc l r r r r

i lnL ic i [ )a t i ilc rrn progranl ()nstruct ir ' ,rra i lcgrabi i lcc it 1>rin t lo l l -

t r r rc i r nci l ) r ( ) t ) r rn ta tcoz . i f i i lc ntcrvct)t ic .

t \ ic i r lcv inc v iz . i l r i l r tl i fc rcn l i r l i r r t r r : c lc t l< r r r i ia lrcrc ' l ' a l lc l r r l

I ) . { r ' p r r l r l i r : : r r r i ir r rr r s i s r : r t .r l ) r o i r l ) cr r l l o t : ,r s u l ) r i lr r , - . l r t i r r c r i ir r r c -

r i c i i r r t l r t n t i z l r o i t r l t r i .) c r r ro c r r l t i iu r i r s t ,n r r ro r lz l l i t o r , r r r ip rc -

t l i s l r r r s ir r . p r i vi s i t r r i r t i r rl i r rPc rs l r c c t i v ao s ib i [ c ir r t c r v c n t i i .

'l'rrlrclrrlll: ,lln/it,e r/r .rrliu/trir-iir/r opiuie dt? au /)(t'/nt.l

o r hrifiritrt' irt.furtr ir lr prtt/t/r.nta itx/toiu/tri

Argurrrentozolttlionisto Argumentenonizolali<;nisle

[ iapublican

Democrali

l ) ru l iz r r r r i rL t r l; i ru 'grrrrrcntc le arLidclor

Accus t l il ) rczcntirrc r l i lcrcrrtckrr intrc cclc r lorr i i a l ;crc r t r n r l l l icdf t t l l t t t l r r o t i t l c r r ro c r r r t i ir r i l i r s t r r r l c z a c t , r r lu ( ( ) t i c p r r l l l i t . a p i ii l s l t l ) r i tu t r l r ( ) r r o l r l c l t r c lo rl c / . 1 ) i l t u t c .r rs l i r s i t t r l r r n i i o c t ( ) r r r l r r i c ,

c i r r r f canrlrrrn irrlcc(orrr lr i r r r t i r rs r r r rc tL r lu lrn in:urt, - r t t t t t iZ5r / , ,< l i n t r c r rb i c c t i i l r c s t i o r x r t ic r l l i r r rr rcccac c r r r ) tl ) L t t c a) ru l t i l tr tcort l o t l t l cu l ) r r r t i ( lc lc or. ( lccrr cc itrscarnr.t l ir ' r r t t r r t i t i rccs t

36

2B

5

1 9

l)rfitrtJrlr ir/roh11irt t/irrttt tt'pu/t/itzttti ,ri r/nnottttli / 77

proccntuj r l r t)ent i lrut o at i tucl ine ,corectd"asul)ra utur( )r s i l t t

r l l ) r ( )1 l lx 'l r t l r r ( ) r c l r l r p t argltmer' t tet t rn iz ,a tee cele dotl t l a l .)ere.6

[)c r lc i r l t l l ) i r r tc l l)roxirnativ 5o/o l in trc usl inr l tor i tr i lsL c lat iv

l ips i l i r lc cn tuz , i i r : .i r rrrg 'J c argttrnentc lc1 l ro1>r i t r l t l ior ; lnrt ic l

l {c :pLrb l ic i rn i i;i r lcnrocragi i -audistr ibuit n nrod egal pc accastd

s t r r r i l . ) t , : i ( ' r r r t . l r :x is t r r t t r l r r j i l rnrrrc lc to lerunl l l lo l i t ic r ic l i r r

l ) i t r tc r lr lcg r i to r i lo r .ccst trcrucstc q;i r i t i lcr 'nn lc atcnl ic d itc i l l

co l r l l ) iu r l rn u l ) r l r t iz ,a r ra tu lf i i ; r r t c c l i rcc t r l r i i lc ca r t tpa t r ic , t r

prcsti sau in clcclaratiilepublice. Aga cunr vonr ariita n Capitolrrl

Xlll, propagandadin tinrpul campaniei a fost nrult mai radicala

dccit rrrarctl rasiia oiuncnilor.

() r r l t r i ov l< l r i r rccstc i t i tudin i indulgcrrtc t rg Ic lc c irrrrpanic

o c( 'n r i t i t r . l icc l r i r r rb i r i lc c opin ic alc unor rcpttb l icrn i u pr iv in ; r t

Irr i tooscvcl t , nrccl iat rr l>r l lcgcr i . .a aproxinrat iv s iptr lnr ind

de h ziua alegcrilor, cdnd ecourile canrpaniei nici nu avtrseserd

tinrlr sri sc stingri. 22Vodintre alcgiitorii rcpublicani avcau dcja o

l) ircrc r r r r r ir t tnr i lcsplc l{ooscvclt , l r rc uscsc calcs ) rc lc ( l i l l tc .

insr i rrrr jor i t i l tcxcl)u l) l icani lor; ; i urcnl i trc ir tr l l in i i lc d in i t i t t tc lc

z iu ira lcgeri lor.

1\ccustri olcrantii rclrtivA in materic de partizanat politic se

cxplicii, in lrrrrtc,prin faptLtlcd cxisti c0teval)uncte in argunrcn-

tc lc:c r r r r rP l t r r ic in t ;r trc c lc dott i l r tbcrcs - r r t . tl ) r ts lc acord t t t r - t t t r

r r ro r l r rbs t i rn l i r r l .) r rnc tu lpr inci l la l r l acordrt lu il l r ivca pcrsorra l i-

tiiti lc cirntliclatikrr.ntr-cl isttr e opt argunrente upusesprc cxar-ni-

narc sul)icctilrlr, rrr ost ;i doud argumentece se rcl'creau a r?Isiituri

rlc llcrsonalitatc: ,, Looscveltare o cxtraordinariicaristtrii,o nrrlrc

c i r l ) i rc i t i l tclc rrruncl i o intc l igengalscugit i l ." ;, V i l l l t icestc -n l )n l

carc, lcp iprovinc d intr-unor{gelprovincia l, -a lescurc at ingur rrv ia t r i i ; i -a c r< l i t ca r ic r i i , ato r i t i l cn iu lu i sdu n alaccri ."

Nrr nurrraicii acestcargumente au fost cele mai l arg acceptatc

rJcsrr lr iccgi; lc au cor ls t i tu i t engtrv/e rgul 'ncntc u care au fost

c lc rrcorr l l r l jo r i t r r tcarc lvcrsari lor.h ia r rcpub l ic i r r r i i u i tc l r t r is i l

I looscvclt cnr irr tc l igcntqi n runc i to r, l l t inrp ce democrargi i u

rlcccl)tirt li Villhie cr'.I ln onr dc sllcces. nclif 'erent e crecloamenii

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78 /,llutntrtnnlutttt/rti

l ) ( ) l l l i l ) r l l i l i l t il l c t t t r t t i r t r c r i r t c i l n ) l r i n u l t i i r r s ta ts u n t o i l t l c n i ( l c

v i t lo r r rc .Accstrtcstc l t t r l l tc to r i lnp ' r t r l r ) tc i l rc l l tc i l i tcazr l t t t ( ) rc -

g lr trcapos tc lcc t r l r l l r i acclor ir arc - r r r r otut l )c nvins.

l l c l l r r I l l i c l r r r i ii t l c r ro t : r l t i i r u r l v u t n g c n c r l l : r c c l c a S ip i r r i i

l lsu l ) r r t c rsona l i t r i t i i an r l i r la t r lo r . Lr nai cx istat ncai loul i i t r r r r ir l c r c r r c t i i r r P r , l l l c r r r c l c r r r r rP i r r r i c i .r r p r . l r l c , r . , " l "

" , . , , , , , , , r . t i . " ,s l r s t i n i i t ( ) r i ir r r i r s t r l r s o r l l i t i t l co c r r l u rg r r r r r c r r tu t i c il l r o Pr i i . i c c a rc

Pr r r r c i i n r l < :o r r v i r r s r il c s o l i r l i t r r t c l rPo z i t i c i r r l c . t r s - r r r r t i r r r p la t

: r e c l r rp ir r c n r , o r r r ; i , r r r l l l t t iP r l c l r g u n )e n t r l r c .n a c c s t i r znus-rr 0 r r lcn i t esu l ) r i ll l r0 l r lc r r rc i .; iccarc i r l l r i f t i l rv r r tpropriu l srrr

i t rg t l l l lc t l tv 'a l i t l ,1rc i t rc - i t lcccn tu i l t ..$ iiccrrrc t r l r i i r r lt rcou t ) ( ) : i (: l t t

r r r g tr r r c r r t r r lr r l i r l r lo p o z i l i c i ,l ) c r r c . r r s l l ,- r r v i t r r t .

A rg r rn rc r r t r r lc Pr r l r l i c a r r i k r rr r r v o c r r tn r t l i t i a a rcn u l ) c n n i t c i lo lr t incrc lr untr i r l t re i lca nranclat ' , rr t inrp cc argunrcl ' r tu l lemcl-

c r i r t i lo r l j r rs t i f icaPr in cxpericrrgrrrr i {ooscvclt n r f lccr i lc cxtcrnc

in t i r r r p r r lr r r c i ; r i z c n o r r t l i r r l c ., , , r . " r t t i l l d c u rg r rn rc r ) t c ,c l c l ( ) u l i

p : i 1 1 ir r r r r r; i r i s i tu l l ) u l l ( ; t ( ) r n u n . r r l rc x i s t i r t r i c i r r r c l l r r l r l i c r r r r

r :a rc i i r )u ncl l t ionczc Prolr lcnr ir c l r r i lc -a l rc i lca nranrlat a sr i-s ij r rs t i f iccncgrrt iv otrr l . lL rp l i Lrr ' r l r rcx istat r ic i r r r lcnrocratar c

s r i t tccrccsri trst i f icc r l rc i lc l r l r r r r r l r r tl l t t i l rc . ccgti lr l ip r r r l i i a r r

l l rc {c r r r t i i grr ' rc Pr . l r lc rn l r . n sclr inrb, lcnr 'crat i i s-nr c.rPrinrati r i lPo t r iV r ru rc s tc i c r r l c , r c c c r r t t r i n r l i r n r c ( c n r lr r r l i s l l c r r s r r l r i llcxPcricrrtc i rr i {r ,oscvclt r r r r -o trrnca l l i r t r in r r i , r , lx r i .r r ra ic i rc lru-l r l i c r r r r i it t l r t t t c t t s i t r i l c r tu r l r i i s l ) u n s .t l i r r r r t r r l i r r r r i r tr io i r s c -r i l c n c i r rp c r i c r r t ; i r uc l r r l c lo r i t , l u n c ( . c \ i u ; i: r r r t r i{ o o s c y c l ll t r

i t r i i n ' r r t - . , y r r c l c o s c l l i r c l c \ \ ' i l l l i i c . ) u r p i s in r l l l r r r r v i t r r t r r -l r i c c t t t l; i r r r rn c c rc r l t l i l c ( )n ) l ) c n s c z c ,t c c c l r t t r i r r t lc r i c o l c l c r r r r r ir r l r c i l c : r l t r u t ( l i r t ,r r r l r l c r c r r tl c c x l r c r i c n t : iu t r l c ip s r r i .

/ \ccst l r rc r r r i t l ic r io i r r t rc l r r r rcl)c curc o \ ' ( ) ln r r r r r l iz r rn corrt i-

l lu l r rc :c it r lc Prr tc r r r ic - i r r r. in r l l l ic i r t l rn . rc r r i in accstcalegcri?

'l ) c ; i l i r s t t rP r r l : r t i lr r i o n s r i t r r l i ar ; r t c lo rJ r r r r cr l r i ln 1 9 5 1 ., r i r r t r _ r r r r

i t t t t c t t t l ; t l t t c t t t ,r i l t i t : t r c r r r r ; r n t l t r t c l o rl r r t t tp r c l c c l i r t t c l t t tn t t t r t r r : l r l c < l o t [ 1 tr c l ) r c z c l l t i t t t t : t t ( t t t t t ls o l i r l . t , r r s t r t r r i t i lr r l x r l i t i c r rr r r r c r i c u l r ll c ( i c g rgc \ \ t as h -i r rA t o r r n . r c r l . ) .

( ;APl ' l 'o l .u l . '

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la rrlegeri

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cialc pi ideologiilc carc sustin celc dottd lxrr-

tide, rebuie s{ introduccntpio alt:l no<lalit atc

de caracterizare oamenilor,ca si pregritim

tcrcnul pentru disctrg iat l ter ioard cs l l rcc f i -c ierrgr ropagandci t t c r t r r tpa l t ic .

Oalnenii care constituie ;illta ttttci crtttr-

panii sunt ca publicul rtnui spectacol. iiccare

i l urmdrepte i i l percepc n chip t l i l ' c r i t . n

audienfa unui prograrn cle radio intr:i, dc

pildrt,1i ltccia carc att dcscltis irtliotrl, lrtr rtt

ascultil ccea ce sc entitc, [ii l ltxrte tltlitr a; -

tca[)tii sri lrccapil cnrisittttca prcfcratit. lrlrri

sunt ;i algii, a extrenraopusrl. :itrc cortlii ttti-

s iurr i i inrreaga ten[ie. n p l t rs . la isunt nct l l l -

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tirncgic e nrAsttran carc ttt irst nrplic:r1i si -

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l )c l l i t rc t t rs t t lt t rc l i l t l t r iun rn:r l izat)varictrr tc lc nd ic i r t< l r i ' r i r r( ' i r r c i il ) r t t c r l l r r ' l t i r i c r rl r r c r c s r r lr r l l i c c l i l ' r. t c r v i c ' i r 1 i . ' l i r r r r . -p r i r r s , c c rc c ( l r r cr t c a t i i r t r r r o r i s t . c r r r c l , rl c r c l l r t i il l c t t i r r c r r c , : i rs : l lc t : i< lc r r irrrc r r i cc ir r r r r r i r r r r ic r r t l l^ l t i l tc dc l r r i rs r r r r l . r. r r -c l r rz i : rrccstc i r r r r l izc r i r .s t ccca l i rr toci, i l r rarca t r r r iccg i l . rst cccl rLr i l r rr i r r t l ic i r to rl r r tc rcs r r l t r ior. r r r rc l la rc i rr ost: , ,s_url , r r tc i rs l ) l r l lc r lcs l l rc c l r r r r rnc t r l t r : rs t r i lA i rvc r i rrrr grat l rnrtrc lc i r r tc r .cs

l)cntru alcgcri lc i i toarc, un irr tcrcs r r , t lc r : r t ,rn ntcrcs edrrs ar rc l i r r s . . tc r i i r r rc rcs i r t c l 'c1", iar rczrrr tatc lc t r t crr icJcrrt ia traic la r - lcc i i t . r iccr l t cst l)c carc -arnf ) r t i l t i r l ) l icarrrp l icarcan sccrrrrp ' l i t ie i i . I )c lrazir r is l l r r r rs r r r i l r l ra accastl in trcblrrc, i Putcrrr : l : rs i_l i c i rPc s r r l r i c t : 1 in t r c ig r t r p r r r i :n t c r c s r i l r c , n t c r c s rc r r i r r n ro t r c r ; r Is ; r r rc t l r r s )5 i i p s r i l c n tc r c s .

Accst cs t . , cstc a t i i tdc rra iv lccrr pare.Nrr e srrrpr inzi i torcaa t t ( )e v . lL ra rc a ' a r r re n i l ' r

l l r i v in c l n t c re s u l l ' r i n t r - ' a n r rn r i t . J1lr ' l r lcrrrrr d ic la r ' c l lc va la l r i l l ca 1i rczrr l t i r tc lc b l in r r tc r ) r i ' t r_os c r i c l c t c s (cc r r r r s i s ( c ^ rc1 i v i r l i r l c ,r t a r c i i t : r i i l r t c r c s r r tl c c c v r r

csr 'c)

cxPcr ic r r i i l r ; , r c lc rcc,rosc.rt , l r rPr r r , ' . p t irr ,1 i acci irc i i r ' r i l r r r r c-a vcri t la trn.rc l 'e ' t dat s ir asc din nr i indo cartcPo l i t is t i i au,d i r r rPr t r iv i r .ci c i lrcs-ar p l ic t is i t le nr.arte a, pctrc.-ccrc. l ) i rc : r rc g i i r rc l i r r rr rc l r t r l iac r iv i t l i l i ,l ) . tcn r s l ) r . r .c n l l i i l r to t_t l c i r r r r r r r ,l c a ru r r r r c c Pr r t ,i l [ cc . \ t c r r r r in t c r c s i r i l t i il ) c l l t r u r . , i .r rt in r l r r r l . tcrv iur i lor, accirstr ' t rcbarc a fos tr)usi i , n ot. .rr ,le .260clc rr i5i a. cxistut doar 2 cre dsPu'suri ,Nr rg t iu , , , l t f ' e l r ) r ls ,nr)roccrt dc 1.2%,. iu altc cuvir.rtc, 'rrcbarca li s-a piirr:r rrgic:i.r)r()ar)c , t r r r ( ) r5i upr ' lpc t 'g i i r t rg i i .s i trrr r ls l luns r r rc t r i r r t ,

N la i r r r r l t , acrr lr t .cv irrrrarcrstc r rs t i l ica rd ,crasir icarc ir' rcrc_sultr ivrr i lcgarr l

lc i r l tcac t i ' i r : i ; iact iv i tr tp i

c i lreur prutcai caralc l-g : l tc r l rc l ) t , ,con.r1)()r tarrcntntcresat". De fapt, putcnr a r i i taci ioanrcni i cu un l r ivc l n ra i r id icat lc intcre.s a) arr avut rna in r r r l tcrp i r r i i lcgrrtc lc Pr.rrrcrrrcrc rcz. lx irLrtcrr c i r r r rPr ' ic , r r ) r r rpurt i-c : iPr r tr r i r i r r r r l t . c 'crr irrrcn(c lc lcct<rra le i (c) aLr i ls t r r r i r i r tcngrla I l r rx r r I orrrunicr ir i lorl ro l i t ice .

( la sd arr i t i i r r r:c ln r r r i i 'c accst r rc . r , ' 'nr [ ' r .s i < l i . .< lu chnic.l i l r r r r r i r i ir r r . r r r r lcx r r r i r r r r r t r l r r t ivci r r r l l lc : ,i l rcA. l i rs t ' t r 'c lrrsc a

l'artidpatm lanlcgai / 8l

s f i i rp i tu l lp i to l r rh r i I I , cAndam vorbirdesprepredispozi l i i lc o l i-

t i r :c . rrr lcxrrrlc t : ' r r1 in nftrrnrugi irr lcsc n c l i fcr i tc ta l lc a lc s t r r t l i r r -

l r r i2i , rstfc l ,cxc rnPl i f ic i l nul d intrc avantaje lcehnic i i n te rv i r - r r i l . r

rcl)ctutc.Accstc irrdcxrrrilloc i folositepcntnl lr rrlspunde a ntrc-

barca:crrrn se diflcrcngiazti amenii cu niveluri diferite de interes

la l i i lc c i r rnl l i rn ic l inpuncttr l c vedcrcal anvcrguri i r izontrr lu i c

opin i i , r l Par t ic iP i l r i ia alcgeripi al in teresulu i eneral ag{de pro-pagandzl? c nrelsurrie nivelul de intercsscade, a) clince n ce ntai

lrecvcnt sc r i lsPrr r rc lcu , ,Nu gt i t r " a anurnite ntrebdride opin ie,(b) Plrt ic iparca i urPlicarcan campanie unt d in ce n ce mai sc.r-

;/.utc i (c) scadc nivclul cxpuncrii ll comunicitrca politicrl (l;i-

g u r i r l ) .

Astfcl, cxisrii o relapic ogicri ntrc autocvaluareasubiecpilor

chcstiorragi i cc lc la ltc conrponcnte le cceace noi nurninr , ic()nr-

1>lcxul lc ntcrcsc". Tocrnai de aceea, st inrareanteresulu icstcrrn nrccrrnisrrr rrliclde clasificare.Ca s'tr anriliariz:Imcititonrl cuirccsr.c ivc lrrr i lc intcrcs, i l rcvor t rca rn o l rnajormai t i i rz . i r r ,cvorn ntoarcc rcunl a unclc apl icapi i rc l in t inarc.

Iiigrrra ll: Ca nit ortnetii sunt nni intercsaJi lea/egeri,cu ak?t rru

rttni rttrr//r, piuii asupra pnblenelor po/itice rlezbritute,

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rttrt tttrtrr ptopaga nda e/ectoru/ti

Anvorgura

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do opinii

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propagandeParticiparea

(741 3er (186) (273) (33) (186) 273) (33)

r l6l6pssmare c--:r nteresmediu r---r Lipsdds interes ( ) Totalulde cazuri



'9) / ,llatni.rntt/ ttt/ultri

( l i r rc strnL )l lnreni i nteresrr l i?

s c p o t . l l t i r r c r c / .u l t : l t c r i l t i s t i c c u l l r , J ia r i l s p t rn s r r r il rs Pc c r t l a ; i i

P rc l i t l r i r t a r c .) r i r t r a o s i l r i l i t ; t t cr i r c la g i l l i r r t r c ta t r r t r r lc ( )n o n 1 c5i g r r rd r r llc irrrcrcs:r l crsorrnci.n c , rz , r r lnui n ivcl dc t ra i sc:r ; / .ur,s c l ) ( ) r r t c) r c s u l ) t ' l r cr i n < l i v i r l r r lr l c z . r ' o l t i r tn a ip t r r i l c c i r r r l l r r r il ci t t t c r c s i l l : r t c l c .c lu cs - i r u l c z v . l t r r r r r r r tr r l l c r i c , l< l c : r l i s D l l r c i rt l i t rc r t t rz ; tlcz . r r rn i ig i r i l r ) rc l ) ( : ta tc .)c r tccc i r .c - i l l l . t l tc l ) t i l l to lrr lcrr i ic l l u lr rr iv 'c l ocio-ccorrorrr icc t l r rss l i frc rn i r iPr r t i t r r r tc rcsa t i lcl r lcgcr i . ' . t l r r r : r r t i r ri r r r r r i r l i ls tc , lcs i l { r r r ,rn i rc to r arc nflucr)fcaz: ii r t r r r r t l l i r c . r r i ' c l r r l r l c r t c r c s . )1 r r t r l n r t l r l r : . n r ' r i c s i c < l r c l r r i i rs t t r r f t r i r r r sc l l i r t ( 'n t r c t : l c . ; r r ( r l r c ,l ) c n tn ta c v l r l t r r ( ) r . c s l )u r l -z r i t o r l t : c 5 t ir r t : t o r i ,l c l r r r i c ; i c s t r r t l i c r r rn l l r r c n ta f ' c c t i v i in rn o ds i r r rr tan .

L ' ,c lucrrt irri r r i ' c lu lSI , ,s Pi r rs i i r ib i i i r rrportantiapr.x inrat ivc g : r l i i n c rc i l t c i ri r n c n g i r r c r c r rn t c r c s r r l r r iPo l i r i c i i g r r ra Z) . ) a c r i

arrr Irc lc r rn t i r l ic i r tc , t rc i r l rc l i r r t rcoanrcrr i r ran i l ' cs t i ir rr ntcrcsr ) ) i r r cl ) c n t r r r ; r l c g c r i ;l r r c i i rD l r c l c r i l ) t : i c i i / . i l [ c .r c c a s t r il ) r ( ) l x ) r [ i ccolroarr i i ro cirrc irrrc.,r 2 , , , . ' , lc : ry l j l ly . ,c i r lo i i rc t r l r i c conlt)cn_sca/. i i l [ ) r ( )x i l lL l t tvr r r r r l1 lccc l j la l t .

[ ) i l i ' r c r r l c l c l c i t t t c r c s t t t r c o t r r r u r i r l l i i c c l r r r l r i r r r i i] l s u n ri l t i l t c lc r r r i r r iPc t : i t r rc - i r r r rl )u rc i l l f tc l ) ta la.r inc g i r td in r l i rs tcrco-t i l r t r l l ' r r r r i c r r r l r r iz o l l r . r r r r. i ( ) ' i i ,l i r rp o p r r l r r r i i rr r l l r r ) i i i z . \ , ) ( , i nc c r rc i l r c k rc r r i c s t cr r l c r ru c s r r r rn l r c i r l i t i i l i l c r r o p o p r r l i r t i c ra i

r r r ic : i lc 2..5(x)lc loc r r i to r i - l r ru t ( )cv i l l r r r r tr r :c l r r r r r ir r i r l tn ivc l r ici l r t c r c s . \ c c s t l r r c r r r . : r t c l i s p c t ; i { r cl ' u r p c r r t r r r l i s t r i c t t r l i r i c .L . c : r r i t , r i i c c n t r r r l r r ir r l l r u r . s r r r r r r r r s l i , ; ' n ut r i r s r ,n g c n e ra l ,J i f c r i l rt lc vcc in i i lor t lc l i r fL . r r r rc ,l ) ( ) i r tc ( )c l .n r r il lcntnr c i l santlrrskvnuc.stc )n rc t r ( ) l ) ( ) l i i ,l r r .n ; r t lc tL.rnrc arc nc<rnjoari iragrr l s tebinet cz,r'oltlrtrl.

, , \ t r r n c i i n r l r l c r c r r r r i r r l i n rr l r r l v i r s t c i , r c l l r i c s i i i n c n r .n t d el i r c t . r r l c d .c r r r i c i . r r r r l r i . r c l c l c r . c . i i . . i ' c l r l g c r r c ra la l c t l r r c a r i c rr l c r c s c l l tc o v i rp i t o r r r S ta tc l c l r r i t c . ) r i n r r rn a rc , c l l c ta l i an la lt i r l i r r i ; l rc urr r i 'c l t lc cr lrrcrr t ic ra i r i t l ic i r t , n r r rcc l ic : ,i r t i l dc

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Numer otalde cazuri(interviul in mai)

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gcncr i l t i i l t t i t iv i rs t r t ic i i .)c accca,l )c t l t r t la s t r r l l i l i l r l ) t tc r t l r t i rs tct

t rcb r r ics i l nc oc t tp i i t t r lc ca scl)anlt ,1 lcccl p t rg in l< l l r r \t ivc l t r r i lc

c r l t c l t t . ic .

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t rc l tu ic t rccu t l ic t t vcclcrcrt., ls tc l inc ( )1 l tc r loan tc t t i i i t tc : r i i i sc

rc t r i l , { i ilc r1tc ccttal lo l i t ic r i? ccs t t tc r t tar c t l t t t l t tcci t o t t t r t i t t l t rc

stabi l i ta tca vrct i i pol i t icc.c lar, tr acelrrp ii t t tp .ar qi pr iva-odc utt

surplt ts le ttcrg ic ; ide v i t l l i ta tc ,ccci lcc ar l rcg rct t l r i l l i r rp t t t lc t t t l

dc vct lcrc a l r lcz . r 'o lt i i r i i iv icc. La r r t icc r r ivc l , l i l ' c rc t t t r t l i t t t tc

cxl)cr icnta a l t tc r ic l tn i i i cc lt europeltn i i . t r i tccastr i r iv i r r t r i . st c

l ix i r tc c la r i i ; n nripcair i lclo l i t icc r le I : } r r t l l lc i tn tcbc l i t :c , i t lc rc t t t I

r t i rs t irartc tc t i r ' .



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NumArota l o cazuri(interviul in mai)

l , ,x is t r i ;i prc jrr t lcc ir talx ) t r iv i t c i irc ia 'crrrc i lc t rn t n la i l ' ) r r t ini t r t c r c s i t t cl c l l o l i t i c r il c t i t l l l l r l r r r l i i .r : c s t r r r : r r rt { o s tv c r i l j c : r r tl c :

r l l t t c l c ) ( ) i r s t r c .n s o r rd i r j r r ll i n r r r r r i , 3 . l 1 1 6l i r r t r c r i r l r a g i i r r r r n ra i

Z.\9h intrc lcrnci au rrr :rn i lcsrat l t n ) i l rc ntcres l)cntru alcgcri.

[ )c sc t t r t , )crs(). ln irc i l ) r i l i r r tc rcs r r t i in a lcgcri s tc n )a ip ro l r r r l l i l

sl sc r l lc rr zorrc lc rr l xrnc, r intrc r .Jr lrut i t :rrr ivc l r t l icat c c t l r r -

c l r t i c , r ru l l s t r r t u t o t ' i o - c t ;o n o l r r i ci t l i c a t ; i , l c a s c r r t c n c a ,n g r r r -

l l t t r i lc crr nct l ic r lc v i rs t r i t ra i i r l ica t r i .

( je i r r r r r r i ' e t l r rs r i r r rp l ic i r rc rr r : irrrrpunic: rbscrrtes t t r l

' l 'cstu ldc l ln i to r i r ral in tcrcsulrr il tL rb l icagri c a lcgerr i src ) i l r r ic i -

l)arca ca l i i r tvo t . n l1/-{0,l is t r ic ru l i r ic a r t rcg is t r i r t r t rccor( l Jl

[)rcz.cn[c ia rrrrrc lc 8 l ' /o .Ac:cstr rc r t r -a ct lcctat r l ) r ( ]a l rcl lc r fcc t

19"/"

I'nrtitiparm thyui 1,95

5i rr c l r r r r t i6n l l lpost l t . unJe 827od in t rc cci 51 1 de oanretr i t r te r -

v icv it t t t l tc r io r t l t ( lcc larat d vo t l lsc r i i .

( jc r rr r ra i ) t i t rc )ro lx)r[ ic leAl lscn te i$ t i corcsl)utrs t l l l ivc l t l l

( .c l nai sc i iz t t t lc i t r tercs.Rata dc l l)scnteis ln n caztt lo i l l l lcn i lo r

l ips i l i r lc irrrcrcs )cnrru r lcgcria t i rs tdc lu ori nra i nraredccet n

c i rz r t( ) r t rc t t o r i t t .c rcs i t l( i ig t r a 14).

i \ l lscp t i r l i r \ ' ( ) t cstc ol ) r ( ) l ) lc t ) )A

cr i ( ) i ls i lt r t r -< l le t t t r )c r : l I ic .

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lrrrnrajrrritatc tl.t ll)sct)tatricliberril;itrlctonrllric, a ttltimttlitttcrvitt

tlirririrrtc lc alctcri. Z()o/o*enlion'.lu s'.1 otcT.c ;i Ptiarr$i pe:ntrtl

cinc,Tltovoirtttsli rotczc,dilr l)tl gtilttt trc{ l)clltrtl cinc, iar 64(/omr

irvc: irur ic io i t r tc r r l ic lc v r l t . . l t ta l tc c t lv i l l tc r , lo t t : Il i t r rc i l l l )sc t l lc

l r t t r t r rc :l t t l i )s t i t l tc t l l i ( ) t l r l tc i l l rc l t rc t l i ta tc '1 ) ( ) t r iv i t lcc la r i r l i i l t t r

I r lcg r i t1 r r i lg r .)a r , lr iarq; ip cele la ltc az t l r i , ln i i d i l l t re cei careau

i l l )sc t r t t r t tt l ) rcZcl) tat r t rac te r is t ic ii r t t i la rc elor care a t t f i lc t l t -0

i t r t c t o t t i t t .

l ) i r r t rc oat)tc1i i c l l rc t t l t a t l da t c t l rs l l tc l ' l I ic ide vo t , n t t l l l i l l

Juutdtutcatt ilvtlt Lll-ll lotiv intenreiat:aU rlstbolnavi szr1 actlserii

o grctcirlii cgati clc egllile de nscrierepe isteleelectorale.Ccilalti

ltu fuscscrilniciotlati-trttcresagi e alegcri, ;i ntotil 'ele )e carc c-atl

liigrrrrr l{'. 1l/l1'tt.lrtrr t'rtl sle oJitttc/ie ti't:c/ului /e rtrovs

Nivelul o nteresn octombie

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Numar otalde cazuri

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s( ) r t l l rc i l lcrc lor", , ,crau )rca nult i o i ln tcnicAre1 l ) rc l ) txut rc rx rc l i i

l l t r r r r c " t c .

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i r t t t l t i r r r r r l r()n lcnt. . f rnr i trr tcl in trc: lccstcrri i rgrc iru i l l ldc l .a l ) r ( ) -

l r i r t t r r c g i t l r i r r ; i s t r r r lc c c i r l o r i r r r t l i t l ; r f i ,r l i r ; i l - r r u l c t ; i sr r l r r r r l

r r t t , t 1y l r t r - ' / . cl c k r t : . ' c : r r t r r r c i l l ; r l t i lu n t r i l l l l c c i r r r c g i s tn l s c rl l

i r r tc rcsa t i r t lc sc i iz . r r ti r l l r lc r r lcgcr i . n t in r l r r r li r r t rcg i i

scr i i r lc

i r r t c n ' i r r r i , ; i c i i r r p i s i r r ro l c r i r u r i t c l c l ) u r in c c x l l l i c r r t i il ) c l t t r r ri r r r lcc iz . iar r , r rc i r t ccgtia unt cci n t i l i n n r l isu r i i i l ic ct ic lrctapi

t lrcpr a lrscrrtc ist i lc l i l lc ra t .Pc dc i r l t r iprrr tc, i t iv i r srrh icct ic l in

g r t r l l t r lacc: i t()ntl i r r r r r l t l 11111q1i rs t i l ls ig i c intcrcs )cntnt a lcgcrr,

insd r r t rvct lcrrrr ic i o r l i fc rcn t l i n trc cci t lo i c lrnt l idat i l ruconsi-

dcratt ci.i otul nrr ol'criio rcz.olvlrrcr ltroblcrrrclorcotitlicnc.

( j : lrcz . t r l ta t c t , t rc i s lL ' r tu r i l i r r trc rbsc:ntc iStir rstrr t< lc l i l lcn r t

r l c o p r r r t c r r z i r r r r i r r t r l t il c r r t n l c r i c r r l u :o n rp l c t l c z , i r r t c r c s l r l il c

ir lcgcri .Accs t l i rpt tn t r r t ; r i rrorrr ir r r r r in r lrs r r l ) r r lt ) t rcg i ipro l l lcntc

a cctt i tcanulrr i arc nu rr r tc i rz t i . r r r r ta i rrr tr icn l tn t i i r lc rxrrncnr

nu ar . r cu ; i t s i i -s icx l l r i r lc vo t r r l d in cauz,a nor rtrgcntc rcale.

I )os i l> i l i ta tc r r' rr c lor ho t i i r i l is l i n r t votczc s l i c f ic t rc ; / . i tn tcrcslt l

r l c -u t t r r g r t l' r r r r r p r rn i c ir r ) s r c ( lu \ i i ; l c t z i r r o r l c r rn r rv o t r r l r s t

l ) r c i l ) t l ( c n r i t i l .\ r l l l i r s t r c v o ic c r rnl ) t r l g r i l u ll c c t l r r t r r t i c: i v i c i i

r l c l t r t r g r i l t t r i r t i il ) c n tn ra i r t r a g c r s t t c l l c o a r r r c r r ir r o r l l i t r r i c t i i

p o l i t i c c s i s r r r r t c L c s iu c , c v i i t o r , s t r r t l i i ; r r r c i i r c l c r , cn a t r r r r l

s l l c c i f r c r ir i p s t ' i r r l c r r t c r c s .Ihc r r i rnp i r r l lc l l lanir l iza latc lornoirstrc [ t ur] l)ar i ) l i r i lc l)artc,

\ ' ( )n ) r rvc i lo I )c rs l )cc t iv r i- I . l r r i1 l r ( r f t r r rd r ils t r l ) r i ll t r ( ) l t lc r r rc i .)ot f i

i r rrp l icatc5i r r r rc lc r i is2 i tu r il )crsonir lc r iu r i r rc . ) . r r t l i lc rc r r tadc

a t i t t r d i r r cr r l r i v in tu b s c n tc i l c l i l l c r r r t cl c a v o t - t l i r r r r c l r r n c n i i

t : t t r r r t i l l ) u l t r - t ( l u c ; r1 i c r ; i' c i c r r r n r r i l t r t i r r r i t l r r c r r l i c p o r r t c i

c x p l i c r t t r i r i r r r o t i r t r r c al c i t r t c r c s .

[ ) : r c i i r i v c l r r l r l cn tc r c . ss tcn rc n l i n l r t ( ) l l s ta n t ,i v c l t r l l c c t l r r -

c i l I i c r ) u n r i r i l c t c r r r r i r r r il : r r i l i l c r c n tc 1 , ' i g r r ra.5 ) . l r s c r r t l rl c l r -

l rc r r t t r i lc l r tvot sc r r r r l r l i t ic : il )c )t i lsuni c inrcrcsulscarlc,ar,daci i

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I)a ci tt te I t i rt etYs ui es rru t i tt t nrt't fu t , rr/uut rt

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Totalul o cazuri interviul

Ct t

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rtull'_rl , ltll*"1ltL_l(s86)

vorvota

o pcrsoarr i s tc t) tcrcSatl l ,l v l l v1 ; ta l t l i l -c lc t l t lc n ivc l t t l lc c t l t t -

catic. Pe tlc altrl parte,dac.inu este nteresarii, stc foxrtc Prollallil

cii nll va \'ota n nici un caz'

() inragincs imi la r {a re ie$itpentru oanrcni is i t t ra l iPc c l i t ' c r i te

r r ivc l r r r i ocio-ccot)<lr l t icq.)c l ] t r l t ci c t t ip r r r i l i fc r i tc lc rcz i t lc r l l r \

sr lu r l ) l l r t in in t lr t t to rgn t l t t t r i rc l ig i r t lscor i t lc v i i rs t r t l i l ' c r i tc ' ) r r r

rc l .u l t l t t t t l s tcc l t ( ) tU la l t t l l lac i l t tdm?r t otrs it lcrare cXl l ls t t l l icc -

g i lor l tcst iorragil i ig t r r l l ( r ) .

I)il 'crcnf a tlc sc:xestc sillgtlra lintrc triisAtttrile crsotlalc:: i l rcal'cctcazita[sclta la vot inrlepetdctt /c iltt:rYs. ]rrciit llll grtll) estc

inrcrcsar lnai l)lrlin cle alcgcri, cu atat l'r ' l i l i rareva fi llroccntajttl

f 'enreiklrprintrc cci care rlu vor mcrgc l' l ttrtre.D'lc' i tl t 'cttrcic tt t

cstc l l t te rcsa t i i , i t considcr i Ct int l arc n iCi tn scnSSi ivotcZC. l tt

ltirrllrrt c allii srtlr l prcsittncs(x:ialiI li l i nlilrc ;i, tlc itcccrt,ril ' l lcrgL'

la r trncc l t i l r r lac i ln t l CStc , i t l tCrcSi l t "c cvCtr i t t tc l l tc lc i l l l ) l ) i l t l lc l '

Nrr rrtrnraicii lcntcile ntl sc sill ' lt constrel-rseii votc7.C. itr ttttclc

t l in t rc e c chiarconsiderr l i l rczen'a or cstc o v i r t t l tc .Sc nti lncsc

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r.__lNU vor vola ( ) lolalul de cazuri ( intorviuldin mai)

votcz.. otu l cstc l )cn t r r r l i i r l ta t i " ; , ( l rcc l i i b i i r l ta t i iar trc l)u ic s: i

rrtcarg:1a vot, iar lcrncilc sii stciracrrsii;;i i i-q;i aclli lc trclrltir <lr,' ;

, ,N t r u r r r . t r r t n i c io t l l t r l . . $ ir i c in r r v o i v o t i r . . .L o c r r l l r r c i ' c rn c i

cstc i lcasi l . d a is ln r o l i t ic r rn sc t r r r r r rld r lx r1 i lo r . "( j r t a l t c c . v i ' t c , t l c a i r c s t r i c l i i l c c g r r l cp r i ' i r r t l l ) r r r t i c i l ) : l r c r l

l ' c t l rc i lo ri rv i r r l r rl lo l i t ic r l r t t i rs t t l ro l i tc rc r r r r r.5 lc r r r r i ,r t i t r r t l ipc i r

rrccst()r1 lr r l i l lc 1>o l i t i t ; r lr r c - r r r t l r rsr rc i i r r con t l i t i i r lc cg l r l i t r r tc

t lcPl in l ctr t r i r l r i r l i i .c l r i rnb l r i lccg is l l t ivcuu rrat-onl l inrcr l c l r in r -

l rd r i i ncn ta l i t r i t i lo r .I {cz t rn r i in t . l ,fb r r t r r i lc lc a cxt intJcl )a r t ic i l ) r rcao l i t ic r il r rc l)u i

sii nvingd inrlifcrcnra gencralii ftrpii c viata prrblicri, ndifercnti

carc l ) r t rc i rn rc (c r is t ic i ll )cnt lu o l ) r t r tc r ;roprr lagic i.)c usc:rrrcncir ,

i tccstc l i r r t t t r i rc l> t t ic r l cs l t i r rg r it lccucorr r r rn i ll l r> t r iv i t r i rc i l r ia t r r

p r - rt l c r icstc ( lor))cnir cxcl rs ival b i irbatu r .

Itarticipatta la alrgai I 89

Cetr rrrli rrrure irrrplicare in campanie: liderii de opinie

Cc i ir lrscnti c l l t t r t tc c l ) rez in t i l unctu l de os al part ic ipdri i o l i-

t icc . I ) r tnc t t t lcc l nra i nalt cste i l t ts tratde oamenii cei mai act iv i

rlintr-o carnpanic prezidengiald ,,liderii de opinie". Observapiile

conrulrc 5i l t t trrrr : toasc t t rd i i socia lc a ra t l lc t l in f iccarc z t l r t t r i

l )c l l tn rlc t ; r t rc ,

ro l r lc t t t i \r f ' la t {n dezbit tcrc x is td tn t ln ] i ; ioanreni

irr tcrrs) rcoc l r l ) i l l r ,i l l ind , totodat{,gi cc i crtrc u <l p in ic dcja art i '

cu la t i l . )e accptir ti numim , , l ide r ide opin ie".

L i r lc r i i t lc opin ie a i unci comunita[ ipot f i ce l mai bine identi-

{ rca l i i s tudia l i in trcbtndu-i pc oaltrenicLt iar cere sfatu l ntr-o

i r r ru rn i r i ll ro l l lc r r t i i i ap<-r invostig ind ntcracl i tr trca l in t rcs f i l t r . r i -

tori si cci sfatuiti. Este evident c{ intr-un studiu efcctuat pe un

caantionrelativ redus,cunt este cel de fapd, ceast{procedur{ ar fi

cxtrcnr r le r l i f ic i l r i , acdnu imposib i l i . de vrenle ce putin i l ider ig i

. , t l is t : ipo l i "t i ol s-r trn t i rn l l l l saIic c t tp r i t rg itr tprcttnd n c;;antion.

( r rs r r l rs t i t r r t ,otuf , )utcn) dcnti f ica

ic lc r i i c op in iePi ,d iscipol i i"

din intcriorul csrrntionttltti ostnl flrl sl considerdm il stlnt n leg{-

tu r r i l i rec t t iun i i crr a lp i i .

Oaur pe la nr i j loculcantpanie i, ubiecgi lori s-aupus urmAtoa-

rc lc r r t rc l r i i r i :,A; i nccrc lt rccct l tsdconvingcAi e cinevade idei lc

c l ln)rrrcrrt 'orrstrJx) l i t icc?"; ,V-a ccr t t t c irrcva s f l tu l , c lc curind,

t ls r r l ) r r lrcrtrrc i ro l l lcntcl to l i t ice?"i lg i accia areatl r i lsputts ,Da"

l r r r r r r r i t t t r t rn r l rc lc rr trcbdri 2 l7o t l i r t r t t rcg t t lg r t l l ) - au f ( )sc

tlcscnrrrirli rr itleri rlc opinie. It{sptrnsurilc or la alte ntrcbttri ds -

i r r r r r l l r lsc r ic i t lc i t r tc rv iu r i , a gi vcr i f icarca olu lu i or obicct iv n

ca<lnrl rrLrrnitor rttpuri,au stabilitvaliditatea dentificrlrii.Pe scurt,lidcrii tlc opinic sunt in chip substangialcprczentativi pentru seg-

lllcntul agresival cornunitd;ii - sau, mai dcgrabd,pentru segmen-

tclc agrcsivcdirr cadrul mai multor subcomunit{gi ; ei incearcdsd

i r r l l cn lcz.c cst t l co t t t t tn i t r tg i i .

i r r lcgd tL r r r u acestdin urmA fapt, trebuie sublin iat ' t r pro-

blcrrr i i lnport l ln td: idcr i i de o1:in ienu sunt identic i cu oamenii

procrrr irrcnqi,l inpunct dc vcderc socia l, i comttn itdgi i cspectivc,



90 /' llutni.rrntluotultri

cu oantcntioci lx l i l rog r r t i ru c t l idc r i i c iv ic i . l , isc g i iscscn toa tc

g r t tp r r r i l c ro { i ' s io l r a l c' l ' a b c h r l l l ) .

[ ) in to r r tcplrnctc lc c levcdcrc, idcr i i c lcopin ic au (lcnroftstrar

r t r t r r l t i nrrrrc ntcrcs l )cn t ru Po l i t ic t . n t i r r r l lcc nult)a i2 . l l ( . , l in t tc

, , t l isc iP< l l i "ruar i ' l t i l t n

nlarc ntcrcs rr ; i r le a lcgcri, r n procc:nt c(tl%t rlintrc litlcrii dc ollirric ri-iru ut()cstirrrat a atitrc. ,a l'cl s-a

i r t t i r lp l i r t i ; i n pr iv ingrr r rn r r l r i r i i :ornrrn ic i ir i loro l i t ice :pc f iccarc

nivcl c lc ntcrcs, idc r i i de opin ie citcarr i ascultaumatcr ia lc lcdc

canrpanic nu l t nra intu lt dccat cstu lcctdtcnikrr ' I 'abclrr l V) . N{ai

rrru lt ,chiar si l i t lo r i i r lc opirr ic carc;; i-atr i r l i f ica t radr r l c intcrcs

ca , tnor lc r i r t " i ru ,rcr lus" r r i t i t ; i a r r t rn t i r i tco r r r t r r . r ic i l r i lclo l i t icc

mai n)rr l tc lcc i t non- l ic lc ri i leopirr ic arc c consir lcrau, t ix r r tcntc-

rcsa[i" . n 1 'r lus,i < l iscu ta t r o l i ric l n ta intu lr c lecit a lg i i . 0%o l in r re

'l-alrclul

lll I'roportio /irletilor rle r,piaieSia relorlohi iu rliferitelepofe.rii

Prolcsii

Specialist i

Proprietari,uncli ide conducere

Clorici

Como(, vanzari

Muncitori alif icali

Muncitori emicalif icali

Muncitori ecali l icafi

Fermieri

CasnicoSomcri

Ponsionari

' l'itlrclrrllY: Inrlirclcgrttr/trluirle tttur-ra/ /irlnilorr/e rlpinie5i nl

rrloilalti orttrreni u/i de ncrliilr fontmle de conutrirarc

lnloros sponl lnloros scittul

Cazrtri Lidorido opinio %)

1 7 3 5

28 25

2 t 3 3

1 6 4 4

J I J 5

J I J Z

47 23

4 6 1 5

230 13'r3 1s23 35

Ar l i i

12,3

12,3

1 4 , 1

LO

t 4 ,B

13 ,0

1 5 , 8

Ziaro

Radio

Revisto

t o1 5 , 8

1 4 , 6

20,6

I'anirihatva la ah ili / 9l

l i t lc r i i r lc opir t ic l isc : t t t rsc r i llespre 'Jnl l)anic r tcc i d i r rcc rc l l l o l ,

c l r i : t rr l t i r t t c l c r r t c r v i t r ll o s t r t l l i l )o c to l t l l ) l i c ,n v rc t t t c c l l t l l l l i t l

-58%,intre cc i la l t i z ic ttserdcest t lc r t l .

i , , r , r . t . i l r i l )cc tc lc sen t i i l le , cc i , l idc r i i t lc , l l i r t ic ' J t t f i )s tcc l

nr ir i sc :ns ib i l i a cvenimenrelecampaniei.s n.pt" f ina l r r lacestei

ccrcctdri, lc \'()ll) lltoarce a rolul specific )c carc ceqti litlcri dc

opirric [-atr trc'.rtn cttisttlcampaniei.

I)rrp.J e ant su l ) i l i t lac t< l ru lntcrcsulu iPc l ) t r r l lcgcr i , i l rcvi l

fi tbl<lsit rccvcrlt in urtndtoarelc capitole' nc putcnl intoarce la

scgrnclttul tlc llopr-rlagic are sc afiti ?n centrul atenlici lloastrc:

oarrrcrr i i urc a i - l t t f<-)rnratntengia in r r l i c lcvot c l l ia r [)c Pi l rc t l rs t l l

c a rn tx rn i c i .

Atlil (9/")

65

t a

67

56

65

68

77

85

8785

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6, 6

7, 6

4 .6



( ^ t , l ' t l t l, |

l\'Ionrenttrl

dcciz, ic idcf in it ivc

C)rtnrcnii ot lua dcciziadc vot pe tot parcurslrl

campaniei e lectoralc.N{ulp i d intrc susl intr-

torii tradipionali i unrri partid $tiu, cr.l oatc

accstea, u mtrlt ?naintepe cine vor vota. Ar

fi posibil, de pildrl,sd preziccm acurnctr cine

v()rvotil cci din Sud u 1960, lcpi cnrcle elcc-

torrrlc ;i candirlagii u vor fi cunoscutc tlccit

atLtnci. l t i i se hotelrilscn tirnpul unui nlandat

daca l vor mai sustine pe delindtorul unei

funcpii qi partidul acestuiagi la urmdtoarele

a lcgcr i .VIu lp i t iudin lunanrai, h iard irra inte

dc a f i dcscnrnal i ancl idapi i ,Lrn l or vota n

rro icntbr ic.

Intcrvittrilc rcttlizatcnc-iru [)cn]risstl dis-

tirrgcrn trci tipuri rlc alcgiitori, clrrsilicagin

firncpic<Je ontertu/ derizicidefiuitive dccizia

I)c carc au susiinut-(-r tit dc-a lungul ciln)l)a-

nici, cdt i ; i n cabinade vot.

,,Ahgr;torii uttii nai": Aceste ltersoane de-

cisc nc:l din pcri<,radarc-electoralli ;tiaudi n

I t tna na i , r rc i l lc lu pr imu l nostru intcrv irr ,

curn vor vota, i-au l lrcn[ inut lx l t i l r i rca dc-a

Iungul campaniei gi au votat in noiembrie

contirrmaccstei roti' iriri.Votrlrile lor fuseserd

hlt i l r0tc din luna nrai.



9'l / tllr,tristnnl tttt/rti

,,t\h'uri/ot' iiutiorrrlri iuilir,ttu.qt/.t1":cctti ()runclli s-irtr l()tiiriit

a s t t l ) r atn t t ic u r r t l i t l i t tn t i l ' r ) l ) u l c r i o a dc i l c s c n t r r i i r i ir t r r r l i t l a l i l o r

( i n t c r v i r r l ( ) s tn r l i r ra t rg t r s tl f t ) s tl ) r i n r r l r r t c r v i r rl c r l r r p r i : r n r l ; c l c

c()nvcnIi i) , i -arr rrcnt inrrt lcc iz ial)c t ( ] t ) irrcrrrsulantl) irn ic i ; i r rr

vo t i l t c i l l t i r rc i r r r ro ic rn I r r ic . o t r r r i lc or tru i ls t . lec i. s t i r l l i l i tc r rI t t n i l c r r r r i c .r r l i c u r r u g l l s t .

,,tlh;4ilorii pt'riorrr/t'itrpknluir-uoiaultri"': Accltirr nu ri-tru rotilriit

t l c f l r r i t i v i t r t i ir r t l t i r n c l c ru r i r l c a rn p r r r r i c i .r r r r n i i l i l r t r c i n - x l l

f t ic t t t -o p in : i i r r t r l r i rn i r l ip i i , n z i r r r r lcgcr i lo r .VotLrr i lckrr s-rrrr

I ro t r l r i t n cc lc t l i r r r r r r ru lr r scptcnrlrr ic , ctonrbricsau .ro icnrl lr ic .

( i t rc r t t t osr t l i l 'crcntc lc scnrrr i f lcrt t ivc l i r r t rc lccstcgr r rp r r r i?

I)c cc t trr i ioanrcnis-att to t r l r i t crrc irrcs l votcz.c ' irrc i il i r r r r in tclc

ir tcc l lcrca c i tn r [ ) i r11 ic i ,l l i i in pr inrc lc un i , i ' l r cc i d in u l t i r ) ) i l x tc -

gor ic . a l r i r r r rs f i r : ; i t r r I r tnrprrn ic i?

l \ rx t l izu< l i r r tccs tc i r l l i to lvl t lc ta l i i r o i fuc to r i rn lx ) r t r ln t i l l rci r r l l t t c : r r 1 c ; t z r ir o r r r c l r t r r ll c c i z , i c il r r r r l c .t i r i r r t i i , o i r r r r c r r i ir ' : l r o r '

<fcciz.ic lirst irz.ic rtt irst rtrti ltrrtitt rtlr 'rt ' .rrt.tirlcrk'gcri. rr lrl loilcrr

t i t r r r l , c i c i l r c u r a l c s n t r l t i r r r c l c i l c r r l c a r r rp i r r r i c ir a L rr rd i v i z i

sttlrtrsi tttti rtultot' lttz.riutriotf/ituole. l)rin astfcl rlc ;rrcsirrni lrtc-

lcgctn cor r l l ie tc lcsi iucorrgntcrrtc lc l in t rc f r rc to r i i r r rc n f l r rcn -

gcazri lcc iz . ix c vot. t i r r i i d in t rc r rcc i t i r lc to r i i r rc in dc rrrct l i r r l

a lcg i l to r t t lu i l pot ir tragcc i i t rc rc l lubl icani, n vrcmc ce a l t i i po t

( ) l )c f t tn l i tvo i t rc r tlc r r t r r t : ra1 i lo r .l r r r l tccrtv intc,Prcs i r r r r i lconfl ic-

tu i l lc cxcr ( i i t i l tcasul)ra lcg r l to r r r l r r il cr-rnduc n l i rcct i i d i tcr i tc .

Irrtcrcstrl gi rrrrxne rttrl deoiziei

( iu c it o i t rnc r r i i u f i ls t nt i l i n t ercsati t lc lcgcri , u i l ta ts-au ro t i i r i t

t t ta i r lcvrcrrrc u cirrc vor vot i t .Aproal lc lotrr l rc irn i t l in trc alcgrl-

t o r i i l i r : r r t c r r t c r c s i r t ic l r o t r i r i s c r Jl c i r r i r r r i r r r r r r i r l r r i s i r r r r r l t

t t r r r i r r t i r r l c i r r r r l r i t r r t cl i r r t r c ' c icUu n in t c r c sn t : r i c r i z t r t l l i c t r -

sc r i i p in r i l r t t r r rc il ; ig r r r ; r J ) .1 )orrr o l ) t i l t )cdintrc cci l i ra r tc ntc-

rcs i r l i ur t l tc l ' | ( r l t i r r l ic ; i t rc l iLp i tu l a r l l>un ic inairr tc lc u sc ro t i i r i

,llnttrtrtul nixiti rh/initk'r I 9;

(hrtrtttii ftrttlt ittnv.tali rlr ah'gtti iou hotrit'iirca./imhirrt'

t,ttl ttttti dtz'rcnr dafil rci nrrtipulin inlrtr'wli

lnteres

ridicat

lnteres

Septembrie-noiembrie

lunie-august

NumAr otalde cazuri

(aleg6torii fectivi)

cu <: i t rc ( ) r vot i l ; c le l t l t t i o r i nra i n t t r l ; i , l l r in t rece i

rcs r r l i .1 i -rr t l t t t t i t r i t t lcc iz. ia l i l t l l i r r l lcc l l t l ( ) l r l c l ' l t '

' l ' c t r t l i r r l lgct lcr i l l i l ' i l l r co t lcc iz ic t i rz ' ic pc c l r rc

cci ctt intcrcs sctlT.t lt fost virl l tbil i l l lctrtrt t l l l lr l)clc

r n a i) l l t i t l

n ( c -

l r t t t t i t t t i l ' cst i t t<r

t i tbcrc ( l i i g r r ra

Iu). I)ar, Penrnl ficcare nivcl dc itrtcres. icntocrllii atl ll l i lni{-cstilt

tendinl'.tclc a sc hotiiri nuti grcu dccit rcpttblicrtnii'

Antrrrritcaltc ntanif'cstrlri lc intercsuhti c clittlitrrtertz.iin grttPtll

a c i iru i c lcc iz ic ste anlanatd lnr i n t r l t in lc lcstadi i a lc canlPanic i.

l , i r rrn 1r ( )p tc l . l t l r t , srr l t iecqi i r r r ls t n t rc [a f i d i lc l l cra l l , , f< ra r tc

neftilrtlitori" srl-;ivadl canclidatulales,<lacilPot sptlnc cil , , l t t tc tl

trirrcdic rlacii nu sc intAnrltl{ apa, lcpi lni-ar Pltlcca sil-tni vrfulcirlrrlirlatrrl tlcs" siltl lrtc:\ ,ntt contc'.1/:l trc r;tic cc"'

I)crsounclc cirrc Crau .,loarte ncrillrtldt<xrrc" I-1;ivrttli l l lrcl'c-

r r r r r r l i ig t ig in , larr ostc l i r r t rc elc ho t i r i tc t lc l i r t r t ' cPt t t t t c i l lc si i

\ 'o tczc ( l i ig r r ra19).Acelca$imotivc carc e- l l l i r l tp inssr i -1 ilc r tg r i

c i r lc l ic la tu llca clc l i l tcep t r t t r l < rcu l t t i lcc t t l r r t l; i s r i - ls t ts t i t t r ir t

r .o r r t i l l r r rc c - l t t tdctCrlrr inat i s l i iC trartc ) l ' c ( )c l l l ) i l tclc r t l t :g t ' r r '

( ) r r rnc t t i i i l rc tL l t t t os t rxrtc i l tc rcsa i lc IeT. l l l t i l t t l lr lcgcr i lor r rr

lirst clintrc cci cc s-arr rotiirit tirz.irt n catrtpltttic. ii rrtr 'orrsitlcrrrt

t ; r in t rz r t ' l t t t l l i l rc$l xr l l$ tg l t t l t t i i lcc i t l l i )c t r t r r l i o i t r t i in rp l r l rcr l l l

( r26 ) (27o)

96 / tllnrti.rntu/ wtlulattlltnnilu/ letixiri th/initite I 97



I;igtrra 18 (it l4tt ua/a/ti/ 1rcntruontb(/c tulrrt'; cu rit irtklrst/

tsk ntti ,ldtt, ut alil r'.rlcltro/n/ti/ .rri s:ea o lolrjrfirr

ltni r/n,ttnr

FIEPUt]LICANI r)EMOCnA'f

Seplonrbrio nolonrbrio

.--.-- lunie-august . .-. . . . - . . . . . . .

(76)

l i i g u r a l 9 :

(152) Numar otalde cazwi (50) ( 11 4 )

ilI'griturii fti|( sttttt ,,.footlr rterriltrlrjlori" sri-,riaar/ri

rrtnlir/alrr/ rt/c.rre otrirrj.sc u cite sd t-to/€zea irtrcpttlu/

ritutlntiri. tltr'ia rarr tu .run/.[oarlr prrrx u1n/i r/r rint'i-'rrrii,r/i.qtr rht r/ nttri litzirr

Sep emb ie noicmb i o

lunie-august

Ma i

, ,Nu stooxtraordinar

do important ' '

37o/"

, ,Suntoarle

nerabdator",,Nu

conloazil"

NurnArolalde cazuri (260)

prictcni i . l )c n r r is r r r r lc cal l t l )xnia pi trrntacursul. sut l iecgi i rrrc

r r i s 1 l r r r r t l c a r r , , n l rt i u " n ra ia d At rg a u; i , n u -n l i As i l " .

l ) i rcc to r i i t lc cunrl lunic -auconfiuntat l)ermanentcu s i tu l r t ia

r lc rt i r t ' cl l r r l l lag i rn r l i lu nunla i pcntru un scgtucl l ta l c lcctorrr trr l rr i

crrrc c rctlrrcca n mod constant, i gi pentru un segntcnt dc poptr-

l r r l ic r l ; r i r r r irr(r , :rcsi prcocult lrc l )c l t tn t r legcri c c l irrr irrur rui cl c

c ( )n f i t r ln t . t r s l i r ; i tu l c iu lt l)xnic ir i rcc to r i is-aus t r i i ( lu i t l i r r r : Isprr-

tc r i s r Ic i i ; t igc t :c lc c itcva votur i a le oanrcni lor c lor rrra i lcz intc-

rcsaIi rre iurp l icat i .

Prcsir.rrrilccorrllictuale $i momenttrl deciziei

i r r (J i rp i to l r r lI l l a rn inc l ica tun nurnrlrdc factor i carc i i c l i l -crcn-

t icaz; i pc alcgritor i i c l lubl icani de cci dcnrocragi.i iecare dintre

rlccsti ftr(jt()r' i oirte l-rconsideratca o ,,1)rcsiunc"asul>ra cciz,ie,i

l l r r r r lclc vo t .Ant cvi( lcni iat dvotul protcstnnI s tc i lv ( )n r l ) i lc l t r r -

l l l ica r r ik l r ,ar ccl cato l ic ste t )a idcgrabd crrx lcrat. nr t lcsc<,r1 lcr i tcir ndivizri cu ult statutsocio-ecoltotnic rai idicat incl spre un vo t

rc l)u l) l ican,n t imp ce vecin i i or mai sairacii prcfer: ipe dcmocragi.( l r t i r l tc ;rrv ' in tc, c lcc iz ic lcvot gto ltc i consic lcrrr t i if 'cctu lc lara l

r r r r c i i r r i c t r l l i l c l l r c s i r rn i .( lc sc in t i i rnp l l i c lac i lacci; t i ac to r i in t l i r . ' i r l r rul i c I ioncrrz.r in

r l i rcc t i ioprrscl ) r tc i l n i r rc l iv i t l s tc , r i loga t ,,c i rr to l ic?}rnr sc vr r

t lcc i t lcc l i Sa t r lac t rr t r la r ; inec l ig ic il)rorcstante, l r t r i l ic ; ; tcntr-o

l)iiturii siirrrcii conrunitiigii? are dintre intlucn;elc confliccualcva

avcir ig t ig dc cauzl?Oamenii supupi a nfluengc ontradicror i i c

t i l )u l accsta e a f l i lsub o dubld presiune.

( l r c i t sr lnt l )a icchi l i l t ratc cesre resiuni orrf l ic tuale, u atet

Irotririrclralc:glitorultrir-rtlrzienrai nrulr. Vorn trcce in revistdgase

s i t r r r r t i ilc Prcsirrn i o r r l l ic t r ra lc ,l)cntnr rvedcacc cf 'ccc t r r r nt ir ' -

z icrca r l ro r r rcn t r r l r r ilcc iz ie i .Primele tre i c lrzur i r in dc caractc-

r is t i t ' i lcpcrsonrr lc lc a lcg l t< l r i lor , rmii toarc lcdouii , t lc rc la t i i lc

r l in t rc r lcg r i t r l r ; icc i l in r . r ru lu i, ar u lt inru[, lc a t i t r rd in i lcpol i t icc



IiigLrrr 20'. Otttncnii titft saill ^pu,ii prrsitni/ur t-ortf/irtuat iit:t dri:iof au ,i ltir:itt. Ares/ :rrrt st ttplinihntod t/i1;,'i7plttfi'lt arlrnelrii infc'tz'-tttli r/c o ,g'ti :i pr,rtlttt ortrlt'r:ii c:t u1 irrl,,rz,s i.i:rl1.

F.iirn/prcsiunii ro':fi.|'tuaI'e:lc i/tt-;lrtt/ inr\crcrt pc:'it,ite r/r'bart. .l,ert;hi r/ia.qrttni ii ;.t'p6irtt,i

pt cti crtrz trtril:ifc-;i,i u:: itth'r.ts t/ ;t.,-c <.ttl/- taL,jri

I n ; luer : :ac i i t , ca

'Cp i rune3: r : :e: ; c : -

a r.elig,eir iei.JStatutul ccial Voiulpe'scanei

tr.-,r io Aieniiaesie taniaa:aceri;ci ,' s

de ce i a s :a : :_dec ta ; : i i je ra in 1936

" , , , , ; i i . . 1 , , , , ^indr .eptarAAt ie exper re : tai . ve . :a-

. r t r r i ^^^^ - in . de ce l ee l a fcs id i ie r . tu 'v ' 'a (a u ' r ' ru

cea ja l taaba: j menla cor t i 'a : e, u ' u , c r v , . u , , i r u

a f i l i e r e a : a - l n p a d j d . .

N u D a N u Da Nu D a Nu D a Nu Da Nu D a

.F

E80) (13) (58)

i--- Seplembrie-noiembrie

.--- lunie-august

(s ) (81)

r Mai

/ \ T n t a l r r l r l a a ; z t t r i

(20) (61) (s2) (48) (1.;) (78) (27)' ProtestantiAraci au catolici ogati." Republicari arecredeau a un candidat re nevoie e experienld

de guvernare pe carewirlkienu o avea)sau democrali areau consideratca experienla

inafaceri stenecesarARoosevelt eavdnd ceastaexoerientS).

Figure l0 - conrinuare:'Diagronta i rtprnirni pe ceicu un ntcresedusa1adealegei

Inf luenJaolit ici

a religiei iferiStatutul ocial Votulpersoanei

FamilieAtentia ste

Opfiuneantre mpor-

tanla afacerilor s.

expenenla uvema-

Il)r) / tl lnrui.trtu/ tvtltt/ui



l i t t t t l r t t t tc t t r l t lcr lc lcg i i to r r r l tr i .: , l ' cc tu l res i r rn i i onf l ic t l ta lc ls r r l ) r i r

r r r r r i r r r l r i il r :c iz ic ilc vo t , l )c l l tn t o i l tccclc asc t i l )Ur i t i rb i l i tc , stc

l ) r c r c r r t i r tr r i i g r r r r r ( ) .

l. lir/iuirt ,ti rtirv:/rr/rar'i,-u,,rtotttit-.l,stc llrinra Prcsirrrrccorrfliti

t t t i t l r l c ( : l r rcln t nrcnIionat-o. )rotcstanti i rr n ivc l SI IS sc t iz . r r t( )-

1 i l ) ) 1 i r : r r t o l i c i ir r r r i v c lS l i S r i d i c a t n , l ] , ( i + . ) r r r i r s r r r p r r s r

I r c c \ ( ( ) rl l r c s i rl i .

2. I'rrtJc.sia;iuloirlttttifmrea: n intcrviul din noicnrbric. sulricctir

au fost n t rc l r l t i cu cc gnrl)rrr i lc comunitr ig i i c iden t i f ic i i :mari le

satt r r r ic i lca f i rcc r i , l r rsa runcit( iare tc. in t inrp ce nta jor i tatea

oarrrcnikrr -arr dcnti l lcar u Pdtrrm ocia l i i r l rc ia i aparl incau r i r r

octrp ir l ic , rn i i rnrrncitor i sc r r r ic l l i l ica l isau l rcca l i f ic l r l i ru r rvu t

tc r r t l in l r rlc a sc ic lc r r r i f lcar rc lasa arncnilor c al irccr i , ar c ig iva

functri<lnari -atr aut<;inclusn clasa muncitoare. Din morncnt ce

oanrcni i c lc afaccrigi c lasamuncitoareau sustinut n mod tradi-

l ional Par t i r lc l i fc r i tc ,s-a dczvoltato prcsiuneconfl ic tLraLi,ntrc

prolcsirr b icct iv : ia r lcg r loru u t r i dcnti l ic lrrc:r t r icc t iv i l .

.\. llotu/ lir lt),)6 'i :/ rlitt I9./0i Nl.rjoriratcarrrncrrikrrarrv'trrraccla;; i part id in anrlrc lc alcgcri. I )csprc a lcgi i tor i l carc ai-auschinrbir t rc l 'cr irr tc lcnrrc a lcgcri lcd in 1936 i cclc r l in 1940 in

pr inc i l l i r l ,l )crs() iurc arc I - i r t r ( ) t i r t[)c l{rxrscvclt rr 193(r, lur -arr

s t ts l i r r r r tPc \ \ / i l l l i i c i r r l9 '10 sc l )o i l tcs l)unc c i l lvc i i l r lc r lc ; l l i ; i t

o t r r r ( l i l ic . )rrrnrrr l < l r r f<rs t , i r r l lunc t dc vcdcrc 1>si lrokrgic,rrr i

oco l i t lcc i t i r l cc lor c l l rcau votAtcorrsccventl)cntru accla; il la r t idl i r o t tc lr lcgcri lc cccl)rc.

4. tlksitrnu/ ,ri anilia.rn: [)uPii (:urnvorn vcclca, trnrili. arrrcri-

r :unr inarr i lcstr i consit lcrabi l i io l ida r i t l r tcPr- r l i t ic i i ,ogin rcnr l r r i i i

ad t r l t i o t in t l l : r c l .c ' i tcc ldatd,orrr$ i,. rn i i rcrnbria i r rn r i l ic i r r l l icc -t t r l r r ia tr l i rs r n c lczacord u c l sau au lbst nclrotdrft i . n oricarc

c l i r . r t rcccstccaz.ur i , ubicctu l s - i raf lat sub l lresiuneil onf l ic tual i l

cxcrc itatr l lc vc t lc r i lcpol i t icc d i [c r i tc alc rrnor r rc rn l r r i r i t r r r r i l ic isulc s:ru l i rvu t r lc a lcs 1 l r 'Pr i i lcs ir lc 1 l1 iuni gi cc lc r r lcccl Pr r l inu n u i a l t r n c rn l r r t r l f a r r r i l i c i .

5. tlh,qri/,ttt/ ti rtttr/itt/ rriz: )rictcnii crccazii, ca i;i lirnrilia, rrn

t t tc r l i t tPo l i t icc: lrc IX) r l rcl l l inevoitorsau ost i l . n in tc rv i r r r i lc l in

Ilonattul detizii dcf ,tttiL'. I l0l

ot:torrrltric, rrbiccgii tt osgntrcbali dac'lobservascril chimllrlri 1

in tc : r r l i i lc lc ,o t a lc t tn t t roameni c l in t r r t r l o r . I {e ; l t rb l icat r i i ar c

I r r r c rp t t r t la tt t )c t t rc t ) t n favoarcirt r iWil lk ic Ai dc tn1 ;c r i t t r i it t rc ' . l t l

cop$l.icnriz.irtrr prirlttl rf;1d virajclc cltrc Rggsevclt s-att aflat

i l t r -o s i t r r i rp icle cornpati tr i l i ta tc. eeace au v i lz t l t petreclrrdtt-sc

in j r r r t t l or t co i l tc is t r1 r r< l l l r i i lclrc l 'cr in1c. ccia clrc attsc t l r t r i t la f

lrii;cilri irrsllrc l)ilrtidul atlvcrs au fost sLlpl-lli, impotrivtl' prcsitt-nilor conflictualc ale asocia;ilor or'

(t. Irttettia dc aot rlix 1940 Si atihdiilca fa (i de afacei 5i guacmotvi

in final, prcsiurrca onflictualdse poate manifesta ntre intengiadc

r,ot rr rpci I)crs()lltrc iatitudipca ci fatl clc<l cnril fttntlanrenta[i t

irccsror lcgcri. 1 intcrviul din octgmbrie,slbiccgii au fost cltcstig-

nali cg ;lrivirc la pirerile lor referitoare a aceast{ em{: considerau

cil estc mai in'rportantpentru un prepedintesi aibd experien;d n

afacerisatt n guvernare?Majoritateaoamenilor cu inten;ii de vo t

rcprr lr l icrrncl l rv l t t t t l l l rcaeditr te r tcXpcricnl{ n afaccri ,n t in rp

cc rrcciir irrc yr-liau il-i votcZe 1tcclctt' tocralilrel'crarrcXllcrictlgagsvernameltald ir canclidatului or. Au fost, t-rtupi, nii subiccpial c

c i i ro ra t i t t td incpi ntcn; ic de vot s-audtlvedit confl ic tuale rcPu-

lrlicirni crrc clorcauexpcrientrA ,Uveglantcntalii etttru c'.trtdi<latul

lor l l rcz ic lc r r l i l lpi t lcntocrt l i carccolts i( lcra l l x l )c r icn I t l r t l f icc r i

l r i r i i r r rpor tan t i i . cc i ; t idcvian;i a t l f t )s tgi c i , l l r in lrr l)arc, s t t l t r tP i

runuianumit t ip de presiune onfl ic tual i .

lll'cctul lrresi trnii corr{licturrle

Int l i f 'crcnr lc s t t rse lc resiuni lor onfl ic tuale eneratcdc statt t t t t l

secialpi dc idcrrtificarea parcenen;ei e clas'i,de traditiile de v<-rt

pi rlc atittrclinilecelor apropiapi, ezttltatttlcfcctiv a fost ntArz.icrea

dcciziei linalc de v1;ta alcgltorului. Ai;a cunl an) ariltat tr I"ilit lrit

20, rlcgatorii arcau fostsupttpiprcsiunilorconflicttrale -auhotiiret

mai tiirzil clccit cci pentru care diferi;ii f ictori dc infltterlp{ s-au

s ls I in l t r r r r r r l tc c l t l la l t .ar,d iptrc to l tc p rcs i t l l l i lc on f l ic t t ra lc le



ItlZ / )lu.ari.sttrt/ tntttlrti

crlrc c - ru l l t lc r r t i l lc : r t , ca r ) t i t i n l l r rcn t : in in t l rz ic rea

vot a lost l i l lsa ot akia rrcorc lrr lrr irr anri l ia .

I)c cc arrurnirr:rto; i accpti urncnirrarcarncidccizi il )erso-. , . t

nulc pr iv irr t lvrt tr l? In Pr in r r r l i in t l , c - ; . ros t d i f ic i l sd sc hoti tr asci l

gipcntrtt

(' i ' |U lvut, pUr 5i sinr;rlu.arguntcnte rr firvoarca rillrilor

culr t l idapi. rrcori , lccstc notivc au ftrstatet dc ecl r i l i l>ratc,nc i i r

dcciz irra t rc l r r r i t u r r r i l n l r r r rc t icc lc urr a l trc i lca factor. )u l l i i lc

lcgir tc dc t l i rcc ; iacca rrra i rrrn i l votu l pcntru rcpublicani sa u

[)ctrtrudcnr<lcrati, corrrltinrrtc lr procesul .rrrtojustific.irii,au detcr-

nr inat anl l inarca cciz ic i f inalc de vot.

, in a l doi lcrr i in<1,n i i r l in t rc cci suprrp il l rcs i r rn i lo rx r r r f l ic t r ra lc

p i - l tua i r r i i r ra tlcc iz . ialc vot l)cntrr r : i la ; tcp t i r r r vcnirncntc carcs{

lc rczolvc corr l ' l ic tc lc ntcr ioarc. n caz.rr l i l r t icu la r i t ip i lo rndiv i-

t l r , ra lc on f l i ( : t r r i r lc , ascmenca cz<llvare ic i nu cra posib i l i , da r

in a l tc cazurio rcc<lnci l icrc intcrcsclor onfl ic tualcl l r r tca i chiaran t ic ip l l t i i . ) pcrsoanliI)utca spcra c i i , n t in t l tu l canrpanic i, a

rcupi sd-ic()nvingi l c a lg in rcnr l r r i i l i r rn i l ic i a lcsau,n ra i n t r l t , c

putca acordd oatc;ansclc lc a o aducc;lc ca rrs dpi e fagapul An-

dirii lor. .ti. dcscori. ftrnriliachiirr a fiircut cest ucnr, Satr,din nou,

ar fi prrtrrt stcl)ta ca clcsfiigrrrarcl anrpirniei d-i rrrnizczcaltc datc

in spr i j i r r t r l lc r : iz ic i a lc . nsr l . n l l r f i t la rcndirrgci lcconsccvcngilr. r

i t t i tuc l in i , rncori contradic l ia nu a l i rs t rczoh,atd i subicctu l s- a

l ) rcz .cn t l l tu rrrrra lc vot cu eonll ic tc lc ntcr ioarc nc l l ncrczolvatc.

Astfc l r lc prcsirrrr i ac r l in acc$ t i l lcg l l ror i prar l i l l isprrratr ln

r t to t lcgaldc r l i recror i i lc car r r l l r r r r icr iurrr l lc lorl ) i l r t i ( l i j , i i r f l inc l t r -sccrr c itc rrn Pic i r r rn ogradl l lccr lre i a[)crc. unt srrpugi rnor actor i

carc ii intlcarrrlrJ sri i vot,cz.c c rcltublicilt)i, lar, l)oatc in egalel

nrdsurrl,gi rrltora arc i indrcaptil spre dentocrati.

I ) in accstl l t rnct dc vcr lcrc, rr tcnsif icarcaampanic icdtrcsfdr-

i;itrrlaccstciil stc () rrvcstilic )unil l)cntnramllclc Partidc, n rnlsurir

i t r carc xratc i c f-rc icnt i . orn rcaminticz i ameniicarese hotdrdsc

t r l t in r i isun[ cci carccrc t lc r ia lcgcri lc i v r r rafccta el rnrr i ut in.:Sc

poatc r r t in r [ ) l r ca cnrarivc lccxpl ic irc alc c : r r r r t l i r l . . r t i lo r; ia lc d irec-

t r r r i l r r r lc carrrprrrr iclc a lc dcnronstra d alcgcri lc aor ar/ucc

rl e

,l lontntlu/ tlrzizii rl l inititt I lrl ')

schirnbarc entruci sti ie maieficiente leciit isculii lc liri sfirrit

lui l l)rit rl vc rsclo proll lc ntc. EX stri potCZ,a otrlornt Cll eilt pcrso:tni t

sau l)l lrt iclul carc il coltvinge pc alegiitortt l cz. it i tnt (le it l l [)()rt i l l l t i l

a lcgcr ikrr l )c l ) t r i l cl l lcrsorra lin t c r r r rcn i i i r ccca ce vrc i l cl i r t t t ro t l

( : ( ) l rcrct i i oht i r tcai

vot t t l .

Grrrdtrl tl c pi prcsiurrile cotrllictt rrlc

Carc cstc rc la l ia dintrc intcrcs gi l l res i t rn i lc o t t f l ic t t t l t lc i ) i t t r i l tc

llint.lirrr cii <l controvcrsil ace, adesea, ezllatcrilc ttrai Palllitarttc,

r )c , r l l r r) l l tc i l l l tc l )1 t ; r t t t :c i i t)c t l t r t ls11g lc :c iz . i l ls tc l i l i t l t lc l t t r r (

sii lcvitui cci trriti nrlll icagi i nlli preocttprtfi lc alcgcri' I)ar accitstri

ip6tczzi p ia 1 cgpsic lcrarct r t ipa rc lc r r tc l t ta r c rc i rc lc psihol6-

gicd.Ciind clantcniicloresc i, n egalanttlsttrii, espingccvil dllttll lc'

irdcscaci rru sc lrrai 6t.iriisc nici 1tr9,nici contra,ci tttri tlcgrabrl

schirnltl sullicctlrl sru cvittl prolllema. ln cirZ,rrl elor tniri ntttlrc

conll ic tc dc inrcrcsc, rrodtr lcornocllc a csid i t t t r -os i t t r l r l ic 1c :PL i -

c l t i i cste l t r r rgi s i rn l t l t lacela le a- i c lcsconsit lcrar r l l l r l r t r t t l l i ti tl c

a renunta a contl ic t ,ca 9i c ind n t t ar tnc r i t l e fortt t l '2

l \s t fc l , ru l lp i a lcgri tgr i t t l l r t ; i l rcs i t t l i f t l rc t r t r f l ic t t t r t lcl t l i tv t l t

tc t r t l i t t la lc A t l i t l i t t t : t l izat r t rc lg t t l ro l l lc t t t r i .i i l r t r c i ip i r t lc o r icc

c r lu l l ic t rcal pr in picrt lc :rcatt tcrcsulr t i i r l i t e: a lcgcri.Nt t r t t t tv t l t

rnt l) tcrcs intpcdcpcntrt lv ic tor ia ic i r t l r r ial i t l t re a l t l i t la t i 'As t tc l ,

ci rrrr iirnirs clrrtiv ndilLrcntri ir; ' Idc rcztrltatttl lrral, lrr llcgcrrilcrt r

t l c v c r r i t r r i r i r r 1 i1 t l t c r c s t tn t c i i t r t p o r t l t t t t c) c l l t r t lc i . ( ) r t t r r c l r i i

clrc llu atl ti)ststtpu;i presiUnilor onllicttralcatldertrolrstrat:cl ttrti

rn irrc ltcrcs l )c l ) t r1alcgcri; h iar ; io S i l lg l t r i l crccltc lc prcsit t t t t

copflicrrrlle a tilsr n ntasurds{ crcascd ullstanlilrl lroporti:r.tlcgri-

toril<lr aregi-aupierdttt trtcrcsttl at'Idc alegcri.$i' t:rrcit trtttttlrttl

l t rcs i t t t r i lo r o r r f l ic t t t l t lcrc$ tc . rl l ta tg r l t t l t t l lc : tr tcrcs t r i t t l i l i ' s t i i

tun lcc l in n ra iaccentutrt l " ig r r ra l ).

I)ar fiind cricei doi trrctori e aflil tttr-o rclrtlic ttttagotticri.tt t: c

nr<ttl a irfccta rczult' .lntil or nronrcnttrl tlccizici firralc? rstc t l l r l l l

rnai rn ltortant lcc i i tcc l i l la l t i

104 / tlln,rnrstrru/ outulttitllonutlnl r/tt'iziei linitiru' / ll.5



Iiigtrra 2l: (h uir sprtr'r /trr.riuti/e con/il /ualc, t-rr trril iarrLutr/p0t/,1t ah-g'ri .vur/e

Numil ul prosiuni r conllicl ato

Ma i

multe

Intores edrrs

Intoros idtcat

Numer otalde cazun

I r r rrrot l i rcsc, r r r r rc r r i ir r rc - r r r rro t r l l i i t r i r r r i i u l i rs t :c i : r r rc

rtu/ttrlttlintl-tilca ccuti irctorictr uprrrinlil i carc lu ili/ut toatccon(li-l i i lc pcrrrrLr ccasta, c pi ldd oanrcni icarc nu au lbs t supusiunei

l l rcs iuniconfl ic tualc au carcau ftrst upugiuncia singrrre,lub la tcdc un n*re intcrc.sl)cnrnralcgcri l i ig r r r l zz ) .Trc i s fc r t r r r i l in t rcc i r r r r t i t r t l i r r r r r u r r r r i r r r l r ( r r / o t r rr r ro i c r r r l l r i ci r r r r r r r r r i/ r , t r r ra ltc l)(aI r l t in rc lc ip r i r r r i in ia lc c : r r r r l l r rn ic il)cnrru clc a-pi t i r l l i l i z . r r ,o dati l l )cntru to tc lc i r r r r ra ,n tcn l i r rc lcc t r l ra l i l . i r r :ca la l t i i x trcn)i is- lru r l la t rrrncni isrr l lLrp ia dourl au r ra imultc prcsiurr i orr l l ic tualc

si l : i r : inr irrc ntcrcs l )c l ) t rualcgcri.Nrrrnai rn sfcrt < l in t rc i s - r r r rI to t t i r i t r rc : i l in l t r r r i r ra i i cc l l l r r t in ) rc inrc r [ r l l tc l ) t i l tp . l in . jr r

ttltinra ctirpii a cirnrl>anici a srlsc llotiirascil.

Dar cc sc i ' t in rPl i i cu oarncnii ' f lue ' fat i atet de un fact.rl lvorabi l l t r i r i i r rnci c lcc iz . i ia l l icJc ,i t gi dc urru l ne f t rv . ra l r i l , lcp i lc l r lcc i suptr; i rn r r i r r t r l t . r t iPr r r idc l l rcs iu r r ic r r r r f l ic t r ra lc ,arl i r a r t c n tc r c s a g ic a lc g c r i au c i c r rn i c i r n u ls a u u u n s in g r r ri pr lc Prcsirrrrc onl l ic tual i i , la r lcz irr tcrcsagi?ccgtiantr c l i { ' c r : lr r r i ir lc a l l i i i r r ccclr cc Privcgrc )r()n lcntu l cc iz ic i . ( j r r a l tc crrv inrc.

Nici

un a

tlI "o r "

tlnl*"L_,](6s) (200)

lii gtrr r 22'. A it p '.srr i e rorflirtua le, cil,ri lipsa rle rt crysa trittri

tttotttrtt/u/ rlu izici. Iifer.ttr/ or r:or /torutesle.[oarepulcttrir'.

l.,urr/r.tr 'ltrn'tr/, /e au o illuafti trproxinalir.t q4n/d

Alegdtori cu doLtd

sau mai multe presiuni

conflictuale

lntoros Intoros

ridicat scAzut

Alegalori cu nici

o presiune conllicluald

sattcu una sinr1tttA

l n l o ros

r i d i c a t

l r t o ros

Septembrie-noiembrie--

.-. . . .-.unie-august.-. .-. . . .-. .-

Mai .. .----. . .-. .

Totnlul o caztrrl

(alegAtoriifect ivi)

ciirrilcci cloi actori intcresulgi presiunca onflictr.rale actiollcazi

i r r l i rc t :1 i i l )uscic i srrnta l)roximativ gal ica f i r l rg r i .

( l r r r rp i r r r r l i r tr r t rc lrcs iurr i lc on l j ic tu r r lc; i I i l lsaclc ntcrcs ntt

cstccxl)r in lrr t r i c t lc-rr-ntregulr r accstc f irnrrtg i ian t i t r r t ivc .ix is t l i

i; i l i lL'rcrrlc rrlitltir,c. )acii alcgiltorul c a{lii ntr-o sittralic inrllcclc,

l ips i t r , ilcprcsirrn i orr l ' l ic trra lc,ra t lu l c intcrcsva i cc l carc lc tc r -

r r r in r ' ti rp i t l i t i l (c i i u c i t rcvA ajtrngc a o dcciz ic cottcrct i l .Conq;t i-

cn t iz i r rc i r nr l)()r t i l r ) tc i lcgcr i lor cste r l r rb la t r l lc rccttnort l tercapozit ic i salc ,naturalc". )aci se ntinrp l i i caa lcg i l to rul l i ie s t t l l t ts

Prcsiunilorconflictualc, ltunci interesul ui acgioncaziintr-ut' l nr(xl

t l i f ' c r i t . l in t l in tcrcsulnu cste a ta tc lcJrutcrn ic,endirr lacstc clc r

rcspirrgcrrtrc:rgrrro l l lc r r r i la ncf i ind c lcvrrrr t i i .in ia rn i r r in rc icz is-

tcntc cstc t lc ir ntt vota cle locFi n ru l t i as t fe lc lc oanrcni chiar r r r r

r'otcitZii. I t l i lttcrcs llttternic 1'ltlittcnyirrgc itrll ltrlsttl <lc I cvitil

problcnrc lc, nc l l t in i ndu-l pc a legrltr lru lnclccisntr-o pcrrn rncntl i

(34)

s;caziJl

( r / )



106 / rllattirun/ t:otr,ltti

r l i s c r r t i c r i r t r i r t r i c t ' r i c r r i r r c ' s r r ; i g ic , r ) . c t c n i i ,P i ' i i c i ' d z iu ar t l c g c r i l . r l ' r r ' l r r i g i rs i i a . l r . t i i r i r c r , , , , , , . , ' c ' l r - l l c l r t r i r r i r r . r rP r r_r r i c r ' ; r r r c l i r r r l r r l i r r r r . . . i r r c) t r c c i z i c a r ra r ta . r . g ru r ln r i r r c l ci r r tc rcs i r r t lcs i ic .r11111c,ii r . trcc iz. ict t . r i t tc ,ac ' r ' r rn t rcr iPsa;lrcs i_t t r r i l r r r rrrr f l ic taarc r r r rcc <rcciz. ict tr tn;,arca u' trr 1>: r r t ic rarrac c l r i l a k .

( : A l ' l 1 ) l l l l . v l l' l ' iptrrile

de schirrrbtiri

( ) i t r r rcn i ig i-au r r t i i rz . i l t lcc izi l r r r r i r l : i le vot

I rc l lcntru cJ nrr rrr i rs t r r [1 : ic r r tlc ntcrcslr t i

cle alcgcri. fic pentru cii sclcctarcirunrti carr-

c l ida tsau a a ltu ia -a ptrs ntr-o s i t r r r r t ic i l l -

c i l t i , cx ist l ind c lcnrcntc lavor ir lr i lc rnr lrc ' lor

p r l r l i . ) r r r l l ror:csrrI n r i i r r i r i i r r t t f r t r r r :1on l r t

l a l ' l 1 ; c r r t r uo p i . I r r i i l us l )u s ,Nr r t i r r p i r r t

in tr-r tn arrunrit nof.r ' l c l l t l c lrnpanic: i , ' i i r rr l

ruu t tat o hotirr i i re lc f in i t iv i i .A l t i i s-arr ecis

<lct,rc lne srr l)ra ntr i :r l incar r r l i t la l i, u lvur

:rpoi pcr io i r< l ; llc ?ntlo irr la l .' i r r t l r t r i rs t rc lro-

tJr ig i satt chiar au trcctr t <lc ) i t r tc i r cu l r r l t r r .

pcntrt t ca ?n inrt l i l cv inJ l tu lcgcrc i t r r i t i l rL i .

A l t i i c l t ia rg i-au"^chirrrhatlcc iz . i i rlc h rtn p lr-titj la altul. I)c scurt, cci ctrc flu s-au hotririt

r . ls t l l ) r i lo tu lLr i < l r l i i l r i i r t t r - t tn r t r r t t r r r i trro-

rnent al canrpanic i lcctr lra lc -atr l i fcrcnt iat

p r i t rmoclu l n crtrcau ajuns a dcciz ia l c :f iru-

t iv r i . n acestscns,cclc trc i t iprtr i pr inci lrrr lc

dc nelrordr ig i r t ost trrrrr i i t ourqlcc r i l rc lcn-

c l ic r i rocentajc i r r rnsur r r l r l rr llcg r i t t r r i lo r:'

28o,/o i-rkt/i:.rtlarr: Sttrrtoirrtrcnii ortre nrI

a t l r tvut n tc r r t i i lc vot i r r l t t r r . t r r : r i . l r r rs-rrrr

It)lt' / l lr,trirnu/ uotnhi 'l'iputihde.u/tit,tbdti I 109



I r . t i t r i t r r l t c r i r l r ;i r r t r r l r r r i t l c l . ,N r rp t i L r , ' ; i u r j u u .sa rc P t r l r l i -c r r r r i . l ' i6 )s i r r r r r lc r r roc r , , t lito t l t l , )b ) .

l59h o-rrilurtti;unt cci careau Plccat rirdrtrr.rr u. i' tcrrtic tlcr\ /o t ,au dcvi:r t lc la acc:rstrrf c l l r in ,,Nu gt i r r . ,

f ic l t r in trcccrca lcc l i i la l tpa r t i t l ) ar nrai i rz i r r s-arr r r t ' rs la a lcgcrca ' ig iaLi.N l r r . i r -n t i r t c u r r r l c c : r t l c l l r r r r ) r r r t i ( 1 ,r r r r j r r r t sl r , ,N r r ; t . i r t , , p irP ' i r l i l rrr<rurr r r r r t i< l r r lr lc :sr r i l i r r l l ( / r , : c ; t r i l i l ic r r r r i ,5..5.%;lcrnocrrr l, s ,s , / , , ) ,

i ; r r r l t i i < lc . t r . part i t l cdtrc ccLi l i r r t i up , i i r r i rPr i . Pr i r r r r r l4 /%:rc l ru r l ic r rn i . 96;dcnrocr r l i ,3Tol.

87o rrlinltitrtry:Srrnt irlcgiitoriicarc au Prlrnit cu o irrtcntic tl cvot gi r i r r r i l i rz i t r rrr rcc l t t il cc l i i l l r l tPar r i r l , u c i l rc r r r i vo t l t . J) cl r r ' c l r r r l r l i . i t r r ii r c r r r . t r ; r l i i r ur c c r r t , ) i , , r ; , rc l i r l c n r . c r i r t ir r c Pu -l>licnui {)/n.

Arn l lutca. lrscrva acurlr ,l )c r t r t r r r . l ' s i accst ucnr nra i i rz i i r .c i i t ( ) r l tc c l r i r r rb i i r i lc,c r is t i r l iz .a to r i lo r "i rna j r l r i t i r tca;c lor r lcosc. i_l i r n ; i l o r r r r rn l l l i c i r t t r r n u i r ru rl i r r i r l r c r c ; c l i l a l r l s l ) c c t r l c l r i r r r -b l r i i r r i ) s tu n , ,N r rg t i r r " . ) c l c r r l t i ll x r r t c , o l i c c i c i r r c r r r c l r i r r r b r r t

part idul, ca gi r r ' i i d intrc .sci langi, -auaflar ntr-un mo'cnt sarra l t r . r l c baricadrrlec i i r . i l la r t id ;sc r r i rnb i i r i lcor au irnpl icat . ia l i -tatca apri c arnbclcpar t i t lc ,n arrunritcmon)cntc.crr a ltccuvinte,3<)1b l insc l r i r r r l r l r i lc f 'cctu i lrc lc r lcg r l to r iru i r r r l r l ic r r trn s ingrrr

1 r : r r t i t f; i r r r r n r r i2 % td in c l c 1 lc r . r l l c l c . .Sa u ,r r l , r . i . ( l c o n s ta n tc l ct l i r r r ra il l ind in rro icrrrbr ic,r r tcng i i lcrc ro t i rggr / , t l ip t rc r lc :Ar i r . r is - r r r ti r r r i ta ta un singrrrPart id, rc int l in ten;i i le lcv.r .rmtnuri z , /odintrc alcgrr.r i rrr rrc lrrsn r l lc lc l l r r r t i t lc ,r r t r - r rn r ( ) lnc l ) t l r r a l t r r l .

[ ) i r r t rc r ,s<: i l r rn l i iurc 1 i - i r r rl r i r : ls i tr lcgcrcu r r i t i r r l r . trr lrrv6rrrcrrindcciz. ic i , c l p r r t i . t lz%o - i t , i . t ' rs la ca. I ) r r r rcc ia carc s-aut lcPl i rs . t . i r r rccc l i la l t l la r t ic lnrr s-au rnai n t r l rs a fe l dc rcpcclc;n r r r r ra i 2?h u rc ' c n i t l i r l l a r r i r r u l r i n r c i . r rP t i r r n i . ) r r c : i ' p c r -sor t t r r ll r l r r ir : lsc51cl r r r t i r l r r ll i r r n r lo i r r l r i ,r l ) r ( ) r l l )cptotr lcarrrrac yr rirr toarcc a c l r r r r r ii rz . iL r ,r r r l rc r r Pi ir irscptc)cntrtr r l l ,z , i t ic irrcor isc v : r t t l t i n trxrrcc.

l\lorrrcntttl dcciz,ici dcfinitivc si electoratul rnobil

(-ie iprrri rlc alc-gtitori obili incd nrai rebuieconvin;i, o datdpcntru

tott lcarrua, c parcursul ampanic i?

( lc lc trc i t ip trr i de a lcgi i tor imo l t i l i - cr is ta l izator i i , sc i langi i i

s t : l r in r l rJ to r i i s -u t t r r r t i l r i t rsr.r l)rao t r t l t t i h - rp i lt tna nrai, dar ntr

to l i i r r r rc :c l i rp iirrrp. )c f i rp t , cr is ta l izutor i i -au dccis rn t t l t r t ta i

tlcvrcnrc tlccit ccilirl;i; 680/o5i dcciscscrilvotul pirri in august,

Lrtii rlc nttrnai -18%dintre cei carc au schinrbatpartidul, rcspectiv

4(flh tlintr c osc angi.

I ) r r r n r in r l r t l osci l i rn; ikrr- ameniicarcau p : I r : is i t a r t i ( lu l2 r lcs

in i t i i r l , l r r r r r cvcnit r r l tc r io r i l -au votat existaun gnrp aparte,

l)cntrtt r:rl, rlir ounr lllt obsorvatnrai srrs, vcnr dclltil iptrri difcrite

clcosci lant i : c i crtre u osci lat umai c t l t rc ndeciz iegi cei cares-at l

t lcp l t rs r r tu t ( ) rr l c l " r t rcc l i l la l tpart id.Accastl l , r r )a r j l I " lc osci lagic

cstc scr r r r r i l l t ' r r t iv r lr t i i t pcn t r t t nrorncntul lcc iz, ic i i r ra lc, c l t ; ; i ,

t l r rp r t t rn rvoln l ,cc lc i l , cntru rolu l gradulu idc intcresEi al l l rcs i -trnilor conllictuale. Oscilantii din indoial;i s-au hotdrit definitiv

nrrrlt rnai der,renre decdt oscilangii ntre partidc (57% pAnI in

rilrgrfst, .rgii lc 14%). Atunci, dacd i inrptrrgirngre nchottlrAgi n

tk r r r r l r r rp r r r i - cc i a i trnui s irrgurpart ic l c r is ta l iza t<r r i ii ; i osci lrrngi i

r l i r r r r t lo ia l r i ) i cc i careau existat ntrc doud part ide schinrbitor i i

pro l>r iu-z i; i ; i osci langi intre part ide) , descopcrirn A oarnenilor

cA[c 2ur rrtcnl ionatl)c l)arcursul antl lart ic i i l v() tczc pcntru ar n-

bclc purt ir lc c-a r r r tmult nr a i mult t i rnp s i la jungil a un vot f inal

r lcc i i tacclora arc au osci lat oarintrc un par t id ; i p ro l l r ia ndcciz ic

(1,' igrrra 3). Aproape doLtd reimi dintre cei care au oscilat ntre

cclc clorrilpartirlc r)u s-au hotelriit lrccis pind in pcrioada finaltra

crurrprrn ic, i ;l ) r ( ) i r l )clo r rJ rc in r i t l in t rc cei nchoti \r ig i n priv inga

rr r r r r i i r rgLrr l r r t ids-atr r< t r i l r l t lc l ln i t iv l i in i t n august. )c nt i lsur: l

cc c i tn r l ' r r r r r i r rntrx irr u l t i r r rc lesdpti inr in i,oalnenii care nci l nu

ajttnscscrria o clecizie inaldcrau acciacare usescr',In tabJraopo-

z , i t ic i u ccvAvrcntc naintc.



I l0 / llunni.sttu/ t:ota/ui

Iiigurrr 23: ()oaetii u,efluclucdx/i r/oar futrr tut ltartir/ ,ri ttopria lor

iulrixia .sc rotuini.sc ai rqrr/e r/ecrit u:i ute o.erikupi iulrt:

rlouri purlir/e

Osci lan[ i i nu is ingur art id Oscilanli intredouaoarlide

Momonlul docizioi linalo

Sol ) lomt ) r i c - o i om br i o . . . . . . . .

. lun ie-august- . . . . - . .

Totalul e cazuri

( irudul dc intcrcs, prcsiurr i le confl ic tut lc ai r r lcg r i t ' r i i m. l l i l i

carc a f.st r r lu l in tcresulu i Penrrualcgcrigi al prcsiurr i l<lronfl ic-

tu i r lc ,pe fundalu l fcn 'nrcnulu i c lcc t . ra l , n cazrr lacestor rupuri

dc a lcgdt.r i c irrc au ajrrns a deciz ia inald clevor pc cr i i d i fc r i te?

I -a t t l i fc rc r r l r i r t c i r l . i fac t r l r i lc i r r f l r rcn r ll)c l( 'c f i r r lcg i i t , r i lz

s i t t t l t i l cstc c l r r r : i .)c l r ru lcg. l tor i i r rpt iv i a r lcg i i to r i i r rob i l i i

t tnui s ingrrrPi r r t idpi p in i l l r ra lcglror i i rrobi l i arc au osci l i r t r r t rc

cc lc r lo r r i lpart idc s-aobscn'ato sclk lcrc ( )ns t lu l t ia irr tcrcsulrr i i

o sporirc a L' l lc c ( ) t ls t i l l t t r lt l t rcs it tn ikrr on l l ic t r r t r ic .)arrrcni i ar cp i -a r r c :h i r r r l ) i l rIX)z . i t ian crrrsrr l amllanic i, i r r r r ic ioda t i ln tr-at ir

inc i t s i i c()c lrcrezc rr anrbclc part idc,s-au situat ntre alcgitor i i

c o n s ta n I i ; i c c i c a re u s c h in rb a t[ )a r t i d u l . l t f e l s p u s , r r l i ta t r f o s t

nrai nrarc intcrcsul gi mai rct lrrseprcsiurr i lcconfl icrrra le supra

t t t ' tc iPcrsoallc , i r ta t i t l rcc i rs ta a ' , , r r tc l r r l in ; r t lc r sc r lcc i<lc lc l j -

n i t iv . t lc l i r rrccprrtrr l l r r rP i rn ic i ,i l r i r sc r i lz .g i rn r l ir l tc r io r l ; ig r r r i r

24) . Daczl rrra lcg i i t . r a nrani lcstat ra i putin irrrcrcs. i i . rr supus.

in a c c la g i i r n P ,n ra i r r r r l r ' r r c s i r rn i , t u n c i l s -a n d r i t n r i r im r r l t

9i nra i t icc l ' c r r r t lcc i i t c l lg i i t , r i i c i rPt iv i , lar a < lc ' i r t c loar prc o

'l'ioaihdcsrhinrl'd'i | | I I

l;igrrra Zai C;u it e'temai mic nterzsul antenilor icu cit su,t rnai

L n,,,,,rtlose ,e'siunileonflichtalcdroru /c runt ttptt,ri'u

atit nai aaiakle suil inre4iile or deaot

AlegAtori Oscilanliiunui Oscilanfiintre

captivi sincrrr arl id dorrAart ide

Oouesalrmal rntll lo il)urldo proslunl

a(rta0onic€ l nlerosmal scezut

Doul .^r, mal mlt l lo i t 'ur i e prosl t lnl

antagonlco l ntBros ldical

Niciun lip de presiune onllicluale

sauunul singursi ntoresmai scazul

Niclun tip de presiune onflictuale

sau unul singurgi nterss idicat

Numirtotal de cazuri

tcr)tat iv.Jc,,Nu gti t t", a l r {si l trcaci l l 'cct iv rt ccalalt i laIr ir i l .

Nr.rrnaiei carc uavutmult prea l l f in ntercs entrt l legcri iur r

lostsupugimult nraintultorpresiuni onflictttalett luctuat fectiv

intre cclc dou'.i artidc.'1

Accst irpr lustrcaz.dazuloscilatrli lorntre celc dottri )arti(lc:

ei au fostoamenii fnsiatiin irecaii ontrarei f'trrtr n ntercs ca l

pcntru alcgcri,care -ar i ajtrtatstr czrtlvcaccste onflicte9i sr i

l jurrgil a () lccizicserioas{ isolidl.Dars-atl i lsat nflucnfrrfi lc-rr

lrrngrrl arnpaniei,sci lAndntre celcdou'J art ide. tl nunti t i rl

au ltArz.iat rrai lult decit oricealt grup uarea nei decizii, lar,

arunci nndau acur-o, u ostdispupi { se ase onvingi,n accastil

l lrivin;ri,dc cinevadin anturajul or. Acegtioameni, are, ntr-un

fcl, au fost pi singunrl egmental electoratului area rccttrs a tr

sc[imbarc ir{icir[ ] ,rrr <lst cl mai )u[in ntcrcsal i lcalcgcri , cl

rnai lrrgin rctrcupirl ilc rczultatul cestora,cl nraipl lr inatcnti il

matcrialul ol i t ic i fuzat emccl i i lcormale c comttnicarc,t l t i t t t i i

care -au totiirAt sttpragtulttigiceinrai rrfltrcrrlabili,ntr-rtrt lnal,

l l r iptr-un()1tact ersonal,arnrtclco anttnri t l i, tcnl i" a rt lcgc:ri16r.

(45)

( 1 4 s )

l /] / )lantt.ttttu/t.vttulri t'iputile rh.vlitill)nn / I l3



I)e scrrrt,cci carc 'Juschir)tt)at1)artidul persoancle llc calror

v ( ) t r r r i r r : ln las c l lo r i i r i i tcPAn i l r r r r l t in rc lcs t r r< l i i lc carnglanic i.

o a l l r c n i i c i r r c g i -a t rl ) l r t l l t s c l l i r l r b a l i r c c g ia o l i t i c i i n u l t i r n r r l

tn ( )n )c l t t l t r r irs t, a sr i PrrrrcDrpa, l isp r l r r i l l i l i >cntrtrr l t in t i ll lc r -soarrdpe ci lrc a l t in t i l r r i t -o inaintcrrz i lc i a lcgcri [or. ) i i rc rcac: i

O r t rDc r r i ir r r c c h i rn l l i l r r r t i t l u lr r t i r r r p r r l; r r r r r p r rn i c ir r r r c cp l r t c ,

in Pr inc ipa l , l i l rc ir tcg,r irr c lor a l io r r r r l i ,c l lcx iv i, cr) lr5t ic lr1 i5 ii r rc

sc : tsd onvin; i r lc argulncntc lc l irr arn l lanic stc cu totrr l rona t . . l .I)c lirllt, cci rlcsprc carc vorbirrr cPrcz.intii rraidcgrabllcolrtrirriul.

' I 'rtisziturilcde persorralitate alc ulegritorilor rnobiIi

I )crsonali tdgi lcl i fc r i tc l ' r t i l lu r i t lc r lcg i i t . r i p ' t f i c ' rrrp irratcl )cbazrr valudri l ' r f icu tc dc intcn, icvat ' r i i r rog t r i .DuP. i a l l la tru lcaintcrv iu, nrorncrr[ n carc anclrctatr lr i i evcniseri idc ja conpticnt i

c lc r i is i i r r r r i lcPcrsorra lc lc s r r l r icc t i l r l r,iccarcmcrrr l>rurl c$rrnt io-

nului a fi)st cvaluatPc o scarrl rali cei lc cvirIuarc,ac<lpcrinrl .ccctrdsilturide pcrs<.rnalitatc,{iordc obscrvat1tcparcrrrsul arnpanici.

I-a apr0a1>eolttc c i lracter ist ic i lc .lcg r l to r i i ( )ns ta r ) [ i u avut

c s t im l r i s t t p c : r i o a rcagd c c c i n rq l r i l i . t i a r r f i r s t l c f i n i t i p r i n t r - '

nr ir inrarcs ig r r ra r r l i lc s irrc, i ind, dc asculc l lc l l , ra i l inc in f i r r rn : r1 i ,

nra icoopcranti i i cu ar i idc intcrcs r ra i a rg i .l '0arc

acesrc r isr l tur i

corcspuntl9i rr tcrcsulu i or lx r l i t ic ,nct suPcr i< l r . ' l i r l i sc i lang i i ,c

dc a l t i l l )artcr u r lcrnonstrat garrrdi r r r i ta t t lc intcrcsc ; i lc c.n-

t i lc tccor)runit irrclc in arrtocvalu i ir i lcor, ic l l r in i r l tc nstrrrnrcrrtc

t lc t t l i ls t t r l lr r t l ic i r tcl r l tc r io r . ccst rrcnr r rb l i l r i i rz , i li rp t r r lc r i c in l t -panic rc l lu ic rcor ic l r ta t i rc l ) ta t

[ )c l r t ru-i c i ; ; t ig r r

1 lc:c inr ir iprrg in

intcresagi; i r lP l ic l t i , Pc i r rd iv iz i i , retragi ' , , u o r iT.o l . l tu r ix istcn-gia lcnrai n 'Jrg iu itc.

o s c i l a n t i is -a t r i s t i ' s p r in r r - r r g ra t lm r r i r r r l t < l c , i r r r p a r t i a l i -tAtc " ' carca rczultat,probabil ,d in cz i r i i r i lc5i c l in rczcrvelc r . r r .nplus,oscilantiiarrP:irursiisufcrc?ntr-o nainrarcn)asLrriilc nadaP-

ta l l i l i ta tc .prol lat i ll l r in t r - t . rta rcspor i t i i c ncnruItrrnr irc i ips i idcincrcdcrc rr s inc. l ,src r .rn iParPs i l r , l .g ic r i l rc c lrno:icut, n crrrc

discontirrtrtlarc rcpercusirrni n Lone carenu sunt in directi legA-

trrn ic l r rn ( ) t ivu l t t fc r i r t tc i .

l,lstirrriirile crl'cctuatcastlPra alegiltorilor mobili propritt-zi9i,

c i lrc l l r rccu t r lc l i r tn l lart id a altu l, au indicat a l l t t r lc{ t re l l t l ie

l r ra t r ln considcrare i d irect iaschimbdri i .Nu att existat rds i l t t t r i

tlc llcrsOrrrtlitlrtcilre sil <lcoscbcascilccastil {tcgoric ca atarc.Cl a

t i l l rlc llcrsorralilttc, accStia u dovedit n ttririnlarc ntilsttrilascmA-

nriri crt sirrtpatiz.arrtii artidtrlui spre care att virat cleclt ctt cci alciiror larticl -arrallrrndonat.Dup'Jcum vom vcdca, acest tlcrtl este

valabi lpi pcntru a lte variabi le ocia le.

(jiit tlc rrrobili sunt alcgaltorii rnobili

Dacriantrrrriti irctori -au determinat pe oamenisd se rdzgindeascd

o clatii,poate ci au contribuit pi la alte schinrb{ri ulterioare. Exact

a$a -il pi ntirlplat. AlegAtoriicaregi-auschimbat o datd nten;iile

clc vot au first susccptil)il i de a se rrlzgindi din nou in orice mo -

nl"nr. in ansanrblu, 59Vo clintre schimbdrile decise de aleg'trtori

rlc-a rrngrtlinrrcgii campaniiau fost ntreprinsede doar 38Voclintre

alcgr'rtrrrii totrili (care, a rlndul lor, au reprezerltatdoar l9Vo di n

ar rs i r r r r l r l r r llcc(orrtu lu i) . ceast{ oncerttrarc unci scr i idc sc l t im-

briri nrrrltiplc ntr-un grup relativ mic poate i ilustratilgi ntr-un al t

nrocl. I)cntru ficcare interviu, putem clasificaalegdtorii in dourl

grrrprrri:accilr c:arcau rccttrs a o scltintbirrcde orice tip, intr-tttr

anunrit rnonrcnt, pi acciit care ntl att fdcut<r. Aleg:Itorii cilrc s-iltl

rilz.girrdit tlrrtrl rr irst de trei ori mai dispui;iclc a-gi schirnba lirr

norr ntcn; i i lc la rrrrrrdtorulntcrv iu, conrparat iv tr cc i carc ntt o

ftrcuscrti cloc.

Accastii nrobilitatc reprezintil nltmai tl exterrsie a inflLterrgci

irr tcrcseler i presiuni lor onfl ic tuale.Oamenii c: lrora i s-a prirut

dilicil sI distingrl rrtrc calit{li le celordoua partide ;i carc,?n acelaq;i

t in rp , nu au fost suf ic ientde interesa[i e alegeri a s{ a jr tngd a o

deciz, ic rr ost mai supugicurenl i lor de in f lucn l : la i campanieipi ,

i r r consecirr t i i .nai nstabi l i .



I I .l / ,llu ani.run/ t,o/ttlni

l vo l t r f r r rr lcgr i todlor rrrobi l i

' l i r1 iacc5tir ttu u r l t r lcc iz. icln r r l i ln trc uni lc r tn ic i rro icnrlrr ic .) r r r ,

irr accstc ron'rcntc li{'critc, i nflrrcntclcarr irst lifcritc. )rirrra nllu-

cn [ i i ts t l l ) r i t lcc to r r t t t tl t t it rob i l n i t r rsanrb l t ts r r ryc l ] i trr urxt t tn ic,

o t l r t t i t t t c r r l r i t l l l r rc r ri r r r r r lc i .{cgrcrctrs irut i lcrccstor vcnin)crrtc l i l l

r i lz . l ro i t t lu r ( ) l )c : lnr r t i )s tcxtrcnr lc l i rv r l ra l r i lclc r r r r rc r r r l i lo r .) i r r t rc

cci carc; i-art lcc is otu l irr l t rnu rrrrrc,l ru i i rc in r iau i icut-o )c l l t ru

dcrrt<rcragi,n llrinrul rind <lirtoritii aptulLri ii o crizdcuropcanli re-

ccsitr t rc r r t inc rc l ra )utcrc r nrc igrrvcrn: ir i x l)cr intcntate.

Apoi irrr l rnrat or lvcngii l c ,arc lcctor i i urcs - i lu ro t i r r i t lc l l r r i t iv

in i t r l ic ; i r t t tgtrstg i c latorc ltz.tr( ) tu l in spccia l rccstor vcnirrrcrrtc.

A lcg l i to r i i c l rc s- i lu ro t r i r i t t l t rp r i )o r rvc r r l i i r{cprtb l icutr i r u l i rs t

ittru.sitt nrasri lc \\rillkic, rt vrcrnc ce oan)cniidcci;i dupii ( onvcntia

I)crrrocrat l i -arrr lp i i r ; i t n r r i cch i l i l l ra t ntrc cclc douirpart i t lc , lc ; ; i

i -a t t prc[crat tot ])c rcp t r l l l ican i .Agadar, c r io l r t la ongrcsclor -a

r r j t t t a t c r c p t r l r l i c : t n i ,) c l co l l r r r t c ,c p r r l l l i c r r r r i ir t r i r t u t c o n v c n l i c

sl)cctacuoirsri,rr curc \/illkic. slallsrrstinut inil irtrrnci. -il cnt'.lrcilt

pr irr tr- trn l iscrrrsjnal c locvent, n t imp cc dcmocrati iau t inut un

c()trKrcs onsit lcrat<lc o l r t i i tu r rcao adtrnarc )rost ) rga l t iz l r t l i;i

1> l i r : t icoas l iarc i -1 r i .s t i r rsa; i l lc cvcrr irrrcntc l crnrcr icrnc )rccc-t lc t t tc s i 0tt t0 logc lOi rrl l r i r t lcccr l : i la lcscrrrrr i t tr r t an t l id i r t)c l l t r t l

t rn a l trc i lcan l tn t la t . l r c , lnscc i r r l :1,lcg i i to r i iu f i ls tscdrt5 i lc < , rn -

grcstt l c lr tr lr l icanikrri r lc c r tn r l i t l l tu l <r r .rr <lctr in ' icntu llcnrocnl-

t i lo r . ln l i r r i r l . l i r r t rc ( ) t iorutrcni i i r rcau trccut a u:r a lt l la r t ids i r r r

t lo l r r ar t p r i r r is i t l . r nunrit l )a r t id ,n ic i n r i ic r runul nu a inv<rclt icp l r t t t i r r r r ral ) r r r t i ( lu lu i r r c ' . r t rz . i i ,lc c ' . r r r t l i r latu ll)cntn l postul rl c

v i c c p rc s c t l i r ) r ci r n o t i vu l s c l r i r r r l r i i r i i .l t r c i l c i r r r r i n c l i r ti c a n d i -

d a l i i i r r g i y i. r ) r c 5 c d in t " i cu i r s t . t c rn c l c " i r r c u c o n s t i t u i t t o t i -

v c l c s c l t i n r l r i r i i .

i r r t i r r r l l r r l r l t i n t c lo r i i p t i n r in i c l c c a rn p u r r i c u i ru l l v u t l ( ) c

cvcrr irrrcntc onrpirnr l l i l c ;a n l lrrcnt i l< : t rrr l i ingc:rc lr i r r rn tc i i cr r

corrvc t or l ) t r t dc ( r . r r n rpr rrccstc i.c r ioa t lc i rz i i . cc lc r lorrr l

l)ilrti(lc 5i rtlor:ltscriilcjir, rr )1rlrc. uantlulul \'otrlrilor.Si-r c ntorrr-

c c n l a c l l n l r t l r o c c s c lc ' i l r c ruu fc c t i r tl i s t r i l l n l i r r c c s l ( ) ra .

( 'A l ' l ' l ' ( l l , t 1 . t tl

Bfes111l

tlc activrrrc

Capitolul preccclcnta difcrengiatciltcl{oriilc

de oameni care gi-tltl schintbat intcngirrcl e

vot in t impul campanic i.Ce p t t tc t t t spt lne

insi despre naturo deciziei pe care itu lu?rt-o

in final? De ce au sfar;it prin a sc declara

republicani satt tlcnt<tcratitAici ajttngcnr la

unul d intre principalc lc ezt l l ta tcale s t r t t l i t r -

Iui nostrtt.Ceci, n timp ce oamenii czitil, nrc-

diteazrl9i 9i imagineazilcrl vor hotiri in ntttd

ra[ionaldrttmul mai lrttn pc carc l vor ttrnta'

1larc,ttlcsca, xrsillil srlprczicctl.tdc ht nccltttt

ce vor hot{ri ei sA acd n cclc din rrrmrt'Cltt-

nosciind cAteva dintrc tr{siiturilc lor spect-

ficc, putcnl s[)tlncctt destulilccrtittl(linc cunr

vor vota nfinal: se vor ahtura grupului cdruirr

ii apargin.Camllania nu titcc altceva dccit sri

le activeze predispozilii le politicc'

Sri explorirn mai intii deciz' ii lc ttittc tl c

acci oamcni pc carc i-ant nunrit ,,cristaliz'a-

to r i " , a t l ic i ls t l l l iccg i i r0rc,a l l r i l l l t t l i t r rcn ' i r t

d in luna nrai, t rc i l t t t t sc I t t l t r l r isc r ic tt c t t lc

v()rv()ta, lar att f' lctrt-o tt:ti ti irz,itl ' n tinrprrl

campanici. Prctlispoz.ili i le or politicc stttrt

c l tnosclJtc r i r rann l iz . l I ) l ) - i r r t lcx t l ls t r r l r i l i t

/ l6 / ,l l4,,,,1rnrrt/ t.tt/tr/ni

l',frr/u/



i l r Ju ' i t r r r r lI I I . : - r r rc r i t r rt r l l i ccg i r . rr t r i l ( r i r i ic ' t l r i l r cr r r r l t r r i c i_natc i r l f i i t i l tcr i cc i t rc i I ' i rc tor i ,r i l . c l l r lsocio .rlcrrr,'-uur'r'ctrirt.riinscgulir" ,,,.',ri,,r'"t;:l'i:',i:';:l,lji,lili;c:r ; rcrs ' r r r r r irc cr ig ic . tor icr i ,t ,cr r i r r r rr r , r i r ' r r r r , , . i , , r ir r irr) lrrtir i i ,)(rrr '*ir irti ii r r fcr i<xrrcrsr:rrrcii t ,rs., . ,r ,r r t i ,s i tarcr)(ri lrr i i; t t t t c t t t t c : il c t - i ' , t r t l r c l c r l r ' t : r r r l i .)P r r s r r l ; r< ; c s t r r ii r r r l i v i t ll r i r r r t : 1 i cl c r c c i ; r 5 il c i r i r e r , r i r - i r. r r s r i t r r i t , r r c , r , r t , , r . tc t r : c l c , r r r il l r r r c r r r i c crcr spoz.i l rc

l lur l ic i l r

c: i : r rncr 1 , r , , , " r , , , , , ,)r()s l)cr.s r i ' r c s r ' r r r ) c l r ) l l c l r r ) c r i r ' r i c r i r r r c c s t r r c r c x r i s t i r r i z . l r t . r i l r rt : l r r cr r r r r r r rr r r r i r i r ' c r )o t l i r i t i , , r , , 1 , , , i\ , ( ) t ' r r r i ,r a r r r . i i i r z . i r r- l r r rl c c i s ' r r r ' r r r r r i ir c i r r r i r l i r r t r c . . i. , , ' 1 , , " , t ; r 1 , , , r i 1 i il c ' r r r r l i c r r r r cs _ r r r rr . t i l r i r t ' i r r r r i l r . c r ( ) r ) ) r ) r i c . s r - iv ' t c z c 1 , . r "1 , , ' t r r i a r r . i; i c : r ' t r c is l ' c r t r r r i inrrc r :c i crr p rc r j i .s lx rz i r i i< lcn r , , . r ,rlc r.crapiiigu*ril. nr,f"r, nrr_u,,," ,t:l:,. ::::: i:';l:1,r)rr(:rr rczicc crl ccrt irrrtr inccrrnsidcral l i r, irczurtatrrrel ibcr, i '_i lor.; lc crrrc ie clt i :rr r lcgri trrr i in1i1ir r r_tt;a1i;rccsrrrir't c'srcrurir.)c .'r, cztrrtrtJ,,':i:,ff;iJi]"J;]li:ru ir

cor)s;t i rt' ( i rr 'r:rrcir rc roi ' i rt i i , ci 'sc()atcrca asrr'raf i trda cc*rrvcclri , rccinclrr_lc1r"rr" r., ,g.1uufi ,", . ,r i r i r i i9i al clccizici .

Iiigttr:r 25: l,rtr/i.t1trt_:i1iih,.,rttri.rrtrrtlr/r.rrtrtt ll,l,, ta lu,rttti/.t/i /)t?xt(ult r/aixii/t: ril, ool rr r/crrtry r/iu tit,

iu ntz,u/ oanu,ni/rtr.rinr .runt /rt ittr)prrr rn,irtlrirti/iCristalizatoricu

prodispozil i ircpublicancCristalizatoriu

predispozil i idomocrale

l;;i;l(87)

.. t-auvotatpodemocraf

---.-. . . . . . .t_au olatpo ropublicani

Totalul o cazurr

rfuailh,an / / tz

(Jarrr,arri i lcclcct,rarc u't inrportanter; lr inrur rind pentruc: irn/icvrt::.i 'rcrrislr.zigiirchrc'tc. Dc lccc:r, c vorn .rrrc'tir clltrc'irrr:rfzrr rriri lctirri irti lrcccir eseI)ctrccen accstr)roccs eadiaare.

Itl 'occsrrldc nctivare

(' l i i tcr ' ' :rrrrr.r.gi i' r c.rrtr ibui acruri f icarcacr. ' i r icul icic 'rrcc'_tLrlrri c acri'irrc.O fbt'grafieseaflddejape u' negativ xpus, arcu rr al)arc /i ' i i cind ccrcare<-revcr'pcazri u o scoatc ir uminit- t tr i r i rrt i i o. rrrrrgi lrcl lal icl i l , l l r_rin toatrtrscupintctontrrstelors ; r l c ' ' s : l ccr l r rc ' t rcvc r 'pc i i r tr ,a , cxc rc : i ta t . i c ii ' i r t rc '1 l rr lnr'rr)r 'n,rrt i rrrrtului,ragini i . au sd nc gi indinr acol l i i i c lrrc e';.acii ' rrcriri, cu ' bucatd re hrrtic gi o rnonedii, nrllrinriindu-iaccs.reiarr lr6niecapulsaupajura.Nici o inragine u n, fi iegit aIrrrrira lirctrsrr'rafagaoncdeinu ar i avuto structriri i. ar slrnr.c:rr5111'gl l fc l)cr ' i tc,gc ca si lscoatcrrr, str l l raf i .rgi t, , , , , , ,r, , |

-u .

i t t l i trci t t lc ')r,PrtgatrrlrrJi ' t i rn;rtr l anrl ;alr i i l ,rrcccvi l . c 'r.rrrrcrr rcriu'cu btrgrafirruiau cArbuncruic deselr. aaclucc rccris-p'z'iti i lcalcg:rr'rirora iverrrlvizibiritagiiiarcxpresiei.'I.ransfbrnratcntl i rrtclc ol ir iccatclttentr_ur.rot manifcst.

l ;o r tc lc r lc l tc t ivarc )c (, : r r^1r. , r . , . . , r ; . . . . -

rcir r , ",r,,,,r;,ff. ii,'i"Tul,'',*::ffi".:111,;Tfi,::i:' r ' r i r lc: zi i rrclc ' c ' istcrc;i racri .ul .n al tr. i rcn d'd, i ' frucngcrc'c:rs,rrrrlc:rirct;tc irrc, $a 'nr von)vcdcanttri i irzirr,l lot fi l 'aiirrrlrrrrrrrrrrcfccir;rulll icitateapult/iciryl

fr" ,.rr,i largi. n cclc ccrrr)lci lzrllc i ,()r.ocupan l lr inci 'alcic ' .dtrl i ,r , ,rcnnr,r,,*a,rU*l irrrrr ir l : ilcz"rrr l srrrr ct ivcazrt.cri 'at i i rc atcntc rearcgi l to.rlrr i .

(-icipnLru pu;i ai rrctivarii

l ixisci 'at.r llasi trcccsivi'tr-u'proces 'rornrare uctivare.i uornc.. ' i r r)cscurtgi 11,i ()nrcxpunc'rai cretal iatProbcrc,r",. ,rr, ,t iccarc l inrrc i.



I /ll / ,llutrrti.tttttr/'otrr/rti

l. l>rr4n.gtrtr/rt /rrx',t/t, itt/t:rt:.ru/'. )c rrxisrrrri cc cantl)ilni;l ia l)r()-

l ) ( t r t i , ( ) r l t t )c t t i i ' r t rcnt t i l l r l i )s t n tcrcsrr t i nccp s i i - i rcorr lc rr i n t l t l t i i

: l t c n t i c . i n r t < : c s tt l ( l i u , l ' o l r r r r r u l r c s c i r r t la l l l r o p l r g a n < l c i s t c c c l

crt rc: t l : tz i i s r : l rrDIXr rc l r .

2. Inlrtr:tt/ rtt'.rrtt/ rottr/rtr,, h o rt'rt'/t/it,ilrtlr nni il,lu?: Vc nrl'lsttrit

t c o i t l t t < ' t l t l r ' rc c s t c s t i n ) i t i r r t c r c s l r l r i v i r r t l i i r t r r o l i t i c i l , l t c l ) l i l

lo r s l tor i t l i i i t lc tcrrn i r t i l s l l r r r r t l i r c l rsc r l r t t r -o rn i isur i in . t i r r l l t rc ecca

cc l i sc o lcr i i . ln i t i l t iva a lcgr i rr)nr lu i cstc nra i cv idcnt i i iu accst

s ta t l i t r , ar rc l r r t i i r src circular: i . tent iasp . r i t r iducc lao cx[)uncre

n)ai ntcnsi i ,carc sr irr)cprc i rn i r inru lt i r r tcrcsrr li a tcngia i ducc

l r to c x p t r r r c r c; i r r i r in t c r r s l i i a s i r n l r i l c l l a r t c .

.\. lltn/it r,.r/t 'rr ' /tt/it,rj:)c rrrilsrrrii c irrtcrcsrrlcrci;tc ;i irlcgli-

t r r r r r le<rngr ic i l i / .c ' , r / ,2 \lcs t i i i ; r r ra rcavcninrcntc lor. nccPsii ntrc n

jrc prct l isPoz-it i i lcL r i . ) in ganra argri propagiln( lc i l isP.n ib i lc ,

cl irtcc:1lc ii sclccLcz.c. a prc[cra trrrclc lrogrirnrcaltorrr; ril n)crgcl r t l t t c l c r r t r r r r r i r ir l t i l c g r r t l l i il c c i t r r r l t c l c ; i r r r t c l c g c r r r r r u rn r i t

I t t c r r t l i t r t r - t t t tl i s c t t r sn t l c t l i r r r c r r t t r lr l t r r i a ,l i r r t r - u r rr l t l i s c t r r s .

As t { t l , i r tc t r t i r l r r i sc lcct iv{ consoli t lcrrz ir rcdispozig i i lc Lr care

in t r i i in carrrp irn ic.n accsts ta t l i r r ,n i t i r r t ivai lrpart incaproapc n

i t r t rcg i r t ic r lcg r i to r r r l r r i: i r rcl)rosl)cctcr lz l ic rc l )u i . i nrra cc l r l rc l r rc

l r t c Pr rPu ; , , r t r r r l r l .r r r l i f r c r r t l c r r r r j l . r r c c l cPr r l l l i c i t r r r cusc r r . r : ,

a t c n l i r r c l c c t i v r i i r r t l i v i t l r r l r r is t cccac a rc - i l c t c r rn in i t l c g c r i l c 2 .

4.l'oluih, .reoisla/irertz.ri:n firral, au icsir lrr lLrnriniidcstule

d i r c c t i i l c g i r r rd i r c i r u c r ) r i n r c n tci r t c n tc ; is r r f i r : i c n tcl r g lu n c r ' r t c

r l t l io r r : r lcrrr i rs r ) rc l l r i l lc l i r rc:rrrrprrn icl)cntru l sc . lungc i ro dcci-

z. ic . L ir tcrr lc lc tru r lcvcrr i t r r r r rn i f ' cs tc ;csigrrranta l isparc; lcg i i -

toru l cstc gr r t i r i i - ; i lc i rv r l t r r l .

| ) l r rpu{ r r l r r l r rsporc;te r rLcr r l ia

I)c t t t i is t t r : i c tot t t ta i t t t t l t l ipro l l l rg irncl i i- r t cv i l r .s t l t)cstc l is t r ic tu l

l ' l r i c , r r r l c P l i s i tx r r i c r c l c ro r r r r : r l cl c c z i s t c r r t t : ii r ra t l r r sr l c g c -

r i l c i r r i r t c r r l i r ru tu r ( ) r . ) i i l i v r r l r n r c r r i ,i r a r t cl l t r t i r r i , o r l i r r l r n i r s

I,.ftrnl rk rrtitnn I ll9

inscps i l t i l i ,d r r r ,pe ansarnblu,n d is t r ic t ,antp l i f icarc antpanic i t

{ i rs r u l l la t l l lc r :rcgtcrcantercsulu i. ntrc l r rn i lemai ; i octomlrr ic .

prgportria ulliecpilorneinteresafide camparriea sctlztttdc lrr 3'/6

la 7o/o,ar Propor;ia cclor ce au nlanifestat un interes puternic a

crescut <le t ZllVoh 38Vo Figttra 26).

Accastl crcf crc gclcra l i l a in tc rcs t l l t ti r l ) l l tcx i a t r i l r t t i t i lkxtr

apropicr i i z i lc i rr lcgeri lo f,nsd avcm l ' tos ib i l i t i r teae a s t t r t l ia t ru i

indeaprotrpe elaliadintre explnefea la propagandi9i nivcltrl inte-

resului. VIetoda a fi explicatdaici mai am'inun[it, cticiva fi firlositii

c lcmai multe ori n acest tud iu .Numai pc baza nterv iur i lor cpc-

rarc, c1 accia;i indiviz.i, stc 1-rosibiltr naliz.rltnltent rclalirl<.linrrc

i l f l r rc r r lc lc cxcrc itatcasl l)ra contunit i t i i 9i sch i r l rb i i r i lclc op i r r ic

caresurvir l n t i r r l l ; .

Sd incepenr crr oantenii care au exllrinrat un gra(l ntctlilt dc

inrercs alli clecantpanie n luna august.$tirn clit ' ; propagandri oli-

t ic . . l u c i t i t s l t t ta t t asc t l l ta t ntrc l t rn i lea l lg l ls t ; i octornl lr ic c l t l l ' r l l

i r r r l i t : l t to r t t lt t tc rcs t t l t t i cncr l t l t lcsc r is n Crr l r i toh l lV. At : t t t t t , i1

irnpdrlin'r ace$ticetdleni nre{itr intcres:r;i tr fltltt ' .1 nlllttri - tccia

cares-agaratatntai reccptivi lccit mcdia pi cei cares-aucxptls nlai

ptt[in. S-ar tutca incerca9i o clasificarcmai ntlal][atil, lar aceasta

l.-igtrra ?6'. rterrsul Pcnhil ahgci av,rle iluotiohil, 7v nti.ttrrii

ceuubatia fi)ailsenzd

Nivelul interesului August

Mare .. .

Mediu .. .

Ma i

FInl""ltl@(2.7ss)

Nu l

Oclornbrie

r-ll"*lt-tl.'.1U(e46)1 . o 1 7 )Num6r otalde cazuri

I J0 /' l lar,tni.rnrn/ r.yt/tt/tttl,Jrrtu/ lr ntnwtr / lJ I



c l in r t r rn i inu r r r l \rca vantaju l in rPl i t r ig i ii al 1 l : is t r i i r i i unr irLr lu i

dc r:azrrr intrc r r is tc i rn i rc czonalr i lc .( urn s-a n . r l i l lca tn ivc l t r ldc irr tcrcs l cc l< l r l . r . r r ru l l r r r i n tre

htni lc august ocron)l)r ic?l i r t i

sL r l> icc t i ir i l r t r r r iscar rrn rrtcrcs

nrcdiu n i trrgust;otrrg i,l l i r r { in octoml;r ie, n i i pi s l to r isc r t l ,ar a lg i i

i ; ; i P ic rd t rsc r i ll i r r r r tc rcs . )c t lc i r l tdp i r r tc ,gi t : : r r r t i t i r tc l rlc Pro l l r r -g r rn r l r la c r r rc r r r i rs tcx l l r rg ia t lc tcrrn irrat r l i l ' c rc r r I ic rc c r r r r r i l l -

cat iv i l r i r r tcrcsrr lu il)cnrru alcgcri ( l ; ig r r ra27) . l) in trc <:c icu ocx[)Lf crc n l i r t n larc decAtnredia,2 lo/o 'att lcpr ip it ive lu l mediu

ciitrc un grad rllrc dc intcrcs. lr vrcnte ce dintre cci cu o exprr-

Ircrc mai nr ic i l lcc i i tnrccl ia umai t lTo u evoluat<Jc a rrn ntcrcs

nrcdiu la unrr l nrarc.Nrr nrrnrai rccerca inr l lLr lu i r ust i f icatcreg-

tcrca ntcrcsrr lrr i , r tc i inrpul r { irst rcc la i ; il lcntru urrrbclc rupuri.

.5 in ic i nu putcnr cxpl ica difercnrc le din octombrie pr in cl i feren-

tc lc d intrc nivclrrr i lc n it ia lcdc interes, i ic i . runcic i ind a c leburat

corrrparrr; ia( ) r rs t r i l ,ogisrrb iecgi i c s itrrau rracclagin ivcl ( t in i ind

liigtrra 27: Ateo.rtu lirtgtuttrri se .eferri oar.la oaneaii cu utt itfere.r

uediu in luna au,qust.Cd ran din augustpittri in octon-

ltrie rik.rc Sia-rcultri infornnlii rle.sfrt canrlnnie, nai nu/t

rlrri r u rrl a rc i 1r' o . rrti ;s srp r n a-,r .s1 o ir n vsu ,

r.ortt/tarrtfiu tu rvi utrv sc 6pul .rubarca.stuincr/ic

Nivelul inleresului

Mare --..-.-.-.--. .

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scrunll lc trcl)tclc destttldc largiale sciiriinortstre) n )rivitlta preo-

c r r l l i t r i i r rcc l i ir r l r I lc pol i t i cd. n pcrioada ttgt ls t-{)ctontl lr ic tv t t t

lo r :o cxptrrrcrc nrr i rrarc a l lro l lagandd, arca c lt ts a t t t r r ivc l dc

i l l te lcs s t tbs t i tn t ial ra i r id icat n l t tna octotn l)r ie. O corttparagic

s i r r r i l r r r i iI )c ur) ntcrvalde t in r l l l t ta inrarepi antcr ioraccs t t l ia , l i l i

cx irct l i r r rn l t i p in i l in i t t tg t ts t , c l r r t cc l lg i rcrz.u ltat.)

Crc;tcret intcrcsului conduce la o exputrere tnui tnare

( ) clatii cc i-a fost stirnit interesttl, cetdteanttl ncclte str cattte

i r r l i r r r r rag i il in propric n ig iat iv l .Ant v i lz t t tdc ja , n C)a l t i to l t t l , ci l

<,anrcni i t t tn intcrcs n l i lnarc )ctr tru r lcgcri c cx l ) t t r l n t r - r lnra i

rrrarc niisurri ' ltrxului propagandci.Dar prrrentoarc tlenlonstra cd

r r ivc lu l n i l ia l n ra i id icatal in te resu l t t i t rage upai ine pi o cxpu-

ncrc rnr'ti ubstrrnlialtl?nterviurile repetatcne 1'lcrmitaccst tlcnl.

S i i r r rn l l r i ru , l in rrorr, rctodanoastr i l i i t t ta i trdeullroaltc.

\'orr.r nccpc crt llcrcchi dc grulluri care n pcri<,radaltgtlst-()c-

tornl>ric c sitrrrrtr e aceeagi ozigie agradde expttnere a tlli lteria-

lc lc propaganrl is t icc lc catnpart ie i l cctorale.)ouri se sit t tatt a t tn

r r ivc l n l l r . r t l tc lo t t i l i t t t t n ivc l r t tcc l i t t - i t tal t .o t t t l a t t t r t ivc l t tc -

c l i r r -sc iz t t t i , r r s i l15 i t . ou i l a un nivcl scalzut.n l t tn i rattgt ls t, l tc

u l l gru l) r l i r r jccarcl lcrcchea nr i l r tu r is i tur ntcrcssu l ls t r t r t t ia lt t1 i l

rlc elrnrl'riirric,l)rc rleosel;irede ceLillrltgrttl),carc a aritltt li; lsri lc

irrtclcs. )roblcnra cstc urn){toarea: c s-a tttirttltlat cu cxl)tltlcrca

la rrratcrillclc carnllaniei n cazttl accstord<ltt:igrttpttri ltcrcchc,

s in r i l i r rc in ptrnctrr l lc vcdere al expuncri antcr ioare, ar d i fc r i tc

din pttnctu l c lcvcdere al gradulu ide intcrcs?

irr pcriolclaallgust-{ctombrie, cel ntai nteresat rtrpr in flccare

pcrcclrc a c i t i t 9i a rscultatmai multc in f< l r r rug i ir iv inclcanrl la tr ia

(liigrrrit2l' ' i). ' l 'crrtlinla cncralala carcnc-tlnla$tcl)tat,lcccllcil l)crc-

c l r i lc c r t ( ) r)rare xl)rrncre n rtra i-augtrst i l - l i mcn [ in i i n ivelu l c lc

irrtcrcs gi in rtttgttst-<rctonrbric,stc viziltil i i itr curttit rrtrcgii dia-

guunc. l)ar pc uoi nc prcocupil nici dittrcnlclc rliulrv ltivclttrilc



| 2/ / t l ln tttvtn/ i.wlulttt

l;igtrrir 2u'. (':rh'/n/t upruli rh ttirv,luri slrt/ti/t.t./ifttn.vln tt/rc

o,rrtt.rtii ru grrtr/e r/i[r,it. r/r alttttrctr: ht l,tprt,grttr/ri itt

f/7ntil p/t,k lt rntttptrrtit,i. Li .s_aunryrirlit h firtrfie degritrh/ lrtr r/e itkrcs rliu luna au.qu.sl.Cri nni itttr:te.sa/iautilit,ri au a.sruhrrl

trtti rttu/lc rttrtletia/epriuiloarc /nrt,ttftarir itt r/aur.rtt/ rt/ti r/r-a rhua /tdrli a arc.t/t'ia, ltterlt t.rlti r l,' t t't,/ t r th, o . r/r (..\| u n (.

Expunerea inmaisi n otcursuluniiauqust

Mediu-inal ld Mediu-scAzutA ScSzutd

| 4 , 5

(186 ) (186 )bf

74 ) (33)

L-r Interes are n august f::r Interescizut n august ) Totalul ecazuri

l l c c r i r c iPc rc t : l r i .I r r r r i r i r r r r r cr r t c r c sa r r r rg r r s t r - r s c r r r r ra ti n ra rr ) r i r rc x l)uDcrc i r r ) l i l tc r i i r lc lc : r r r r ;x r r r ic ir r urr i lc carc: rr rrnrat.

r \ccs t l .c^r rrc pcrr. i tc s i i rcrrr ' 's tr i inr ccl dc-al < l< l i lcaPuncta l p r , c c s t r l r r il c r c t i v l r r c , ; i r r r r n r cr l , ' t l r r t l i t i n r i t

n t c r c s u l , l s ev r r n u n i l c s t r rr rs c r r s u lr r r c i x p r rn c r i l l o r i t c . ) c l i r p 1 ,c i h r i t r c to r iln tc r r tc t r ( ) l )c r rz . i i .- lc lc t lo t r l i cztr l tatcl)c c i lrc ( )c rn i l ic-arn lcscr iss l l l l t I )artc l i r r t r - t t t - tl ) roccs i ( ) t ) t in l t t t .I)ropagirnt l l rl r tcc a rrr l te rcssP.r i t ,c i r rc , a r in t l r r l r r i , i f rrccPcoanrcrr i ru i lo r r r ic i i isc- xpuni.i t t c , r r t i ' r r r i r rc ,l)ro l)agrr.r lc i; i a ,s i rr ra i rc1l.r tc .3)^r , arr lcrur.r o ' rv c r l c i t r r : c l c : c r r r r r c l r z { ,r rc r r r s t t l c c s tu il ) r ( ) c c s u t ( ) f i t t r r r c r r i is l l n t c x l )u f r r c c l r r i a l ii l t t l c p ro l l l g l r n t l i l .

l ;./ittul lr nlx.tttr f

Atcntirr cslc sclcctivti

At lcsca, ntr-o t:anr1 ' ranictrezidcngia l 'Jlrcr icani l ip ic i i t t t t cx is t r i

tunec[i l ibnl l lc r fcc t ntre ntatcr ia lt t l avorabi l<lctt locrat i lori cc l

fav r l ra l l i l cptrb l ical i lor; otu$i, ine vreasdsc in lbrntczc lcsprc l

tab i l r i i tnunlc lx ) i t tcgi ls is t t f ic ic t t tc atc. Si tL ra [ i l o l i t i t ' r i l i r r l is-

t r i t ' rr l i r i c , i r r u l r r l 9 4 0 , c s t c { c s c r i s ' J i l t ( ) i r p i t o l t r l X l l l ) .) i t t o f l ' r t i r

r r r r rc l r t t ic cc l t iva l i r t : i: t1 Xl ) t t t tc rca ..h r t rc t t i i t t tsc l t :c t r t tt t r t tc : r i r t -

lc le l lo l i t ice n cr-rpcordlnIz lu l t ro l t r i i lc or g r ts t t t r i i l l rc t l is l loz . i l i i .

(llrilr si cc:icarc ntt lttaserii ttcii o lttlti lriirc s-atlcxl)l-lsacclci l l r r>

l lagurrt lc t lcc r . ' : t tcl rc t l is lx lz . i ; i i l r l ror lo l i t icc t r t : l i t t l r t ' t t t ls t ic l t tc .

Accs t f i r l l t cstc l lor c lc cn t t l t ts t ra t . ) i t r t rc t t i ica rct t i l t l f ' , l l : i lt t l

irveauo itttctttic fcrrrtti c vot stttttclasillclti dttlx-tttrlcxttl prctlispo-

z rg i i lo rpo l i r icc ( l l )P) in doui gnrpLrr i : :c icu caractcr ist i t : ioc i i t lc

carc -ar i trc l ir ta prcclctnttcrat ii ce i c t t r i is i i t t t r i: r t rc :l l t l ic l ip rc t l is -l t r l z i l i i c p r r l y 1 1 , . . t 1 r . .r i r c . J p l i l l t i t l ' i i t t c l l i 6 l t t t t c t t it t t t ' l t 6 t , t t i t '

scrr i nc: l i lsu l ) t r t' o t t t l t t i .Apoi nc \ /o t l l t l ( l rc [ ) t i tl fc t l l i i ls l l rc L ' l t r l i r r

carc au fbst cX[)tlf ctlntUniciirilrlr ttll it icc, (lilr cl volll fitcc lttlltt tt n

i r f c r i tc r i t r . jc nc i tr tcrcscaZ. act lm ntt n ) i l icstc ' i l l l t i (a tc i l ,'i u lnrt '

rcapolitit 'ria rnaterialclor a care au fost expllli ' ' I 'oltc tliscttrsttrilc.

i l r t i ( ' o lc lc l i r r rcv istcs l t l rc la t l r i lc < l inz. irrrc)c calc r t f i r t t l r i: i l c - r t t t

c i t i t s iu r c - r r r rrscultatr tr i rs tc l i rs i t i t ' a tcn f l lnc l ic t lc co t t t i t t t t t t t lor

l lo l i t ic .As t f l , r l ln l)Lrtut las i f ic r rip t r l lc i t t tc rcs t l f icc i i r t t i s t l l ) icc t

c r r i in t l prct lorn in irnt c l )ub l icx l l , rc tk r t l i t r i t t t tlcrr tot i t ts : t t t tc t l t r l

( i n r r l t i r r r r r l' r r l . .l l [ ) i c ( ' t u lt t a s c t t l t r r s ca l r t t c i t i s c t i r r r i t ' s r l l tl ( ( ] r -( l i lsc rtcnt ic r r r t todcg l t l t t t l rc lo r l ) i t r t ' i ( lc ) .

l)crsoattc lc t rc i i t r r lcc isc ii c t l t r r \s i l t t t r it ' o t to t t t i< 'c .c l ig irxrsc i

rcziclclttialc arc i caractcrize'ttidcollicci pc rcpttlll ir:itlti -rll l xl)lls.

r lc rc :g r r l i i ,r r r r ta i ta rc t . t t is r t r r irr tpagattt lc ic l ) t l l ) l ic i tncl ; ig r r r r r ( ) ) .

( ci r r lc : r i r ' ( ) r. ' i r r r lc tc r is t ic ic t ' r t t t r t t t t i t :c ,c l ig . io:rsci lc r . . ' lc t l i t r t t i-

: lu ins cr i t r .cle rrocrx l inurnu l i r i tProp l rg r t t r t l r llo - t lc t t to t : t i r l r it t t t t r t t

r r r r rc r r i is t t r i lcc i t l)c cca l t ro - rc l t t tb l ic i tn r i .

l ix is t r i ce l pupin kr i { 'actor i arc dc tc rn t i r t i i tccstc l i l i ' rc r r t i t : r i .

I lnul cste cxtcr ior a lcgitort l l r t i .Accsta <tctt icstci t t r t r ii . s t fL ' l l

lJ.l / tl luutr.ruu/ uolultti l.Jntul de rntirvuv / | J5



liigtrrrr 2(): )uttcttii (iltr.,tu.t-ou i(i.r inri asu/trn :otulrri ortr (.,\'lu,t ttui tttrtftltrnlta.qunlri partir/n/ui rzjltr nrr

ii prt'r/i.t1tu ttnr/iu

Prodispozi l i iopublicano

Au rrrnr?rritn modaoalpropaganrlaropublicani i po coa democrati l

.. nri urmllrit n principalpropaganda emocratA

Au urmnritn principal'propagandacpublicand

Totalul e cazuri

(Subiocli iari i o decizie e vot n lunaaugust)

Predispozil i iomocrate

(172\

c r t c f t c z l r l r cl ) c l r t r i l c r r r r i c r i ,' i l r c lu r tn l i r i l c :g r i r l ) ; lc p r r l l l i r : r r r r c ,

sr lu ()cuicftc i ro r i r ; , r ; r r i l : rLrc lcl r r inru lt ,c l isc r r t i i i r r t rc olcgi is i l in lunc i t ( ) r i .crrrc sl,nt pro-s indica[c;i pro-r lcrrrOcratc. nturajrr lsc lccteazi il ) ro l)agan(laa carcsul) icctu l ste cxl) i ts .

I )a r r r r r r i x is t i i ;i r rn clL 'ct c l l rc sc drrtorc:rz i ' tl l rcc l is l loz . ig i i lo rPs i l t o lo g ic ct l c i l t t l l c o r t l t i c n tc l c a l c g i i t o ru l r r i .) i n n t r l r r c ro r r s c l cI t r icx l lcr icrr tca . tc r i . i r rc ,l)c carc c rru ; ia lg i -rarrc ' ii i , grrrpLrlrr icc.nonlic , rc l ig ios ic . ,n r r tn i ta r ,lcstc prcg l i t i ts l iacccptc numitcIucnrr i r . i r i r r r r r l t cc i t pc altc lc. s itual. ia ui, ater n tc rn i i ,c l i t gicxtcrnii, l oricntclrz.dntr-rrn cl satr rltul.Alcgrlt<lrriz.butcsc unrvasi l : ic lcctczc l i r r l r r . r r r llc s t i r r ru l il )c lcc i : l lc carc srrnt nai nc l i -

'a [r s r isc lascc' 'v i 'g i . Ast{ 'c l c int inrp ld c i i , c i t inc lpi ascLrlt i inddi ' cc n cc nrai r ru l t , i c lcv i rd i 'cc i. cc rna ic 'nvin; i tJc .,stetcapr.pr ic i l ' r 1 l .z ig i i .i i accst tr1 lt c c ' lrdrrce sr)rc r )on lc . tu l f inal:Iu lrrca lcc iz , ic i .

Vot trrilc sc cristlrlizcazti

l i i i r r lu rn ra r r i i s tc ,d in punct dc vcrlcrc r iokrgic,l rcg i t i t r i )cn t r l l

a rrcr ion:r. rrcori ,g i i r r t l i rca i cmo; i i lc P<l r i c t r l t iva tcci l scoP n

sirrc, lur r:cl rrrai trlcsca unt folositeca siiglridczcacfittnea. {czul-

t r l t l r l o ln l i l l l procrrsrr lrr ic act iv l trcx r l i t ic i i s tc lc tt t lc l c tvo t r t . ;a

( :un l rn l v i l ; , r r t ,i r ccsitr t c jungc r lc o l l icc i n trc i cta l)c: l ) i t r lb r -

rr)rr i i lc lcsprc anrl lanie; i propaganclat irncsc n tc rcs t t l ; 2) ntc-

rcsrrl, a rlindtrl lui, declanqeazlceutareanrai multor informagiiq; i

s t irurr lcazi i l isponib i l i ta teae a urmdricu nraimu l t i i a tenpic veni-

rrrcrrtc lc, lar 3)atcngia lcgit t<lru lu iestc i r i ja t ' ic lc prcdispozi l i i lc

l r t i . r t l ic r l l v r t lcs r :o l lc rinai t lcscccitcc va c<t t rs i t lc racccptalr i l

l )c l r t . ru l . ( lc i r :rrrc la l;oroazi l ratcr irr lc lc c c iur l .ranic t t sa rc i t r i t

r lc - i l l r rn iza rnulu i ,ra; ional" rot ivcbttncpi acccptal l i lc r in carc

cl s r i -1 i nst i f icc alcgc'rea, c tc rmina t i i ,u nratrel ) i l r tc ,dc a f l l ic r i lc

sot lr lcs r r l r i i rcc : r r tc .ntr-un anunritprrnctal ccstt t i rascu, lovcz. i lc

r r l i r r g r r r n i v c l s r r t i s l r t c r l t r l r ;r r d i v i r l u l s t c c o n v in s ;a l c g c rc i t : s t c

dc f ln i t iv r r t r in nrod con$tient.

in tcrnrerr i s ihologic i, c tLr l eciz ie i nchcic coln l)ct i [ ia r - r te r i -

orrni. ln sistc-'nrlc virlori i cle oialitati sii z.icern, clc dctnocratc

- - r , : lco r r r lu t ; r : ,l i r t : i l s tc l ) l ls n frrncgit trrc,lr o an t t rn i t r i in ic r lc r

ru t ;1 i r t r rc .c l r i l r r l t is t r : t t tcc l rcpul l l icr tn) rnPl ic r lt r r t tod l i lc r i t t lc

lupriv i ; i r lc rrl)crccl)c ampania. t i t t i rnp c i i t tot ir ircrt cste ar l r i -

natri, anriinckrrrii1'rot i recunoscutc ca valitle, unii alcgiitori chirr

nrutin(lu-sc rlc la rrncaclru lc efcringzia ccLllalt. )ar oarncnii sunt

inr lcrrrr lr t i rrs istcrrt i i votczc, gi fa l l tu l de a rttrn i incblocagi rr trc

t lo r r r l . r r l rc rc ,lc a urr sc t lcrr t ihca u n ic i una, c crccaz' . I n scr)t i-rrcrrt rlc disconfbrt.A te hot' iri l)resupunca liisa cleopirrtc cca ce

1>in r in rnorrrcntrt l cc iz ie ia consti tu itun cadruposib i l dc g i i r rd i rc

5i t lc l lc , rcc l l t ic ;i i lc f iona n conforrn itate u ccl i la l t .

Ar r rv r lz r r t unl rrrgulncntc lc i t i tc ; iauz. i tc lc s r r l l rcc ; i l rn t () t

n r t i conl irr t trcP1ofi l11[111r t t l l t t r i l< l ror socia le. rgttnrcntc lc surtt ,

irr f rrzri lnitlri rr tlccizici, mli dcgrabii ni$rc urlintari clcciit rrii;tc

inf/trrttlr. i,l c trnlri, ilsclncncir nclicrrtoarcloruticrc, drlrrlrrl carc



I Jlt / ' l lt, atr'trttt/ tttlu/rtt

t r c l r r r i c rn ) r : l rl ) c n rn l r r j l u rg c i r l c s t i r r i r t i al ) r c s ta l ) i l i t i i .s t l c l r : i i ,i n t r - r r r r c l , r ' o r r r r i l c c s t l r l l i l c s cr r c c s ta l l ) i r t n r l c u t l r t l i r r .) r c r l i s -p , z . i t i i l c . l i t i c c g i a t i n i t l i t i l c l c n r l ls t l b i l c s c . t c r r r l i n t r i ;( ) r c cucc cstc c it i t 1i atrz it lcv inc r r t i l1i cf ic icnr lrera i l r rpc i i t l g lr ic lcazi i

Pc a lc g r i t o r: r t r c l c s t i n r r r i l rPc r :u rc l c ju , ,a l l c s -o " . ) c i r c c c i r ,r r r

r t r l l r tn rc l l t : l lc ic r r t r r r : l rc l i r r r t ;1 i r rlc i t - l t .0 t t t , i t tg rrc r lc l i : i to r rli r ( : l( ) n c z c . t : c s t r r; i g r l s c ; t c i r r g r r rr ro l r i l r r l .r p r r r r r c r r t r r lr r c lo r r rlirnctia dc ir r/uilil irzl l)cnrru cl rn.drrl dc a girrrli i; i lc a acfionil l) ccrrrc stc dcj ir pc urn r i t i r tc ongticnt : i ; i - ldorcStc. ]anrparr i . .lec-trrraliinrr rrscamnal scric ;tc o ta/tu/a nsnrczrc aratiloarrrcnil<lr r\ ' ( ) t r l r i l c o r s r r r r t c x ; l r c s i cn o r rn r r l : i ,o g i c r l i r n r r in r r r l t r r r r p r r i

l )u t i l l incv i tab i l i i r cnt l in fc lor r r r : r r rcic r : r r rc-u rrscr is lc 1. )s r r tc :c r i t t tc lc l t ts t r r i r i o ttorctc or r t r t i lcl)cntru : lar i f lcurc irc lo rl ) i l t11s t i r t l i i l c l l r o c c s r r l r r il c a c t i v i r r c .

( i i tcv r r i l r rsL r . r i r ir lc ac t iv r i r . i i

i r t rcgu l I)roccs lcact ivarc stc lcsrrrr lc .nrp lcx,si su l r icc t i i .s t r rn u a u l ) l i n r t r i c c o r r5 t i c r r t il c c l . T r r r l i t o n r l l z c s tc rnc rc rn P l r r( iP i c . r r l r t l i r r t t t c r v i r r r i l cto r t s t r c ,i l l r c r r r r t i l' r n n - l r r . j r t l sr r x p r i -n lrrrc.rPrc r l isPoz i t i i lo r o l i t icc . is tc vorlrrr lcs l l rc ur] l)r() tcstant,pro l lr ic tar r lc nragrrz, in.u l r r r r ivc l soci ' -ccorrornic jc t ip l l s rloci l inr l i r r tr-o z .o r l i r r r ra l i i . r r l l r in rc lc r r r r i r l t : ; i r r r r1 l r r r r ic i. , , , - , ,

l ) l r tu t l l ( , t l i l i l su l ) r i rn ic i t rn r r ic i rn t l i r l l t . sc gi irrdca d l{o<lscvclt

l i rscsc rrn lxrn Prc ; ;cd in tc , i ic trsc nrrrtc cf ' rrnc i rn l l ' r tan tc ai, .nc - l l ' c r i t jc rcvo l t r l i i r l r tc rn r i , i l rcsc s l)urrc lr : r I r r rcn i r r t i iara,, .l r l i r n i r i r l l r r r r i r tr i , , < l i r c i i : r ri : r l r c in r l l r r r i ,v i l l k i c a r i l r u n , , . ) a r

Prcd is l loz i t i l ru cl lubl icarrr i-a nrpins n rrrodnrr t r r ra lr i t rc[)ro l)a-g r r r r t l : ruvor i r l r i l r i)a r t i t l t r l r r i{cprrb l icrrn.s i ,p inr i i r r l r rn r r c l ) tc lu -[ . r r ic .cc t l r r i r ()r)sccvc|rt i lr r r r r r r i i i r rc i r r r : - l rrst irrcu c \ \ r i l l l i i c l - i rr t l i r r i r r tr rcc i l r r lg i rc r r l l r i i r i g r r rp t r l r r ir iu rc i i r l : ,Ac t , t r , i / l l , i / / t . i rJa ic-sit turtftri ,ria .r1tt.r tn/nr n, /uplri - ulliirarcaestc lrrcrul ccl rnaii r r ) lx ) r tan t' r r r r i i . t lcsc s i i - l . tcz 1lc l [ . . .1 . . r i p l ircc; ; i l r .g ra r r r r l

l,./tttrt/rlt ttrlittttt / /.l/

I t t icco t r6 t t t i t : .i i t t t lc : i nccarc i l { t ru se antestcccl l n l i r t : t : r i i s : i r tL

rrc ir)r1r<rvrirc/-cu taxc. An ritit rlisrur.rtrih'politirt'nlr /ui Wil/l'irin

C/rt'r/a ur/ Pln t Denhr."

IJn a lt nt ocl dc a u rm. . i r i o l r t l ac t iv l i r i icstc t lc i t vct lc l t c ttr t t

in r l t lac r i ln argltnrentc l i { ' c r i tc t r r t t re , )c l t t r t l s t l l r icc t i le l l r r lvc -

I r i c r r t i l l i l ' c l i t r ,L In t r l l i r r t r c l o g a n t r r i l cr r v o r r t l r i l cr r i \ i i l l l i , i c r r rcc l < rrc: l ) ln lc : r :i l l rcp rcz , in t ' .1c lc l l r r I t t t rc r ic i t t tl l r i i i r r t r t l r t ir r r r rc

c i t rc e a j t t t rs lc l la r tc . .Jrmitt tarc lc rc i t : i t i r tc l t rs t tc i tz l ll to t l t t l t t

carc inr irg inca ui Wil lk ie reprezcntapr inc ip i i d i fc r i tc . n l i rnc l ic

<lcpcrspcctiv l t antcni lor:

,llni.rtrtr r'rrtttiarin.tkiril,pru.tiotnt'.,,lt]stcnzr h afarrri, ('ccil cc \:11

l l r t r rc l in t ro r l l l t i t l t )c l t1tc t ic ir larc. i ,rxrscvc: l ts tc ( l ( ) i l r t r l i t . ic i i r t r

5 i ,o r i c t t r n , t r l $ o t i l1 - r cr i t t t c l t i ) c t l t r l t r t ta l t r c i l c r r t t r t t t , l r t t . . " '

;lluzimttt .eriftt(,otner. ,ll/illl'ie lirtt ru oancnii rttnirtili [...l. Arrr

c i t i t cunr a fbst i cl un b iet copi l la o t ' c rn t i l;i n t l r t t t tc i t Lt75 t lc

ccr)t l)c z i cr vr icar i ' r tnr - i ts t ts l i t r t t t c s i i r i tc i . rr j t tnsl l rc lc t l i r l tc [c

r r r r c i r x t r i o t t t p i t n i il o a r r t t t t t c i l t t ll i t rg r c t l . . t ' [

l' 'ctncier,slririlti,lttoprielari rlefenuri:,,Stttrt trtllrttriva c:cltti lc-:rl

tre lca rnanclat i, tlc cincl anr citit dcsprc vilgir I tr iWillkic in I'-rrrttr

.lountrt/, unt (lcstll rlc ltor' iritrisd-lvotcz.. ttr a;tclltltt allll)(:lccol)-

vcn l i i i l l i l i l r tc : rln r r i ro t l r i lsc . r tn t txrr tc r r t l l rc :s io t t r t l l llc t t t t t r ( i to l

din l'rtrttt lourLta/,irt ilrc sl)unc crrrrr \/il lkic rt porttit crt litirt tslirrtc

5i r tc r t rn c f r t l ru fcmrr t t v l t loa rc lc UU X)0t lc t lo l l r r i . "

Sc prtrcc r l t t r rc t i : t ocia lr i t tnor rstf t l c lcs lc rc ( ) l ip t r r i ort tc r

r r r : r i i n c i t t t c l c : t s r in l t r t t t i t t a c l c c l i c i t t l c r i t t r t r c i s t t l r i c t : t i v ct

i r r l ' l t tc r t tc lo t . .Tt r rg t t t r tc t r t l c i tn r l la t r ici i t Avcr t r l l a t i i r t r i t i t t t t l t

s l t ( ( ic :srr c it v i r l lu tca i i r ) tc r l ) rc tatrr r t t l t i n t t l tc c ' l l t r i . ) i t t acclts lr l

i rnuginc a t tn t t i ( )n l c i l rc t port r i t lc i< ls ri a rcrrp it tr v i l r t r il l rx t tc i

a<lrrsn Pr iu r -Plau ricarc i r r t rc trrn i i tourc lcrc i c lcrnctt tc : t r . t t t r t : t t i i

srirrrci ot t:rcrlccii trtt-iva ttitit,cci ltogrrti1'roti coltvitr;i c:ivlt lltrrtt

t l c g r i l l i n t c l c s c l r r o r i r ra l c g l i t o r i il i r r l r r s r tl c I r r i i l o c o t i r r t r i t s i

t lc in rp l ic r r l i i lc r r t rn t : i its idttcq ; i lc c l r i l rz t t i t t tc i .: i t rc : t t r t t t t i t t lc

inr lx)r tantc i n l l roPrl r t l r t lco logic. c )o i l tc r l rb i lc s tc rc ro t i l r t t t

s tructr lratc i lc s tc rco t i l l t rr i cs t ru t ' t l r r i l tc .) r i r t tc lc ,t l r t t )rca ) i l lc

| ]3' / rlfutut.ttrtrt/ t.,rtttrhtj



r lc l ln i tc l )c ' t r t r r rr l r r r i lc . lc lc la l tc ,ins;I , rrnr i l n i i i tc lc l>oz . i tcr r

c i lrc lcr: l t rcr lcy i l to r i tc i ; tcsc r rs r l r i lclo r i tc .

U r r r l t i r r r x c r r r l l l r rl c r c t i v i r r co r t t c i l r r r r t : l r i r r rl i l rp ro c c t l r t r : r

r)oastr i llc rr tcn ' icv irrc c$ iu r t i ( ) r r r r l r r i .n tcrv icvetor i iarr cvcnit r r

rrrcnrlrr i ic iant i()nulu it lc asc r i , ccct lcc il (h l)^ a s1l<rr ircuntcrc-

s t r lu iat:cs[ora. ivc l r r l or lc irr tcrcsr lcvcnit ()arccunl r r i r i i r l ica t

c l c c i t c c l i t l g r t t l t r r l t r il c c o n t ro l ; i c l r i i r r n c r r l r r i ic f i r n t i o n u l l r iu l

t t t r t r t t t r is i ttccs(c[cct, in t : i r t l r r r l l r ln t i ( )n l r l l r i ,l ) ro ( :cn t i r . i r r lc lor

carc au vo t i l t a f i ls t ccva nrai rnarcdccit acclaclc a rr ivc ltr l rr trc-

gulrri clistrict. )' tr rli.rtributirt otnril<irnrr a losr rrfl 'ctatA. ntcrviL^-

vator i i lu r tct iv i t t rct l ispozig i i lcrrrora l in trc s r r l ; icc l i ino;tr i r tra i

c z i t r r r t l i ,c c l cc nu x r r l c c t x t ,r r s r l ,l i s t r i l r r r l i a,o t r t r i k r r .( jcca cc rrscarrrrrr li i si c la l i i lcl te rs r ln : r lcLr rst t lc tc r r r r i r ran tc

i r ract ivarca rcdis l loz ig i i lorrr tcntc lc alcgri tr lr i lor.nsi l , naintc lc

i r nc ocul)a rr rnor[< l i rcc t lc c lc , s i i rc n t l rcPt i i | r ) l tc l ] l ia i i t rca l tc

c l c c tc a lc c a r r r l r a l r i c i .

C A P t ' l ) l l 1 ,l \

l ife cttrl

de intririrc

in rnod l)ilradoxtl, propagart<la lcctoraltr a

ilvut un clcct trtajor, 'Jrilsil clcclatt;cz.c tici

un cfect evidcnt asttpracomPortirtnentttltti

clcctoratului - dacd ntrclcgcm in nrod traiv

lrrin ,,cfcc " <tsrlin/nn a votuIui. Jttntiitate

r l in t rcoarrcni p t ia t r l in l tna r tN i , ir ta intcde

c i t tnp i l t l ic , t tu l i l rv r r ta n t t< l ic t t r t r r ic

; ic lr iar

au votat astfel. Sil inscntnc tlarc cI pro[)a-

gandapoliticd nu a avut nici un eflectasupra

lor? in nici un caz. Pel)trtt ei, comunicirilc

pol i t icc at l serv it t t t t t iscop l l l l )o r ta t r t , cc la

r lc a-t i nrcnt inc clcciz i i lc n ig ia legi de a nu

i r r ig ia cc iz i i no i .Propaganda a j t t ta t a nte lt-

1 ncrca idclit 'rtii prlrtiz.tlrlior il )tt p'rrtid prin

f r r l l t r r l r l c -a confirntt t deciz ia.A av t t t ,dect,

el'cccrrl lc ?nt:irirc clcciziei nitiale de vot'

lrnportangantrlririi dccizicipoittc i allre-

ciatil la adevrirata a valo'lre dacil nc irnagi-

nilm ce s-ar i itttimplat in condilii le in care

con I i r l r . r tu l o l i t ic a l pr incipale lornredi i cl c

t:oruttrtictrrc r li f irst ttrtllroltolizat dc rttrtrl

clintrc partide. L)xPerien[a llroPealrila c<lt' t-

tLolrrhr i( ) ra l i ta r s t l l ) ra o rn t r t t ic i l ri i t tgcrcaztl

cri, n anumitc condigii, pozigia >oatci rcdusil



l .Jt) / ,l lrttt.rutu/ z,o/ulni

l r r r i .c rc ,l ) i r r l i r )u l l i r i r r i l r ) in r lcc i t cc i cu c()nvingcri x t rc l r r lcl c r r r r c . t r r r t ,l l r . l r i r l r i l , c l i r t i vP r r t i r r ir c c i r ri r r c i i - $ rl ) ( ) a t . rl c , l t n l cc t t t c n a c i ( r r t cc t l c r i l cl l o l i t i c c r r [ r t r r r n r r i l r r xc ( )n t i n r - rul c a rg r r -n)cntc ost i lc . \ l l r jo r i ta tca urncrr i l r l r or - pi urr ncv' ic - s i i i scsPrr r r i i r i a r r l rcPt i r tc ; i sr i ic s ig r r r i . lpi n l l i oanrerr i t rn tc lcacorr l

c t r c i . I )c r t c c c r l ,l l r r r t i r l c l c; i ; u r t l i v c r s i ft : a ro p i rg : rn r l r rr r l r i r i r ro r r . , r r j r i: o n s i t l c ra l r i L il c r i s c5 i r r i c io r l i r t : il i r r r o l l r i c r r i r i r r t i y r j .pcccl l cc lrr ivcstc r t r r r r l i r r r llc r lcg r i to r i , canrl l i r rr ic rc rczrr l tatc rua t i t i n c i l t i g a rc i r rn r r r l r i u r l c r c r r t i ,' i i r .r r P rc v c r r i r c arn . r p i c r l c r it l i r r r in r l r r l a lcgi iror i lor lc ja lc r : i i ; i .

Ac ' l ' r r r r t l c c x i s t i i . c ' r r tPc t i l i c r r t r c l x r r t i r l c i r r ; lo a l l ) s - i li r r t i r r r l l l i r rn roatr tanr$i, lcc i,pi r r c l is tr icru l , , r ic n 1940-. lo i i r l r -t ip i lc f i r t r i lc Par t ids t l t l tcx l) trsc ol ls tafr t c r ico l r r l r r i r lc r l r< lz . i r1 . rc .I)ro l lrrgalrc larnui part ir l , [e r i i un arscnaldc argurrrcrrtcl lo l i t icccirrc scn'csc la in l i i t t rrarca l t rb i i lo r art izani lor; ; i la c0rrrbatercal r rg r r rn c n tc l0 rPo z i t i c i i r r c r rP r r t c r rr i - i r r l ) t r c r r t c z . c ;I ) cs c l l r t , r r crrrcrr ircrr ri asigrrrc. riso l i t l i l lcc , i is ta l r i l iz .cz .cr r tcn t i r t c vot 5i si i. t r i r t luc r i rrra lrncr.r tcntr-rrn 'ot rca l . ln l lLrxc"t inrrrr t lc argu-n)cntc l )a r t i : / , i rnci pcrrn itc ir lcg i ' r toruhrid irr tcrprctczc n t r - t t l rr r ro r l< l i f ' c r i t vcrr irrrcrrtc lcrcf irvorabi lef c()ntr irr lrgrrrncntc lc,s t fc li t t c i i t r r : c s t c l rr i r u - i l ) r ( ) \ / ( l : r c c) s t r r r c r r r . o t r l i r r t l r l l i l ; rl c i r r r l c c i z . i cs i r t r l c i r r . . n s c c v c r r t r i .) t : l l i l r l i i . c P r r l r l i c i r n i i: r r r c r r i p r r t r r t ir l c r r r r r . j i r t il c P .z . i t i r rr r i \ ' i l l k i c i r r l r r r r r c r r i r r lc n ' i c i i l o r r r l r l i t : c r r: t v t r t r r l i s P rz i t i c t l t ' c r r . i i c N l ) c r i c n t r lr r i r r l r l i r c c r i- r r r l c c t r l ra r l r r r i r r i s t r i r t o rru r i r r r r r l c c i t l { o o s c v c l t . ' l ' o t s t t i . l , l c r r ro c ra l i i

a r ci r r l t r c l r r r i r r i i c r r c l i r r i p t i t rl c c c l r l c - l l t r c i l c r r r : r r r r l a t ,c l ) r c z , c n -t i r r r l o r r r l l t r r r r iu tn rd i t i : r r r r c : r i t : a r r r l ,- i r r rr r s t i f i c r tl r r i r r c l c r i r c r rr rcxl)cncr)taPrc ;c r l i r r tc l t r ir r ataccri lc xtcnrc, n r l is l re r rsu l r i l i in t r - r rpascnrcncl l nonrcl ' l t c c r iz i inrondia ld. Dc faPt,accstu l t i rn argrr-t 'ncnta Jo-r/ i isPrrnsrr la 1rr 'b lcnur lc ra r r j i r r r t r ic .c l t r i lc - i r l rc i lcar r ra r r r l a tl ) c n t ru u r r l t i l c r r ro c r r t t ir r i l r i i . )

Argrrrrrc lr tc lc r ' i t r i c i tc r i r rc i r ck lr vcchi i l r nrrnrc lc :anr l i r l i r -t r r l r r i r l c s i r l r r r r r r r c n t i r r r c r r tl c o l r f< r r tl c g l i t o r r r l r r il l r r r t i z a n ; i ii r r t i i r c s cl c c i z i t r c v o t . ) r r c r i i r l t c r r t r r t i is o v i i i c aus i i r r r r r i i r r l r

l'1ira/ * inrrttirr / l.t I

scntrrul intrclriirii justctelt cleciz.iei ale, argttltrctttclc lc ilttirirc.

v r l r s t r t r r r i s t l ' c l lc tendin;edcviatr ionistc. lcg i l t r l r t t l s tc r ts i l l t t r r t t

c i l arc drc lt tatc Si sc rcattt in tcAte i l pi a l l i oa r t tc t t i t t t t t lc ' . tc t l r t l

crrcl, lrrcnrclrc int<ltdcattna, i mai ales n nlonletltclc de itrtloialir,

il I ini;tcatc.Pc sctlrt,atttncicdnd urnizraz-{ rgtlnlclltc unc, propa-

girndrrPo l i t ic l in rnc r l i i lc de comrrnicarei o {L r i i t r acclagi in l l r

o r icn t i t rc , :o t t f r r r t i n tcgrnrc c lt t iCarcl ( r [ ) ( i l tlc j r r . s t lL ' l l t :s r t t is -

t r rc t i i in t l s r I - i i r r I l )c o i tmctr i ,1 )cin ic " , t r t i r i r t< l t r - lclcc iz . i r rr r i t i r r l : t .

i , ' , t r - , , r . , " t "mi is t l r i i , ta l l i l i ta tea pin ic i pol i t iceclcpirrc lc c cxptt-

ncrca la corlrtuticiirilede intdrire.

P zu-tizanattrl, cxprrnerea partizand, ilr ttiri rc rr pilrtiztur ilttrl t i

in anul 1940,propagandade partid in disrricr' l Iirie a f.st cunrva

dczcc [ i l i l l ra t l . I ]x ista mult mai n r t t l t nratcr ia l eprtb l ic ln (vcz. i

Oapitp lrr lX l l l l , dc l i cra destuI c lc t56rs i l c i tc ; t i sa t ts i i ast ' tr l l i i

parrcadcntocratd. ) lc i i cxprrncrcaalcgi l tor i lor art izaniar l l l i rs t

pe nrdsura istr ibugie i omunic i ir i lor o l i t ice l isponib i lc , i a r i r la t

t6t titrtpul l)cstepledoariilc<.l1l9zantilpr,ttai tlcs n ccc,a e-i priycrr

1lc lcnrocntgi.Astfcl, pro<:csttl c irttiirirc ar ti fdctrt Jll 1)astrltitrtc

;i trnuI inrtlloi, ar cfcctul sdtlar fi f<rst iltrlrt.

[)cs igrrr nsi lc r lcx l) t . t t)crcaea l t l t t estc ) ro lx ) r [ io t ta l i i; t tc r t t l t-

t i r tc l rc lc rn ltcr ia lc c l isp<tnib i lc . is t r i l l lg i r r or p lu .s rc t l ispoz. i t i i lc

dctcrtn in i l cx l) t lncrc i l iarl l rcd is lx rz . i ; i i lc

i coldtt t : pc oa l l lc l l l

sprc sclcct i trc l t < l t t t t t t t ic l l r i l< l rt l carc 0 t t a f in i t I l i 5i c i trc c stts( irr

pozit ia urrrcr iourr i . 4.r i ru lg i cpublic i tr t i lc t : i i t c r t roc r l t i -a t t ts-

cu l ta t pe Wi l l l i ie , ia r pe l lo<-rscvelt-a t l asctt l ta t ra i nru lg idctno-

crat i decat republicani. ln iversul comtt t t ic i i r i lo r lc campanie

discursuri lo l i t ice , c latdr ic l i t t z . ia rc , r , r lc t i r rce i ; t i r i ,ec l i to r i r t lc ,

art ico lcdin rcvistc cra dcsclt is , ) r i lc t ic ,l l t t l ro r . ) i r r ex l l t t r te rc l tr

frrst n rrtod clar parti/.anli,ar aceasta dus la cl'cctrrlde intiirirc' l

in n't.r", cattt dottri rcinri din alcgritorii lc,cili n litrortrcit .ttrtti

part ic l oarncrt i i c i l rc l r l f t ls t inc i d i r r h rn r r t l r r i5i p i r l i i in z i t t r t

l.J,/ / ,llr,nui.t,ilil/ ultil/ili l,,fet.hlc iuhriv / 13.]



alcgcri lor ic rcylrrb l ic ;ur i ,lc t lcnr.craI i au r r r r r r i i r i tl ) ro l ) l rg r ln ( l i rtu l rc rc il)c c irrc<l lcscscri l r ra i r r t r l t lcc i t 1 lc c i r r rP, rz ig ic i , ,rurrr

o cincinrc l i r r t rcci s-a nti irrrp lar i l u r r r r l i rc i rsc i ir ra i iccvcrrt cca-la l t r i u l r i l r i i ,r r r cs t r r larr i rs rncutr i c l rcx l)uncrc (vczi l . ' ig r r r r r0) .' l irtrr;i -;;i irccstrr .stcur) ucrrr nrPortilnt , cr-l lit o pcrsoaniiavcrrr l o l l l i t t l tc I l l i t ip t t tc r t t ie t l ,r t t t i r t c lovct lc ir r r r r il l rc t l isp ls l l z .g lL i r i if r r l r t l c P r rn c tc l c l c v c r l c r c ) l ) u s c . \ l c 1 , , i i t r r r i i. : r l l 1 l y i ,. r r r r t c r c s

s l r r r r i t i l i l t r tc Prcocu l l i r l ilc ir lcgcrca t r l r t l i t l i r t t r l r r ior nr \tsL tra i

l)art izani r r cxlrrrncrcdccit c ; r l l t iv i i t r rru nr i r i n ic ntcrcs$i cu o

l)rcocul)r lrcnai c r l r rs r .) as t fc l lc cx ltrrncrcl)art izani i oatescrv it t t t r r r a ir r t t r i r i i r t i t r r r l i n i l o rn tc r io i r r c .) c s c r r r t , c i n u r ic o r r v in . s it< lcg l l i ri urru i l ) i l r t i ( l c l l rotc jcrrz:rlc cx l lc r ic r r l rr rc l l l l l t : r r t r lc l ) r ( : -zcntxt: i lc : r rg t r r r rc r rtc lcl loz ig ic i ,rco r t l in r l r r - lcl lug i r l l tcn l ic . i rrschirnb,ci sc indrcal)tai l)rc accal)ropaganclii arc reafirrnri alicli-

tatca ; ; i ngclePciuncalcc iz ic i < l r r r i t ia lc , arc cstc, astfc l, n t i i r i t l i .IJ r ra l i r r t rcl lrcnr isc lc r r r r r i is tcrn lcrrrocrat icr i lx r r t i t s tc rcccu

c l l t rc <lc i t t tc rac l i t t t tc0 r r r r rn icu l io r r l r l i l0ns i r lc r i r l r i l i in trc srrsgirrr l-

ro r i i ta l lc rc lo ro l)usc. )rotrc lc nt l icd al l tLr l r o astf 'c l lc in tcrac-

;.iurrc c Portc producc n public - in nrctlii le tle conrunicarc . fiirti

l'-igrrra 3o'. ou rir ornrtrtii .stutr tttti irtrnr.rt/i r/t,thgr-i, ru trit ri titrrl.t l t tt / ut.rr l rna t r t l 1t lil l:il,t il | r rtlt .i /ta /.tlrrrtslrt r/iagrutttri ii rrftrt'zittlri tutrrni 1tc ttt,ia

ru it/,tlii r',n.rlrtnle fu ,l ia/rc /uni/c rttrti .ti tt,ic,ttrhrie

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n u l,rnt. lritn principalpublicitatoaropriului art id " .

Tolalul e cazuri

a piitnrntlc, rrsii. irartc df,ltc n rindttrilc alcglltorilorit{rtc partizlll)i.

i r r r r l t in r i i rn is-r vor l l i t r r tu l t dcspreclezir trb i l i ta tcai nccesitatca

garantr ' l r i ich irrr lru lu i i [ re rde idei n agora p in ic i publice.Astf 'e

dc clczbatcri -rrtt crrtratpe problenranlenIinerii ibertrigii analelor

dc cxprirrrarc i clc conrunicare. nsii, n cazul?n care s-au hotdrit

lsu l )u l < lcz . l> t t tc ri i ,onsunrAtori i e idc i r id ic r i i ing ig iz id t r r i na l tc

l)cntnr r l sc i l l ) i in l lc nop i t . t r t i lct r r l inc .

li{'ectul de intririre a$a cum este descds de subiecfi

A lc : ; i r l to r i i) r l r t iz i ln i t t ncvoic c lc trot ivcc i t s i l f ic as t l ' c l , i t r ntass

nrct l ia i lc o lcni, ntr lr inc lu- lc s t lc l la r r izan i l tu [ .n t r - , , t , a t r r t tn i t

l ) l rnc t . n t inrprt l n tc rv iu r i lc l r ,ubiccgi i arc i -a t t ncnl int l t o a l ) l l -

rnitii prcfcrintri de vot au fosr ntrebagide ce au favorizat,prin ale-

gcrca or, un anrrnr i t andidat. i i rs l lunsuri leor au i lustrat, lncorl,

c lcc t r r l lc i r t t r \ r i rc .

l)r irnclc scr))uc lc ndoia l l asuprr npclcpciuni i cc iz ic i or aL t

ti)st cor)trxctrratclc Propagandapotriviti gi, astfel, a fost stopatil

crorlirrca.Dc pitd.j,o tenrirtr ds'itorit'i,derlrocrat'i, u un venit tedus,

a rel:rtrrt:,in tliscurstrl ' le riercuriseara, {<rcsevelt exprts sittragia

r l i n t i r u p r r l r r l n r i l r i s t , r r r l i c ia I c .A rn c n g io ru t tl a i r r r u l t c r r c r t t r i c

( ' r l fcnu lc gt ianr dc l l i ldd ,c r latr bstnrai l t r ; iuc al intcrt tcbitnctrrc

irr tinrpul guvcrnArii alcdecdt n celepreccdente.Nu-nri mai anritr-

tcsc 5i altcle acrrrn, clar u ,etianui Roo.ra,e/t avat atdfua yaliuiri."

l;rirza final;I cxprirnil in nrod clar ugurareapi satisfacgia ccstct

sust i l)a ltorrrcn f i r lava l ic l i r i iho t r l rAr i i i .

() intilrirc sinrilarii dc cealalttr artc - este cvidcntrl in caz.ul

rrrrrri iniir couris voiajor, cu nivel sclcio-econonlic ctlzut, carc a

tinrrt crrWi l l l i ic in 1940,n corrd i; i i le n carc usescun suportcral

l r r i , r tn r lon ' i rr 193(r.)oz. i1 iaui econortr icr lcaklsc tt f la iu conl l ic t

ctt in r i rg i r rc i ru i t le s inc - c l sc c<x'rs ic lcran mic irr trcpr inz 'Jtor.

'A l frcrl N' lossrnan,lndorr ( lU{J7-1987), m pol i t ic arnerici tn, uverni l t ()r el )u-

bl ic i tn lc Kansi ts, ontr i tcancl ic latului Rtxrsevel t in alcAeri le i rr 19.3(rn. red) .



l .).t / l lnanitltu/ v0/ulttr

Af i r r r ra l , , r r ) c t ( ) ( l c l cr r i t o o s c v c r tl u ' o s t r r r r c , r r r c t r r r r u ln i l ia v c r ) r l r c v ( ) i c l c c l c " , ( : ( ) l l t i r r u e n ( l :, ,A rn c i t i t r l i f c r i t c a r t i c ( ) l cr lcsPrc { ' rscvclt i r r r r l t i r ru , \ , rcr ) lci r r r r f r ic t r t lr iar r t i t r lc n r r r l rc

; rc t : i t crcr lca ' r [ . . .1 . ( ] i t i t i , <rcp i r r r r i ,n tya / i r r t ' . r]ur iru,.s.rrcsprcNLI{ l } ' . I t lccu lc I r : rz l i r r r l t r r r i i , r r r r r r r r l r rs -o in : i lu cn1 . t i \ t .rat.crii r-friltt/ iltrt/k',r/aIlr ' .frr/tr t-rr1ttrt.ftir 'ur." otiir rrr:r:srtti:ct,itclrrrrr rc n t r l c r r to r t lc t r c l i r r y ro l i t i c l i . t r p r r s u t l r r ( ) r r c c s ro rPr t : s i r r r r ic o r r f l i r : t r r r r l c ,l x ) r l t c ; i n c s ig r r rPc i r r t c n t i r rr r i t l c v o t r c l l r r l l l i c a l r ,i tccs to l l ) s-a r r t l rc l r t i r t i i t rcl l r r l r l ic r rg i i lclcal irccr i , a s i i - ; i ccal)ctcl ir ip tca, s l i sc autoc()nvi.g{ c i i . \ . ,ca l rc l ) ta tc . i i i ' i . .s t fc l r lcin t r i r i rc , r r :cs tr lcgi i t ' r s- irr l Pu t r r t n t lc l ; r i r ta lc rcp t r l r l ic ln i .

L)ar r r r i i t rb icc ; iau nranif l .s tat cva nrrr i n r r l rdccit rr ip tc 'agit trr 'c t lc i 'd . ia l i ; au a ' r r [ , c le {apr, suf ic ic.tc du l ; i i i ' . i t sr i-5 ipdriiscascii lcgcrcu irritialii n ftrvoarca ndecizici sau in firl,oareacclu i la lt

Par t i r l , l rP: i carc s-arr ' r r l rs ra ; l r i r r ra rcciz ie.As t fc l dco a t l t c t t i t t t t t s t : i l r t t t l i il c s p rc r r r cu r ) l i s r : r r t i r tr r c a p i to l c l c p tc 1 -o i t rc ' l t t f l t tc t t l r t xc rc i t r t t i lts t t l ) r i r r r lc l r rc r l i i lc lc corrtrrrr icurc,rrc l ircct ia r r to l r rcc r i ia vcclrca ro t r i r i i rc .stc to t rrrr fcct t lc : n t i r i rc .lrr cl ca rccla xcrcitatasul)ra rriva arcs-a nrl' it, rlarntr ;i-lr tiriisrtt r ic io t l r r t r ilx r r t i t l r r l .)our c r i lcc i t i i lau lvrr t .rcvoic lco in t : i r i rczrnr.r rh.:/rttt/irt/rt.

.S i i r rd r r r r rz t r l r r r r r ii i r r r i rrrcr l i tor rgr icol,( )n l , j r , u rr ivc lsocio_c c o r ro n r i r :c r i z . r r tr r n l c ln o c r i l t , l l r l t r r r a l " .l l l - r r u r i l i n u tr r i r i l r l1 l cl l r l . s c ' c l r , r ) c . t r r c r i , , r r c - ; ll : r r r c l r c r r " ; i P c r r t r r r r i , , l r r i r i r r a

clacr ' rr ic " t ; i ' c r . ' r r 'crr <lc ' isr igar rc pc t r r r 'a alcgcri i u iw i l l l i ic .$ i, to t r rs i ,n l r rn l r ugusts-u ro t r i r i i t i i - i ,o tczc1lc e l lu l l l ic i r r r i , inc lt t tza czb i r tc r i iasrr l l r rr c l r r i lc - i r l rc i lca n l rn ( l i r t : , [ )c t iou l io r i cstt f lc ic ' t . I {cs r r r l rc ; ;cd i . t i l ' r r r -a r r r i r i i icu tagir c 'a., ,A11.i arrz it[rn argun]cntcr lrc - i l n t i i r i t l l rcd isPoz i t i i lclcnrocratc:,Anr rscrr l tatrr crrr is irnrc I r r i , .u ,c : l l

l ' l r rrrusic r i , n ( , i l rcs l ) r r r )c r t. l I I i th r 5i

,llu.r,tolirtiuors(ifi/ t/r ' .tl ' i//Iir. Nrr vrcrrrr ri '()tc/. )cr.rtnl rco rrstlcl

't \ r t l ront/ l t t /nr l l rh/tutr.c loan/ - |6trsi l i t r l Nut i l l i r l Jtcntrrr I lc l : rt i i lc

N r r r r ' . 1r r . c t l . ) .

l,,krrnle iut,ttitr / l.l5

< lc / i r t r t l r i . "$ i, as t f -c l .t t$ icc t t l lnostrt ls-a t t t< l rsi t l tc t t t i l l r r i rl c

t ,o t lcn ro t : r l l t i , )cn t r l rcd , {txrscvclt trccx l lc r ic r t l l tdc ( i l rc lvc t t l

r rcv r t ic tc t tn t i nr l u ' r lt rc rc t lc rc r r Wi l lk ic . ( ' i t rc l l l arc l i t ' i )cx l)c-

r icnr l i lcn t r t t i lccstc irn l>uri lc c r iz l l " .$ i, i r rc ; lo r l r t t l i . -a citat 1 lc '

con)cntirt()rttl ritrprcferat,Lowell' I 'hrlnrlts.

atttnci cind a trelltrit

s i - ; i j t rs t i l icc t ; l r i rn l r i t rc i rlcc iz . ic i .( ) r r l t f l t t s tn t r ctc f c c t t r l t t i c in t i l r i r c : l s l t l ) r : lt t t t t i t t [ l i c t ' r s c i -

l r r r r l rc - r t l ' c r i t -o icc l l rc ;c t l intc lc t t rc i l r l t r t : i ,t t p rc t l is lx rz . i l i icp l t -

h l icanc l.nttcrn icc.n lrrnamai cra rc; l t tb l ican, ar n i trn ic t l t t l l r i

c t tccr irca Euro l le i de Vcst dc c itrc ()ertntn ia - dcja ntt t t t i t icr a

sigrrr : ,1 )cc iz i l tnca vit c lc:p inr lc c itcc lacarc r)c vx l i t lc i t t t t l r r r l t

rr iz . lro iu l u i. ccst ucrtrcste ccl n ra i tn l to r t r t t t t)cntrt l t l i t tc . " ) l t r

toatc a t i tu ( l in i lc ; iva lo r i lc u i - g i, p rob l t r i l ,pi cc lor apropia l i- at l

first atit de fcrnr rcpublicane, ncit indcciz.ia tri a first tlc scttrtri

c l trratd.t t ougt,st, e nt<lrscsc eja acelagi cc l t i crcz: , ( )c l p t t r i t r

r l in t r - r rnptrrrctdc vct lcrc, can t l ic l i t t t t r i rt t i I l rxrscvclt l ' . r lt re lc a

rrltrttfrtt nr-rt lr-'z.gtstltt il itrtc tarc, (./uon lll ' i//l ' it l riltr il (fttttl tt t

(.t(,ttt(ttkt.vt(resnlro corrtlxrtticl)rccunl(llrrrtttorlrveitltltsi Sotrtltcrrr

va frrce ntt l tc )cntrtr faccr i le in laraastrt . r t tc : i t i t t r t ico lc :lcsprc

cl in ()/a'c/onr/Plain Dcaler si in Clir.ngoliilnn.

Ant ntai citit ;i tr

<",rrtc, i,rruttu/ /e.ftrn, llrc nl-11rczit lu rcitlitrttc; tti-nttt ltt sclttltlt

r : i t r c l ) ros t l {( 's t ioni l tkx lscvclt lxrn cor r t i l r t l tb i l k r.

i , ' , , , , , t , . , , t , , r i i1clcaccst i l l dcscopcritn < l t ' cz . ils t t l ) r l ti r r r t ici

tlc intilrirc l)c clre o iur arllttn'rcntclcllartiz.arre.:llc tttiircscclcciz.ia

i r r i l i r r l r i r in v r r l ic l l rc i t , r ic t r ta rca ; i cottsol idrtrcai , t t t in i t tu t l iz i r r t l

tcn r l i r r tc lc i i t rc u l c< ln f l ic tntcrn clco l t in i i . p r i j iu i r r r l t tr tc lc :p r i t r t t i

in clctrintcntul altura$i contrirc:rriinclroclarea,losibild silu rcillri, l

i t t i t t r d ir i l r l rl ) i r r t i z i l n c .



C A I ' l ' l ' ( ) t , t r l ,

llfcctul

de convertire

[ 'ropirgirnda lcctoralil -a activat pe oirrncr.ri

pr in scoatcrca a supr i r l i r ; r I a t i t r tc l in ikl r o r

politicc latcntc, dctcnrrin' indu-i srl ;i c rcctr-

noascii i s{ f le exprime. De asemenea, e-a

irrtrlrit decizia, spunindu-le exact ccea cc

voiau str audii. Ce 1)utenr l)uuc irrsrldcsllrc

ccl tle-al trcilca cfect al propirgandci clecto-

rale, cel de convertire? Cind oamenii vor-

bescdespre nf' luenga reseipi a radioului, de

obicei la asta se referd. Dar au fost oarc

oanrcnii convini;idc propagancla lcctoraliisa l

rcnunfc la alcgcrca lor ini;ialil, in favoarca

o1r<.rz.iici,au sd v<ttczcastfe[ incit stI con-

trazicilceea cc ar fl corcspuns rilsriturikrr or

socialcl Dc ciitc <lris-ir pctrccut irccst cl'cct

dc srnvert irc pi cum a funcgionat l ?

l)rinrul lucru carc rcbuic nrcnfiol]irt este

cti rnii oanreni cltiaraufostconvertiti clc pro-

lraganda lcctoralil,dar acc;tia au fost irrfr.rt-

rlruir putirti. Ccca cc irnt aflat dcja dcspre

lrrctorii nrplicagi n dcciz.ia c vot fhcc accsr

Iucru mai pulin surprinziitor. in mod clar,

rr-raimulgi factori gi, n orice caz, altii decdt

contunicareal)c termen scurt au prevalat rr



l.J,l / , l l r rtrttttt/ entn/ t t

c()t lvcrL irc. l i ln rcn i l ( ) r . s t lL ' l lc l ic to r i sa l r lc co l t ( l i t i i l l t ( : ( )n t r i -

l r r r i t , l c l r r p t , r r z o l i r r c ; rl i f ' c r i t c lo rru p r r r i: r t r i l c n f l r r c n t r r( )n \ , ( : r -

t i r i i , < l c l i r i r i r i i r r t l r r - ir ( : c : i t c ia.o ru rl c a c l i u r r c .) c i r s c r r r c r r c l t .c c s t i

l r rc to r i t t l( i ( )n r l t r r )s i t r lpo l i t i t : i iix t r tc l r r l ,pr irr l rc s - l lu trccunrt

rc lat iv l ) r r f l l i oarrrcni. )rr1 l: l rrnr tc arat ' . i i r r r rn r i ton r lczul l la t,un

i r r t r c g s c t t l c r r r o t l c l c ( ) l n l ) o r t : l l l t c r r t a l cl l r c c x i s t c l l t c t i t c t i ( ) n l r t

i r t t l ) ( ) t r i t r t: o r r v c r t i r i ii . t : l r : t t l l r c .r l l r : r r tl i r r : r ( c i l \ t : l c x | c r i c r r l l l

l l t l l i l l r tcc0 t r r i l - I l .

I i r . t / t ' i t ia : J t r t t t i i t r t tcl i r t t rcs t t l l icc t i t i r r t rl i l t l r rnantai )c l l t ruc1tt.c)a r t i ( l ' ( ) r ' ( ) t i l i S i - t t t t t lc t ) t i t l l t t lcc r ts t i - lr6 t l i r i rc L lc -a t t t tg t t l

i n t r c g i i c iu n l ) r l n i i . : i a u t i r s t c c l r r ra i ) l r t i n s u s ( ' c l t t i l r i ] il c i r s c

c ( r t v c r t i .

I i r . t l r i t l i r t : I) in trc cci c irrc r au ncl lot l i r i t i n luna ) l i r i , l l ) ro . \ i -

l t ) i t t iv unti i ta tc s-au ro t i i r i t d r rp i i c au af l0tc inc crnr canr l i t la t i i i

; ; i - a u t r c r t t i l l u t l ( ) t i i r i r c i tl ) c l ) i l r c l l r s r r ll r n rp u r r i c i .s t f c l l c s u s t i -

t t i i t r r r i u r t i z r r r r i ,u r c5 i -a r r o r r r l i t i o l t i r tl c g c rc alc n r rn rc l c l t n r l i t l a -

l i l r l r , r t r i r s t c l i i r c t r r r ii l c ( )n v c r t i r c .

l l r . r l t ' i t ia . / : I )cc iz i r lc r lc vot ' t70%,dintrc o irrncni. ic c r i ci l r r

cx l l r i rn l t t s l r i rnu o i r r rc r r t ic i r r rp r r r icr r acestscns. lu ( 'orcsl)u l)s

t c t t t l i t t t c lo r : c i l l t I ) t c v i r l r r rr t F ru [ r t r r i l c l c o l tn r c r t i t t t r i i s j t t r r i

socirr lc in t i l i t rc . ) rc t l ispoz . i t i i lcrnoras t lc lc lc oarrrcni u f irsra t i t

t l c r t r l i r r cr r rd r l i i c i r r r r t c ,n t : i t c i r r r r r r t c u r rj c o r r v c r t i l i c r r r5 r r r i r r l r l

r lc 1 roplgrt r r i t c ccto r r r l r iro l loz it ci .

l l r . r l r i r l ia , / : ) r t r t iz l t t r t l o ttv irrs i - l tn r l rcp t l l t n tr-o r r r i ls r r r i iru r rc

i t tcn l i i rc i i t rc prrpagtrnda lcc to ra l i . lu a l tc c r rv i r r tc , i rn ten i i rrrc

a u c i t i t ; i a r r r s c r r l t r r tc l r r r a i r r r l t ; t r r i l c u a v u t ; i c c l c rn a is ta l r i l c

i t lc i l ro l i t icc . s t f ' c l ,l )c lns : r r r ) l ) l l r .ropr rg r r r r r l i rlcc (onr l l ir i )s t ln t) l i -

r i t r l< l c x t r r r c n i i c i n ra i l ) u t i n s u s c c p t i l l i l il c c ( )n v c r t . i r c . l

I l r . r / r t r l i r t .5 :)rrntcrt i icarca l r t rn r i i r i t rra jor i trr tcuvcrr irrrcnte lr lr

pol i t icc s - r t t t r r t l rc l l t r r tntr-o n) i l i n i r rc r r r : is r r r i il i t rc l lro l lagarrc la

l ) l r r t i ( lu lu ipc c : r rc - l u r . i t inc i lu .st lc l , n r . :rz.rrr i lclc l la r t iz i r r ra tto-l i t i c , r ( c r r t i r rt t : o r t l a t r ir o l l r t g l t r r r l c i- i t r r r l c p r i r t r r lr r l l i c ti i r l c t l c c l r

c ( )n v c r t i li . l

I )c sc r r r t , lcc i , o l r r r rc r r i i arc rrr i t i t 5i t r t r r r rn i i r i t c l r r ra in r r r l t

con t t t t t ic r i r i lclo l i t icc t r t t nrrrrra i i i r r tr i - rc r r tlccst ucru n ftrvoarclr

l;.fitrul lennvertitr / l.l9

propirganclei lcctoralcpreferate,ditr att fost pi cci mili rczistcllti il

conyertirc, tlin cirttz.lr retJispoz.ili i l<lrrr p<lliticc lttt(:rnicc' Ilttri,

<leci, il <lanrcnii areau filst cci mai desclrisi ittrl lc convcrtirc ('cl

pe crlrcd i rcc to r i idc campanie u dorit cel n ta in t t t l ts i i - i onv i l l l { i i

au fost diptrc cci carccitcau 9i ascgltiltl el nrai PtlIin. Accstc faptc

intercorclatc r i l rcheazAr t tmu l d i l ic i I c l trc (x ) t )vc r t i rc '

l)ar, cu tottc cil l(jcstc cstriclii i l lgttstcrnz.r\x)psi(lcrill)il ttil tl c

alllicarc tr cl'cctului tlc colrvertire,ele nll il clinlint\ ctl tolu[' [) c

clragulstatisticilor,vonr stabili ocurcn[a cot]vcrtirii pe baz.a ol' lltr-

n icdri lore lcctorale isponib i le n mirssmcd i l . Pc t r t r t taccasta,rc-

buic srlariitiint cll cxpuncrea la prollagantla tntli partitl i cotltlttcc

1tc r rn i i oa l l lc t r i s l)rc un vot contrar l l rcd isPt tz . i t i i lo rt r r . Acc:st

f 'en()prcn c l t)apifestAp l imi te lc cxptlse n la i jgs ( l ; igrrra 3l) '

Pcrsoanelecu predisPozilii republicane care atl fbst expLlsc lllcl

l;igrrr'.r 3l'. I;.x1tnrercuh ln'oltugottrla ch'rlontlri (t? tt" qftrt t/t'

torrur:rtirY:oanrcrtiiPredi'V)u,ri n trtt vot repuhliaur ii

aotmzd inh'un ,tutildr tuti tttrttYpe rlcnocta/i r/ari

.rurttexpuSi a propaganrla oceslotzt'Arreasi tortr:/uxic te

valubilri Sipentru ceicuprcrli'rpoxilii dcnotrate

P odispozil e roPublic nd P ed spozilie det ocratd

Expunerea Expunerea

propagandaProPaganda

republicand democrate

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propaganda

democrata

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propaganda

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F;lt--tttl lIes./"

llt lL__l( 1 3 8 )

t--l t-attvotat

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t tt--tl lIssv.t | ..

l-au otat

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l ) ro l)agirn( lc)rc( l()nt ir)antcrnocratc -a l tv ( ) ta tl)c ( lcn )oc f t r I in tr-O

l ) ro [ )o r t ic ) l i n larc < icc i i t ci cArc rvc: lu cclcai; iPrcd is l l< lz . i t i i ,lari lu l t rn t i l f l t ) l ) r ( ) l ) l l {1 l l ) (L irct lorn in i lnt c l ) l t l ) l icnnr . ccla l i r rc r r r

l i rs t va l r r l r i l i Pcnrrrr c i cu prcdisp.z ig i i emocratc. ) r in rrrrnarc,

l)nntrL: arncni icrr prcdis l ' roz. i t i icr tc, un anunrit l)roccnr, lc i j t r r i t< l i n : c i r r r ( :l u i r s t x p r r ; ip ro Pr rg i r r r r l c i( ) n t r i l r cPrc r l i s Po z i l i c io r ,rttt \/(ftrrt rottfontt ptv/t4gtlri t/n'/orrtlr tri uttt/tur. prrr/i.t;por.i/iihr.

Acc5tia r r r r t ci c irrc ru i rs t onvcrt i t i lc l l ro lx rgur r t l l rlcc to r i r l r l .

| s trarca c lcc t t r l r r ic lc corrvcrt irc:

lcrrrn ce l r r ic lc-a l rc i lca rnarrdut

l ; iccarc carr lr iru ic lcctoraldarc tcrnclc gi c iczbatcr i le i nra j<lrc,

r lcsPrc l rc sc l)rcslr l)unc l i sunt r t r r rrrnai c lc n ra i , ir .nportarrtc,. ,c i 1 i c c l c r r r i t i l l t ; i c n tcl ) c n tn l c ( )n v c r t i r c i ri n r l x r t i z .a n t i l o rPu r t i -t l r r l t r i t l v c r s . r r 1 9 ,1 0 ,l l r i l r c iP i r l r r lo n r r i n r l { u r r r c n tc l l u l l l i e i l r )

lx ) r l tccc r l Dr r irnPor t .a l l t - i l

cn l i l l l r t rcg i icanrltani i a l i rs t l r< l1 lo r -tunitatca rrnui a l trc i lca nr i rnc la t .l l i t dc nrult a c<lntr ibuit ceastt i

idcc la convcrt irc ir a ltrcni lor?

I ; i r c p tc , l l ) r o r l l ) c' 1 i r c p r r l r l i c r rn i ir r l c z i rP ro r r l tn l l r i r r c iP i r rPo s i l l i l i t a t c i tl r l i r r c r i it t r t t i i t l r c i l c i r r r a n t la t ,i r r t r a j . l r i t r r t c i rl c r r r r t -c r : t1 . i lo rr t t i rs t<lc rconl u ir( .casl ir .) l t r i r t :cs t l rPt r t r Pt t t rc i r r r icc t t Priv irc : r irkrarcaacrlargulncnt lcconvcrt irc:.)cntnra - i c lcvai r r l l t t c n l i r ,r c l r L r i c l ls t r r l l i l i r r ri l t c c r i t c r i i t r i c t c . .S : ll l l c s t rp r r r r c rnc i i tc r r racc l r r i lc - , r l rc i lcu nun t l l r t -n r . . f i u tu l coni,crt i a rrn vot

rcPu l r l ic i rn ,n 194(), r r r r ra i c cci carc: l ) l-au votat l)c l l loscvclt

in 193(;,2) rrua 'carr ntcn; iadc a-ivota Pc repubricani innra i1940(inairr te a { ' r-rscvclr i i ic dcserrrnarandic lar)l i (3) au consic lcrat

c: i l {ooscvclt lrscsc rn brrn prc;ccl intc.Accstc c r i tc r i i ngustcazl it ' o r r s i t l c r l l r i lr r i r rl c r rP l i c r r l l i l i t r r r c ; i ,r r r c c l r r l ii r r r p ,l l c r rn i t t l c l i -l ) r r td rcPrccisrrr rr l) trcrr ;c i,rcalc"c lc c0nvcrt irc cxcrc itatc dc rrni tn t tn r i targrnl)cr)t .)aci i a jrrngcnr rrcorrc lrrz, iai i as t fc lde orrnrcni

; i -a r r l r r tv ( ) t i l l rc l )u l ) l ican i lo rn 1940pc baz.a cestc i cmc lcgatc

tlc ccI clc-tl trcilca martdat,atunci l)l-ltcmaclnritecd ea a excrcititt

o i r r f ' l t rcn t i I,rculI" asttpraor .

l)intrc toxte persoanelecare s-atr rAzgindit in favoarea ui

Wi l l t< ic n cursul campaniei,numai 1.5 u indeplin it toate aceste

cr i tc r i i cc I in ( lc at i tudineapozit ivd agd e po l i t ic i ledcmocragilor.

| ) i r r t c c i , r r t t r r r i t i ( . , l r l It tnrcn[ iottat c t t t l t c l t t idc -a l rc i lc i t t t r t t t t l l t t

( l r ( : l l tnrot vul cc l n r i l i nscnrnir t l dcciz ic i or f inalc lc vot, att lnc i

c i r rc l au l irs t chcst ionaIi n lcdiat c lu l l i l lcgcr i . I ) r r r l )u l r t t l i $asc

dirrtre ci arr rrdicat cnra celui dc-al treilca ntandat ct unicul ntotiv

al schinrb'irii, atuuci clnd au acloptat pozigie epublicanii. Duprt

c r i tc r i i lcnoastrc, lcc i , c l dc-al rc i le nr i tnr lat serv itca nf lucn;r l

,,rcall" dc corrvcrtirc runraipentru acc'i;ti ipiva oamctri -carn tV o

c l in ansanrblrr l otur i lor republicanc. $ i , chiar gi aga,probabil cr i

nu toti sase u fostconvertigi ,prollriu-zigi", e vreme ce cinci dintre

ei avcauprcclispozitiilxrliticemixte,cu tenclin;ii ePublicanii. stfcl,

c l r i r r r ; i :c i L ' /r t )cntnr carc argunrcnttt l c l t r idc-al trc i lca nti t trdat

n l i ls t cu a r lcvJ ra t { ic ic r r t u fos tpar; ia l c t ivapii doarl )a r [ ix l on -

vclt i t i la vorul republican.)

LJncazclar de eficiengri acestuimotiv - singurul cazclardedus

din cele de nrai sus este reprezentatde un tAmplar catolic,situat

1 lccc l rn r t i c r lz t t t r ivc lsocio-ecolrottr ic ,n nrocl v ic lctr t tr l o t lr c t l

putcrnicc prcclisllozigiidenrocrate.Votasc [)elrtru l{ooscvclt il t

l ( .1.12;in 193(r ;i pcntru Al .Sur i thn 192tJ),tproba ot ccca cc

rcirliz.' .isclooscvclt li inilial intcngionasc i-l votezc din nou - da r

,,ccldc-irl rcrlca rranclitt stc buturugadc carc c irnpicdici". Oirtd,

irr cc lc c l inu r r r i l , -aho t i l r i rpentnl rc l l t rb l ican i ,n luna augttst, i -a

cxl l l icat c lcc iz ia n acestmod: ,,M-am rd,zginditd in cauza celu i

de-al treilea mandat. Nu aprob candidoturu ui Roosadt pentnt al

trcilea narulal. Vrea sil fie primul dictator din istoria Statelor Unite

1...1.Asn aa fi lnina oari rrinrlaoi uotn utr typrbliut . il vutez pe

Wi l l l i ic , t ' l r i r r r lucr l orbcptcati ta gi i rcccl g r i l r r r i r r l i llc prornis irrn i

l)c carc nLIo srigi le ginri."

Astf'cl, n l'nrisrrran care nrass rccliaau dus la convertirc, accst

I r r t :n r -a [)ctrccutpr intr-o cdcfin irc a tcmelor. r ' tn ."r t cxcnrpIt t ,



l4] / ' lJtztni.tnt/ votultri

ca i in i r l tc lc ,u l)c lc tc lnc irsul)ra i i t ( ) r i l i l l ) lcn i ise g i r r t l isc r i l rca

l ) l r l in n i r i l l tcsarr lc c irrc lrscscrJ rc r l r r rg i r rl ) rcocu l ) r l I i : rui l l ) i l t i r t

o i r l t r i r r rPor t r r r r ; : i ,r in r l acccntuatc ( lc l)ro l)agan(la lcc to ra l i l .

Asrfc l, cv 'crr irrrcrrr c lc, l i t icc i ru l r i l i cuSi t rizdrtrncinc,Pc ic i , 1l ccokr, k r i l l i t r i t i lc r r rc l i l ion i r lcayi i lc r t r irnumit t la r t id .

Wi l l l< ic , c t r rn l r io r r l r l i i l ' i rc ik r r

' l -crr*rcclrr i lc-a l trc i lca nr i r , t l r r t r f ,s t , , f i rcasc i i " cntnr rcpubli-

cani. L ) r r r r r t l r l in t reprolr lcmclccrrcare -aconfnrrr tatPropagandaa f 's t : .rcccl t lc a- i c .nvi l lgc l )c alcgrl tor i i l in 1 l : t tu r i lc ocio-ccon<l-

rrr icc nl 'cr io irrc i l w i l lk ie cm [)rocul)at c intcresclckrr. ' f radip ia

rcllttblicanrioricnrirtticitrc lfaccri Eicalitatea lc onr dc afaceria lu i

Wi l lk ic alt act iot)1 ltnrpotr iva r r id in accsrprtnct de vcdcre.

( i r r to t r r l , c Prr l ic r r r loci ' -cc.r) . ln ic cI rnaisc i lz r r t r rexistat 4( ) ru n c n t i l r c s - i l l l 0 ( l r c l ) t i t t ' l t r c \ \ / i l l k i c l i r r r r r 0 t i v c c o r r0 r r r i c c .

Acc ; t i s r r l r icc l i rr lcv iat lc l : r crrd irr taor na t r r ra l i l ,t rp r i l rcne-ar

indica r r i r i lcgrabi i i i oamcnii atr rrsr onvert i t ide cceir e au c it ir

sarruu arrz i t . ) ro l l i rgand i i ; t i icP'rb l icnni u reupits. i lca argun.ren-

t r r l r r idcrrr ,cra; i lorP. t r iv i t c r i ru i r , , \ \ t i l lk ic i r rccrr nari lcafaccri"o

l i r r r r t i i r ra i2 r t r i ig r i to i r rcl )c r ) t ru rcc l t i ()anlL:n icu venit rcdus. E,s tc

i. tcrcsa.t cr iuni i subiccl i -au rcnti .nat Pc rrrnal ipt i iGcrard . K.

s r r r i t l rs a r r ' l ' o r v . s c n c l a s r r r s c l c .P in i i l . r l . r . Ac e s t n ro d d c a

raIt() t)alrc u r r r ) i i t ( ) ru lrascU: , \ \ ' i l lk ic rPr0nris Ocrr r ilc nrunc{, ar

Partitlttl Iil1tult/iran are lnti, rr,ru i tw Ji rapaltii.rd-,ri lirtri prottri-

,euri/e";,,\Villkic va crc$tc salarirlcI)cntru ci,ri el s-a nri.sc.ut.rrirac.

Iloo.rruelt r-n tri.rctrftog,at i nrr ;;tic cun) e sil fii siirac,,, ,Willkic va

rcnurllir la nrrisurilc politicii Nrc Dm/. Itfrxia rlecapitalva oya noi

lr.,ctrti /e tilu rri."

li,fe,lu/h nnt,ntitr I I4l

Ale{ r i to r i i ' ,cc -h i l ib r r l [ i "

in s { i i r l i t , t r tn t r t icx istatpi cazttr idc cotrvcrt ire l i ra r tcpLlt i l lc ' lc

atrl'cl in riudrrl cclor foarte ntcrcsagi c alcgcri,carc ltt sitrtltt cr l

ar]lltclc piirli avclu ccva lnportant clesllrrspi cilre atl nccrcat nlitt

rn r r l ts l ru r r r ipugin on$tient A-$ iezt l lvc ndoic l i lc t t t r - t t t t ' c ls r t t r

a l t r r l , r t t i rnPrr l a r t r l lan ic i . ccpti tr i n t t r r t l r ilec ; t i i r -a t t o t t l i r r t t l : t t

s tc rc r l t iPr r l r r ir l r rdar t l l r lcg , i l to ru l t r it rc i t l . i l [ iona l i t lc trrocrat ic .

in ... nrtri nrare )arte,astt-el Jcpcrsrxttrc 1's111rctlislltlzi;ri

, ,s la l tc , , , c l ic r liu t lca i ls r isc s ituezcchiar in ccn t r t l lsatta l lr<laPclc

ccnrnrl scrr lc i PI ) .crr a ltc crrv intc,Poz . i1 iat l rso t : i r t ldl l i rs t lc r t la

n . . l t r t r i lnc i t c i i l i l ) i l tc r lu ,1 lc r r t t i tc ") c ( ) l lvc r t i lc i l t i ( t l l r l l r l .t 'c5t i

otnrcrr i li s ta l l i l ise f t ilc ju arrrtmitc r i tc r i i c l t tPr l i r rc t t t lcc l t t t l l t

cancl idat rezidengia l c r i te r i i ormtt l l rc n r r t i legralx l n ternrctt i i

in tcrcsclor )ar i()nalc ccit in cei a i ntcrcsclt lr t t r t l ia t t t t t t r i t r t l l ) ;

c i l ( ( ) l l tc tccstca, l l sc l)utealt to t l i r i t lac l l t t :cstc r i tc r i ic r i l l l t l ( lc -

Pl i r r i tc ntr-o r rL r i n lrc n t i ls t t f t llc l looscvclt s i t t t lc wi l l l i ic ' l ' l i r r t r

fbst su1.ru5rn()r l)Utcrnicepres i t t t t icon f l ic t t r i l le l t rc t incal l (l c

at i tur l ine (rcztt l ta tc din predispozig i i lcor , 's labe"); l agreart c

l{Ooscvcl[ lin anumite motive 9i pc s/ilkic tlin altcle sattallrobatt

l)il l.tc r Progrirrrrilhri nrri cauditl ' .tt, lcz.itProllirrcl ltltir ' [)csprt:

accftta Sc x)atC l)11c, tttr-o anUmitli rtiisttrrj,I 1i-att iirttiirit "'p(ttl

i t t n tod r l t l ion r t l i o lr icct iv .

I )c l t i l t l r i , a t i \ . ln i in r l r u Prc t l is l l ( )z i l i it lo r rc l l t tb l ic i l t rc . t 'cst

I t lcg r t to r v< l t : tl lc t r t r t tp r in la r ln r i i ) ev i t l r t t r ta f tx t r tco l r i t ;c t iv r lc

Ci l t rc ntc lv ic\,1 ltor i: lvca St t ld i in rcd i i i t l l l s t l t t t l t c r r t lo t t t i t ' l t t t t t

pcstc r i red ic ' l i l a consit lcrr t t x l lcr icrr la it gttvcrtrarc a lc l dc

ilnl)ortantii [)cntnt trn trcledinte cl qi ccititl afaccrl' i,tallrohrrt. lc:1t

cu uncle rcz.crve,n r0 l i i r i le , tu cra n ic i l l re l t t r t l ' l rcs i r l t la tlc l t tg r t -

n tc l tn l l r :c l r r i lc - l t l t rc i lc t t t t ta t r t l l t t i t :ons i t lc r i t 'I l lorrscvclt si

\ \r i l l l i ic avcau )( )z . t t i itscntl lrr l l toarctt Pr iv i l t l l r r t r r io r i t r l l i ic t t tc lo t '

i i l l l i i cc r t lc l{ooscvclt tc l t tru c t l , ,s-a lcscttrc lt t i r : t r tc l i t lc cr r

l l r ()b lcntc lc c lasci lc u r i j loc " ,d i r r l uPrccia i Pc \ \ ' i l l l i i c , l ) ( ' l t t r l l

rcrr$ i(as i r rr i r thccr i5i pcrrtru c ( )n l l )c tc l l [e lccxc<' t t t ivc.A t i rs t

14,/ / i l lut t rt t t t rr/ tvt/tt/rti



nc l r ( ) td f i i tn Priv inga otulrr ip i ind n rr lr inrc lc i lc a le arr"r lxrn ic iii. f i r r i r l -a .1 l r i t rr { ' 'scvclt . Ac<:s ti r r . ,1 rulcc la r i r t :,N, lu i cg r i r l l r il l i vo t l t l )cntnrcc l c r rcx l lc r ic r r l r il l r rc t ic r l lcc i t l )c l l tn t r t r r r r r r t l i r l ; r rrrccxpcrirnclr t l t .Arn l l i i l la r s i lco r rv i l r i i. rs t r ; l rar r ro r l rcs t i r t r r i i si isc.s itrrczc1lc irccca;iP la t [<r rn r i i ;r , r ,rn r r l ,ncl in sA rc t lc i ls ingrrr ird i l 'crcnlr l l i r r t rc i cs(cci l rnulurccxl lcr icnI i l , ar cc l l i l r r l tr r r .Wi l lh icc t t r r i l l t lc ; tcPt l )c z.r)n irr r i , l i r rnu irrc<'rr l i l icarcarcccsi lr i ll )cn t r r l

l l i prc i ic :d intc, : r t i l i i r rdac t r r i r l i ri t r r r r l icl in l lur.1xr. ) r rc r tcp r r l l l i -canii ar tl <lcscnrnirr n rip ca

l'aft,prollabil cii l-ag i votat. Dar nr r

a cxistat nici trn argurnentsuficnt du convigiitt)rl)entru a lnii ajrrtasri-rrri rrrrncz. opinic. Arn vnrt tloar sil cintilrcsc faPtclc corectp i in i i a c:rpdr;; i d i r r a tc r r t i r rr [rrrrrragi i lco i . , ,

A lcg r l t ' r i i crr aclcvi irat,cc l r i l i l r rap i , , - ci crr cdcri l i r rg i , ar cinccarcii sinccr sii ciintiircascd rollleurclc i;i 1lc canditlapi n rnoclI t t t : i t l ,pcnr.rrr i r rc lc ntrcgi i t i l r i - cx isttr r ra idcgral l i i n Propa-g i r r r r la lcctorrrL ir r ( ) l ) ic i i ,n nrarrrrrr lc lclc c t l l r : i r ; icc i r . ' ic : i ,r r I ' i l r r rc1i l t r r r i r t tc i tl r tor dcr r l iSt io l i t ic i . r r v i i r l r r c l l i l c i s r r r r t i l r r tc )p t i r ) i .

( A l , l ' l { ) l . tl , l

l i lbottrl globrl

tl cnrnprtniei

Am ajuns,dcci, la concluziac{ o canrpanie

clectorali discrrrsrrile,cveni ncntcle, artico-

lele, dezbaterilo,ansantbltrl natcrialclor dc

propagandd are rci tipuri de efecte asupra

electoratului: i activeazil c cei indif'erentri,i

intdrcptc n hotllrirctr or 1lccci l)nrtizani$i i

convcncgte1rccci cchilibragi. n contirtuarc,vour aborda ntr-un mod mai sistenraticpro-

blema efectu lu ig lobalal carnpanic i.

() oorn;rrrrufic ntrc pcriorrdrr

noiernbrie 193(r-rnli 1940

gi perio'ada rnai-octombrie 1940

Nu putenr dotrAndi o lrcrspectivit corcctii

asupra unei campanii prezidengirrlc {rrl agincseanra c schirnbilrilccarc au avut loc [) c

durata u l t in ru l r r inr irndat.Nunr l i as t fc l pLr-

tcrn rilspunclc a cl ntrcbarc frrrrrlanrentrlil:

se l)oatesl)une cii, n varagi toarnna tntti an

clcctoral,caur an a propriu-z,isiI<lntnuil pu

i;i sinrplu curentul carc poatc fi <lbscn,at c- a



lJ6 / ,llrrtrti.trttt/ t'o/u/rti

l r r n g r r lr r t r c g r r l r r il u n ( l i l t i l r r t l r c u v i l l t c , e n ( )u t i i I i ( l u c c i r n ] -

l lu r rrr t1 i r c 1lc io i rc l i rln cr i( r l r r i?

/\ccsr asl)cct c i r rc l r t l rc i rz ln pro l r lc l l l i l t ica , t i l i la rg i ' i , c ic l t r -

r i lor c lct; tora lc. )c l r r { i iz l ro iL r l iv i l incoacc, czult i l tu l r lcgcri lor

p rcz i t lc l r t i r r lcl c ( )n l jn l lur cnrl i l r tc l )c cnncn ntai ung n t irvoarcu

urru i ) i r r t i ( l i rua cc lu i l i r l t , n rnorl t l tcn lxt iv . [ )c l r r r r r )r()ccnt lc

tk> i r r . \5 ' , i ,l t t lc l ic r i lc l i r r ( /2 ,1 .lc r r roc ra ; i itu r juns,n l9. l(r , a62' /o.

intr. I93r,si I(/'-10,lrroccntrrl or asciizrrt,ilnlirrirrtl, otuli. ntajorirrlr.( i i t ; rn t r r lcr l in irccasti l l t rat ic t lc ansalr l tr rc oc z / r r nrornclr t tr l

i t lcgcr i lo r5i rrccputul rnnit()urc r r r r rp i r r r i ilcctoralc i c i i t c l t ia r z

I tt/t t cirrn ir l t ci ?

i t t a r r t r l 9 {0 . r r l i s t r i c t r r l r i c ,s c l r i r r r l r r r r c i rn r c n l i i l o r c v o r a

l i t t t f>u l irurparr ic i I i )s t r l lu l t n r r r i c r l r rs i ilcc i t sc l r in r l - l r l ri lcc sc

pctrccrrscrr ir r t in r l l r r l cc l r l r t rc i a r r ipi r t rn l i ra tc arc trr prcce.dat

c ltrnparr i i r .l i r t i

cc i c lrre -au s l rs t i r )u tPc rcpul>l icanirr 193r ' r ,rn n

i r t crrrc t :otrotr) iar mcr : ;l ) r ( ) \ t , i - r lun rc r r ; i r r r r l .oz i t i i r i i r r ( .1-10r r r r r i

cxLtcL, ' )() t) i . , rr tr i ) . 1 ; r r ot r cn o t : r t l t ,r r r rr r r r r r lc prr crn c n lg . ] ( r ,

s-acrocl ir t c rn i is r r r r rrcccr i i i r r rp r r l t r i .n t rc z . i r rar lcgcri lor l in 93 b

gi l r r r r i r nai l ( ) . - l ( ) ,19hd in r rc r r lcg i i to r i i eurocrrr l is i sc lr inrbascri-r

o lr irr ia . ntrc lrrn i lc nai i oc to r l r l r r ic 940. lrntx i l l iB% i r r rl l i i r i is i tt l l l r l ra r lc r roc r l r (i i . r r r l tcc r rv i r r tc . vcrr irrrcrrtc lcccstc i l lc r io i r r lci r r tc r r r rc t l i r r rcr r r r t l r rs lc r lo r r i i ri r ra in l\r l tc sc lr irrrb lr i c i r r tc r r t ic

c lcc to r i r l r ilcc i t to i r tccvcnirncntc lc pol i t icc alc <:anrltnnic i.

(lccit cc a fiicrrt arrrpania fostsrlgr..ll)casc'Jrrigcarca)c tcrrncn

Itrng : i i t rc c l l t r l l l ican i .Cc i 8 i 'o arc i s-aua l i l t r r ra tn ar:cstc rn i lc

canrlranic c l l rcz i l t tdo st 'h irnbarc nl l i tnarc pc unit r t tc ..r c t in r l t

r lcc i t cc i 219/n in t irrrprr l c lor 42 dc lLrrr i rcccdcnrc.Orrurp,.rn ia

a con t r i l lu i t r lu nuntai a cxr int lcrc ir ccstrr i r r rcn tdc opin ic,ci ; i l . . r

in tc r rs i f lca rc i rrr i . n<lcpdrtarc:rlc dcrnor.rrr( . i ,r r rca srrrvcnit n t rc

i rn i i ( ) .1 ( r; i ( i ,10,r i rs t rc tv r r t l i lc r r t rcg t r l r rcc : r r r is rr . rl :unrprrn ic i.

I]r'trlu arre'.r fectelor campanlel

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i i cx L ln rezt ln lat, d e reprezcnti im n ctlnt int lare n t r -u l l s ingl lr

trrbcl, itnprcttnii ctl proccntajuI sulliectilor la care sc aplicri cl c

( ' l 'abclrr lV). ' ,1 'abclrr lacoperi loatcco l l r l ) in r r l i i lc r ts ih i lc lc vol. tr

r lo t t r t r t t l t t tcn tc< l i fc r i tc : le cltmplnic i ' l )atc lc sc aplic l i l l l l l ) l t i i l

i r r tc l l i i lc c lccrgralc din l ln i lc n la i qi r rc t t t t t t l r r ic ;v i ( lc t t t , s - i t t t

l)ctrccrrt nlulte schirnbiiri nln tccsle 11611111lrlnrcntc. irtr clc it r

irtrt"a fi tratatc rttr-ttn tttod similrrr' )ar pcrioa<lamai-octotlrhric'a r l ic r i nrrc irrccputul i s f i rS i t r r l ampaniei, stc [ ) r i t rc i l l ls i r i icc ir

ntai )gtril lgstrarca acestciprgllleme clemcntare llattlra9i dittrc:rt-

s i t rn i lecfcctc lor c lectorale, a i ; i g ra ( l r l I n carc s-ar l ]e t rc ( ' l l t lc'

I {cz . r r rn in t l ,n ca t t r l l i tn ic -a t l l } ta l l l l ) la tt r r t t i i toa re lct t<r r t t r i :l t t t i t -

r i rc (1 r< l tc r r l ia l r t )lc 537oi tact iv irre lc , lvo:o rcc ( ) l lvc r t i r t :lc 31{ ' :

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cirrrrp:rn ic ir t s ig r r r i rn [i l , t r tog i lu avut l lc \ / ( r ic c i r r :c i ts ta .) l rr r i r ; i u r r l tc lcct nu s-irr i l l r r t r r t r r r r r r i lL ' s t l rr r c i rz . r r l, , r .r r rccst . ,rz,c i l ' r i r c :Prcz . in t i ir rs ig r r r r r r l r l r r r l r j r l lc apl icarcnr r lx i r l i l l u(:cstrr ic l 'cc:t . cc la; i rrcrrr sts adcv i l r i r t ; i n cazulcolrvcrt ir i lor. Jar l in-t r - r rn r l t r r r t l t iv . )rr tc lc sc l laz.cuzl lc o dcscnrrrarc c la t ivb r r r t l iap rc < l i s P ' z i l i i l ' r , ; r d i c dn < l i c c l c :l ' l ) r r n a l i z u tn c ) lp i t ' l u l l l l , c r r r c cr c l c r r l r u r r r : r ii r r c i c r r r i r c t c r i s t i c il c l r i r z i l :r i v c lL r l l : s , r c l i g iu1 i

rczidcrrra. n indcx n i r i a f in l t l l l rcdisPozig i i lor,ongirrAntjt i rL r -c l in i p , l i t icc clcnrcntarc i nrai nrLr l tc r i is i tu r i Personalc, r o l ' c r itrn rczrr l tatmu l t nrai s igrrr i , prob' .rb i l r cobori c ifra convert ir i lorrcalc. [)c p ik l i i , rntr l tc caztrr i isr:r te ic i sc rcfcr: l a l)crsoir f lc rr

; r r c : t l i s Po z i l i ic l l t i v , , s l : r l l c " .r r l i c i lPc rs o i l n c u l )n s c rn o rPrc s i r r r r iconl l ic t trrr lc .) r r r : is r r r i r rcr ra i xac t i ia Prc r l is l loz i t i i lo r-urc l i r r r i r ra .l i r r : i nc l ' ia l r i , c n r r r l t i l in r rcci d irr r ind r r r i lcconvcrt i t i lor.

, t i , ca sd c 'n t i r r r r i in r lccasti lc lcc, e i c l i r r r ina t i r r r t r r r utorr)ari r r r in t l r r r i lccclor uc t iv i r l i , cc ir c rr.scarrrr . .rr il i ci s-arr ro t r i r i i t on -f i r r r r r rc r l ispozi l i i l . r ' r rc l r lc . )c scrrr t , i f i r r lc r lc I iva lc :stc ) r ( ) -

l ra l l i lprca r r r ic i i ,ur cca rlc c.nvcrt irc l l r .ba l l i l l r rca narc.zn <,r iccclrz, onr/crt irca s tc ,c lc lc l la r tc , cl nra i pUginprcgnant czr r l t r r r ,ia r tc t iva rc tt ,c : l lc-a l f t r i lc lc fcct nrtn ifcst, ja rcc \ /c r r t j .1 cursrr lo r ic i l rc i a rn t r i r r t i i .

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in irtnic, l r iarnaintc c C)onvcngia{cpul>l i-

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l5t) / , l lutnt.rnu/ tntul t t i

c i r5 r ig i r .r rs ; i l t rPd orr rcnt ic a crcscr.r tu r ) ) i ln r l ck r rc i r rc - i us t i -

ncau l)c rcllulllicrni. )u1liiConvcnria )crn<rcrlrtil,l)rolx)rtia clorcirrcac<rrrflr o l1)rli tarc gansii cpultlicanikrr variat ntrc 4(t%ni 487o.

Nrr l r r i i r r r l ckrr carc nu avcarr in ten t iec la r i ic lc vot s -a l in r r -nuat t rc l ) ta t 1 lc nri lsrrrd c cirnrpanirrnainta,dar cifrc lc a ra t2 i n

L r r r c r ) tl i f c r i tdc o p in i c n p r i v i r r g i rr r r i c iP t r i i i ; t i g r i r o n rh r i .)up lcc s- : l r r r l l i r t r r , r r i lc lcr rn t l i r l r r r i lo r ,l l ropor t i l r anrcrr i lor t i r i i ; tcp -t i i r i concrctc a sci lz .uta rrn sf 'crt i s-an tcn ; i r r t r t t atare.

At r tcPt i r i lc rrr r rs rc.nsic lcrabi l nai ncsigrrrc ccit in tcnt i i lcdc vot. in t i rn l l cc 4tl7o rrrarrschinrbat ic io<jatdPar t id r . r lenrnr

carc avciru tlc giinclsii v()tcl.c.nrrnriri25,k si-trrt ncrrlir)ut l)c I)rlr-crrrsul ntrcgi i c ;rrnparr i ircc la ; i r i ;z .o l r tlc ugtc l l tarc r iv i r r t l i ; ; t ig r -to r i i a lcgcri lor. ju c it arr i rs t nai ntcrcsir l i , u i r r i i t x r r r rc r r i i1 ; i-ausclr inrbatmai prrt inas tc l ) t i i r i lc .,a f iccare ccc srrb iccgi a rc ,de-aIungrr ls tu t l i r r lu i , u crcz.ut n qansclc cclrr ia.s iand ic l i r t ,-auaflat

li a l t i 1 .5 rr rn grarlnrarcdc intcrcs a t i r l lc l ]c r i rrrc -arr i izg?.dit .24 t lc s t r l l icc t icu rrn nrcrcs nrcdiu; i 30 crr g r r r t rL r lc l nra i sc. izrr tdc in t c r c s .

A;a cunr nc-Anla l tc l ) ta t ,a cxistat0 s t r lns i i c lat ic n t rc in tcn t iar lc v<lc i < . r r izon t r r llc astcpt irrc sul)ra ig t ig ; i to r r r l r r i .n gcncnrl,

l lc t : i t rc r rb i i r i i -a r r l tc l ) ta r i r a lcsrr l i s r ic i l t igc , i i r r . l r r r rc r r i i i l r i ii t r t c r r t i i l c v o t r r t t r r i r s t r r l l c i c l t l c l r t c r c s a r i i c i r ra - s i r l r n rarr - rp i r r icl r r r r i suprn ig t ig r i to r r r I t r i .

( i r r c i i t a fost rrra i narc ntcresLrl cntnr alegr:r i , :rr r t i t s - i r r r -vcdit r r ra i t r ins : I c la t ia l in trc or izorrtrr llc l i ; tcPr rc si r r tcn t i l t lc

vot. I )c r r tn rPcrsoarrc lc 'c lcnni intcrcsutc, ci r l , r i r rc to r i t r lv l r to corclarc I)carsolt lc 0 , ( r t i , ar Pentnrcci af lagip,cnivclrrr i lc nraijoasc,corc l irrca lbs t dc dour0.59.1

Scl r r r l l r \ r i n le or izont t r l t r i r lc r r ; tcg r ( l r rc

or i dc c i tc o r i un sulr icctq i -a c l r in rb r l rr iz ,on t l r r t lc prcPtarcntredorr i i n tcn ' iur i , cl l f i rs t ntrcbat cc anunrc -a l icut s l i sc r i izg in-dcascJ. ) r r r r : r l iz . r icorrrcrrrrrr i i lorccstr lr r rb icc t i l t r : ; t rcaz . i io i r r tc

Autit i l 'arut ti,rl i l,)trtrnlui I 5l

l r inc n tpor t i l t t [ i l ontactc lor crsonalc ' ] i r r t lo i l l l ten i i5 i - r t t tx l l l ic i r t

sclrirnlriirilc rlc ittlertlic, i atr ildicat cil stlrsc illc accstor {cciz.ii

ratliottl, .ittrclc attc()tlvcrsilli i lc rivrrtc ll il ltc l)crs()illretvitttl cott-

v i l rsc r i s irn i lare,. ar. atunci cffnd att n t t tn i t t l ro t ivc lcsch i r l rb i i r i i

ori:.ottttt/rrilt rr,rlrftlarc,i aU tttelttrionat cvll nllli f ccvcllt coll(rtc-

tc lc, l i rcctc c r r r l l io l t t t tcn idccit t t l rbc lc t t rcd i i t , t tatc t t tp rc t t t t r i .

Sc prrrc cii il l Cxistlttcl6ttilct\i nrttjorc lritt carc orttttcrtii5i-;rtt

i r r f lucn t r rCccipr<-rcr5 tcp t { r i lc .f ' la i 1 t i i , c t t ivrr s - l l : i l ) t ls lc c : i t lc

Ir l tr ; ipeva i i sansclc r l t t i candidat s-at l s<: l t i tnbat 'l t tpa c t t t t t rr

d<rverlcstc i ttrutittttrttl itat tlin intcn,ittrilc rloastrc: ,Oatuutii ptnt

r : r i . lc t lccrrrcc l r r t i i i r t t l vor l lcptc, \ / i l lk ie picrdc o t l t t t l t i t r tc lc

\ , ( )n t r i .Nrr l t i r r s igrrr , larcrc:d i l va I ic rc l t : r lcgcr i lc . "

i r r i r l < l , r i lc r ri r r t l . rn sult icct ; i - l pu tu t f t r r t t t i t r t lp r i i lc orrc lrrz i i

l l r iv in t lccci lcc sc l)ctrcccain r r r t t l t r i .Nr r i t l t r t i v t t t tcr 'o ic i i sc

s l t r r t t i i cv i l , )c t t t r t t t lo l tscrv lt is ir lgrrr t t t tn r i tcr t i t t r t l i r r i :,1 l t t t tc r -

viurilc llrct;crlelttc, c ltiireaci Ro<lscvcltlrc nllli t lrttlti stlsgitrlltrlrt '[)irr problcmrtccltti tlc-al trcilca trtalrtlatntl-i cstc {ltv<trrtlliLi,nrzr-

rti/rn'rtue hrr ntodulctlltt a ncgociat rrArrglia )etlrrtl xtzclcnilvillc,

fiirl sirconsglteCgngrcsrrl,pir crintt mai sttntsigur citreva cii;tiglt."

I:lstc ntercsant le obscrvirtcir,Pc tttiisttrrrrtlritlti irii ' irtrll.rarrici.

l t r i r r r r r l i l r r lc rc . l l l l rcc in < ' i t rc r r l l icc t i i lo5 t r i t t t p rc l t t l t tp t r r 5r

s ip r l r l u r r r r ro s t i c r t r i l cl t o ro u rn c r r i s -a t l r l l l ) t l t i t t a t ,i t r r l t i r t t t t li l t

t lc co t r rc t r t l t ri i i1 c i t rcei t t t t<l l ' lscn 'ate s i t l t ;ca t t r t t t tc t t i i s - r l l l

i r r r r r r r lq i t ,i in r ic i r r r l . n octonrbric, c lc r lo t t r l ip t r r i lc co t l tc t t t i r r i i

r r t t t j t t r rs r t tproxitnrt t iv ccc i t ; i ic< : r ' c t t t r i .

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cc l rrra i ' rccvcnt,r rs l l r t rl ) r r tc ln r f l rnu t l t cc r t i t l l ( l inc tccs t l l ( r r t l .

I i lcc t t r l t lc r r r l ic re

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c:rrcp r r -s i irrrnascrrr irr tcngic lc v r t t t t l r t t t r t t t r t il lo t f - r l i rs i f l t ' r r t i

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octonrl)r ic , - rn i i in trc c i sc rotdr i scr l lsu l)r i l i lndi( latu lu i c carc

voiau sr l - l sus l in : l , i r r in tcn ; ia r lc vot r r un) l i l t l in ia ag tc l l td r i lor

( l ; igura 32).

in ficcarc ([intrc cclc 2l dc diagralrrccilrc p()t fi itlcrituitc por-

n ind dc la nratcr ia lu l tr ins de noi, l l r i r r cornp:rrarcantcrv iur i lor

Iuatc n t l i [c r i tc nl()nrcntc, -ao l r l i r r r r t cc la; i i czultat.z

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dc vot cstc dcstu l c lc conrplcxi lc l in punct dc vedcre psrhologic.

Probalr i l i i uni i oanrcnisc hoti lr lserd cja pc jrrmirtate u c ine sr l

v(r tczc, ar i s-ap'Jrut ra i )u [ i r ) iscar)t ii cx1>rirrrclccst ucru sut)

f i t r rmlu l r r t il ) ronosIic lec i i t u l l cca a t t t tc i r r tcn l i ic larc clcvot. n

altc cazuri, uzind<.lcsprcansclc nuicancl idat, is-a act ivat,x)xtc,

o prcdispoz.i;ic atcntii. ar, n rlte situagii, u[riccgiinu au czitat sii

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l)cntru rninc cinc l'a cigtiga, tlar an antl sri-/ aolffi pe ti,rligtilor";

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lar.si rr ttt,/rr5irrrnr.lr,$.rtrtlin inci tletnocra;i, litrtrccci 1lcclrc-i

I t i u . \ ' ( ) t 'l t c c t s t i t . "

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l ixisrri ()arncni l)cntnl carc argtlll ' lcntaliildifcctii cste t'rrai ltt;in

c l lc icn t r l lcc i r t t t t l r rcs ia i l t t la t { l t tnrca l st ls tr inc )e L t l r [ l ld i r t t re

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trrrtrl i l r : ,,Atrt lttzttui,rfe enonrtlila ratliocit l votcazi pe \\/il lkie -

l r ry i l (1 ( ) l r l r ,6 l r l [ , . I- ,crv is. red c:IWil lk ie va c i i i ; t iga u o ase-

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n i l o r? l

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d iofonicc a t t bc t rc l lc i i t r lc r l i l t tz r r rc r t t t ivc l

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panie i de^a ungrr l ; i dc- ir atrr l rr trcgi i r i r i .

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nricrl, ;i pcntru i;tirilc rlc calnprrnic carc ult

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l i l r r r r r l i or r l i s t r i t r t l ' ) r i c r o l r i r l l i l l i n r r r r l l i r r r r r cl i l c r i t< l r t t . . , rr rl l l i r s t c r r l i z i t tl ) r l r c c g i r r l r ir l c r l r i i .

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c lcc to r i r l r il i r r t rc lorrvcngirrl)cnrocnrt: i i l iscrrrstr l lc rcccptirrctll r r i \ / i l l l i i c ,l l r i n ' r r r c r1 i r l c l r r r r l r tr r r r rPu r r i i rP r .P r i r r - z . i s l i ,; c lPu g inl ) c n t ru c Pr rb l r c : r r r i .t l o r r r r

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i s-nrfur aleaitotilot

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Putcrnicatrrgrrtmci tabcrc a 5i rccunt)scut nas t fc ldc nr ir tcr ia le

cxt1cs11lc t rn i l i r tc r i r lc i r r r i rg i r rcistors iorrrr tr lrca l i t i l l i i .Clc l rnaiprobabilcstcc i l as r fc ldc ati tLrd in il)art izanc unt f ic arr ibuitcconr-

l)ortarncntulrr i zual rl , l lo l i t ic icn i l<1r" ,lc intcrPrct ir tcn tcrrncnirt tnci co r r r l lc t i l i i ip ic rnrcr ic:rnc,n curcPrirrc ipalrr l l l icc t ivcstc si Ic i ; ; t ig i . rr l l inc sarr n r r lu ,canrpa.i l Prcz idcn l i l r ; icstc z r rg r : rv i t ia l)roapc xclusiv n a lb ; i ncgnr.

(lu cc subiccte s-a ocupat propagandaclcctoralil in acest cadrtt

foarte gcneral .rlpartizanatuluipolitic? Despre ce li s-ttvorbit cel

r ra i n ' ru ltoarrreni lor l

l )c frrpt, :c l rnai d iscutatsubicct c l in in r l l r r lcanrpatr ic i f<rs t

i r rs r lg i: l rupr r r r i r r .{a in t t t l t de o trc in)e l in t rc c l isc t rg i i-a l toc t t l ) l l t

clccvolut a carnlxtnici, c nretode[c lcctoralca[ecclor dotrl partidegi n specia l lc specula l i i le supra anselor e lo r doi candidati .A

rrnnatapoi b i lantu l u i Roosevclt , dru ia s-adedicat un sfert di n

rnurc r i i r l r r l lcctoral.Ac:cste u l l icctcau fos t ur lnatc de vi i toarelc

p o l i t i c i r l c r r iW i l l k i c l i a le r r i { o o s o ' c l tg i c l c l i s c u l i i l ca s t rp r r

c i r n t I i t l r l i l r - r rn 5 i9 i .

Imaginertalcgcrilorca o competitie n carecei doi advcrsari arc

se hrptrll)cntru a obpine n avantaj erivi irt prinrul rind clinaccentttl

pus l)c pronosticuri. )e de o parte,protagoni;;tii i strspindtoriior au

ciilrtirtsi' l lcrr rrrllrcsiir it au obginut dcja victr-rria; c t lc al tll partc,

comentatorii independen[i au incercat sri se impunii persottalca

arralii;ti ubtili ai tlesfigurtrrii ampaniei. n consecingd, ronosticul

asupra rczultatului canrpaniei s-a bucurat de o atengic considera-

lril 'rt. ivolLrgirr ccstciaa fost discutatri i anticipat' i n fieclre etapii,

tot a$a unl (onlcntatorii sportivi speculcazil supra ezultatclordi n

crrrnpiorrarc au din mcciuI clc sAnrbdtil. ntt-o anttnrit:I ntdsurd,

accstr cstc ull indicirral sentimcrttelorputernicecare -au nsrrllcgit

[)c susfini.ltorii 'crvcngi: i au dorit ctt oricc pre[ ca ccltill l lor sil

ciii;tigc.

in canrlr ,ur i ,rin 19.10, atd i inc lnatura pccia l i i accstu ic i lz ,

prcpcdintc lc sc spri j inca pe utr b i lartp ubstanl ia l, t t vretnc cc

Wi l lk ie a trcbuit s i l- ; ; i x lnstru iasci intaginea a ,,s l)crangii entrt t

v i i to r " . i r r cr,rrsccir .r ;d,l ispr-r tasul)ra l i lc r i te lo r , tcnlc" s-a rans-

l i r r r r ra tntr-o Lr r i t : l l icntrc b i larrgLrlui l{ooscvclt ; i l l ro ln is i t ln i lc tr i

W i l l k i c .

[J i lantu l unei guverndri,pur gi s irnplu ca is tor ie a real iz ir i lor

tangibilc pi r lucnrrilor riimase nefrlcutc,va fi intotdcallrra supus

(I tltur tlrl j ltotihtt I l0-i



l6J / ,llctati.rna/ utltt/ui

cr i t ic i lo r vc l l i tc d in l l i r r tca ckrr r lc t l r r l r < l l s te s i i rccon)i lr)de l te

c r i i r lc i r l i rcc ucclc ls i lucrrrr i . )ronris iurr i l c lcctoralc,Pc t lc a l t i l

l )a r tc ,sur)t rr ;or t lc [ ic r r t . in t r -o canrl larr icPrcz . i t lcn t i i r l i i ,lecare

t i r l> i i r i lc str i i r lu ic$tc r r r i r r r l t r i -5 irasczc lanuric lcv i i to r c i i t n ra ia t r i tc t ivc lc t : i t sr i sc c()nccntr c;/ .csul)raPrrnc t i r i idc l 'cctc lor l in

l l rogr : rn r r r lr r lvc rs r r r r r l r r i; i , : rs t lc l , i l l t ragdt tcn i i lp trb l icLr lrr il r iU[ ) rai t ( i c s t ( ) r l r .\ t ' c i r s t r il i r l l l p i c s - r r t r l c v c r i t i n l l r o l l r r g : r r t r l ; rl r r r r l l a l r i c i

r l i r r 194(). )c l lcc i r rcl ) r r r rc ,l t r rc r r r i lcsrr l l ra r i langulu i rdvcrsari lor

i l t r I i rs t r r t l r i r trrrrcrorrsclc t i t r lcc l r r r r rg i i lcPr in carc cra a l)dratI)ro-

l l r i r r l l l i la r r l . i , in t r -o rn i ls r r r r i i nui nrarc, iccarc ab i i r i ia alocat

n ra inrult t i r r r l r usg incr i i r l i t ic i l . r l )c carc c prcconiza lcc i i t b iec -g i i lo rPr iv in t lPo l i t ic i lc c lc i l r r l rc . tuncic i lrd rr osrvorbadc bilantu l

t tnu i Parr i t l i . rL rl a l tu ia , tacuI Prcdorrr irratntr<r Prol.rorg iec 3 la

2 asrrPra pa i r i r i i . j ind a fo.sr ort)adcspre po l i t ic i lePrecorr izate,laucla rPrc r lo r r r in i r tsul)ra tactrr i lor intr-o roporgie le2la l . Pe

s c r r r t ,, a i o r " a u r l c r r r c l c n ra in r r r l t c r c Sc l i ,n t i n r l lc c , ,a in o p t r i , ,l r r c ; c l c u : r i r r r n c ro r r r i s i r r n i .

I )c5 ic irnrp irn ial in 19.10 tlc lrutar rncr l ia r l r rp i i d t lcrca irantrc i

5i s - i rs f i r ; ; i t c l r i r r rdrrp i i at ircul u ic i irr Balcani, i tuagia xrcrni a

trccut Pe planul al doi lca n fagaProblenrelor nterne. DiscLrg i i le

asul)r ir crnclor controvcrsr l tc - i l r r cJ 'c r i trr ProPort icde 73% lar r l i r c c r i l cr r r c rn c i r r r rn r l r in Pr .p o r l i cdc 277o a c c lc c x (c rn c . l rI t t n r i r r i rv t ' r r i r r r c r r t c lo rr l t c r i o r r r c .l i s t r i l r r r i r c i rt c n t ie ip o i r t cl l d r c ad isProPor t , i r rn r t t i ii r t i ldc i r r r l lo r t i r r r tac i r l i i cc lor douil sul l icctc.

, ,1 ) r .v ' c i r rc . t i r i iprcccr lcnt a trar l ig i i l ' r rrncr ic lrnc,,n accstan

194()a f t ic t r t < l i r rcc l r lc - : r l rc i lc i r uuu<lrr tun srrb icct lresc t lct l iscrrg ic[)cnrrurcPrrb l icarr i . Ia i nrr l t lcB5' /o l in oarc cfcr in[c le

la irccsts r r l l icc tc r i r r r r i t icc. rr l l l r rs , lcnr 'crar i i l l r l rgunrcntat nfav 'arca cclu i c lc-a l rc i lca nrarrr lat a atare mai putin decit inlhvoarcrr r ic i i r r r i l t srrb icctr l i r r 1.200 lc a f i rn ra t i i; l ro-Roosevek,r r t tn ra i l3 l r r r ost i t t n tod r / rs i l is n lrrvolrc ircc : l r r i< lc -a l rc i lcar r ranr l i r t . )crrrocragi i -a r r r r t r l lu r r r i t d t i r r i l n f r i r r accasti lpro-

l r lc rn i icv it in t l-o, ca s i l n r r Pr r r r r i az,Pc ocrr l t i rn i t r lc rc l l r r t r l icani .

i n p l r r s , r r r o s t r r r a ip r r t i n c l i s c r rg i i c l r t r cc l c s Pre c e s t r rb ie c tdcciit tlcsprc oricarc akvl (79h irrri {c ltrctlia tlc Z\?h\.

l i .s'rt

(lentnrl cnntpauiei: ltoosevelt

in Sratcle Llnitc cxisti o legendiipoliticn Ptrtrivitc'.ireia:rtrtlPittriilc

prez. idcnl ia lc Untsrrs l inutear alegcri le c dec i t l )c l l t r l lsatt tDPr t -

triv|- trnuia (lirltrc canclicla;i, u a arnindttr()ra.Astl'cl. se sPtttlc

t lcsPrccltntparr ia l i l r lgzu cJ i t l i rs t s t ls l i l l t l t l l1 lc l l r i tz . r i) t ( ) -s i l t t: rn t i -A lSr r r i r l r ,n l ( ) . ]2 , ig r r r i lccn t r i l l . l l i ls t I l txN 'c r . rrr tr l ( ) .1 { "

l{ooscvcIt. ) r ic l r rc rr i r r r i ls t r ran c i t rc lcc r ls t i lcgcr t t l i l - t t r t l l l t t -

tnar t) alcgcrilcaltcrioarc,cxistil anul)' litc lovcz.in accltstii rivirrtrr

in sittlagiadin 1940, ccl pulin in ceetr ce privcgtc proprtgantlr

e lectoral i .

N,lai ntii, totLtfi,o alrunrit{ 1)rccrlu ictrlll0Lrivagcttcrrrliz.iirii:

clacri reo canrpanic rccctrtil ar htbuis'tr c<llrftrnrc egcrrda, ltttllcl

dcsigur cir accasta ste catnpania in 194(),tr carc t t t r Prc5ctl irr tc

cu dotrii m..rnrlirtestorice S-a lrezentat l)entrtl a fi rqtlcs irl hazlt

accstrr i>i larrgt t i t {c < lcz . l ld t t r t .dvcrsartt l t r i , t t l t t l t t -vc t t i ttt po l t -

ticil, ' i1ril rici rp :ilrrn1, fost lirrlat, lrrrctic, rl-$i lcfirlcrrscr\ rrzitirt

rcfcr inclu-se a preccdcnta adnrin istraf ie. s t {c l , t : i rc : t t t t ts t i tn t t : l t :

aleg,crilor u confirr:ratcgenda a$a unrsc x)atc rltiirnPllr, lcsigttr.

in or icc catttprtn ie.

N{rrtcrialrrl e <:anr1'ranielin prcsascrisii9i tlc lrt ratlio -a.fat'o'

riztrl 1'>c illlt ic itttr-o prtllxtr'1ic cvir ttai ltrrrc lc 2 lrr ' tlitr ' i /t (ttttt-

liz.rtt 1'tc {<xrscvelt ntr-o propor;ie clc 3 la 2' Astl'cl' llr'lixrtttaltr/

1to/itir riJrxttliztt|co tnrlieisul)r el)artc lc a i iderrticc.Atit nrirtc-

r i r r lU lc i r rc - i 'uvoriza c rcPrr l t l ican i , i t ; i cc l crtrc- i prc lc ' r i t1r c

clcrnocragi-aLt cu l )a t e ltregcdirr te lcn cxcrc i l i t tmr t in t t t l t lc t : i t

dc contracanrl i t la tu lu i. cu alte cuvintc, pr i tntt l a f<rst t ta i r r l r t l t

anr i- l{or-rsevelt eci i t pro-Wil lk ie, iar ccl d in t t r tn i i n l i t i r r t r t l t

pro-l{oosevclt dccit anti-Willkie (r'czi Tabcltrl VI)'

lh4 / il lrarisut/ wtlrt/ui

()llicctivclc

Ot /i .r-a .s/tusalt'gtitotihtr / lrt5



crunpirnici: istnric, barri, scorrritrrte

l ) r i n c ip a lu l c ( ) l ) : r l r g r rn i z , r i r i ir r r c i i r r r rPa r r i il c c ro ra l c s tc c i s t i -garc ir r lcgcri lor.)c r r t r t r lcc iu i t i r ,andir lutrr lrc lru ic s r i - i lc rc alcgi l-

ton r l t r inrot ivc:l)cntnr c i l rc lccsta i i - i rcorr lc orrr l , ) r r l l i icrrn l un)

t l ta i sPt ts , ( : i l t t i t in larc l)xrtca ; l ro l t lg r r r t lc ic lc t : to r t r lcrc ( )ns t i l tl l

i t t r : c r c r r r c r rl c r r r r \ t i rr l , p o l i t i c i l c) r ) r s t r c " r t n t ) l u r c . r r r , . r r l co r "

r i l f t l ) ro i ls tc.I)u / r t / r t r / . / r l lun lcsc l ) rcsUl)Utrcr l r r i fos t l r r r rcsa l tl)ro i ls tc rccsrcPo l i t ic i l larc cmrrolr icct ivc lc v i i toa rc ) ; ; i czLrl-

t i r tc lc t l i r r rccrrt) in i r r rc t ic lccarb c usti f icarr nctodclc,p l i rn r r -

r r l c , l c c i z . i i l c ,r c t l i r r l c l c ; ; ic l i r r r r i l c i i c r r r r r rai lo l l l i r u i r l c g i i t o r r r l

p r t t t vo t . t t l t t t l l { r ' tsp t t t ts t t la i t t r l t i t r i r r cc iun11c att cs r rs i t lc l i r t

c i r r r t l ic l i r l i i1i d ircctor i i or dc crrnrPirrr icr l - ivor c iStig ir c alcgrl tor ir

arrrcr icani.

I ) r inc iP i r lu lb icct iv socia l vansatn t inrpul accste i arnl lani i rf i rs t cs l lc r : t r r rc : rl l r inc ig r i i l r l r ,r t l ic i ir t rccu t t r l r r i ,rc vrc lrrccc l l r . i l rc i -

P i i lc5 i - i r r rkrvcr l ir r r l r r l r i l i tu ic r r ,r r t r - r r r ri . lsrrrrr l t r r l ,n t rcc r r r .\s t lL , l< lc apc l r r r isunt, pr. lrabi l . I 'Lrnct iorra lcn anrrrc lc dirccr i i : a t l ic : il ' t r rrct ioncirz it ( t t / t ' u lrroPirg lrncl isr, ator i tr ld r rp tab i l i t i i t i r lor(a1lr<xt1 lc( ) t t l l[ )o r t tc l t lc tnor tst r i t tr isc corrtr lrrrrcr rzr it r t r c o l)11ct ' rc r r r r r r i, l r r inc i l r i r rs t r l r ic " ) , i l i rncgio lrca ' r . i li n .ru lt tz t lcg i i to r i lo r ,

Ar i l I ic l l l l ) i t ( : t r t l t t it r r r l r ic l r t i t lt t tcrrr ic xc rc i t i r t c rrn rcc r r t u r r r i l ia r

; i d c s i r r r l r , l L r r i l cr r . I ) s i l r ' l . g i i r rl ) u r c a , . r l r i n n r l t d c s Prc . l r r ls ttb icct iv r luccstrr i l rc l r i ld : lc in i lcr r i r r c r l l i l i i r ic c tc . ) , ar socio-log i i dcsl lrc r r - r l r r lr r i soc i l l ( i r r f ' luc r r l i rr r i ( :o l )sc rv i l to l rc tc . ) . , lorrcc r ivc l , l l r :o r rs t i tu i t l r l rx r rc r roc i l r l i llo r r r i l r : r r r t l lt r i r r rc t r iclcc itrccar r t l i t l l l i i t r r nccrcrrt i l -g i anr l i ip lat l i r rurc lc

l lo l i t icc .

Nl i j loacc lc : c t r c i t sc spr.urc rai pu f i r r . . .

i r cr lrrrp lcrurcal isc r r l ic i csPrc b iccrt ivc lcqi rczultatc lc l)rogra-lrrckrr po l i t icc , c r r r r t l i t l i r t i i1i l l r r r r i l to r i i r l r dc c t rv i r r t trcbuic sr is l l t tn r i cvrr i t lcsprcnrcto( lc lc r in curcaccstc1 l r ; l i t ic i l r r r c lc i r lc

irtlvcrsrrrilor rlr ar llrttca fi rcalizate.De fapt, ntl s-au s[)tls prea

nrr r l tc .Nrr r r r r r i 4 ' / , ; d in co t r t i l ) t l tul ota l a l t r ra tc r ia lcl< l rt c t tp r i t rs

rcl'crillc lir rlcto{c, iar tccsteu ttr qst. tclcsca,le ncrclcvirlrtc, lc

v r rg i . l r r u ltc cttv intc, iccarc i r l t r l r t l fbs t l rca ) t l l in d is l ) t ls isd se

ilrgrr.icz.crr rliscrrliidesprentrrtvot fi rcalizateacestc rrogritmc. n

l r rV0rr rc r rx r r l ic i l t . i i I r r ] l l l t n )a ic0nvcrr ir l l i lc 5i r r ra ic l i f ic i l lc ct ln-

t r r rz is )ls t t l ) r r trognttt tc lr lrtrscgi, l r i t r tc t t r l tc t ivc ,lcs ig t t r .

' [ 'crnrcrriicrrto[iottaliI etichetele camputriei

' l i r i r tct ip r r r i lc lc p top i t l l i t t tddc l l r tzc l tz . i ilc t l lc l t r l r t t l t t l r l l l l lo -

fiona[i. l)cllrlt cl rlcsajul sd fic transrnisnraselor. )e rcgulil. sc

firftrscscdilcriti tcrnrcni scn1inlet]tali sinrbglLrri ali t,lc care

oamepii sc situcazitputcrtric [.rro au contra, )rectlr]l ,demgcragie"

:iau ,cor)lulisrn". 1 1940, stfcldc tcrnrcnis-attgisit in fiecarc razei

ir propirgrtnrlci lcctoralc.S-a iicttt clc l<lltil ri trtai rtrtlt tz clc ci la

s l i i r l i tu l r r ioctortr lrr ica l i lc le nccptttu l t tn i i t t rg t ts t ,c l ic i llL l in t l t

|ilsul crt ritrrrr,tlcltnririalertal alegerihr. n plus, matcrialttl cgatde

l{ooscvclt - l)ro satlcontra a avut o mai tnare tttensitatcetltlfio-

p r r l i i lcc it spl l icctc lcparale le egatcde Wi l lk ic . I iv idc l t c i l prc;c-

t l i r r tc lcc1r r lc : j r tta i , , i r r l l i t "sat ln t i l i , I l r i t " dccit advcrs lr t t ls l l t t .



$r

( : r \ l ' l ' l ) l . t l l , X I V

l lndioul

p'.rgina ipiritri

Alcgcri lc pre/. i(lc ) alc irtscll l ) l l l cit l l l) i l l ( ' ,

i r r r accast t t ) rcst t l ) t tnc l tn f l t lx ( ' ( ) l r t i t l l l t l ( lc

propagartdd l lo l i t ic : i . [ ) i rcctor i i t lc ct t t t tprt t l ic

inventeaztl stratcgii an)ple qi trrctici ngcni-

oase n incercarea lc a face tlitr r'oittgt or si

vo i r r [a c lcc t r l ra t t tl t t i . ci lngretrr t l i n rtrrrg i-

rr:Iriir cctorrrlil;i lrtlrrlttcirzrl ttl t <'rr c tcritll

situaliilrlr sltccilicc. trtr-tttt ctirrt tlc it-i atrtgc

1le cci timizi, cle a-i concltlcc pc cei gatit

inrolagi9i dc a-i cot'rvittgc e cei frirri ragcrc

r lc in in t l . L i t lc r i i t lc opitr ic )a r t iT.a l l i t l i rcc -

tontl dc z iar, cditor ia l iastrr l ,t r r r t i t l is t t t l r t r l

c i l r ica t t l r is tu li l rc rprol 'cs ionist,o l l lc r l ta t ( ) r t t

de radio sau ntc lc l ) t t t lsa t t t l t t i se inrp l ic ; i .

cu to f i i , n canrpanic, t t l t ind t t - ; i a t l to r i ta tca

in s lu jba candid lt tr lrr i l rc fc ra t ,Prop i tg l t t t t l r r

sc clczldnguic re t t t t i r r t lcn i ,tr inccrctrca< lc

a-i contro la, c a-i r r f t r rn r i r ,lc r t - ic<lnstr i t tgc

sau dc a- i inst iga pc alcg: l tor i i to tcrr[ ia l i r r

fhvoarcaunci cleciz.iitdccvate.

Astt'cl,ntza rfuar'/irutct llropttgrttttlci lcc-

to ra lc cs tc i t t tc t ts i ' I . ) r r r cc l ) l l tcn l s l ) l l t lc

dcslrrc rccplen'otccstc ia?t l t rz , ic l rtt s t l r r l i t r : i

poate i nta i l lJc t t t i i . l l r l l ro l lag r r l t r l l tl t rc t t t

/ 6,\' / t l lu at i rt tn/ tvttu/rti

so vc( lc sau"

sc rr( lc cstc l )u r .s i in rPl r r' r r t i l i i .c i ta i atc ' r ic rea ld

Rur/ioulsi pagira tipdrikJ / 169

Concerrtrnrerr exptrnerii



isc ac.rr [r? )c cr l trc i 'c? i 'c i trc r rc r r i i lc c.rrrrrrr icrrrc?)c scrtr t , cl ) i l tcn lsPrrrrc lcsprc x l ) r r r rc rc l llcct ivd a p r rP: rg r r r rr l r rlcc to r . t l l i?

A tc r r t i i r ; i i r t c r c s r r l x r r r r c r r i l , r ' n t s ( ) l i c i t i r t cl c r ' ^ i r r r r r l t is t i ln r r l i . arc r r t r i i . rs t l ' c l .rr crnrpcrig ic. lx is t r i c .nrpct i t ic i . t rcl l r , l r l c r r r c l c , , r r r r i ' c r s r r l r r ir i v ' t " ; ic c l c r l c , , r r r r i ' c r s . l r r ir r l l l i t : , , .l ) r c , c t tP ; r r c i rl ) c ' t ' t P r r l t l c r r r c l c c rs . r r t r l cr t r t r : r i ; r s l ' t , l ) c ' t l t tl l r c r t D r r l t i r r r l l l r t r n c rg i cu lo c : l t c

rD . rp ro l r l c rn c c l i r t i vr r t l c p r t r_t i l t c c r ' r r r r i : r l c g c rc i r r c ; c c r in t c l r r i .$ i , c l r i i r r ; i r r v ia l l r ; l r r l r l i c i i ,in t r i i in c r r r rPcr i t ic ratc 1 l ' s i l r i rc ro c.trc rrc i r r tc rcs . )c Pi r r r r i ,curnpania i l r 1940 trcbuit sd ntrc n c . r 'Pc t ig ic ,l )c r r r . ca l ) r i l rcai t t c r r l i c iP t r l r l i c c , r , r s c r i c r c c ' c r i r r r c r r t c t l r j r l r c , i r r c r r r ' l r ir rrarcascri l ic i < . r arrpanic prczirrc ' ; ia l l <lc la cca din l9 l(r -riizboiul din Iluroltir.

I )u1 l i i crrrn sc $tic, in tc t - t r i i t i r t .canci carnpirn i iprczidcntia leatrrrgc1>rrnctrr lr r l r r r in i rn tl r i i r rn:r intc lc z iua r lcgcr i1 . , r ,i r rc l l i rssr r r c r l i : r z . i r r r c l c ,c v i5 l c l c i 1 l ' s t r r r i l cl c ra t l i ' - s ru r r r r r r r r r l i r t cl cl tropugarrt la lcctoral i l . Daci l oa l i lc r r i i

vor c i t i v rcoc la t : i lcsprecirrrrpanic alr \ /o r ascrr l ta iscrrrsrrr i o l i t icc , atunci acestaestcnrolncnrul.r )a rc i i t i lu pi i ic r r r - r :n rcal i tate?n tJ is r r ic tu ll r ic , int r l t i r r rc lc 2 t , i lc r lcc irrrParr ic i ,54% l i ' t rc s r rb ic r . l i sc r r l r r rsc* iclP r r t i n r r ra l i r r t r c : c l c in c ic r r r i s iu n i o l i t i c c rn l ) r ) r t i l n t cl i l i r z a tcr rr i t r l i rc lr iar l r z i lc lcr)rc l.crg i i torrrc' tc rv i r r l r r, sr?; c ir iscrr i cl Pr r l i r r. rc lafurc lcc ( ' r i r l r rr l lda r t i l1 lc l r i r r r r tl l rg i l r i l rz . ia r r r l r r irc f t , r i r tr t rz ( { ) i t : i r rsc r i l:c l l l r r l i r r r r r r r t i t : r lc lcct ' *r l i r t r - r . , cv is t i r .AccstcI r t c r r r r ir r n t r r rp ' r t i , , r t c ., , p u n c t l c r r l n i r l r n ta l c r r r r l l a r i c i ,l r l i . i r _gitu l r r ' i i oct() ' ) l ) r ic , a l r r urr i l ta tc <J i '1 l.1 lu lu; ic g ' r lra rrt ic ' lc lccf 1rc rrir'a

Pagi.ira't.iirrcror arr

riscursurire lccr<lrale re carrcri-da;il<rr,ar apr'xinra tiv 7s% ign'ratr nrateriarclc cti:rit<-rarca car.-panic pr r l l l ic i r rcu rcvistc.Pe scurt, , sc r)oatc r)unc ii rrxul t icr ra tc r i i r l1 l ' l i t ic - i rc r l l lcSi t1 lcacc5ti arncrr i , la c l r i r r r l i l r rP. t r i ' i I .

I )a r uccstc n tc r l l rc t r i r i rrl)utea rccc cu vedcrcaun lucrttcscnpia l.

I )c ; i l r rn r r i t t tc l in t rc subiccginu au urmdrit n ic i a surstr i lume,

lx)atc cri topi sau aproape opi au fbst expugi uttor surse.Cu alte

crrvirrtc, roatc cil rxtnrcnii s-au sQtccializalntr-un anunrit til l tle

cxl)nncrc: t r r i i r r r ; i t i t , la rntr au rscrt l tatr in r ic ,ar alg i i t t asctt l ta t,

<lrrr rlrrlstl citcrscil.$i, rrstl'cl, posibil ca ficcarc irrdivid sil li fostcx l ) l Iscanrparr ic intr-un anunrit c l ,

l)c firllt, atlcvilnrlestecxact pc dos.Cu o remarcabild onstang:i,

rnatcr ia lc lc ol i t icecl is tr ibuiten c l i fc r i tcnrcdi i de comunicareau

rrjtrrrs a trv/rt,tignrll dc alcgiltori potcn;iali.zCci carc au urnr{rit

tirartc rrrultripropagirndl electorald ntr-unul din mediile de comu-

nicarc arr unniirit in acelagi imp gi celelalte medii, iar cei care ar l

rtrnririt in nriciinriisrtril nul dintre cle le-auurmdrit n mici mdsurd

gi pc cc lc l i r l tc .Major i tatca oamcnilor care au urmdrit d iscursuri

p0l i t icc Pcstc r rc r l ic -u r t i t t t r r tl lcs tcr r rc r l ic i r r cccit cc privcptc

cxl)uncrea a rnatcriirlulpolitic din ziarc [;igLrra .]) .Aceca9i clagicse men[inc q;ipentru ziare pi reviste, ca gi pentru radio pi reviste.

$ i , invers,oanrenii areau urmdrit pul in un singur canalnrediat ic

lc - r r r rr r r r r i r i tpuginpi 1 lccelc la lte.

l ,)xptrncrcaa c l i t ' c r i tc lc edi i de cornunicarc o l i t ic l cstc,p r in

l r i l l l i l rc ,o ( ) r )ccn t r i l t i iu acclagi ru1l. c l)utcnr s l)unc ns t lc lespre

cxl)uncrcir lir lrccstc rrrcdii in rnon)cntc dit'critc alc canrpanicil

l ) o r r t c : i l n l l r i r r r c l ct rn i l c ca n rp u n ic c c x l )L n l r l r i i x t r r r c n i .a r i r r

c r r rsu l r l t i r r rc lo ru r r isc cxpun alt i i ;astf 'c [ , posib i l ca oati l umea

sd rrrrrrilrcascli proxinrativ acceapi lll)titatc de propaganclielec-

to ra l i ldc-a Lrngul ampaniei n ansamblul i . D in nou, trebuie sd

spur)cnl cd nrr se ntiirnplaaga.Din nou,un anumic grup de oameni

a r r r rn i i r i r ntcns matcr ia le le lectoralede-a ungul in tregi i cam-

palrii, n tirnll cc rrrralt grup le-a urnttlrit n rnicrl rrrilsuril n toat{

accrtstii cri<xdil ( iigrrra34).3a ,Irr corrcluzic, x[)ul]crcil a comrrniqlrile oliticcdc-a ungul canr-

panici prczirlcngiirlc u se distribuic n toat:lpopulagia e ansamblu,

l7t) / tllnunisnu/ txttttlui Radinul iPagtnaiTvittti I I7 I



Ziaro gi radro

Urmdrosc adioul

Mult Pulin

t- _tJ rm/ t rosc | lU l l J n nn ' | l

modaa Si pul in po colAlal t

Revistegi radio

UrmAroscadioul

Mult Pul in

l;igtrr.t .\.\: ()orttrrtii tiltr utr)t/in'.tt iu/tu.r rrn r'ana/ nr/irtlic liru/.rri

tt/'tttrit;t'tt.ttri in ar,rea,ri tri.sttt:ri ,ti tv.rlu/ tnnss ner/irt. ,\'ttttt

trhliu ltrtlirti rt'i rrtr? ttttttritr.sr' nlt ls uilill diillt? dr ,ti

.ftnr /e putirt pe rrh'/aIc

ci sc: ottccntrcllT.lill arclo,ti nlp de oamcni' l lrnririrea lt)tli l l ledill

tlc t:orrrttt ' t icilrclltr-tln anumit nlomcnt nrai degrab{ suflincnteazi

cxl) l lncrcr l :r rn r l tD)cdiu au ntr- l ln r l t t t to t t tcn r . tt c ' i (cco l l l l ) lc -

trrcntaril accstcia. )r0paganrlaelcctoritli i clitt cc in ce ntai abtttr-

tlcrrt:i ntt arc (lrel)t cfect o bazitmai largirdc alegdtori rlli lrtttagi' i

un I l t tx l l r i l i l l tcns nspreaccci l$ i )artca e lcc to ra t t t l t l i '

Cirre a unntirit Politicn

Clinc r r r r ost oalr lcni i care ar t c i t i t t i a t l asct l l ta t e lc l t r i t i n t t t l tc

nratcr i i i lc t t t i r t tpu lc r t l r l l l t - t ic i lCc i-a dcoscbit )c i lcc f t i i l lc cc i

cilrc atl acordrtt1)tlIil l i ltcnIie politicii?

D is t i r r c g ia e s e n [ ia l ' J d in t re c e ic x rc l t t l t t r t l t l i r i t l l r t l l l l t g ln d a l l r l I t -

ticri gi ceilalli rr ost gradtll tJe nteres fagi tlc alcgcri' dscs11x lirst

nrcnIiolrar n Capitoh.rlV i;i rcbtriedoar reamintit n caztrlclc rlli

cc i in tcrcsrr l i -a r r xPrrs ntcrrs, api cci r t l t i r i l i l l s l l l ) r i l o t l l l t t i .

i r r ' r ic lrc l ) l ( )n ten t la t , .anrc . i i c i t rc ; ; t i i r t t lc ja t : t t t t t ' ( ) rvo t l l t t t l

c i t i t ri au asct l l ta t lx i ln t l l te ; ; t i r i t lesprccr l l l ' lPa l r iclcc it cei c i t rc

nu $tiau ncd ce vor ftlce.Cu alte cttvinte,gnlpul pc care ln (lircctor

clc camllanie cste cel nlai dornic s'i-l convingtl ccl al alegiltorilor

inclccigi csrc clrillr grtrltttlccl miri Ptrgitr ttsccPtitril rl lrrtll itcrlsc' i

p r o p a g a n d a . A ; a c u t n p r o g r a m c l e e d t t c a g i o t r a l c t l i f t r z ' a t c l l r a d i r r

arragun prr t r l ica lc i i tu i t n marc Partc l in cci fanl i l iar izagic j r rct t

srrlticctul resPcctiv, ot astfel proprtgantla lcctoralii inclc sit ltll l l i ' i

ttrt pttblic cilrc s-il trltririt dcja'i r r c l rp i tO lUli l rcse 0crrPtl t t ro l t r l ' i t l tc rcs t r l t t ii r l t i lc i t lcgcr i r r r r

vtiz.rrt a llccst:l irncgioncaZtl a tttr itttlcX sin6ptic i t l ttrttti i lttrcg

cOnrltlcx rlc caractcristici tersonale. )itttlcni cci ntai illtcrcsllti tt l

{irst liirbalii cu 0 edrrcalie >un.J, rli instirili, mai in virstil 1i cirrc:

klcrriiru lir ora5. Accstc carrrcteristici c asociaz.ili t : t t cX1'ltttrcrcrt

i l r tc ls r i ir cg rp t t r r ic r \ r i lcl r l l i t icc . ;ct lottrcntt larc x l l l i t :a1 i it r l t r t r l r lc

so l ic le . anrcni i m l l i ins tn r i l i au un b lg t r j in tc lcc t t t i t ln ra i cotts is-

tc l t gi o r lu i l>urrI t l r rcagiciv ic r l ( lc i r r r l i ns t i i r i t i l t l () con f t i i l l t i i

ltOliticilnrai lcz.voltrrtii i atrconvillgcrcrt :t\ rcbttic srisc tirltlscilscil

Ziare $i reviste

UrmAresc iarele

Mult Put in

a=.,( l rnri i rosc f io rnrr l t

l ia pul in ambelo surse modia

Iiigtrra 34: ()anrcuii rrrrc unttrite.sr trlnrs ltrulurgrtnio elcclor,rt/ti

iafr-un annnit nonnt a/ canltatiei titd sd ofacri

,ri inlrurt rtft nont'tl tt//t:rior

Au urmArii ropaganda

din uniepdn6 n august

Mult Pulin

Au urmArit ropaganda

din septembriepand' inoclombrie

Mult

Pul in

i n a r r t be l n c r i oadoda t imp

l7J / tl ln tui.rnrn/ tvt/ulrti

nra l lnult ( lc xccasrx. i rs tn ic i i crc( l r i ci uccst ucru; 1 lc dc r r l t l

lludioul5iprt.tginaiPrtrirt / l7.l

Arr inr lcpl in it celc c lo t l i me<l i i cceagi unctr icpentrt l ce lc dor:d



purtc:. i r rc : r i ir r r rc r i t ' r rn i ,Prc <lc.sclr irc lc t :c i c r r r 'Pcr . r i . u au ocon ; t i in l i ipo l i t ic i lso l i r lJ . ) r r l lcn i lo r c csrc rnrr i r59r i l r l r ) lrcasci l

i ; t i r i lc , n i l i a lcs rn r r tc r i r r lc lcip i l r i tc ,ci t l isp t rn i r r r l lc l q f ' c r t i l111idivcrsillcatzi lc:cit ci dc la 1lrJ.sji, n sfir::ir, r:rrlrirgiirlrr consrriin$i

P r i r r r : r t l i t i c ; l r t ; r l r t l cr l : r i r r r r c r r r l x r r t : r n 1 i ll l o l i t i c i i l c r : i tc r r r c i l c .l i s t c l i r t t l l c t l c J o i t t l t c t t i i r t r c c c x l ) r t n c : l r r l i r r r r r l t e r l r r r r i -

c : l r i ic lcct.ra lc surrt ci carcs-audcfin itPr i r r

cit rc i lc to r i : ntcrcs,adrl l tarca nei dcciz i i ;i t r isd tu r ispecif icede personali tate..r)a r

cc putcnr spunc dcsl lrc nrPorran[alecr iru i ac t< l rn l larte? nalizad i rcc t l l arat: Ic i r u r rn r r r i rca r i r i lo rg r r l i t icc alc cirrnpanic ia f i rs tt lc tc r rn ina t i ll r Pr i r r r r r li r r t l lc irr tcrcsrr li r l r r lc rr lcgcri ,r r r ldoi lc irr irrd clc a(l() l) tarcar l rc i c lcc iz i i rc v ' t i ; i , rr cc lc c l i r r r r r r r r l . lccducatic, statut ccor1, ' r ic ai scx; c l 'ar r r t r - . n ra i micd r r r : isu r r icv i r rs t ipi dc rczidcngd.

in c 'nclrrz ic, l lonclerca c la t i ' i Ia accsr()rr rc r t ( ) r iv i t lcngiaz,; inl i rP t ln p . r t i r r r t r i v in r . l x l ) u n c rc i ru < :o n r r r r r i c r i r i l cP ' l i t i c c .s i r r cantint irn crt anrc r r i icu ccl r r l r i nrarcgrad clc ntcrcs r r r i rs t5i cc in)arsusccl)r ib i l i c a sc dccidc dcvrc.rc g i de a-pinrenIinc hoti-r i i rcapc to t [)arcursul anrparr ic i .- ]ccacc dcsc'pcr inr ucurncstcc:I anrcni i c i lrc au c i t i t ; i a trascultat c lc nrai nrultc matcr ia lc lccarrrpanicru rs t gi cci nrrr i u l in scns i l l i l i a ,r icc ic lcc l rc lc - i r r i

l ) t t t i l ts c l ) i n l l r r r o t r t l . r r r r r i l s r r ran c r r r c - i t r r t c r r l i o n : l ta l ) r ( ) l ) i l -gancla lcctoral lsd n.c l i f lcc rascrr lr . r tu r i lo r , stc ccl r ra iprobabilc i l accasra ajuns,dc fapt, la cci nrai l)rr i 'srsccprib i l i c lc a scr lz.g incl i , ar nrr rr ci carccrarrpasib i l ic lcconvcrt irc.

Carc cste c'.urriltrl nediutiocel rnni inflrrcnt - radioul sau zi.arulp

i r r r r l t in r i iani, adi.u l s-aa l r r t r r i r t ia rc l ' r ,crr -rn nc< l i .c l is t i 'c t r lcconrttn icarc. )oatcc l i r r r rdoirrs -a , ,a l i i t r r ra t " , i c l r i i r r ,n rrnrrnr i tcs ituagi i , /u r t r oru/ . i l r rc lo r .c l)(x ltc l)uncoirrc i l ra<l i ' r r l5 i-a r l j r r -dccato lxrrrc l i r rsfcr l r lc nt lucn;da z.iarckrrn p. l i t ica arncricani i?

p;rrtitlc rllirtc rr cor)rl)ctilie?)c scurt,ctlrcatl ftrst, onlparativ, tlltt-

r i lc :c lor lo t r i l ncdi i lc conrtt tr ic i trer t c l is t r ic t r rll l r ie , t r a r r t t l194()?s

irr,rirrtc lc a rrlspttncle ircct la accastil ntrcbitrc, trcbtrie se i

lircc:rrr scurtii l)rccii/,are etodologicd.Srl )resuptlnem cd le-anr

ccrr: l i rc t : ts r r l r ic :c l ik r ri l r td icccttrc t t t i )s ts t t rsc lc c lc r r l i t i l ' ic i-

cntc i r r i t r l l r rc r r l r t rci tlcc iz ic i or t le v t l t . ) ast l 'c l lc l t roccdr t r i l st c

pcLicukrasd.)ot cvaluasubicclii n;igi inflrrcngclc xcrcitatc tlstlpra

lor intr-o perioacld nai nrare de timp? Orice declara;ie n lcgitura

cu irnllrcsia ii au ost,,influengagi"e,,tadio" saude,,ziare"se poate

rcf'cri or atit tlc bine la cartilntea e infornratiecitit{ satt ascultatii

cir lrr tf /urtt/rt uthl t carralulLti rcdiir rcsl)cctiv.O autoevllttitrc

d i rcc t r i o l ic i t i r t i l c lorc ltcst ir)nat ir t lar scrv i,pr i tru rn ta rc , c t t l> t t l t t i

t ) ( )s t r t l .

L)c accca, an1 pus la punct o nretodil cle investigare care se

l>',r' t,cit' t.ir)c uilnrltoirrcaPresul)unere: u cit cste mai concretd 9i

r r r i r i lc t r r l i r r t i lc latarca ttb icctu lt t ias[ l l ) ra xperictrgelt lr are - l t t t

lnotlil-rcrrt)r.lnctul lc vcdcrc, ctt atet cstc ttrai lroltabil cit ca sil fic

;i vllidi. (bnrcntariile gencrale epot ret-ei, n ntod erontlt, a canti-

t i r tc i l n fo rn r r rt i ik r r rn ra l r i te , t t l l in f luen[a accstom. l .e la t r t r i le

cor)crctc i contcxtual izate le unorexpericntcspecif ice incls i ise

lix:tlir.cr.c usul)ru cvcnir'r 'rcntclor ccisivc gi stl clinrinc corrtlx)-

r rc r r t i t un t i t r r t iv r l . cs igur inu nc l ) t l teu r l tc l ) t1 t a o s i t rg t t r i ir t t rc -

brrrc sri l 'urniz.cz.cn adcvilrat indcx al influengclor. I)ar ptttcttr

folosi ttrrsct rlc intrcbrlri care ne pcrnrit sil distingcnr ntrc rils1'rtttt-

s r r r i lcgcrrcr l lc q; i ag i ,pe de o parte,pi ccle cotrcrctc,pc de alta.

l ) r rc i l lcscopcrirrr i l n f lr tcnp rr tr ib tr i td nui mediu cle onrttn icare

critc constirnt nlen[ionntAmai frccvcnt, Pc mzlstrril e trcccrn de Ia

rilsprrnsuri cncrale a r{spunsuriparticulare, tunci plrtenr conclu-

z.iorrrrr' i rccst ncdiu chiar a exercitato influengrlprepondcrentdgi

c r i r rnajrrns rstf 'c la o bunrl unitatede m'JsurA inf luentei.

liokrsirrd rccst roccdcugi accastilrnitateclemlsttri\, carc fost

in t l t rc r r t r ro r r rp r r r i t t iv r lradioulu i ia z i i r rc lo rn calnpania in 1940?

( l r i r r r l r r l l i la lcgcri , lcg i l to r i lo ri s-a cruts i lnuntcasci l c tr()s1)eti v

srrrsclc lc rrnclca t t obtinut cc lc nrai rr t t l te i r t f< l rn ra t i i a rc i -a t l

171 .l l taai .rnu/ I|',u/ioul ipttliiua ilnrint I 175



/ tvt tuhi

con(lus r r csPct ' t ivrrro t i i r i rcdc vot. A1 l< l ii s -accnlt s i i n t l icc c i r rcs t t r s ' J - r r l o v c t l i t c e . r r r i l i r r rPo r t r rn l : iI ) c n tn rc i . l ) c s i r i r r l i o r r l iz , i i t rc lc - r ru i t r r r r t i l l ) ' rl )c rrccci l$ i1>rz . i t icirsurscg(-ncralc lc in f i r r -

nrarc. arJ ir lr la ost nrcntionat u 50o/o ai frecventca unic i i s r r rs i l

dc inf lucngiic lc nrarc nr;rorran;cl;grrra35). Jrrnvitate l in t re er

c r t rc t l l l l lc t l l i ( ) l l r l t : rd i r l t r l-a t tconsir lcrr l t l t rs r tor cc i r n i t i in r l lo r -t i t r r t d l c i r r f i r r r r l r r c ,r r vgc111c.cn r rn t r i t r c i r t r c l i r r r r c : c i l r r c r r

n rcn l i ( ) r la tr r i l ia l . i i r rc lcc-arr o r rs i t lc r i r tl rcPtcclc rnai rn l lortantc.

Astl-c l , lcp lasi indrr-ne lc la indicat i i lccele mai gencralcpr iv ind

i t r l l t tc r t tc lc :a celc ru ispccif ice,dcscgllcr ir l cr i g l r r l a r l i r t r r I t r icstc

rc l i r t iv r r r r r i n f l r rc r r t< lcc i t t :c l rl z iarc lor.Acc l r r i ; i i l r < lc l is t inc r ic

l loutc i r rp l ica t i a l t r r isct t lc r l l tc .

Itudiotrl gi ziarrrl orl surse dc rnotivrrrc a sclrimhrir-ilor

I ) c c i t c < , r i r ns r r l r i c c t i - l l c c l r r n r t ,r r t c r r l i cl c v r t t l i l c r i r i l l c c r r

n tc r ) t i ( ) r ) i r t r in in tc rv i r r l antcr ior,a l i rs t ntrcbat dcsl lrc nrot ivr i l

sch i r r r l r i i r i i .n rrnclccazrrr i , rrrsa oi i ntcngi icra n t l ica t i jn te nrcnr

I"igtrra 35: itttelnti fiirul carc nterliu r/e ontuni.nrc i-a afutat

.vi se iokiru.tai, tlrgilorii uetlitnretu) rclrrliv tpl nrlioul

,ri ziarr/e.'l'ottrSi,

riul strrtl nnelnti r.rttya.ftxt ,,ceanai

rtttpor'lrtrtlri" .sursi, rudiou/ .se /clrt,reapi hn-

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r:l L_l

grttrr:rt/i,.NI-anr rizglnlit in funcgic1c cc itttrcitit irr /.irtrc." ^ llt.-

crrz.trri,rrrsrr clrinrbrlrii fosr clcscrisi n tcrnretri otu:tvli,lrtlicintl

rrrr urttnrit tttcdirt Jc contrtnicirre lirrl legatc1cmotivlll schimlxrrii

- .,1 n cditorirrl din.latr/u.e'.1'ta,ls e ntiercttri n-aconvittsc' i ex1'tc-

ricnr..rpreleclinrelui in afaccrile externe ne estc indisllensabiLl."

(' l 'rcltrric srl rpriltint lirptul c'J,dactl n clpittllrrl l lrccctlctrt rre-ill lt

()(:rrl)rttlc irrrsa||rblttl aantirlnUlrli,ici tre lcttlli lttl l t t l l rdc tttr sttb-

gnl[) cscntial - oarrreniicare s-au rilz.gindit n tirrtprll t:antllrtrtici.)

[)acalollertim o distincgientre melr[ittnile gencralePicelc collcretc

dcsprc mccliilc care nfluengeaz{ chirnlxtrca cciziei dc vot' ttntlc

sc sitrtcaza )arclc, resl)ectiv adiorrl?

I)inlI irt ttltinta pcrioatli\ t camllattici, tr prcsascrisil t ost tlis-

l rou ib i lmu l t n r l i n trrh ntater ia l o l i t icdecit l l r r r t l io ' )c l i { i tc torrr l

accesibiliti it i iestc ditrcil de mtrsttrat,rtttnaiclltre inrrltrl ittrtpitttici

s-a putttt spltne cri nt'.tterialul lolitic diftrz'at a ra<litla [<ts[ ottt-

p t r r i r l r i l r r l t i ta t ivctt cc l t l i l z i r t rc t .) l tc r i t r : \11n cotts i<lcr i1 lcl r t i t t

t ) )c t ) t i t l l i lc la cclc l r l t t i l r l rcdi ' .1lt l ' t t t r t '1 iclc r t ' lcv r t t t t r ll ( ' cs l ( ) t ; l

p r iv in t l ntot ivc lc sclr inrbdri i ,n c t t rs t t l c l r l rck r t t i lt t r l i t lc : iu rh r l t r i

clc carnpanie - cclc mai activc luni clcct0rale -, lrr cc conclrl/.ic

[)utcn] a jtrngc?

i. l tc r i .a t l , r rcs ltcct iv t l t r r4 i . t r l a f .s t t t lc l t t i . t ta t t t la t ' t t l t t t

frccvent ca sursligcrrt:m/idc inflr-ren1I, irr rrtai l 'ccvcttt ca sttrsri

nttt.rt,/ri. ttqrio {ittr\, rolttl nlili ptlterl)ical rrttliottltti lcvirrc cvitlcrrt

irr crtz.ltl rtriltrririlor ollcrctc dc inlltrcrtlil

in corrc lt tz ie,n rrr i lsUran c i r rC rtass rc r l ia l t l cXcrc i t i t t rco

i l f luc r rg i \ xs l- tpral tc lg ie i {c vot ' .s i t t t vo t t t l t t i rc : t l . r i t t l io t l ls - i r

dOvcrlit rnrri cficiclrt tlccit z.iarclc. )i{'crenlclc itrtre tnotlttl tlc it

slstitre o calrtpattic 1 llrcsrl9i, cspectiv, lrirl intcrnrctlittl r"rtlitltrlrri

tlau, 'r.ltallil, scar' il clc acest tr1tt.. 'rimttl riincl, tl ziarc a'rlrc .

c l . t i ta tc c6nsic lerrr I i l i l e t t ra te r i i r lx r l i t ic lc la in<:cp t t t r r li l r i r l r i

la s l . i r i i i t r r l a . r l la r r ic i , u ' . I i .c v r r r ia l i i r . t r r l r i lc .r r t i r r l l l ' r . t t r i -

s iuni le.casi dcrrt l tguri lc cciproce lc la r t i {c l9 r ,aPa : l l r ) l t l l tp l t t t l

ele in presascrisil, Uajunssi-9i 1'riitrdl trat:tivitatcart trcltiicitito-

ru lu i carc cra expus acelu iagiml tc r i i r l Pc o perioacl ' ir r t lc l t r r rg r r ta .( ) Tolalulde cazuri interviul in noiembrie)

176 / ilutti.rntu/ uotrrltti

Cilnrpanirt a rur l io ,1 lc lc akr il ) i r r tc ,r ()stn l l r l t n )a isu l )c r { lc ia l i in

Rarlioulci agrnaiptititrt / 177

Irnt rt rrr cz.tltltelc ccrcctdrilor x)astrc rrOapiroltr XI I , cotrlorttr



l l r i r r rc lc i rz .c ,lcvc r r i r r t l r r tc rn i r ; i l i s r rs l i r r t r t l l r i i r i i t rc lna l .

i t t al tk r i lc i t i i l t rJ , a t t tp i t t t iar r u t l ioq l rs t i i i r ) t r -on l r is r l r i l r r r l t

n r i r i r r a r c r r , , c v c r r i r t ' r c n tc "r r r r t r r r r r r u i tr ; r< l l c r r t c r c s . t t t t r c i

c irrr l sc t l i f ' r rz ,c i rz . ln congrcs. rsc t r l t : i to ru l l ) ( ) : l tcl ) i l t t ic iP i r ,l r i rc t ic .l i t cc rc l l r r t t t ic:l ) ( ) i l tc crrcI ionrrl rcrr trrz. i i rsrnrr ll l r r t r l ic r r l r r i ,) ( ] i r tcr i l l

i r r r r o t l l i r c c tl r r x r r l ; ; ic f l r r . r r r l t c r r s i r r n i l o r .c c la .p ir r c r r r c :l ) c r r c o c

i ; i crr c l iscrrrsulusginrrt c rrntr ld inrrc candic la l i : s tc rnr i tcatra lr lcc i t acclapi l iscurs rrrnscrisn prcsadc dirn incrt i i .

$ i , n ul trc i lca ln t l , Pr i r i^ tc rn rc i l i r r l ad i . r r l r r i sculr i i t 'nr lar c

s c r ) t i n l c n t l r l c r il x r t i c i l l l l c r s o n a lr r v c r r i n r c n tc ,c n t in t c n tl ) cc r l r c

foairr ipJ r i t r inrr - l poir tco lc r i . I ' o l i r ic r r l i l i rz r r t r ii r r irr l io cvirrc cr r

rn r r i r r r r l t i l r g u r i r r I i i c x Pc r i c r r l i t c t i v i l l ) c n t ru r r s c u l r r t o r l c c i t

J lo l i t ica c l i r ta t i ln z irrr . ' )a cprczint i i r r r c l de contact l i rcc t cr l

prot l tgoni5t i i anrpanic i. l)s tc, r in rrrn larc, n i r i Pro i rPc lc< l c la j ic

pcrsorra l i l; ; i , lcc i , r r t i c f ic icn t i i .

I-Jn medir.r dc conrtrrricare pentru fiecure partid

? , , , . . . ^In l9 . i ( r , ; r r rc i in ) iu l ) rcg l l : r l r tn l ( ) .1 ( ) ,ra j ' r i ta tc r r iarc lor uncri-

carrc -au s l r r i j i r r i t c c irndidrrtrr lcprr lr l icarra ltrcpcdintr ic; i accst

Iucrtr -a n t in rPl l t i ; i n Sandrrsky). c ascn)cnca,n arnbclccartr-

l ra t t i isc s l)unc ci i vocca rr i {ooscvclt , arc,,sunl cxtr i lor l inar la

rutd io",-a lrcrrrr is il cxpkratczc ecst r rcc l i r rlc corrrr tn icarcn t r - r r r r

nror ln r t r l (n r i r i l lc ic r r tdc:c it .ant lonsrrrr\ / i l lk ic . Astfc l,sc l ) l l rc i l

l lcc i r rcPi r r t i r lrdorrr in ir t ,rr gcncral, rnLrl in trc cclc r lorrd r r i j loacc

cscntia lc lc c<lrrrrrrr icarc.()cca cc cstc pcrfcct a<lcvi irut.) r in nroclrr l c cxpunerc, pr in

idcol.g ia conrrrnr l ,Pr i r r rrcrcr lcrca cordati imcr l i r r lu i rcspcctiv ;ipr in t iPr r l lc in l l r rc r r ; r i ,cPrrb l ic r r r r i ir rrPrc f ' c r i r t . i l rc lc , r r r lc r r ro -

c ra t " i i u alcs a t l iou l .L) intrc oirrrrcni i r r ce la ; i n ivc l dc cducagic,

rcPr t l l l ica r r i i i tcsc z . ia rc lc r r r in r r r l r lcc i i t dcnrocragi i ,ar acc$tia

ascult i l a t l ioulmai nrulr t lcc i i t rcputr l icani i F- igura ( r ) . )ac i l ne

r ; i l ro ru on t i r t t t l t t lpro-rcpt lb l ica l a l z i t t rc l r l r r i ls t nta i stt l ls tan;i a l

r lcc i t < :on t in t t t tt lin t i l i r r l g t i r i lo r adio lbnicc, ccst t lcn l sttgcrcaz.r l

i r rc r lo r l r r t i i< : r \ i t tncn i i a t t tcndingadc a c i i t t tavcdcri lc pol i t icc

sinr i larc u alc k r r . a r subiect i inoptr iatt fostcon$tiengi e aceste

Irrcrtrri: intl ' .trrlirst intrcb'.r;i,h stiri;ittrl tti octtxrllrric, tttttlc at t

grs it , , i<l c i lcsprc a lcgcricarcsr lct-rrcspttndi lc l n rai t r t t l t1 l r< t1 l r i -

i lo r r lc i " , rc l l t rb l ican i i u menlionatz ia rc le , i t rc lcrnocrirg i i ,ad i r l t r l

(F- ig r r ra7) .

liigtrrrr 36 Ah1lilorii rrprlilimni uttttrinsr nai tnult zintvlt', nrrci

r/t' or.tzt rt tli ou , i r d ft r e t r/e n uc u erl u:rt i onn

liigtrra 37: nrflerutt le niaclul or erlucaliota/,'cfiublicatii

r.o .rr/r:vi r,ion le, a ' dru ocrn t ad ou , rv a u

ntdi ('otfotilte upr olniih lor irlci

CU LICEU SAUMAIMULT FARA

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sf irp itrr lu i octorrr lrr ic , Lrb icct i iru osr ntrc l la t i ' i r re rc ( lc i c r i ,au

l i )s i t t i l i r l l ) r ( l i t l )clc a t lc :v i l rrn l i in r l la r l i r r lc ) 5 t i r i lcc l i r r i r r rc i r r r

c c l c r l c l r r i r t l i o l " ) i r t n o t r ,p i r r ( i z r l n i iu r t r i l l r r i t , , i r r r p i r r t i a l i t r r t c : r "

gi , ,vc r i r l ic i r r r tca"cc l r r i an l l rncr l ia arca pre:/ .cntatdc i s imi la re

c t t r r lc or ( l i ig r ra3 i t ) . S-a Prr r r lusl r , i t tc lrn trurrs l 'cr lc a valor i lc

l)llrt z.ill(: I r vlrlotrclr rlc lrrlcvli .

Acc i ts t r i c r rd i r t t l t bst n l i l i rc lcv r r r r t rln c i rz . r r lr r l r icc t i lo ru r r r r

grud nr i r i n r r l tc lc cducatic. ii r r r r ost r r r r iscns i l t i l i i r l tart izan:rtrr In r c t l i a ; i n u i r r ra v l r t n c rc ( l c r c n v c r i r l i c i t a t c ar r r s c i , r i v a l c "dc

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in s f i i r l i t , i l r f l r rcn t i r c lo r < lou i imedia a fos t d i fc r i t i i in caz.u l

cclor dor r i ipa r t i ( le l l igura 3( l ) .Oarncniicarepi-au chirnbat nten-

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CU LICEUSAU MAI MULT

REPUBLICANI I]EMOCRATI REPUBLICANI DEMOCRATI

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ltriului" mecliuclecomunicarc, -a gilsitmai pc placttlci. I avtlt ll lt

multd incredere n el si a fost mai int' lttcrttatri le cl '

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ftrst citu;i <Jc iltre subiccli, ntt a fost ltet pcltrtl cttrisittnilc kr r

clcspre xrlitica nternd, et pcl' ltru clatiirile stll)ril tfitccril<trxtcLllc

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fil[)te au first p avantajll denrocragi[or.rtrrl, lc pilcll, 9 tiiprirri rtrc

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c [ r ia r i nunla i ca sddatl o pa lmt ld ic t i t to r i lo r . "

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Ilcvista - rncrliu spcci';rl izat e cornrrnicare



Prc r lc r r r .c r r l t i . a tc l , to i i cc i l ) i r t rusrrb iccl i r r rc - i l r r c l ' c r i ta t i t h c l iscrrrsuri lcr r i l . (ooscvclr , i i t si l ircc lc i r lc u i \ \ ' i l l k ic iru f i rs tcrnvirrg is r i - ivotcz.cPe rJcnrocrat i ,arr l i r r t rc cci ,Pt s r r l r icc ; ic l l rc au rncngionatdoar t l iscrrrsuri le rr i\ \ / i l lk ic ,l ) r r t f l r - i i l r ro t l r i t s i l- l o tcz.c1lc looscvclt . - l r rl l tc :rrv irr ts ,r l i s c t r r s r r r i l cr r i v r l l l < i c ru rc l i o r r l t r r r r r l t r r r r c r r r r rgr l r p o t r i v i rr r r ,t lc5 icrrrrr , cr,rcr ic , nc r r i tc .s i i - lr j r r tc .r r r r l ,lc p i lc l l , rrn t in i i r carc,r l r r l l : icc : r os t : i la t ntrc cc lc clouripart idc, s-a ho tr i r i i t n I lnal, noct<rrrrlrric,l)cntnl l{<.roscvclt:,tlrt arcuhrtlutttlerli.rcurcuirle-a/euillti//lir,ri nu-t,i pkue tilttr/ [...1.' lirr ce ftrcccstc sir-lcontlanrrrepel ' ( . 'scvclt . Nr r s l lrrnc n i r r r ic lcsprccrrrnva lacc ccca cc pr,rrr i tcac l l r l l . i r r ( . ,scvc l t r r - i r . is ic i . t l r r t i i i r r r ic : lu c lcs l l rc 1., ,

I)c dc a l t { l r l r tc ,d iscursuri lcPrc i ;c t l in tc l r r iu iu . r ta rn i t dvcrs i-tatc a vrcuntr ld i lrrrcsubiccgi i ndcci i ; i . tcacpi l ip ic i lcstc lustratddc caz.tr l r rc i bnrc i n v i rs t i l ,carca fusr nrrecis: iP in l i in r r l r in rc lczilc rrlc ::UrrPrrrrici:,()iul rtut utzi/r/i.tr.rrrsrr/h,h Iftihu/r/1t/tirtt/prr,,rt-rlittt ' lui lloo'ndt, aru dccis cri villti ic nr.r .lrcdcsrtrli.l xl)cricn[rI cas i l ic Prcpcdi ' tc . Nt r ; ; t ic dcstu lc dcsl lre i izb ' i . " Iar l{ 'osevclt aavrtt r rrra i rrrkc lcc ig t iga t - r r i e ci ircor i subicc; i i -auascukat eanrirrdoi i rnc l i r lap i i; i l r r f i icu t )conrParir I ic . c Pi ld ; i , atdun t in i irc i trc s-n clccis ' irr lna l s l- i votczc 1lc dcrrrocrai: , ,Di.rattsrt i /e urll:i//I'fu ,ti a/r /ui lloosez'ch h .situ/trili .rcara tn-au /,icut .tri tnrJ tr.tlrirzi.rr

/)(,t/tu lloo.rn'clr.Arr lirst Prinrclc tliscrrrsrrril)c carc lc-arrrauzit.Wi l lk ic rru t ic s i i i ru i urr l isc r r rs ,t r rc i i rca ntult . , ,

As t l c l ,s t i l r r l a d i . f , ' i c . , [ r r . r " a l r r i { ' , s c v c l t , ca g i c c l , , s la b , ,al l t r i w i l l t< ic . srr lr iccrc t lcsca l iscuratc n cursrr lcalrrParic i, uavut con t r i l ) r r t iaor. s i i nc arrr int irD : t rrra jontatca c lo r c i l rc s-ar lritz.ginclit tr irst tkraractivatri lc ccca cc au auzit la rldi' , nu cor.r-vc r t i t i .

l i l t r r i ; i ,Ascn'rcncaxpcricnfc cxp l ic i l t lc cc radiorr la lost

corrs ic lcnrt,l r r in conrparal iccrt . t . i i t rc lc ,urr r r rc r l i r r r ra i n,oral_r i ldctt tocrrr t . i lor.

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sittragic.ampania rcziden;iaLleprezinti entru cvistele meri-

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rrnr i lzut i i rr :rr l l i tolrr lrcccdcnt, le-a rngrrl artrpanicicvistclc

rlc rrrirs: lr rptrl l l icat ntrrl j imc c dez.batcricsl lrc cmclcalcgc-ri lor ;i rrai lcs cspre ersonal i t t l t i leandidagi lor.

f)osilri l itatca a o revisti s'.I nfluentezedeciziade vot cstc

l inri tatrt le a run nceput, l in auza umilruluielativ nicde cit i -

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si 25% cl irrtrc ubiccgi i ogtri u ci t i t art icolc in revistcdcsprc

alcgeri ,ndiferent c momentul ampaniei.

[)ar artdiengaeclusil revistelor steoarecllrn ontpensattlc

car:rctcrist ici lci. Drrp{ cunt am vilzr.rtn Calt i tolrr l , in f iecarc

grttp rlcialxist io rrrinc'r i tatelc unrcni ct ivixrl i t ic, arc rr osi-

lr i l rtatca c a inf lucnga lcciziaonccti lgcni lorl idcri i de ol l inie.Printre rdsiiturileare i diferentiazdeaflA iaceea il au citir nrai

mult despre ampanie iau ascultatmai nrulteptiripolitice.Astfcl

dc rl i fcrelr;cntrc ideri i leopinicpi restul amenilor unrgi nrai

l)ronurltratcn ccca c privcgteectura cvistclrrr. in inclicele xltu-

ncri i1.rc:arc-rurr onstruitcz.ult i l{ idcnrlclc l l i rr ic rcdirr rrnrrl-

rcStc proxinrrl t ivlc cloui l r i naimult <lcci i t et lgeanrrlbigntri t

ziarclc inrdioLrl .i r dcsprecctura evistcklr,ccst alx)rt stcdc

r l l ) r ( )a l )c 1 a l .

I)rrnctrr l rr lrn inantal in f l uenrei cxercitareclc revistc a l i rs r

atirrs clativ <lcvrcnre. n accl mornclltr n ziarc ;i la radio apilrcau

prrt inematcr ia lede campanie, entru cd n ic i l ' luse nt inrp la nrare

Irrcnr; cvistc leau unrplut acestg< l l u art ico le ,neclata l l i le", un l

ar fl trcrccrilc rr rcvistilalc caricrelclr orrrbatanilor. C-clentai rrrrrltc

nrcu[i<ln:irialc rcvistclor ca sursccarc au ol'crit rnorivc de schinr-

l r i t rca l t i tuc l in i i c lectoralc u fost nrcgistratcn l l r in r i r unri l ta tc r

canrpanic i. i r r rcv istc le au fos t , l l ro l tab i l , ; i mai i lnportantc sprc

18.2 tllrenri.suulottt/triRar/ionl iTadnt tiTrttit' i I lfi l



sf r ; ; i t r r lp r i r r r r ivc r i i ,rr pcr ioarlrr inaintc l convcnti i lor, t trnci i nd

inc : l ntr irrccptrscrn r r tcn ' i r t r i lc . ) r r r ,o datAcc canrpirn ia at ins

l)unctu lculr) l inant,1 lc a r r i j loc r r lg ip re f i r ; i tu l hr ioctontl tr ie ,cvis-

tc lc au n t r i r t ntr-un corr lc untbr2i,i is ln t l oculz iarc lor i adioulu i.

[ )o t r r i cn t l i r r lc rn l i i l r r l ' ro r ta l r tclcf inesc o l r r l lo l i t ic al rcvis-

tc l r l r : l) i rccstca c ocupri, n r n irrc, ourdc pcrsorrrr l i tdgi6i (2) au

r t l t i t r r t t l t p l l i t r l ) c r r t r u x l ) l u r c r c i r n t r is t t l r i c t : t . ; r p i t o l t t ll ) r c c e -

t lc r r t a ari i ta t rr cc nr i lsrrr : Icv istc lcatr l )usacccntulpc pcrsonrr l i -

t ig i lc c i rnc l i r lagi lo r ,n spccia l l )c cca a lu i Wi l lk ie . Acest acccnta

rc ic ; ; i tpi l in nrcntior l i l r c i l cv istc lor n lcgitrrr t l u nrot ivc lcsclr im-

l l r i r i i r r tc r r t ic i lc vo t . ( lc l rrrar r lcsca, u fostc itatc :aargnmcntc

trra i lcgr ir lr t i aractcru l i tndidatult t i cptrb l ican, ar icraori un a lt

asl)cct cc t.inea<lc pcrsonalitatca ir, ar nu programtrl politic pro-

pr iu-z is.As t fc l dc nr i - r r t r r r i iru fos t frecvcntc: ,Am c i t i t povestea

victii lrri \\/il lkic in ,\rr/urr/a)' t:miag Post... Anr citit despre via;a

lu i Wi f l i ic in ' [he I , 'anu.lourtt , t l . . ."

in accl lrp i i r r tp , r t tnodrt l lc c itarea surscl( lr chirrrb i ir i i x is t r l

unclc l trcrt tr icarc srtgcrcaz.: ii i rcv is taeste mai aptd dc a ofer i'anit l izcasul)r i l nui sttb icct, r .r ornparat ie u z iarc lesau radioul.

lr ,s tc, n accl ir tr iinrp, n ra ipu l i r ) cgat{ lc evenimentclecotid ienc

t lcc i t z . i r rn t li arc ir l isgroz, i ; icr ra i r t r l t i rn l l pcntrtra <lcz.voltan

sttb icct r lcc it corncntalonrl pol i t ic c lc l tr r trr post t lc radio, carc

incc i r rc l is i i l rcrrpcrc u;r i nrtr l tc srr l l icctc r r t r -osingrrr i l r rr is irrrrc.

Nrt avclrr r ic io tk rva t l l lc f i r r i r iv i in aecst cns, ar arr x istat rncori,

i r r r r t c r v i r r r i l c o r r s t r c ,r r r r rn r i t cl r r z , i i; r r c c i n d rc p r l i l c s c dc re -

clcnr tccst trcrtt. rrtll. lc pikli, o l'crncie irrcse hotJrisc sil-ivoteze

pc rc l l t r l r l ican irr iu lr ic , crcz. irr t l t i va f i dcsemnat Dcwey' : , ,D i r r

cc-arlr citit. inri lrlrrccDcrvcy - i-a e iminatpegatgskri etc. Am cit i t

rfrr articol in I'Ie tltteriuut rlcslrre aiato $i originea ui f)ewey qi

tlcsJrrc acliuilrtlca Iu itttpo|tita crini mlinilii din Neu' Y<lrk.

' ' l ' f rorrnsl l t l rnrrn t l )crvc\ ' ( l1 l \Z-1971),ru lx r l r t i c cpulr l ic : rn ;n 19.10

carrt l idat cnt r t t t torrr i r r : t l iz i r rcrrn r ; r r rs i rrcz. i r lcn l i r r l : t ;r l (cr ior, dct inrr t uncj ia

t lcgrrvcrrn torI IStat rr l r r ic* ' ) 'o rk( | () . f .1-I95.5), iar in91-f candid: . r t laprege-

d irr l ic nr l ro t r iv i rt r r l rxr tcvcl t n. cd. ) .

( ]ast t rs i i t lc i r t { . l t tc . t l l i i . rcv iStxsl lcc ia l iz ,a t l l .c lcst i t l i t t i i l l I l t l i l ) [ | l ) l | ( ]

( :u t tn c , i l ) l l ) s l lcc i f ic t lc in tcrcs ' a r iva l iz ' i r t ll rov ist r l r : r t o t ic t t t i t rc

g c | l c r i l l I , d c I r r as i l . ( ] e a t l i n t | r n. r a a c o l ) c r t i t r n l l r r l ll i c t l c c . t t c r ' l t r t r t

nrai marc clccit 1>rtma,Jar este mli l luf in c{ icicnt ' i i tr a schirrt l la

oPil l i l tc. Rcvtsrrt spccielizat 'J are tln ilt t l important ' t i irrel ac(:cl)t i l t i i

r lc c i t i t< l r c i l l lu r td tor r le cuvi in t nl t r t lc i cat lT.c at r l t l l t t t ig ru l t (l c

( ] l l r cc l cstc | i r ; r r t c r t tcrcsat9i ct t carc sc i t |cnt i I rcr l . {c :v ist r t tl t r t ic t t -

t i l r c {c l lcrr t l i l r rcc : r rc i l l i sc t tc l rcsczc t l t l l r ( )r n t tcc la$ i i r rrP 1i ' ir r

t .orrscci l r l l i . rc t ) c l rp t rc i ta tcn]a i rct l t ts i t < lc r at i r tgc o t i t l l i l Prccis i i '

in l l l trs, rcvistclc clc ltccst t ip sunt consi(lcnttc t lc oll icci prrl l l icrrt i i

t lc . i 'crt isr.rc' t , in t irnp ce revistclc sPcciirl iz.ate rrnt crc(l it i l tc ot l

,.'riozitatc' n tlistrictul irie' n 194(l"l/te tnn Jourtrrtlt irst ttctt-

t i < l n a t i c a i n f l u e r rg t r c o n c re t , J a s c l r i m l l i l r i i t | e i l t t e n i c l a f e | d c

frecventca 1i collier'.r.n pofidamariiclifcrcngcc tiraj' ar prrbli-

catia triIirrvttscnrJ,la indulei, a ostmenlionat{a el de frecvcttt

ca si ,ifi s'.u,lalutrloy 'uetingPo'cl'A c c s t c a l r i t t l l . l | L . r l t t l i n t a g i r t c g c t l c r a l l i i l s \ l l ) r a r r r l r t l t t i j t t t . i r t r l c

n*rss nrcrl ia i. r:anrlta' ia t l in 194(). n cclc cc rtrt ltcltzr\. ' t t l t l altaltzl

c()ntactelc dirccte dintre oarrleni'



( : / \ l ' l ' l 1 . (l , N V

()rrro;lcrrit rtca

lxrlitictl

n grtrptrr i lor

sociale

in cursul accstu i tudiu arn gi is i t nunreroasc

tlovczi a lc i r l l t r r l r r i c r l oaurcni i v() tc irz.r l, i r )

grup". in n."rt cirllitolvonl ilnalizll nrllortirrrla

accstr-rispcctal coml)ortrunentrt t clcctorirl.

Dulrd cum igi amintcptecititorul, ccva rnai

nrult cle jurndtatc clintrc alcgrltorii dirr dis-

t r ic t r r l i r ic au i rs t cpulr l icani.Accst rrcrrr

lirst valabil atet I)cntnl illtrcirga Poprulagicdistrictulrri, dt pi pcntru diverscleeqarrtioanc

de cite 600 de oameni incluse in studiul

nostru.Dacri,de exenrplu, anr fi luat ntrnrelc

ficcllrci rl sr.rtill)crsoilnc lintr-o listil alftrbc-

ticii a tutur<lr ocr-ritorilor listricttrlrri,arn fi

dcscopcrit , l in norr, cd 1lutr in n i l i nru lt dc

ju r r )a l t i l tcr i t t t cp t t l l l ican i .

I)ar sI l)rcsul)uncl)t cil anr fi proccrlut

rrltfcl,ci ant fi alcsdottlzcci clc rcptrblicarri rt

intinrlllarc li i-anr fi ptrs srl-i nttnrcasctipeto t i pr ietcni i , ,cc in i iqi colcgi i de t r r r rnc lpe

cirregi -lr fi putut'.tnrinti. )aci' i, rpoi, -lrrrr i

i r t t rcb i r t1tc ol i oarnenii rc l t t r r i r l ilc is tan< l i rs -

tril cu cinc v()r vota, l)r()l)or[ia c rcllrrblicarri

ar f i fos tconsit lcrabi l nai r r ra rc lcc i t l )c r l t r t t

ansamblul districtuh.ri. 5i, nvcrs, rlacilanr fi

l3'(t / .llu,trirnul ut/tt/tti Onngtihlra 2o/tlttit rt ytttltutihr suralt I l'97



i r tcc l l t t tc t t l tn nlunr ' tr lc lo t t i iz .cc ilc : lc r t to t i r r t t ii lc - r tn t i cctt t t

r r t t r r r c l crp to p i i r l i l o rr r l i r r l i l c r i t c l L ' r c l c v i r t t r i ,t t t t i < l c s t :o p c r i t

o l r ro l lo r t iccorrs i<lcra l l i ln i l i c ( lus i i lc rcp t t l l l ic r rn i c accasti i is t i i

c lcc it l i r rr ivc luI ntrcg\rhr i l is t r ic t .

Accst l t tcrtr rcp rcz . in t i i -r l t i l fornrrr larca af irnragic i )()astrc

l l o t r i r . ' i t l r c iu v o t t t l c s t c , r r n ro r lc s c n l i i r l , c x p c r i c n l r t c g ru [ ) .( ) r r r r r c r r i i' i u cn ru n c c : i c ,r i i c s cs l r t rp i l ) c t r c c i r r rp r r ln r l l r c t t r l i r r r

f r lnsc ) l i t r isr iv() tcz.c cci l t l i ; r tn t l ida l i .

Sc l lo t o l 'cr i lo t t r i i l l r r r i dc pro l lc l lc r r t ru l ( ' c i ls t { f i r r r r i tg ic .)c

t lc o pr r r tc ,l ) r . r tcn r t r r< l i i rl i rcc tornogcnitatcrr o l i t ic i ia ur)()r nr -

l l t t r i p r c c t tn ro rg r t r r i z r r l i i l c' r l t c r r r c , a ro l r i i l c , : l r r l l r r r i l cp r r r t i v c ,

l ) r c u u n l i ' i r r r r i l i r rr n t l l c g r r rp r r r ir r s t i t t r l i o n r r l i z r r t ci r r r i l a r c .) c r l c

lu l t r i a r t c ,l ) u t c r ) l i r l o s i r t l r o r t l r r r cr r t l i r c c t r i .) a r r r c r r i i c i r r cruanu-

r r r i tc c r t r : rc tc r ist ic io lntrnc : l l )art in , c rcguli , i rcc lorasi ruptrr i .

. 5 t i r r r .l c p i k l . l , l i l r o l r s c n i r t i r ro t r r r rn r i .l io a n rc l r i ii n r l s dsc a s o c i -

cz.c r l r i < lcg ra lx i:Lt c i <lcacccaliv i i rs t i i lcc it crro ltnrcrr i n t r l t r ra it i r r c r i s i t t t r r i t i r i t r i ni . I ) i t < : r il c s c o p c r i r n ,l c c i ,c r ic x i s t J l i f c r c r r l c

n)rtrcantc ntrc t l i lc r i tc lc g r t tp t t r idc v i i rs t i i n pr iv in l ir cotn l)orr i l -

nrcntu lu i dc Yot, : t t "unc il)utcnt dccltrcc r i oantcni i carc ntrct irr

contactc n) i l is tr insc ntrc c i sut ' t n ir i predispusi ti ,o tez.ea fc l. l

Strat i l ic :rreu socia lr i ;i orrro{crr i tatcapo l i t ic t i

I to r t t i r r r l lc l r t tcc i ts t r i t l< r t tur l ro r r l r t rc ,lc r l t tc t i l l , f lc to r i i c l trc lc :

vo r r :o r r t l t t t ; cr rg r t rn c t r t l r l i i rl u t t i t c c i i l \ i) c

c i l r c s - l r l u z l t t t t r l c x t r l

n ( ) s tn rl c Prc t l i s Po z . i l i io l i t i e c( l i rP i to l r r ll l ) - n i v c h r l I , , .S ,rP i r r t c -

r r c n l r c l i g io r r s i ii r c z i t l c r r t ; r .

I" iccarc dintrc lrcc lt i t re i l r rc to r i oaci i un rol in) l)ortaut n a

r l c c i t l c c t i p t l c o a r r r c r r i' ( ) r l v c r r ( ) l t t r r c t cr ru i t r i r r s c r r t r cc i .

l ic r r r t ic t i isc v ( ) r t l r i t t t rat l ro r c rn r ic r i . rv i r r t l on t i rc tc ra is lrrbc rr

p o l l r t l : r t i i rt r l l r r r r i . : r r c , r r i r r r l r r l i , i r r r n c i r z . r ir l t cg n rp r r r i . c c lu s i

I t t c r t t s t c v r r l r r l r i ll ) c n t rug r t t l l t r r i l cl c o a rn c r r il c i r o r r t c i v c l r r r i l c

socirv-qr ' ' , r , ' t , , l r r icc.t i t cxpcricrr t lr lcz . i t r z . i , i t 5i strrr l i i lc pccia-

l izrr tc lcrt tonstrcrr/ . i ir i r r r r r r t l iv i r l si rr lcgcpr ic tc r r i i ; i pi gr isc;tc

r rn t t r r r t j r t l o i l r cc a t1 t r c a c c la q i i v c lS l : ,S r t1 i c l ' [ ) c l r rP t ' r r s t i t r r -

t i i l c s o t ' i i r l t ' t t r l r : t t t c ,' t l l l l l r l c I r l l r r r i l c ' ' c c i t r l i t r i l i l c ,c \ t i l t l r i l l l t c l c

1 i l r t l r l r r i r i l c o c i l t l c n fo rn ta lC .t t l t t c t t t l l r c t t t r i lx t t t t c t l i l t : i l r l l l t t

l ioc io-ccoltotrr ic int i lar 9i con t r i l l t r ic ' .r t i r i t r ls t r l l t i l lc i l tsocia l i tl

f i la l . apurtenclga cl ig ioasA e acc l l l f i t ip t t t t l ) t ln l i t i c i i i t t l t t t t r t

oarrrcrr i i uolr t l td )c t l t r t ld i l ' c r i tcasl)cctc cAi l tc lc v i r t t i t c l ig io lrsr i ,( l i l r l ) ( ) i l t c r l n l l t t c r t t c z , ci n l c g c r i lC) l i l t r i l l l ( ) t l i r r l c .r i r ' l t i r t r r t t g ' t -

j l rc r r l l t t t t trcdc Ir t t tncA.

Ast l 'c l , ccca cc.Jnt s l ) t ls na i t t tc l l tx t tc |i rc{6rr t t r r l i t t ts t l t ' l : o i r-

rneni i cr t rc oct r l ' r { r ivc l t t r i s i l l i la rc in i r t t lcxt t l prct l ispozi l i i lo r l lo l i -

t icc ( l l ) l r ) s l ln t sL lsccl) t i l t i l i s . l sc l l ' lc fi i l t t r - t t r t c() l l t : l ( : t l l r l i s t r i i l l s

u l l i i c l l r r l r i i . r r r g r t r l l t t r i l Cl ) c c i l r c l s vo r l i r r t l t r l l s t l i ' l c s t t ' l i t : t t l t '

l l robrr l l i l s i l ic t lcst t t l t lc on logct tc i l l co l l l l ) ( )r t l l t l )c l l t l l l 1i vcclcr i lc

lor pol i t icc.

Accastii cnclitttiieste accclltrlatii )c l' 'ar(rlrslll crrtttllanici. )rtcri

{b losirrr va l t t i i r i lc I ) [ ) ca indcx r r l gntpttr i lor n citrc se s i t l lc i lz i l( ) i rp lc t ) i i ,t t l t t tc i ch i t ) lb i t r i lcc i r l tcn ; icc lcc to r l r l i l( ) r rc$ tc l l logL'-

n it ir tca ru l ) r t l t t i . ' l ' abc lu lX i-aclasi lrcat)c cci 54 lc a lcg i i lo r ir to l r i l i

drrp i iest iurdr i le I )P.Daciine t t i t i ln r t ta i n t i i l r r ntcnt i i lc or c lct ' to-

ra lcdin luna na i ,descoperinr t6OVo l i t l t rcci (cclc 24 dc cr tz t t r i t t

cva l r t l i r i l ) l ) , ,rcpult l icane" are n tc l l f i ( ) l r l l l l i l - ivotcz.cPc t lc t t t t t -

c r i t l i . l r l r i r :Ci Ccc , t lc t t toc r i t l i ": r l tc ' t t i t t l l l \ - i 1 l tczc pc lcprr lr l i -

capi) crarr c lcv ia l t i . 1 in tc rv i r r l l ip oc to t l t l r r ic ,t t :c5 t in t l iv iz i fi

rcg l l lsc l i i n rc t r t i r rlc vot in rr la 'c l t lc i t c lr sc a t l t : t ' r ' r tl t t lcx t r l t r ior

f ) l ) . l {cs tu ldc 40()6levcniscrt\ lev i i rnp i .hr a l rcc r tv i t r tc ,) r ( ) l ) r ) l t ia

tlcviitrrtikrrprintrc cci cc i;i-ittt cltirttbitt rrtcrrgiilc -it ctlttsc.rtZll( ' io

iqtrc [1 t i lc q ] t l ili ( t ( ' t ( )ml l r ic . s t l ' c l , l l i t jo r i t i l tc i l lcg r i to r i lo r' i l l ' c c

ruizgiintlcsc fttc n tlirccgia ottlltl i l l)xjoritar rr grtrptrrilc tlr socirtlc-J

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c()ntro l, n crrrc l ) l r rcn rs t r r r l ia ch i r r r l r i l r i lc :l)c trccrttc n t rc l r r l r i lcn ra i^ i ; iu l ic , rcspcctiv n r rc nra i ; iaLrgust.r

I r r nr i isuran carccarlpaniaaclucc c l r in rb j r i r r in re r r t i i lc lcc-t . r l r lc .accstcsc l r i r r rb . t r i'or ( ,1)crurrrrrnain t l i rcc l ia .rcatcr i i nr,-g c r r i t l t l i iPo l i t i c c ; i r r rPu r i k r r o c i r r l c .. , a Pr i v i r c n u i r t c r r t i l ,ct lov r : t lc ; tc : r l ' i r r r rcn i ir r ; i5 isrrntcor rSt ic r r l ilc t rp t r r l rl o t :u r r r l r r r -

n ic lc rcgrul lcaz.drc r l i r r l oc ir las t f l i r rc i i t rccstalcvinc,c l inptrnctdc vcdcrc p ' l i t ic , r .a i s ' l i t la r cu pr.pr i irc lo r vc t lc r i . La r r l t i ' r r r lin tcn ' irr l inuintca legcr i l r l r nr l)us rrnrr i toarcantrcbare: ,pr iv indi t r i t l lo i i t lcs l r lg t r r rr rc i tlc p i r t i l ac lun lc lrrrpanic i, i t r io r r r r rc l i l i r r t rc :

P r i c t c r l i iS i t r t l c l c l t t n t t l c r t v r x t s t r i i- a r r i l z g in r l i tq l l r i y i r r l r rc l l l r r icunl vor vot lr i n cc t l i rcc t ics - r r r rr r t l rcp ta t i i , ,

( } st i tvcnt l i l t t r tg i t rcr ra i la r i i lsu l ) r r l i t t ra t ic i . r r - rt r rc l ia tlgarr i i s P r r r r s r r r i l cr r l l i c c t i l o r: i r r cu r r v u to i r r t c r r r i c.o n s t r rn t i il c v o t .t l u rc r r r c u i l u v o t i r ( i ru l c g c r i l c l i r r r o i c r r r l l r i c : .t _ ' i r r rv i l z , r r tr c c s t io t r r r c r r il ) c I r c c i i n ( lu - s cr r r r r r r l r r ? { i l s p r r r r s r r lc r l l i i r r ' l ' r r l r c lu lX .

Ai ;acrrnrobscrvi inr rr accst lbcl, r iccarcc l incelc tknr i inrcdir

l lo l i t icc rrra j ' rc ol)crcazi i a un fc l c lc c ir 'p nlag.ct ic , a t r rg i i r rc l.anrcni i dc acclasi ip i ; i rcspingandrr- i e inc l iv iz . i i u puncte cl cvcdcrc antagonicc. r r : r l tccrrv intc, lcc;rrc r r rP lcvirrc,n t :c t , lu rs rg t r r , l r l lo r ) )o g c nn o ; l i r r i i i r r c o n rPo r ta n lc n t l r lP0 l i t i c . c l r i r r r -b i l r i l c l r t c r r l i c il c v o t ( j i l r c u a v r r t o c r r t r r u l0 l l s c r v a to r i l ( ) rc l ) u -b l icani s r r r r t ,n rnajor i t i r tca :az . r r r i lo r ,n t l i rccgia cPrrbl icani l . i,invcrs, lc c i tc o r i s-au cnrrur latc l r i r r r l r i t r in ftrvoarcar r i {ooscvclt .c lc sr r r l l lx ) r t r r (t lc o ltsc v i r to r ic lorrrocrrr l i .

'l'alrcl'lX: l)im th -v/rittrbriri/rr. lxo-"vt/e/t, liJititt,lirtrltttti

r/e rulitt ti

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nisnrtrlproicctici,cii obscrvatorii oi;triau v'Jzutnunrai acelcschim-

biiri carc crxu in firvoarca andidagiltrr legidc ci. Tabelul X arati,

totu$i, i i r rcnrr i lc u stauchiarapa,n t ruc i i tat i t subiecgi i cpubli-

carri, :iitpi :ci lcrrrocrafi uobscrvatmai n'nrlte chimbtrrin favoarea

I r r i \ ' i l l k ic , irrr r ccst rrcru ndic i l car l tc tcru l cal is t rl o l lscrvagiikrr

s r r l r i t : r ;1 i lo rog t r i ,St i r r t i i r rd czl is tr ic tu l r levcnit < l incc n cc rt ta ircprr lr l ican c rni ' lsuranaint{r i i cantl lanic i.

Stn rcttu' ir lxrliticri zr irrnilici

I iarrr i l i a stc un gnrp t irarte decvat copuri lor r rn i l r i tcc lestudit t l

nostnr, )c l l t ru r t i n in te iorul e i condig i i le e viag:i t ing un I l t axi-

rrrrurr lc s irn i lrrr i ta te,ar conti lc tc le eciproce unt nrai frccvente

r lcc i t i r r r r l tcgnr lx i r i .

iu l r r r ra ru l ius t , l r rgt\s ic

44 dc rncnrbria i c ;;ant ionLtl t t iostr t t

carc se hotiriscrd deja cunr vor vota gi care rnai aveau gi un alt

alcgitor cle drcpt trdind sub acelagi coperip u ei. in acclafi tinrp,

78Vo lirnrc accptialcgiitorinrcntrionagie ei inten;ionau se voteze

l )c :n tn l rcc l i r ; i i t r r r l i r l r r tl pi s r tb icc ; i i l r tc rv i r r l t r i ()stru i 0oker in r

r rcs ig r r r i i t lo r r r2(/ocrr:r n t lczacorr l u ol) l iunca sul>icctu lt t i e

rc lL ' r i r r t r l . .S i t r r : r1 ia-a sclr irn lxrtpugin i t tuuci c i trr l s-a a jt t t ts t

\'otrrrcu {'cctivd. )upri alcgcri, nurlai 4% din cei 413 nremtrri carc

i lu \ , ( ) t i r tiu s l ls t in r r t il o pcrsoan'J in fanri l ia or votasc ntr- t ln al t

nrot l .s is tc irr tcrcsarrt c o lrscrv ltcel rac l r t llc dczuc<lrt l crcscut

lr$or L ltrcln r r lu l r ru r lx rn ic i .ccst rrcnr stc n consonanlr l u rczul-t i l tc lccxl) lrsc n Capito lLr l I , unclcanrvJzutc{ oarncni i u l lupipre-

sirtniklr corrllictrrirlc c hottlrilsc irzitt cu cirrc sil ,rltcze.

l)rr tcrrr xpkrr ir n t r l tmai dcta l irr t c lapi i lc i n tre d ifcr i tc lc ip r r r i

t lc in l l t rcn l r lcrrrc c r r r i tn i l ' es t i ln intcr iort t l arn i l ic i . ) in trc cttp lu-

rilc ciisr-ttoriten clrrcarnbii partenerise hotilriscrdsi votezc, ntrntal

t rn t r l in Z2cr r rn dcz.acorr l .n.c"" cc privegtc elagi i lc in trc p i r in l i

; i copi i , anr g i is i t doar un caz d in 12, distanla d intre general i i

190 / lluani:uulvotrlttiOntngrttitunn polilirt a lnvltutihrsotiale / l9l



anrr) l i f ic ind di lcrcnpclcdc s t i l de v iagd; i<1c o 'ccP; i i .Ac ' rc lu l s- arc a l i z - r tc l r r r i r i r r l i r r i l ) i l c u n rs p r r r r c i r r r r . r t r lP . l l t r l a r - c t rs . c r i il ' c t r in t l i ' accc i r ; ; iasd. ) pcrcclrc l in c i rc i sc a f l i r c lx lz i t i iP ' l i t iecc l i l ' c r i tc .

Ac.rc lu la l)r()a l)cPcrf 'cct l i r r t rc r; gi s.t ic strn. inc i r r r r czultara l

d o n t in r r l i c i t l a s c t t l i r t cn s i t t r a g i i l cl l o l i t i c c .r r t r - r r n r r r r r r r i t11c tr l s t r r r l i r r l r r i' r ( ) : , i t r u ,r r r rr r t r c l l i r tl c c i r r c r r l r i c t : tl r c i l l i s r : r r t i r s c: r rc i r r c v i rl r r . l l l c rn c Pr l i t i c c r r r r l t i r r r c l c i rP rd r r r i r r i .. 5 l c lL . r r r c i t rsptrs i i r l is t :u t l rscr : ilcsprc lcgcri cu sortr l r r . la r ,d intr-rrn run)r ircgal dc l r i i rba t i r lcSia r r t in rPl r r rc . rrnraiPatnrau ra l )o r t l l t l iscu t i icu sori i lc . . ) r rc i lrccstc iscutr i lc f i rn r i l icracr i rn ol a L. l kr rnpor_ta r ) t l )cn t f t rsot i c i r5i pcntnr so t i i lc or, tunci l r r rcbui s i i )bt incm

a l l r , . r in ra t ivacc l l ; ; in trnrdrdc ruP.artcpriv inclsclr irnbarcadcikrrp ' l i t icc in cazr r l c l ' r d 'u i i scxc. )ar nunraiso t i i le5 t iu carc srrnt< lPin i i lcPo l i t iccalc bi irb:rg i lorr r r . ccgtia r rs i r - r r t; l isc r r r r i116l i t ic l i

c t t t tc t 'cstc lc o r ;s irnt c r l<loar c rc latc irzel.$ i , r l r r l l r i unr v()n lvcdcad in c i ta t c l cc l c ' a i i . s , s r l i i l c c r r i r r rl ' r c s cs i r i sc s Pr r r r r l. . . 1 s t r r r rIuc r t r r i le : ,1 ,a nrcnirrr i lc a ' tcr ir irrc, nrr r r r i ig indiscm c lc l .c , craracum s-au aProPiatalcgcrilc ;;i cred cii_ivoi i()ta l)c clenr.cragi,zz

, r i o lu / t t .u " ; ,S. [ r r l rc . a [ r rs t l rn t ' t t lcar r r raePtrb l ic :a..l ls l ) rncc i i ,drrr :d' ( ) t i rn ll )c r l rn r la r t i r lc l i fc r i tc ,vo t r r ln.str tr r r r r n i r i rrcnic itf. sclls. Apa cd nd gritr/r.rc.rrl er/cz ta/ ti.r/a,si rrt_i ,olft l)t tr./),_bliattri..."

.Sc1>irrc i i r , . r r r r l r . r iu l 'arca p ' r i t ic r ra 'p i r r ic i , c i s i irr tregtr lr r ivc l lc intcrcscstc contlu{ i<lsrc l r r r . rrrcrn lrnr l f t r r r r i l ic irra l t t r l .

l ) i n t r c l l : i r l r i r t i i i l r c u r r r i r r r i f ' c s t r r tu n r rn r i t r r r t c n ; i c c v o t 5 i r l rntarc: 111cpcsl)cntnr alcgcri,nunrai3oToursustinut c r isol i i le . r nr ravcrrrr Jc gind s ; - r'o tczc s i lu r)u i t ia r r )cntnr c inc. in c irzulbdrba-t i k r rc r r r r r r r t c r c s c < lu s , : i l r a c r id i c i i l 5 2 9 i .

l ) ' c r i s t r r r l ic r ' rc l r r l i i lc l i . t rc r r r t r l; i i ic r s i r . r l i r r t rc ratc;; is r l r r r ,r lcsr ' .pcr irrr rr :cc irg i ' rn irrat ic r r r i r r l la t r r l r r in t rc l ru r i lcprr l i t icc.

i r r Plrrs, ' rrrrgcrr i tatc. l ' l i t ic i i r r r r r r i l ic ic lx ) ; r tc x t i ' t lc aslr [)ran r i r r r r t r l t o r c n c ra t i i .\ c n r l r r i i 5 r r r r t i o n r r l r r i( ) s tn r u i r s t l l t r c b x t i :

, , ( - l , l rs idc ra t icl l .n r i l ia c l r r r r r .c r r r ,oxs t r i ir )a r in t i , r r rn ic i ) a f .s t

r l i r r totr lcrtuna trcr lorn in itnt Ctn<tc r t t t i lt l l t 1 ' r rc t lon t i t t r t t t tc l t r r l l l i -

<;urr i l?"\ la i r ru l t t lc t rci s fe r t t t r id intrc s r rb icc l i i t t i t r tc t rg i ilc vo r

in lunir scptcrn lrr ica t l l t rmat dcciz. irrr ra t r l lc c i r l l r r l r r r r r i l ie i .l r t r i

zrici xcnrlrlelc a tkri ale&iloridfhli lo pintl loraol,cirrc atrprclttat

r r . r r r t lc l r t li r rn i l i l l nc i l c le a nceprrtu lcarierc i or c iv icc: ,Pro lx r l l i l

crl-i v<rivotrr l)c rlcrnocnt;i, pcntru ct, a/t[e/,buniru/ o .vl ttrrl tqoaie

r / r iu " i , , l ) : t r : l n i l lx ) r rrscr ic lc iste, sr l otcz.l )c t l tn t cp r l l l i t ' r r r t i .

[)cntru ci itt/rtttri/itrnrca oli sunt rt'pullirani, r4ril t] ttil rtn le tlrs."

Acc ; t i t inc r i a lcg r i to r i , n t t l b r t r rba t ; i c l i la l t fc t t rc ic ,o fc - r i lt ig tc

cxcclcntc i l r rstr : ir i le acestui ip de i t t f l t tcn t t i an r i l iaL\ . ic i rrrr

avcurtu11ntcrcs nrarcpcntnr alegcri ;i nici nrr-i )reocttl)it rca trttlt

carnpania lcctr lra ld. rnbi i au acceptat,)entrupr i t t t t t l o r vot, nt-

c l i t iapo l i t ic r i f i rn r i l ic ip i mbiivor r t rmi l tc ,p ro l lab i l , r r ir t i i r ccstc i

t ra t l i t i i . n p r imu l cal. , ven' l h iar$i o aluzie a sancgitrn ianr i l ia lc

carc sii ntiircascildccizia, A$asc nll$teun alcgrltor idcl.

Oc prrtcrn sl)urlc insrl rlcs;lrc c'.tz.ttrilexccl)ti()nalc, tt carc

s r r r v in c c z .a c o r r lu l i nin u l t r n c i t r r r r i l i i ?l n r r r r rn i l rl c u l r i c c t i r r t

ft-rsclc acorcl tt ccea ce a ex1'rrinratiniirttl nostrtl alcgirt<lr:oltlirt-

nr i tateap lo l i t ic i i s tc doar pretu l l in i ; t i i casnicc.At t cx is t i t t lovczi

cr lrc lu putut ccrt i f ica ensiuni lc d in f r r r r r i l i i leare t t t tu r t j t tns r r

Un cot)scf ls .

( ) t ln r i r i l a rc la t i t t n luna iunic c r l t r tcn l i r lna i l votczc l)cn{rt l

l )a r t idu l l )cn tocr i rt ,l )c r ) t r t t i l , , i r r r i l l r tcc tn t l i r la t i i lcn tocral i n ir i

rrttlt dcciit cci reptrblicani". ia citise ,ult articol clirt lolliefs dcsprc

c ' i r r r r l i r l i r l i icp t t l l l ic r rn i "; in tr sc pr ln tsc r i l,prcu

rrtcrcsanli" . l rc t l< : : t

c i i , , I{ooscvclt a f r ic t t t rea l l : l r t tn i l ' c r prcpctl i t t tc" qi i r l l rob l r 'c l

c lc-a l rc i lea nrandat. ' I 'o tuf , pz l r ing i ic tc i crau l)entnl cand i r l r t t t t l

rcprrblican, i acest ucru a fost sttrsa ntti nrarecortflit:t. \lama fctci

i-r t pus nterv icvltortr lu i: ,O faccdoarca si i rccor t t r r tz ic i i . ' l i r tdca-

una iun sirnpit ci'i opiniile ei etau doar o rtoftri inrpolrit:n lrarlititi ,ti a

ronrr'1ilii/or ttriruirritt lc ltritittlilot'.i." in cclc tlin unnil, fatit a t'ctlrtt

;i f a votat pe \\til lkic, explicind: ,,' l 'olrr si rirfttrii zrais-au girrtlit

c i i n - r r r i o ic lec r t r r r t i r rR<xrsevclt r l arr<l i t lczci pcrrtnr l t rc i lc l

nr irr tc lat,l )c l r t ruci ar nccpc s{ sc transftrrrncr r t r - t t r r l ic ta11rg."

I 92 / tllu ani.rntul otului

I : ,s tc czorra l l i l ri r rc l f c l ) tJ r l rcrro irscrncncl [ ) rcs i r . r ] lci l t rc

otr logclt iz .arcr i - i on t l t tc r l1 lcoitrncni i rr o r ig i r r i i rn r i l i i r lcrco l l l ( l -

OuogenitatcaolitiatagtPurihr .roriale / 9.1

7lo/odintre cci cu fanrilii denrocrate -au votat n cele din rtrmd pe

lkroscvclt. ()ricrrrcar fi fbst nrotivul - convingcreoncstrlsarr oiali-



gcrtc a o rn ir i rrarc rrccrt i tudinc r iv ind r r f i l ic r i lc or l lo l i t icc . ; i-

grrra 0 corrrPrrrr ir ro l r i l i ta tcaoz . i l i i lo rPo l i t icc pccif iccsulr icctr i lorprr-rvcnirr t ll in f t r ru i l i ic r r i f ' c r i tc radcdc onlogclr irrr tc r r tcng i i lo rdc vot.

l v l i r il l r r g i l r c . \ 1 6 l i n t r ca lc g r i t o r i ir r r r r r r i l i i q | ( ) g c n cr r r r r l raugust i - i lu sclr inrbat r l tc r i< . r rntcnl irrdc vot. Dar , dacaau cxistar

unclc rudc inr lcc isc aI doi lca grup din l i igura 40) , aproalte 0%din sr r l l icc l i -a r r iz .g i r rd i t n t rc lrrn i lc urrgrrst i octor)rr)r ic .ar in

r r r ic t r lgrrrP r l i r r r r i l i i lo r i r rcsc i l f lau r)tr-urr lcz,urrrr<lo t i l 297r,d i r r t rcsulr icc l i ru rccrrr c l l l r r l i r r ) r in t r -o clr irnbirrc lc Poz.i1 ic,

Ci r td o i t t t tc l t i i tovc t t i t rd in l i r r r r i l i i)corr logencn intcnt i i lc tl r

clcctoralc s-lu rilzglndit, ci au fiictrt-' in favoarcaparticrrrlui great

dc rcstu l anr i l ic i . c l purin t l lvo dinrrcmernbri i ami l i i lo r cpubli-

cat lcc l lrccratr n i l ia lnc l to t i i r i l i t t t i rs tpr<l-rc ltrrb l ic irn i?nc to r l l r r ic ;

liigrrra 40: Cu aitfani/ia este nai pulirr onogaarih

piaittta

to/uiktr sa/t, at alrit nai nuh nenbii ci tirtrl sri-si

silinhc iutenliile

(1 o)

IUDINEAPOLITICA FAMILIEI

Acordparlial u srrbioclul Dozacord9i pa(ial ndecisA cu subiectul

A t l

Acordunanirncu subiectu l

t-ttlI IIsov.I

tlttt---lLly._l(1 6)

Proporlia elorcaregi-au chimbatintenlit le e vot n cursul ampaniei

tertc:r r r r r i l ia l l, famil ia c-aoricntatvotur i leg i , n consecin[ i l , de -

vcrr i t < l tnx r ionr<lgcnd nl i t ic pc nri lsur i l c camPania naintat.

I)in norr,dncrl ofi rnembrii familieiau ost nchotriri;i in privinfa

v<rtrrrilrrrrrr rr rrnaaugr.rstt37o lintrc subiccpii rovenili clitt tccstc

l i r r r r i l i r r r r r tn t : r Irrdccip i lour lun i n ra i i i rz . i r t . ar, t l l tc i l incv r t l i r t

l i rnr i l ic uasco hot{r ire in luna august, ro lx)( ia su t l icc l i lo r e lnta; i

irrtf cil; i clouii uni n-rai iirziu a fost de numai 487o.Cu alte cuvinte,

l)ers()lrn1larc riiicltc intr-o farrrilieai cilrci rlrembri s-auhotilriit ct l

c inc s t Iv()tcz(: c v i r ro t i l r ig i a ,ccl mai p ro l l i rb i l ,rra intea i lc i a lc-

gcrr lor, prc r lcoscl l i rc c o pcrsoanil i r r t r -o i rn r i l icunrlc tr in tctt i

nu rrc o intcntic clcctoralal rccisil.

Iramilia ot'criiun climat foarte clar dc infltren;d politica.lbtri

nrcmbrii ei srrnt nclina;i s,ivoteze n acelagi el, iar n acelecazuri

rrnclc x ist i \ lczacord ensiunea i conducepc menrbri i famil ie i a

ar r r t rn i tcr r l r r l r t i i r ir r tc rnc .Dc <lb icc i ,crnci lcs lrntcc: lc arcsc . tc l r tp -

tcaz i - r ; ; ic la c le avenrgi celc nrainrultc refer ingc csprediscLrl i i lcr lc fanri l icc irsurseale schinrbAri i .

Nu exist i i n ic i trn motiv de a nu studia n acclasi e l or ice a lt

g r t r ps o c i l l .N iv c l r r ls p o r i ta l t c n s i r t n i i o l i t i c cd in t i r n l r r r l i l n r l ) i l -

rrir:inc rlil oc'rrziirlc ir dcsc<-rpcritrnr sc producc accrlstil lnrogcni-

z.itrclxrlit cilu grttpurilorsocialc.Nc vrlrn rttoarcc ctlnlcrltrcasl)cctc

r r r ; r i lc lc t r r l i r t r lc rccs t r t il ) roccs.

llolul trsocirrlii lor lirnnnlc

I, , ;ant ionrr l ostnra i ls tpreamic lentrua pcrnri teun studiual unor

organiz.at i i pccif icc.Dar putenr strb i l i o d ist incgie ntre oamenii

carcal)rlr[in tnororganilla;ii ornralcai ccilalli. ]xistrl douil rcz.ttltate

cll catactcrgc:neral rivind apartenen[a a aceste rgirli zapii grmale,

rczultateaplicirbile istrictuluiDric, prccunr ;i altor corrrunitriti nrc-

ricanc carc au fost stucliate nterior. n prinrul rAncl, escoperim cd

I()J

/ rl lrcnri.<trrt/ 'uo/tt/tti()nngeniktkn poliliit d q'ttfiltih' 'r(ttttle I lI)i



n lc r l l l ) r i i ( ) r i c r i r c io rg rn i z r l t i iu n t c c rn ta t il c p c r r i v c l r t r i o c io -c c ( ) -

t ) o rn i c c l l ) r ( ) x in r : r t i vi r r r i l r r r c .r r r l l o i l c r ri n r l ,c n rx i ) u t i l l r r o l x t l l i l

c r r ) i r i l l c n i i u n iVc l r r r i l l .Sn r : r i o i r s c l r l l ) l l r f i i l i i r c u n c i o rg r t r r i -

z . : t l i i , o r r rp r r rat ivc i c l r n ivc l r r r iS l , lS i t l ica tc . La nivclrrr i lcA ; i l l ,

t l c s c o l r c r i r r r, i 7 Z ( )hl i r r t r c r rb i c c l i i r rA t r i rp l r t i n u l c i i l s ; l l r ) r ; l i

r l r l t l t ( ) r r 1 ' , l t n i z r t1 i i .' r o l l o r l i r t r r I l i c c l i k r r' l l r c r rn t r r c rn I l r it i u n ( ) r

( ) rg r l r l i z : t l i ii r r n t l t l t :l c s c r r : s t co n : i l i l n t .< l l t t l l t t s c l l r l c r c : tr i t ' c l t r l t t i

.S l ' , .S,i r r r ic in r l , I r tn ivc lrr l ) . ntrrrra i .5% intrc subicct i i chestio-

na t i ( lc noi nra i a l)xrt invrcrrrrc i sociagi i .)( ,' l ' inind

scilnra lc rccstc rc;/.ult1rte,a cc clifcrcngerrtrc nrcmbrii

pi r ron- r t rc rn l r r i ir r ro r rs t lc l lc orgarr iz .a l i ic l ) l r tc l t ' r l tc l ) t? l l i nc

co t r t l t tc l c / - i r ) ( ) i rs t r i i i r r t ic ipr i r r r :1 ,lc l icc irrc r ivc lS l : ,S,prcdi.s-

poz.i l i r r ocirrL it nrcrrr lrr i l orr r rc i lrgrrn iz.at i iir i rnai prrtcnr ic ct i-

v r r t i ldccit in crrz.u l arncrr i lor l la r t i r r in r lrccklrasi ivele SI IS, l r r r

c irrc1lu l rn tsul)usi. l l rcs i t tn i lo r

ro lccrr larc" leasr rc i l r t i ik r r . ' l ' rc l l r t ie

s r ip rc t : iz . : l r r rrl lccst i tp t vtr i pos i l l r lnu r r r r r ir t i t r r i r r r l lc i t sc l r r t :c

o c o t t rp r tn t l i cc l i c c u rc r i v c lS l , l .S .

l)c5i proport ia cprtb l icaniLrr stc lr gcncnrl nai r l tarcpc nivc-

I t t r i lc socio-ccorro lrr iccr ra i i r l i t :a tc ,l) i$carcrrcprrb l icand s tc , le

rtscn)cnclt ,t ra ip t r tc r r r ic i i i pr intrccci carc -au t l i i t r l ra t nor< l i [c r i tc

r r s o c i i t l i il ; i 1 ' . r r r ll ) . l ) c c c ?Nr r c s tco i t r cp l r r t r z i l r i li t , l i t t r t t i l r r i -

r i lc l ' rccvcntc c t t . t l tc l)crs()ur)c,h irrr i in orgrtn izrt t i i r r r ix t r tc

l)rc()cu[)utclc l lo l i t icJ , l rcz . r t l tc r r r i t i r rLcrnic i i cr ivrrrcrl l rc< l is -

p o z i t i k r r?

[ ) i t r , r tcap i i t t t l lc os t l sc l r i i socio-cconorr] ic ,r ,cza l ( ) i ls t r int ll ) i t rc s l i t t r r r i ic v r t l r r l : i l r i .;r o Pr i rn I Pr iv i rc . I ) t t l l i i acc r rs t r ic ; / . i i ,

o ; t rnc l r i i i tu r r t ipc n ivc l r r r i lc S l iS nlcr ior lrc arc dc ' r , in ncnrbri u

l t n o r r t s o c i r t t i ir r r c l r t r i , r i r r r r t i l r r i r c i t r t a l t i o l r r r r c l r iu u l t s t r l t u t

siurilar,sli lc rrctivitti l itrc o irrtcnlic lc vot clcnrocratli.nsii rcclrstii

tc r r t l in t r inrr cstc t ix r r tcv iz. ib iL i r r I i ig r r r r r 1 . I is tc a t lcv r i ra t l i 1l c

r t ivs l r r l ) i rcc i l c l l rc ) u l l t rrct iv i n orqrrr iz . lr i i l ln t n l i l i l )u ( i l r ) ls i -

l l i l i s i i < lc 'u' in r ic l l t t l r l i r ' : t r r ii sc r r r l rc r r l l t r ir l r i c lc l i ra l l l r r i t rc<lcnro-

c r r t t i . ) i t r t l i f c r c n t r r s t c rn in in r r i . . $ i c r r i v c l r r l l - , c f c c t r r l f i l i c r i i

l r ro rg i rn i z r r t i ic s i t t t c u z r io t r r l i r c c t i l rc p u l l l i c : r n i i .

l>c cle nti niteluti SE,l nai ridiratc, ilPatft'totfd

/rt o oryartiz,oliesodtlti ittlir,tlr lntr/ittkt r/c rt-i t'ttltt

pr n'pub/irani. Ite celnui.irt's ttivel '\li'\, dpotrt:'t(ttto

lu ur grttp tt,t aduceniri o rlifutltti

C+

AparlinaJtiin

c-A + B

Nt t

ap i i l l l n

67?',"

(126) (12e) (86)

r--1 Democrali Republicani ) Numlr otaldo cazutl

$ i . r o t t r s i , t c z a r x ) i l s t t ' . l n l l e s t c c o t ) ( r ' J f i s r i < l c " t c c s t c t c l l l l t ' t l c '( l 'Jci cfcrircx lir x (lolll ctractcristicl a rccstor orgxnizalii cxplicii

ncrcguLlr i( i ig i lcl i r r i ig r r r r r 1 pi c l r r r i t ic t it t t rc i tg i t i t r t i r t ic . ) i t t t tc t t t t

s i tu i lg ia r r ive lu lc - sarrD r i carc r l )x r l i l l t t lc i t rg i ln tz l l t l l{ ) l ls t l l l l lc

doaro nricrintinclritatc i sunt influen1a1i,tl ntotl fircsc, lc prcstigilll

r )ra i larc i r l g r t r l l t t lu i lonr inant '

V l r l i r l i r l tc ragtcpti lr i loroastrc t r l l r iv i rc i t cn r l i r l tc lc t t t r t l t r t l t :

alc ircesror rganizatrii activare:lPretlispoz.itii loratct'ttcalc nlcttr-

l;ril()r l0r - Poilte i Ollservrttil lar dltctisttttlicnt \lI) til) dc orgrtrri-

z.rrticir' itar nuntiti a oanrcnidc lrivc'.[.)- lttt ). A;rrclltll l l l l l rtllrtlrrtt

i i i l r c c l c t I c n t i t iS t lS ,e x i s t l i p | | [ i n e a s e l r l e n e l l g r t t l l t t r i i r rSa t r< | t t s k r ' ,

r l r r s indic ir tc lc hiar i l t is t i lcr i tc r iu l )os t r t l .n s i r r t l i t ' r r t r r lt t i , l t t t t r t-

tor. l c lc n i r rs lcsottotr l ic )- sat l ) sc ls()c i i lz2 lt l ; i cs lc s t i r l l t l l i l t lc

o i l ' re . i c t t acelcai iprc<Jis ' rrz, ig i i 'rl c<lnsecitrg l l 'lcs t : r l ' c r i t t r ' i ' l 't

n i v c l t r r i l c - g i ) , n u n ra i ] l% r l i n t r c c i c l l r c : t a t t l l c l ) l l ) r i t i l r l r r i

l t )l / i l lnt tnrturt t / <vtttt/tti

s in t l i t : r r t ,i r t r i i c 5 . ] ' , ' i l i r r t r c c i c i l r c )u c r iu t , - a r r o ra tl ) c r c l ) u -

l r l i c i r n i .

Outogrnikiltrt ptlilir'rl tt llttltuiktr xxirth / 197

Accst ttc'ru stevalabilpentru orice ip dc opinie politic'J.ncotr-

sr:cvcngclcsc atenueaz.il, ar in a;;a cl irrcit oarnenii i;i nrcngin



[ ) i n l l r r r c r l c ' c t l c r c p r l i t i c , d c c i , r r s ' c ia g r i l ci l r r n r r l c u un

c i l r r rc tc rdc c l l rs i i . i lc l i rc i l i tc l rz .dra r rs l i l rn r . l rc l la rac tc r i : i t ic i lo r

soci ir lc r r r f in i t r i l iPo l i t icc . )ar rczulr lr tc lc ( )a : i t rclcnronstrcaz.r is il r rp t r r l i i vrr lor i lc lc l l rcs t ig i r rl i r r ntcr iorrr l ccst()r l rg l r r r iz l t i i lo t,i t t c l t z t t l t t c r r t l r r i l o lr r i r r o r i t l r r i ,i l i t r r c ; i o r r c z t :r r s c r r r s r t ll c z v o l t r l r i i

t t r r o r i r r r l l l r t i io l i t i c c l ) u s cl l r c t l i s l l o z . i t i i k r rr r .

A l in i r : re r ro ; r i r r i i lo r '

() obscrv ir t ic i r raL i cnronstrc irz. l li l , n t in tPr r lc i r rnPan ic i ,nr l)r .r-

r i lc soci l lc lc insu l l i inrcnrl;r i lor or c lcologia1 ;o l i t ic r i cccprarr i c

grrr1,. n nri lrc ,o i lnrcni i carc irr tcnt ioncaz.i i i votcze un anrrnr ir

l ) l r t ic lsulr t lc i rco r t l i crr l l r inc ip r r lc lcr r i dc i . I {cpub l ici r r r i i , t rPr i

c t l l l l I n r ' : i z r r t , t r s t r r r t l c t t ' o r r l' r r : c l l c - l r l r c i l c l t r r l r n r l r r t .r r r

l ) i i rc rc i r r r r tc l r r r : l r lcsprc \ t i l lk ic , r ; rc r lc i i cxPcr icn ti r n ir f)ccr ics tc n l i l i i rn [ ) ( , r t r rn t r ilcc l i t cca guvcrnanrcrrta l i i tc . l)crnocrat i i

crct l cxrrct nvcrs lcsPrc oatc rccstc rcnrr i . )ar, n nr i j locrr l anr-

P i r r r i c i ,n I r r r r r u Au s t , x i s t r r r rr r c d : r r n c l r i r run n ro t l c l t i t r r r l i n r r l

i r tc< l r rs t r r r r t .' l r i r r r ,lc Pi lc l . i , . l . llc rc l l r r l r l ic r rn irrrr : rcr lcarr r lcxPc-

ncnli l grrvcrrrrrrrrcrrtrr l ls { , : r ra i r r r l l< l r t : rn t r ll )c l ) tn l rrn Prc ;c r l i r r tcpi .30 lc r lc r r roc rat i: r r rc rcr lcurr ri cx l lcr icrrgun uftrccr i r [ j nra i

ncccsirr i i . l )c r r ( r i l l r r tc n l l r i arrL lnunli tc lcsprc accst i lcn l , vc / . i( - h P i to l r r llV . ) i r , c u rs r r l ; r r n p a n ic i- i r n : r r r i l c s t : . r tt c n t l i r r ; l l : l r r c

o nrainrarcc<lnsccvcnti i .n lunaoctonrbric, r i r in r r r l tc lc r rn r i ta tc

(33) dintrc cci rnen;i 'nat. i u ajuns a o arnrr-rn i cntrc in ten t i i le <l rdc v t - r t i ,1 l i ' ia asul)ra cestc iproblcme l)art icularc. ar ctrnrs -a

l)ctrccutaccst l r l ; t? -a r r r l i l t r r r i l t lamenii ,ntr-un f ina l ,Par t i r l r r lU ii r t c r t rc l i rcgi iscarrt lc i lc? rur ru Prc l t ra t l l i l r iagcncrrr lr lrg r r rp r r l t r i

Po l i t ic i i r r r i r ri i r l ) r l r t inc inl i{ i isprrnsul src i ra r tc la r . ( )dc srr lr icc l ip i - r r r r cn t in r r t o ia l i tutcairgrtlc l la r t id r r l cs l)cct iv , la r ; i -a r r chinr-

b r t to p i r r i i l c .T

in tcn t i i lc r lc vot, uccpi indsal incleascdespreanurnite problcrt te

in lcclirpi cl crrnrajoritatea elorclinacceagiab:irJ.Aceste ezultatc

sc grclcrrzil irartc line pe cele af-rrnratc 'rai us. Dacd intengiadc

vot rr r rc i l )c rs ( ) l l l )cntc ntr-o t trarc r 'Js lrr i ltn s irnbol rl g r r r l l r r l r r i

s o t : i r t l: r i r r r i r ri l r p l t r lt t c , t t u t r c i r t t r r r c l r t t i i I t c t t t i r cc l Io l t t n c r t i i

i i ; i rrplrrrrcrrzrlncr,rnsecvcngclec gAnclirc n a;a fcl irrciit sil sc

corr{<rrrrrczerupului n care rii esc zi dc zi. intr-un I'el,conginutul

ilccstui cirl-lit,oloate fi rezumat prin afirnraIiac{ oarncnii votcazi

nrt rrttrrrai rzr rurPul or social,dar1ipmnu cl .

l)ecizia de vot ca experienfd sociald

( l t tnr nc l)utcrn cxl l l icLr aptul cd gru l lu r i lcsocia le unt onr()gct lc

po l i t ic ; ; i r ; : l rccas t i l rrr t ,rgcnitatcstc lcccn t t r r r t { ; i r r ra i t r t t l tdc

cirnr jrania lcctoral i? n prirnul i ind, <l eal i tatc aptul c i l ortrnctr i i

(:are riiicsc nrprcunil, n condipii asernllnitoare, tt tcndirrpadc a

clcz.r 'o ltacvoi pi ntcrcse inr i lare. i t ind s i ivadi lrrrnct n acela{; i

r r ro t l ; i r r r l r i orr l 'crc r t tr lr x l lcr i c l l lc ' ( ) r ) )u t rcr ) tc r l ) rc ( i i r itsc r r r i l r r i l -

t r l t rc .Vor ul lroba rn c itndidat i l rc l l i icut car icr i lpornir tr ldc pc <l

poz . i t ic i r r r i l r r rdu a lo r ; vor aprobaprogrrrrrrc lcbrrrru lr t tc r r tc : r -

lrrcrr i p rc l r r r r t i l iu ocupxl i i lc krr pi irdrrpt irg ia st lnclart lc lc r ro r i t lc

l r lcgntptrr i lor ; l r r l r l tc ap l r r ; in .

l-)rrraccastanu cste decdt o parte a inraginii de ansanrblu. )ot

cxist:t tnii nrcnrbri caresil nu lie perfcct congtienpide obiectivclepropriu lu i or grup. Sj imai pot cxistagi oameni care,ch ia r lac i \au

conit icnt izat acestcobicct ive, nrr sunt sut lc icnt de i ntcresa;ide

cvctt ir l tcn lc lc c< l t i t l icnc)cntru a lc l l t t r rc n lcgr l t t t r i l t t s rx rpur i lc

g r t t l lu l r r i . i i acccptz ldrdcntuziasmoricntarerr o l i t ic : Ia grupulrrr

k r r .str lr n l lrrent l pcrsonali i onstantr ll concct?l lcni loror rnaiact iv i

politic. Sji rrici este vorba desprc proccsul clc activarc, prin crrrc

ryba-

/ 9,1 / rllu ant:ttttt/ tottr/ui



l t i t t r t l i n i l cc r i t r c a rcu l l i i s u n t p rc t l i s p r rq ; il r n t t ( l u s ca r rn r in i \l c

in l l t tc r r t : r r l to r i r . ) r r r r r ra i )utcnr olrscvr. r r rccst r rz . ,i c f jc icnt ir

d ircct i i a corrt irc tc lorl )c rs ( ) r ) i t lc .)c accstc lr rc l t t r ics i i c r r r ra l iz . i l r r r

i tc t ln lc i l t n ) i l i dc t i l l i i r t .

( ; A l ' l ' l ' (l , t 1 ,v l

Natura

influcnIelnr

persotrtrle

()trt<lgenitrttcaoliticrl t grtlpttrikrr ot itlccstt'

promovat 'J lc rc l r r l i i lc )c rs ( ) l ) i l lc in t : r r t l r r r l

acelora$i ategori i lc oanteni. ) r t r pc t r t r t t t tt

s tudit t s istematicqi dcta l iat al i r r l l t tcn lc lo r

cxercitatedc astfe ldc rc la l i i ro l t t lpol i t ic rl

in l lucnpclorpcrst l t tu lc ar l l l lcccsltr t r t t l -

vcntar sistctnatical tlivcrselorc()flt ' . lctc)cr-

sonalesi at d iscLrt i i lorn l i t icc [ )c care c- l l t r

avut oanrenii intr-un nttmilr tle: zilc, lrtrttt:

drcpt epltntion. Acest lltcrrt itr fttrlrizlt tt n

in t lex al gradtr lrr i lc cxpttncrc pcrsottaLi,

s in r i la r ctt in<lcxtt l grndult l i dc cxpttt tcrc,

dcz.voltat n citll itrtlclc rttltcrirlarc.Astl'cl rl c

t l l te coml t le tc.n t l u l r t l isp r ln i l r i lct r s t t r t l i r r l

t lc f : rg i I l , ar r r t t l t t l r t t t i t t t r f lc ic t t tcr t t i l r r t l i t t i i

l )entru a rc lcva in l lx l r ta r r t i l c la l i ikrr )c rs ( ) -

nale n ccea ce pri\rc$tc nflttcnta lor lloliticii

directil. Rczrrltatelc i imllrcsiilc nortstrc to r

fi reztrnrate ilril t fttceallel la l)rcil llt l ltc (lil l(:

s tat is t icc.Sc t l tn i f ica t i l tt 'cstc i t t i i it cott t l rot

tamell tu lu i p t l l i t ic a frrst s t tb l i r t i r t t l ilc p r t : -

z .cn t t t l tu ( l i t l , l l r r t r r l i s t l t l t l lc t ' cs : l rc i ; t l tc

investigrrg i i .

Jt)() / ,l ltztni.rnu/ t'otu/rti

i r r conrPirnrt icrr nrass lcd ia , c lx l i i l " l )crsc)nalcu un l )o tcn t i i l lr t tu i rrrrrc lc i r r l l r tcn l :1 ,l in lou i l l r ( , t ivc :acoPc:r irc l or cstc rrur i

lvurttura i lluttt/clor penonalc / JI) |

[, ' lrrxrrl conrtrnicirrii in doi paqi



l r )urc$t, r r l l l r rs , r rcz . i r r t r irrurrr i tc vantajcl ts i l r< l l< lg icc .

(}rrr trrc lc lc pcrsorr ir lc i in l l t rc r r f rrzr i ;rc cci l rc l ro t r fu . f i f

( ) r i r l c c i r t c . r i l i s - : r c r r r t r r b i c c ; i k l rr .S t r i i l v . r b c a s c i i l c s Prc

cXl)u1-1c1c11rr rccenti i la c()nrrrrr ic :rrcalcctorald dc oricc fc l .

r l isc r r r i i lcl lo l i t icc arr ost n lcnrionarc nai lrccvcnt tJcc i i t adior-r lsattz. iurc lc.n or icc z i . cc i crrc au lx r r t ic i lx r t f c ac t i r , , ic p irs ir ,

la d iscu l i i lcc lcs l l rc r lcgcriau f<rst r t rog 'o ra i nuurcr.p i Jccit ccicarc i l [ r r rsc t r l ta t l r r l isc r t rs n l l ) ( ) r ta l l t au atr c i t i t ccvir t lcsPrc

carrrlranic ntr-un ziar. lar accst l)rocent era rcl)rczcntat clc acei

oar)rcnr ilrc nu luascrii ncii o dccizic tlcllnitivd. Conversatiilepoli-

t icc crau, t lcc i , mlr i rr n rJs r , r r i lr r - i n f lucrrgczcl)c acc$tioanlcni,

i r tc : r llcsc l r i i ; il in nccstl lunct r lc vct lcrc.

l )c p i l t l r t , c i c irrc - iru ro t i i r i i tn I 'az.c lcra i i rz i i a lc c irrn lxrrr i c i

i rUn)cnlronat nult rnai adcsca nflucnpclepcrsonaleatunci c i inr lau cxPl ica r r rn r i s -a ornrat n cclc din urmd intengia e vot, [) el lscnlcnci l , rn lcscol lcr i t d xrnrcni i ra ipu;in intcrcslg i -aubaz.atr r t r r i r r r r l rl ) c e ( )n v c rs r l l i ii r r r a il l r r ; i r r c r r r c d i i l c o r r r r r r l c ,a s u rs ct l c i r r l i r r r r r i r r c . ' l ' r c il c r t r r r i l i r r t r c r r l r i c c l i i o $ t r i r r r c ,a u r r r r r o -t t tc r r t< ia t , rcdcurr rl nu v( ) r o t i r , ar au bst n f i r r l l , , t lu ; icu frrr1a,,la urnc rru rrcnl ionir t rr f lucnpclcl lcrsonalc.Drrp i i a lcgcri , r rb icc -gi lor i s - l rc l r r t i l cornplctcz.c l is t i c lr , surscclc unclc au adunatcc lc r r ra i nultc r r l i r r r r r i r t i iarr rnprcsi i are -u r ra jL r t .a ti isc c lcc i r ldi r t p r iv i r r l i r ,o t r r lu i " . , 'c icrrrc c r i lzg indiscrJn vrcun f ' c l r r i r r rPu lcarrrPunic i-a t rnrcrr i iorrat1 lcPr ic rcn is r ruPc nrcnrbri i an r i l ic inra ilrccvcnt <lcclt cei carc arruscscril intcnlic constantil dc vot pep . t rc r r rs t r lntrcgi i carrrla r r i i .

I l r r o l sPcc i i t llr rc[caua elagi i lorPcrsonalcl lu , , l ide r i i lc op i r r ic " .

in Oa lr i to l r r l / anrobscrvat d e i s-arr ngajacn discuti i lc pol i t ice

rn r r i r ru l t lcc i t rcstu l subiect i lor.Dar c i au re latatcd rrrass ncdirr

ru t l i rs t r r ru ic l lc ic r r tcca surscdc infrrrnrrrrclcc i i t rc l r r l i i lc )c rs ( ) -

rrirlt:.Accst lrrcrrr ugcrcaz,Ai\, ccl nrai rdcsc'.r,tlcilc nrigrc',t 'r.t\/ i t t

rarlio i'r.i ' .rrc

,,i/r 'e idcrii dc opinie Si leh acci;tiaajrrng rrscgllrcn-te lc mai ptr t in act ivc pol i t ic a le populagic i.

L lneori,<lrrnreni i ei mai coeren[iau cvidcn;iat un art icolsau

arr sttb l in iat rr)portanfa nLrid iscurs acl iofonic.n n r . , . l re l )c t r t ,

c lcctonrtu l rr t :<lnstarrt-a e fc r i t a ccttr ra nui art ico ls t r r ri rascrr l-

t r r rca t r rc ' i r r r is iu r t i u l l l l resiunea nci inf lucntrcpcrsonalc. a t i l

caz.ul nrri profcsrlr ensionat ares-a rotdrit sii-ivotcz-c1>eeprrl>li-

cani: , 'J-arastc pregdti t{pentru o schirnbare. . Wil lk ie estc rn

orrr rcligios. Iit/nietenacitit,ri ni-atrconautal ,rinieraurttvrrilr/ruzi

r t r tt :o l t t l loc to r r r l rr i)o l ing in nr r rn r l r r r ll i r r octornltr ic r l rcv istc i

( , t l ' i.t rrrr t ru r/, ntitulat " Rcligi.r ui Wenclell Wi llkic". "Carrr atit clesprc ,ariade acopcrire a contactclor persclnalc".

Inf lucngcle lc la om la om ii afect eazi l e cei n ta i s l rscc l ) t ib i l i c

s t l r i r r r l r r t r ci t ' o l r s t i t r r i c l ) l r r ) t c l r i r r u r c r r c t l i i l c l c c o n r r r l r i t ' i r r c

i ; i cx t i r r< l n l l t rcn ;a . ) l r , in l l l r rs , c lrrg i i lc crsonir lcarr arrrrnr i tc

irv irnt ir jc s i lro logicc; c irccca, lc sulrr <r i r r tcf lc icrtrc rr cxcrc i-

t i r rc i lacclor . l l rcs i r rn i ro lccrr larc" e c<lnducn final Ia ornogcrr i-

tatca pol i t ic : la grtrpuri lc lr ocia lc. onr discuta n contirruarc inci

astf 'c c lccarrrctcr is t ic i .

Non-intcrr ionalitatea contactelor personale

Irrl)ttcrrgrr ontactclor pcrsonale asul)ritopinici sq :Xl)licJ,...para-

dirx i l , pr in caracten.r lor nraidegrabrinformal i pr in l ipsa le nrcn-

tiorrrrlitatc n problcurelc pcllitice. [)irc.Jcitiur sirrr ascrrltilnrun

tlist:ttrs,o lirr:enr le regulri cu un ilnumit scop gi, astt'el,avcln o

j()J / Alntni.rmul wttrtlrti l\ 'rrlunt nl/urnlr/'tt vtt'ttrtlr I Jtt



r l is lx rz . i l ic l ( :n t i . l l l i l l cc i f icJ , .c nc int lucntcxz_dcccl) tar.ca.Jn

ls t [ c l t l c c ( )1 r r l ) ( ) r t l r r n c n tn tc r ) f i o l r r r ll c c l ) a r t c l i n : r r i i r l i l i a rg i i

cx l lc r ic r r lc l ( ) rn ( ) i ls t t ' c o l i t icc ; Proccdirrd astfc l. u r ln i i r i rn s { ne

vcr i l ic r in r i s r i rc r r t i i r in r orrr rrgcr i lc . ccastr i ispozit icn lentald

cstc ( ) r rnnur i l i r rcnc r rPi i r i ilc i r r l l r tc r r ;c . , l i is t r r r rrr carcoanrenii ,

pi rn lt i r lcs<; t : i i l rc lu vcr lcr i l ) i l r [ i / , i r r rclrr tcrn icc, i ascr r l t r loarPccci t 'c i r r l iscrrrsrrr is :rrri tcsc rrt ir :o lc:ucirrc r r r r t c i rco r t l l in i r in tc

cstc o t lov lr<l l lt r accstsclts.

Pc t lc l l t r l [ )a r rc , r r ra ip ro l l i rb i l i roanrc.n i il )c carc i in tA ln im

d ir rcu t . tu l a ltc rn.t ivc dccit d iscrrt i i lc o l i t iccs i tnc l l r in r l r l epre-

g . l t i t i , ; r i is l ) r n l c n r r5 a ,l r r< ' r lr r r l c g i r r< l : i r t l r r c r ir r l r i c r : t r r l i r rl i s -

c u t i c .A r t i c r l c l c r l i n Prc s d i d i s c r r r s r r r i l ca t l i o l i r r r i c cl r o r ' ic v i r a t c

cu dcstu l: l r trrrr irr l r l ,la r ,Pc nr i ls r r r i ic canrParr i irn i r i r r tc i rz r li dczba-

tc r i lc sc r r tc r rs i f ic ri ,grcu sd na icv i t id iscLrr i i leo l i t ice . nt luenle le

Pcrsonir lc rrrr tn ra i l l i i t r t rnz , r i toa rci nrai d i f ic i l r lc sc lcctatdcclr

t t . t r tssrc r l i r r . )c sc r r r t , o l i t ica pi trcc oc, n sPccia l n caz.tr l c lor

in t l i f ' c rc r r t i ,r r r r l t x r iu ) ( ) rl)c :a lca t 'cst ' rcol ' r t i lc te crsonaleJccit

in or icc alt rnocl,l l r r r5i s i rn l l luI)cntnrc{ intcrv ine ncir) tc[) tat, a o

l in ic c r . r l i r tc r r rl . ir r r r i r rn r r l l icc tmrr rg in r r ll in tr-oc()nvcrs i l t ic arc-

carc.Dc Pi ld i i , r r r r v r r tPrintrcsrrb iecpi i < l ; t r i chclnerigr i ares- a

I t ' ( : i r i t r : l \ \ r i l l l i i c a r f i r r r r p rc ;c r l i r r rc l i r l r , l r rp i l c ln r r i n t i i sc

g in t l i s c c r ia r l b r rn . ' , an c - i r l ) u s : , , ( j i t i s c r r rl ) r J r i l l cr r c r r r r in r l l o -

t r iv i r l t r i \ \ ' i l l k ic Pr i r r z iarc; rn - l r r t rdz.garrc l i t ,lc f tp t , r l i t nuzite.

\ \ / i l lk ic ntr Placcatiror ( ) i l r r lcn i .\ lu lg ic l ic r r t idc la rcstatrrant l)un

c : t Wi l l l i ic . r r va f i brrn." ()bscn,at ici sc a l ' l r rn p.z. ig ia lca srrr-

l l r i r r t l c ' r i r r t r r r il c ( ' ( ) n v c rs i r t i ir r c r t : r : l l r r r c r r i t c i lo i r r f l r r c l t c z c

I ) c c x . l l x i s t r l n u l t . c i r r r r r t i il c a c c s r c l . I ) i s c r r t i a a , . f r r r c t p r i t "

cstc l i ra r tc l ic icn t l , [)cntruc l iorrnrcni i r r - l rrsPcctcazl lPc vrlrb itor

c lc n tc r r l i ipcrsrrasivc;n consccint i i , i rc r r r rn tda at i tudinea c[en-

s iv r t .N l i r i n r r l t ,o pcrsrarr i l lc r ipul cclc i de r r r i r i rrs rratc im; i c i l

s t r rPr i r r r lcrsr lL ' ll l t rnc t r r l lcvcclcrcal , , l r rn r i i ingcncral, , , d a f l i , l e

crcd , . to t ' c l t r l lc o r rn lc l t i " lcsprealcgcri.

A.s t fc l lcPar t ic ip i i r i : rs ivcac.nvcrsatic rrnt m.l.gc. in cazul

n lcdi i lor i r r r t r l t lc ,t to l l t i t rc rc l tt t t i i rn l l l l i toa rclc r r f r l r r r r l t i i ,aatunci,

t lc l t ik l i i , c iur l i t t tz i r t t t r t d isct t rsp<l l i t icl )c l l t r l l c i l t l r l l lc i t / l i t l t tp l i c t l t t -

s i t r rrc i r . t ( ) l ls t r l i rc fcrrr t { . At i t i1 c(tnvcrs i l t i i , . r t $i i r r t t t r t rs t tc t l i i t .

astf 'cl clc c()rnunicari int inlpli l toare sllnt cit sc Ptutc t lc ct jt : icrttc'

I l r rc la tarca glor ast fe l de i t t f l t tc l l le estc l l ) t l l t t t la i l iccvt : t r t l i i tt

caz. l l corr tactc l t l r personale. SUl l iccg i i tt r t tc t t l i t l t l i l t lccst l t rcr t t tt

r r r o r l c p c t a t : , , 1 - r u na u z . i t1 l c< l t t n t c t t i o t l r i n r l r r t z . i t l : i . . .i r t t t t l1 ' t :

r l lU r rc r r ispurr in t l I t r r rr tg ' . tZi t ti l . . . So l t t l l l tc t l il i t t tz i t v0t l l i t t t l t t -sc

t l cs l l rc asta rt scr\ / ic i t l . "

I lcx ibi it rrt u atttnci cind illtii lrlitn rczistcrr i

Sr i l t rcsrrpurrcru,r ts : I , i l r t t i l l r i tn o i l l l lc l l i ( : l t rc / ( ) r r t rc i t t l l t tc r r -

tczc pi cii irccstiu sc \,or ftlvi dc rcT.istcntll loilstrll. (jotttat:tclt'

l )crsonit lc i t r t r ta l t t t la reavantaj tr contparat ic tt cc lc la ltc r rc r l i i :

c()r)[ilcttll alri n firfri1lo';ttc otltrilcill i l1i irniIila rcT.istc:tltaoctllxli r r r r r i is r t rat t carcc : i tcn r t l l t nra i lcx ib i l dcc i i ta ltc ip r r r i lc co l l l i lc t

Agcltul clectoral ptcligcnt, fic cil cstc prol'esitlnist atlallll ltor.sc :

ltoate lirlgsi dc nunreroascscnlnalc pcntru a-giatirlgc scttlltrl. ', 1

poatc alcgc ocirzian caresd se adresczc cnlcntlll l i srltl. )oatc sii-$i

rl(li l l)tczc x)vcstca a ccca cc l)rcstll)llnc ctl-l ntcrcscll/.rl )c ccli-

l r r l r9i la capacitrr tcrtL r idc a ip[c lcgc. ) r tc i l1 l lrscn ' i l rl r l ic t isc t r t t ' .

l toa tc sclr in l l ; .1 11 l ; is1 : t t t l .- ) i rc t - rct lc c: l t :c l t l r r l tsc l )os tc r l7 . l lll

< lc fc ls iv : i ,sc lx ) l r tc ctragc, l i6 t l r r - i sat is l irc [ ia ic : to r ic i . i port{c

rcvcrr i tu t i l i rz . i t ta dci lc salc. )aci l t r t : t t rs t t lt r lc i l isc t r l i i lcst ' ' r -

ltcrii ltrclc c()tlvitrgcri a cttre ntcrltrctttortrl l r l 1inc. 5i poatc Icg"t

irrgttrrtclttelc lc itccstca.P11atel|1scr\'rll lotl]clltc:lc citttl cclillrtlt

cctlcuz,llpi, astfcl, l)ollte veni ctl argtlll lcntcle sitlc filrtc, lttittll ittt-

t lu - ; i gc l t r l .

N ic i ra t l ig t r l , ic i lx tg ipa ip r i r i ta rl l l lx ) t lrrcc rs t f i ' l l c l t t t ' r t t r i .

l i le t rc l lu ic sd a t ing l cu rnatcr i ir lc l cr l rpropag:tnt l is t i t :ct t ts r t t t t l r l t t l

l t r r l t l ic r r l r r i .rr loc sr i in tcsct ip rc t : is . cspc(:t ivn l lce i r rc r r t l iv i t l rr

1 r . r t " . ' , l t roplgandil , a; i in a t i i tc i l l tc < lon te t l i i ,t r r t t r l tl t t t t i o tt l

l )oatc f i o t ra \ , i la l t t r ia .Acest l t tc r t t p<trt fc ontl t t t 'c rr c lctr tc t lc

20,1 / ,lletutisntu/ r.vtlttlui

l runrcr:rrrg,. l t racii . ( l urgr.rc ' tc lc r lc .s t in . tcn r r i l ) .b l ic , , l rc ( l iu , . ,c tr rca<:1 i i,n rc t l i i " , .u l i r r ' i t rg i crcpr r l in n c i rz . r r rr r r r i . I r rc t r i i lc

Natum influe4ehtr fiasoaalc / , 05

[)ar i^ ftrrniliunrea in togicu willkie. Iii cred cri va fi ccl mai bu .

Prcgcrl in tc i r t r .Jl lrcscazi lntruna ;i pe nr inc . , , n f inal, -avotat; i



l i r r r r ra lc ' .1 ' r t c lc rra i r r r r l tc l r i rr) : ,c ' rcrca cfcct trc r>rrrrrcrarrg,i r r cazrl ar)or l)crs.a.c cirrcs-aus i r r r l i t . l ' c .s ' tc r ic ccle c i t i tc sa uauzitc ; i s - i r r r rrdrcprat ' t r i rcc l iac ' . trard r : r1 r i rc ce intenpir-.ascr: i ^rtc ' (rr , i r r t i r r r ; l c n ic i u r r r r l i r r t rccci 5 i t t lc srb iccgicarcl* r r rc r r l i , r r i r t ( ) l r t i rc tc lcl lcrs '^alc c:r l i r r r l r lcc is ivc . t t ' v . r l r r tr l c s l l r c r r r r s r l c l l c c r c c t . ; r c x i l r i r i t r r t c r ri r r r i r l i i k r rr1d , [ r1 l l r r r

l i l .s r t tr c r r ) ( ) r l :rcncncu sit ra r i.

I { dsplrr trr o r r l i r r r s r r r r r l r r i

Ihc i i c i 'cvu cctlcrrz. i ir r f i r la r ' c i i . l l r rc . tc Pcrs 'nalc atu.c i c i 'c lt rc I l r r icsJ sc t lcc i tk ic r rc irrcv ( , tc l r / . i i ,r isPl l r t r rste r ' c r l i i r t l igi l lc r_s ' rra l ir ,ccca cc *u sc r)oatesr)Lrr)cn cazurcccrdr i i n fata unori l rA l l t ) lc l l tc x l ) l ls ( : t t prcsitscr isr l atr a r i r t l i ' . [ )ac r i t , r ' r r tcr ia ll ) rc t r r r ( lc i l \ ,o ta l l )c r ) t r r tPar t id t r lad 'crs ar l l ncarrcr icarr a t rar

Ptrnc ' l lc r ic , l ' i i t . ru l , uvcrt isr 'c ' trr l l r r i P'ate sunir rn; lr 'bal>i l'sau 'c lcp: lr tat. ) r r rcruc: igi s[)a l lcaccrirg iucru rn vccl ' , accsta cp( ) i l tc , , l )c ( lc1 ls i "r . 'cd iatl )c . t^ l irscnsi l l i l i rarca alr pcntnr rcz. is_tcnla t i r :sc rx ) i r tc r i ta r r i t t inc , sc Pr . tc in t r is r l r , c r)()atc i r l ic i r Jl l lccc, lc i i r r<1 . - rcr l c s i r r r l i z . r ra t . l : r rc r i r r r r r r1 l<xrtcr ' i r r s i lsa, icrcz.cs a t r r I l c s c r i c i l l s r r r i r c ' i i t . a r c ,, - , t i r r r l l c ' l l r r r r l c l i i r r g . l, i r r cclx ) i l tc i lccs: l c s i r r r ; i; rc oc .

.S ig r r r d to i l tc r( jcstcrrirc l in cont:rctc lc crsonalco in f l t rc r r l i ll ) t l fc r l l lc l l tu t t ta il )c l l t r l to r t t t tcn i i i r rc 1 r , rr l r sr i i ln r i i r r i rc i r l i ' i r r1 i .l ix is t : t 5i anrcni c : [ r ' r r c l l l r rcc : r lc ' .c . r r l i r r r r r ip t i , lar ' c ' . t l i i i in ' rnra lc ci c 'nst i tu ic, prrr labir , 'nr irror i tatc

rcs t r i ' s i . Dc c i tc or ipr'pagancla xcrcitatiidc o artiil)crsoirnri stc I)crccr)r-rtta , cxr)rc-s lc 1l crd intc l ' r Prcvrr lcntcl lc unui g r t rP, a arc nrai .u ltc q irnscdcc i i t r r rc t l i i lc i l r r 'a lc s i i sc i ' rPrn r i crr s.cccs, g ra t ic rcc,nrpc.-sclors.c ia lc l )c carc c i r r r l l l icd .a t i r c dccl irra lc. ' rc ic carc l i rs tl )c t t r ' l { rxrscvclt i r rd 1lc a rrr i j r 'cLr l arrrParic i;, ,Ar r r 's t trcc i i ' d' r i i g t iu clcnr 'crat i l ; i crct l c : i { .oscvcrt a f< ls t rn prcpccri. tc >u' .

ca Pc willhic. r\ccstaspect l contacrclrlr crsonalca fost rrrl>ortlntmai a lcs n cazrr l brrrc i lor.

I lcc ' rnPersclc conf ' rmismrrlrr i sunt un lucrur arc se invagzi?rrcr l in coPi i r r ic . -c l n r l i upornrc ld lc a evita cl isconfortrr lcstc,acci r r r r i r r r r r l l i ' oPi i , i l f t rc t l ceAcc l i sc ccre.c incva carc nl l arco l l i r r i ipo l i t i r :c c ' r r r rc ; i , i ratrrrc, c

ho t : I r i l ; tci i rz iu tr c inc s;I 'o tczcPoltc l i scnsib i l la in l l t rengele ersorra le,nrrucir , copi l f i i r r t l ,ainv i l t r r t i i c considere rep tun ghic lu t i l n tc r i to r i i lcnccunoscute.' l ' ir lirr

rl curc lvcrl dc gind sd voteze crr Looscvclt loar l)cntnr ci i

, , r r l t f ' c l .r r r ' i t : r r l rrd r r l l ' l i c de v iu" cste un cxcnrl lrucrocvcnt.

incred.retr intr-o sursri familiar.i

Atrrnci cincl sclcctcazil rgunrentelepolitice relcvanteJlentru ntc-resclc [or, rrrrltri<xrrncni u ncredcrc rnaiclcgrab{ n contactclc kl r

1'rcrsonali ecit in ziaregi radio,caresunt nrult mai indeprirtatc ;iimPcrs.nalc. Alcgiitorul nehotdrdtpoatesinrti cd evaluirilc pe carclc c: i tcptc au c a.dc intr-o emisiunesunt p lauzib ire, {c i cxpergi it : i i r r t r l rcsc ,l l ro l la l r i l , onsccingeleo tu lu i nai c lardecit cctr l treanulrlc rinrl. I)ar cl sc:nlrcirbd, otugi,dacilproblcmcle dczlliltutc chiirrii vrrr rlL'<:t;rrri, rtsotm/,Prosperitatca iitoare.Porrte il accstosurscv i ic lProblcnrir inrr-un Puncc c vcdcrc to t l l d i fc r i t . n contJ it i i lc

i lccs tc r l , l sc lx ) r rc ncrcclc n judecatai ; i n cst irrr{r i lc l l roPi i r ; i lo rsrli Pc curc i rcsPecril.N'lajoritlrtca unt 0anrcnicu acclapi tatut ;ic t t r t c c l c r ; i n t c r c s c l ; i a l c u i .A t i t u d in i l c o rs t r r r t n i r c l c v a n tc

l)cntrur l r lcc i t jLrdecdgilc e valoareale unui cd i to r ia l is t rccrr-r)oscut. ntr-o crmunic irre ornrald, onginutulPoate i la celc nr i r iinaltc standarcle. ar abia ntr-un raport agi n fapd e realiz.caziiclnriri binc transfcrul. atil cazul unui tanilr nruncitrlr. are era foartc

Pr t t ins r r t r h ar lc loc ntcresat e canrl lanic icarenu i r ntcrrtr ionatsd votcze Pi'rI sPrc slirpitul lui octombrie: ,,Arlr discutat clcsprcrlcgeri ca hiittii, /n nagtxin,;;i cred ctr voi vota, tjar nu nr-irnr rotiirit

/t)(t / ,llu tt .rnn/ t.v,tu/rti

iDc i lr )c r ) t r rc i ' c . " I ia l l tu lc ir rvca rt t im;>u ln f i rg r l

Natunt itfluentelorTwsornle J07



Pi ' i i rc c.rcgir ,rs i l r ^. r r r l r ra ic ir - ; r rc r r rsa carr irrrrc v<lt , ar r-a i a l in iat avotalt lcnrocrataI tov l r r i i ; i i lo ri l i .

( ) t ' c r r c r c r t r c r r r r r r r i ' i r s t c , i ' r r t c l r t c r c s i r t i ir c : r r c g c r i . . . s tr )c rx ) r . l r i r i i i ' i i ras f i r ; i r r r r r r i c r . r r r r r r ic iaPr i -a votarpc wi i lk ie :,,("/tiar azi-r/itttittra/rr unt r/isnnu p,/itir-i at ,,t arttc. o,rtr/r rtfuri. l,-l'sr) . .c crr r l i rcc r i lc

( ) r )rcrAc r r : r ir i r rc raci i ' i^c \ \ / i l rk ic r l rp r r tc rc; ; r r ic l i r1>rrrDisd rc in i i r r r f i r ra rz r lo i t r r r r i .{ooscvcrt l ( r rn i i[ ) rcal r r r l t i i r ) . tc rc . N-ar trcb ' i s i i r r ra icandidczcpi pcn t^r . r r rc i lcanrirnt lat ' " sc parc c : i a r ' ic r r l ci i i prezcntasc, a ' id , catarrgrr l eargr l lrcr) tc rcprrrr l icarrc i i r f<rs t ur ic icrr t rc c , l rv i r rg l i t . rca srl_r. l l i i r r ' l v ( ) ta l , n v(, tc i trc<lsci lrrscr)c ()tr ) i l rc r r r r , , lc , , , , ,1 r , , , r ic i .rrcrc-r - lc rc r ri i r t t r t lcc i r t i rlccs t l r i i r f i ic r r t - . r lsc lr . tr irascd.

.l crcdcrcir lr lltrnctrrr c 'etrcrc al artcrf)crs();rlc ser)oatc riltoraprcs t ig i r r l r r iccstc ia, agi p ra t rz i r r i l i r i r i icecace areea rcsr ) l rs al lrc lcvarr lc i i r t i t lc i ' rcrcscrc pcrsra.c i i r r r l l r ica rc ., ,s tc vicrc.t c i i ,i t l t ( ,a tcl lrot:csclc lc n f i r rc r r l l l ,

nrcst ig irr lrx rc i l

rn ol cor rs i t lcn r l l i l .( i r i rd r r lr lc c , r r f i r r r ' i t r r tc .s tc r r : r t i t nr ir in r i r rc , c it cstc r r * r i narrin gn l l l t r l rcsPcctir 'prcst ig irr lcc l r r i arc rcas l i -g i \crc itc in l lrcnta.I ) lauz i l r i l i t i r tca. .scc in tc l . r prczcntatc c er va pi ireagi mai marctJac i i .c l iv i t l r r lcstc . ' c rs ,a r r i i r ' l l r l r ran t i r .r)esiqrrrc r gi canalc lcr r rcd i . s r r t csc. l ia lc t r i r i rcc l rs t : iPcrsPcctiv:r .)1 l< l r i rca.crctrcr i i; r r in l rcs r ig i r r l r r r r r r r i to r()ntr lc tc crsonalcr i rs t l l r r i rn caz.u lr r r r r' ' fcr dc c i r r r i rn .carcs-a Jzgirrrr ir n irv 'area ui wi i lk ic ' c l r t rL r cl i' rcacdinrc lc s t in r i r r r i r r unei f i rn rc i f i ic t rse 'oare.- l i i - r rnvingl ii t t acc i ts t i i l i rcc l ic . n ra i i rs t ; i caztr l r r rc i asrr icclc v i i rs t r inc<l ic .c t t l r t r g i r r i ir l u c r r t i c , i r r c , i ' n r r r i p i . : l i . s c l . r t c r r r r r r i c ,

' r r r t s r i _ l\ ' ( ) tc l .c1lc wi l lh ic , a r lcvcrr ir cs igtrrrr r r .c t . r r r r l r ic ; ; i ' t . i r r . r _r rv()t ;rrr)c {. ,scvelt . [ ' ,a -a Pr i r r is i t c wi i lk ic t r in carrza f i rn ra t i i r ' rrur()r a l ) rc ' i pc curc i c.nsit lcraarrt ' r i rdt i n n r i l t . ,ic : ,Anr l isc t r ta rcu un .s /a r / t r r ll i r r _ l:rsc,l lcvclan<1.iurstudcnIi i su r . t t l t l looscvclr ,I )c . t . r r : ; i : l r r r f i rp t r r i tcc r r r rs t . rc l i i r .nr t t i r i . r r l i t pi u u t t t t t r / i t t()hirqgorutt' c.frat/r u/t,,,.t,/d€/D/i/i/z), i cl .u prca crcrrdcir rl \,illkicc t tn t ip sufic icnt lc t i r rcca s i i g in i i n f r iu pol i t icacxtcrnd.,,

Itcrsu,.rsilrr rerr firrl convin$ere

in s l i r5 i t , r :o lr t irc tc lcl lcrsonalc ot aclucc rn r lcg.Jtora ur.nc:i r rasr'r-i l 'cctc:zc cl,c intelcgcrcaPrrlrlcrrrclor cgatc lc alcgcri - ocr.rrcc rrrcdiilc irrnralc areori ot face. Ziarul, cvisra au atlirnrl rcbrricsr i lc irr pr inru l r in t l c f ic icn tc n nrodit jcarca r i ru t l in i lo r .Au l i rs r

r r r r r ir r r r l tc; i rz r r r il r rrc lc vo tu r id lte r r r r c l t i rzacnrekrr l t .z . l l l i t r r tc

i ; i r r ic ic lr iar r in indse i ln r r l c pcrsonalirr t tr i lcrrntJ id irr i lor.)c l i rPt ,accstcv'trrri nrr au f..stdate candida;il 'r, ci, casilsl)uneln a;;a, rie-tcrrilrrr lcgritorilor:,Anfostdur n anu rleun nruncitorcarea nsistarstl ttrcrg $i ctt"i ,,I)oatttna a carv ua.eza antt sri tsotex.N|-a drrs lattrrrc si t t lolii i-au aoht pe npulilirani, a,fo .ri -an volal l;i eu.,,

l)c scurt, n l iucnta personlr lr , u tc , : l tc uarr lc lc i < lca l l ' c l i r rncpi dc l . ia l i ta te pcrs 'n lL l. poate aducc n rrrnc v ' t r r r i carc,u l t lc l .n-arnrai i datc nirndnrr i au ar i c lare arr i t l r r lu iadvers.n cazul l rt ;arealt pr ic tcn ar irrs istan aceast{d ircct ic . , l t l i f ' e r r le n rc t l ia

f i r r r r ra lc r i r r rrptu l { i i convingepc oanrcni incintercsari i lvotczci r r t r - r rn rn r r rn i r' c l , i l r r l l r c c lcaun lnotiv substlrn l ia l c : r r t1 r o t r r llor. NIai binc dc 25vo dintre cci care au rrrenti.rr;rt un contilc(

Pcrsorra ln lcgitura i u schinrbarea<l r e ati tudirrcnu arr c r rp i t l- rot'crc clr rrr<>tiv rco tcrlrd rcalil dczlliitutri in campanic, Pe cinclr r t t r r ra i571.l i r r t rccci carc arr nrcrr l ionat nc t l i i r <rrrnalc rr orrr isr rs t lc ldc nrot ivc. ( l ind inf lucnta l )c . r .son i r l i is tc r r rax i r r r i i ,r lcg r i -to r r r lvotcazi in s l lcc i i r ll )cntru l r ic ten , )u )cntruc i rn r l i t l r r t .

I r r rp l ica t i i prrrct icc

i r . , r r - , ,n nrrrn it e l, rczultatu la legcrikrr n l i .s t r ic t r r li r ic cstc cc urrrlribunii dovacl.ia srrccesulrri ontirctelor trrli rr ftrtil. )cr)tnr ur lt i . rP, Pr.pagardack:ctorald cpull l icrrn i lrr rcgiunc r t )s t nrr lr rrr i

Pt t tc r r t ic r llcc i t cc l r r tdvcrs ltr i lorlc r r ro r : r r r t i .l in r l i r t r i rs t ntrcbir t it l l rc i i ; t iu orrrrrcni i . l rcr r r dci l lunc in po l i r ic i l , rrb icct i i ropr r i- r r r rnrc l l tronatconsic lcra l l i l ra i rnult pc po l i t ic ic r r i i < lca l i c l l r rb l i r : i rp ir lcc i t Pe cci t lc r r ro t ' r r1 i .ip iva clanrcni arenu voilrrr r jvotczc. lrrr

)0,9 / llr, arti.tttttt/ wtlrrlui

s-au lus ?n ln ir l a urnc i-au nrcnl ionat lrcpt cci tn: l i n f l trcngiPcagcnli i c lcctorrr l i c l r t r l r l ican i , c l )u t . i l l ( lu -sc r l r l r i r lc un succcs



s i r r r iar i i t r crrz.rr lcrnocr:r l i lor.' l i r tuq ; i ,

corrtactc lcltcrsonalc l iscrrtaten accst a l l i to lnrr rcbrr ie

confundatc cu c l i r r t r r r i lc c l r l lc lo rc lcctorale rofcsionistc. ccstc

contactc pcrsonirlc rlt:ritrricsccclr cc s-irr rrtrnri cr/tipe c atttaloti,( : : t rc c l l i lsc i l )o t ) t1urr r t i r r rPr r l : iu t rp : r r r i i lo ri r r t l i r . ' iz , ir r rc lcv irr

r lcs t r r l lc c r r t r rz . i i rp t i: rugr r r l l r r r i o<; i i r lcurc rrccrrrcr ir l - i rc t ivcz .c

1lcorrprcrr in scnsrr l lo r i t lc c i . Aproal lcc l l s - i r rl )Utca l )u l tc dcc a

nr i r ic f ic icnt i ' r r l rn r i i c l l ropirgtndri ' in spccia l n cccircc pr ivc5tc

Pr t lP l rgur r t l i rlc t r l t in rn l()n lcnt cs tc s l l - i , l rsc t l icz . i "c oanrcni i r

c r i r ' r r lcc iz ic lc vot cstc r rcd5or . ' i l ic ln ic r i ,rg l rncit s i r rg r r r r r ll r t rn r

l ibcr sd ic ccl sprccal-r inac vot.Nrr ; t inr cunl sc d istr ibuic rugctul

part i( lc lor nrrc d ifcr i tc lc canalc dc ltro l lagancl i i , ar l t r inuint c: i

l )artca c : rnrain)arc c clrc ltu ic pc brogrrr i , rr l ; l ic i tatc a r l r l io c tc .

insii rc:z,rrltrrtclcroastrc uricrcaz.ll,[)cntntccrcctlirilcviitOarc, irrcina

t l c : r g i s i r i r l ) ( ) r t l l lc l r r r a ip o t r i v i tc l i n t r c l l r n i ic l r c l r r r i l i n r r r i r s s

rnccl ia i cc i c l rc l tL r i l iPcrrtru rgurr iz .arcrrnor c() l) tactci r l i l n f i r td ,

l )c l r t ru ,Prcsiuni lc lo lccularc" ocalc arcvita l izcazdmcdii lc for-

nralc, 1>rinnterPrctarcanrai pers'-rnali i prin intreaga ncdrciituril

l )c cxrc rc la l i i lc pcrsonalco l)un in l lronrovarea atrzckrr ct lror

s ( ) r t r t i lc to t r l r i i l tcn crrrsrr l aru lranic i.

in r r l t i rn r rr r r r l iz . i lrnra l la t < : i r ,r t . r i r r r l tc lcc it t ic . r icc lr l tcc ' tr ,

oatrrcni i r rn t noIiva1ilc r r l l io irrrrcni.)ac ' .r il l r iv i r -n l in tr-ol)crs l)cc-t iv i l c t ic r il l r . l r lc r r rc lc .c iu lc scr i ' lsc l)c ( : i l rc c r i t l ic r l ro l l i rg r rnt l l r ,

i lccs t r l s tc tn i ts l )cc t l l i t i l to r lc sPcran ld. ' l ' i r lx l f t t , a rcrcsUSl i r ) r i -

to r i i cc i n l i r i cn t r . r ;1 . ial t ii c irrc l)oatcnrobi l izanras,: lc ntr-un r ) rod

profcsionist rc $ 'Jnse rai naridc succes.

Cnpitolul I

l,' l 'orrte

cclcpatrrr rrrprrri rr ost nit ialcleaprt>

xinrativ600 cleoanreni.Dar n orice studiu >azat e

aplicarea norchestionareipe nten,ievxrerrepctatd

se pune problcnra ,nrortalit tr; i i". ccasta nseanrnl

ci vor exista ntotderrrrna omente cind vir i impo-

sitri lsi l-icontacttrnrc trnii cl intresrrbicc;i ino5tri r

intcrvirrri onsecutivc.n cazul de fatI, nrort l l i t ir lcustrrdiultri -adatorat itorva oamenicarenrr arr mai

vnlt sil ie intervicvagi in nou, unoracarearr ost em-

porarnedisponibil i in cauza nei boli saua vrerrrrei

c' , l lrt tori ii, n sf l irsit , l torl cirrcs-nr mutxt definiriv

din locrl it l te sarr lrirrr ru nrrrit . -urr i lctrt o: ltccfor-

t r t r i lc lc a rncnt inc ror t r l i t r tcal in t l ic i r r in inr i .r r

rnnjorit ' .rtea'.rz-trri lorarc au l)rez.clrt i l t i f icrrltLtt i,

sttPrrtvcghctorrrlc lcrcn r nccrcrrtPcrs0nal rl ccil i-

l igc crxrpcrarcr ubiectulrrin carrz.I.n nrrrltc uzrrri,

strbiccgii arc nu prrtcau i contacta;i :r rrnrrldintre

intervit trieratt preluali ulterior a rrrrnltorulval de

intrcbilri. n gruptrle$anti()n,nzurilede rl isprirrr; iacclc paptc nterv i t r r i u ost menl inrr te n l imi tadc

147o, eez t e s-a lovcrlita f i rcrnlrc' lbil dc pu1in,

rvind irr vctlerecxpcrienlrrnvcstigirtorikrrrltcriori.

AnlI iz.a ri lsi lt I IriIor rrracterist iccrrz.trrior rle rl ispil-

rtrl i dentonstrat.l numtrrulcelor iert lugil)c )i lrcurs,\Nl':x^ a fost atlt de mic, ncit inllrrcnF klr n misc.Jrilelc an-

Note sarnl>lu frrsr, ractic,dc neobservar. ()ludct, Flaz.cl;

JIQ / ,llaani.runl tvtulttiNor / ll l



\ \ ' i fs.n, 1,,.(1.,, . \ \ ' lrrrlsc:rpcsht: )crs.. l l lnvcstigrrt.r?,,,/ teJuunn/tfApp/iul

l'.r.ylr,t/ogs,,X tV, 6 tlce l(),1(). 7J'-777)

Z. , )ovlr t l : r; r l t t r r l t r i ;l t t tcn ' i r r r i lcc l )ct l l te u i lu x l 'cct i l t .czrr l ta tc lc t rr-r l i r r l r r i r r i f l tcrr t l lr r t r -o rrcrarc c l ) l t r i l t i l .

3 . .Spcr: rn1 irt () : ls t r i ls tc c l r rs t l c . ll c st rrd i i or li Posi l r i lc )cntnt o l l (cllcgcrilc vritrurre. orrt lxrraii i lc c o llcrioirt l lnrxinrarcar spori lrlt r, :rlrxrrcrr<t r ic : I r t t rc l t t l t i l lc r r t l i v i r l r r : r l c .)c accclr ,

rc t l c r l r l l cstccl rzrr l l l rc l l l r r11 ir1icicitcr' :r corrsirlcr:r1iicfcritoarc ir t iprrl rlc irnbrrnrirrl l ir i :rre,privirrcl ctrq-s[ )cct . l t ' ,r r i t lc : lo r i tr t ls t lc l c st t t t l i i i r r rc l .)c5 i ro i 11 crr l izrr tlp tc l tcr-v i r r r ic r rgrt rprr l ost rrr , c v i i tor vl fi srr f ic ient :l t rc t :m unr: r i ) l r t fu unulin : r in tc lc corrvcnt i i lcParr i< lc lor,rnrr l l r i r r r rrp i l lc , rnrr ln a j rrnrr llcgcr i lors i r l l t i tn r t l , l r i l r l r rp r i i r r r rlcgcr i lor . , lcononri i lc: icrr tcn lc l rr l rccstal r l to : rf l l i r los i tcl )cnt ru l i r l i< : rrrrrn : rru lc l ( ) r n(cn, icv: r t iuccl ) l t t in )11rc. r r l l icxi: i(it t i t t t tclc czrt l(a(c t l l t ist icc r:rr lctuli irtc,l)c cltrc ilt c-anl )i l tUt i)losiit t lrrcz.ct ltul t l ldit l l)clt lnt cJ t l iagr:rnrclc cccsilrc c-lrtr ct lrrs l rrn ttrnrl lr

Prca nic de cazttri. Jit privcptc ntcrvirrri lc u alcgiitori i no[i l i , ar f l rlc d6rrtca o tchnicilnlai sofisricxrd stucliului c cirz ltaf lc rnaimulredesl)rc riginca

5i pcrsonalitatr:accstora, rr5i rlcsprcsituati i lcsJrccif iccn crrc arrsrrrvcnit

sch irrr l r i l r i lc .j i r i tor t r l a t lcscopcr i i tcvu rn l r r r r r l rJ l i r ipcci l icc rrr l icr tc ni ln t l l t t l (c ) t lnctc lc cxt t t l t r i . l c i r t r ra i t r r lxrr iunt i lin t rcc lc 1r i 11n rrrr l i r rr r i r it lc ta l i i r t lcs l t rc o l t r l o t t t i tc tc lor[ )crsonir lc .)c lserncncr, c v i i t . l r i r r rcbu is rlacl t t t rJ t t tta i t t r t l t r l t c r i i r l cscr ip t iv lcsprc i rrnp irrr iarrcu lJn : rnsirnr l r lui 1sPccialdcsPre 1111x1111rt clrc or; i:rrriz.ut i i lcolit icc lr'*rlc chclrrricst. ani'

l)rccttnr i,ollscrvlt i igcttcrl lc rstt l)riron)l)ortrrrrrcrrtrrltri: lrt ici l)l lnl i l()r, inrr,,-n r r i l c o,c: r lc .n sl i r i ; i t , rr1 l r t i lc ; i rnu inrrr l tcrr f i r r rn : r1 i ik :sprc ci c : rrc rr i rs trrcr iv i n t inr l lu lc i rrrrPln ic i .l t r t l t c crrv in tc,n cccir c- i Pr ivcste c lcgt tonrnostri, clrnica:lcc'Jsr.rlirst ncrrnrrnxtr c slrccos inrcrrtJ r f ie..rPlicrrr: liPeo baz-J rl i lurAl; otrr$i, cgrc(l lnl t I , l in clrrza ipsci lc fonduri,nu anr )rrntt-o srrPlirrrcntr u rniri nrrrlrc rrf irrrrrrrl i icsprc rcgrrrrrcrrlrccil ic: l rr c:rrcs-rrt lcs l 5 t rr . t t iu ty): rnr i l .

C a p i t ( ) l u l I I I

l . l ' ,st imlri lcanclrctatorikrrc()l)c'rr\lc f irPt lorrr :rrru rcl)tc:A, l l , C si ).I t t : t t t r t t ll r t i r i r t t t l t l c t tnr i l ta tcl in erzrrr i : t r rn t r : r ttr c i l tc f l ( ) r ; : l, - i r r r rrr l tc lu-s i f ic : r t c accl t isu l) iccf i r rr5i s i rnJr lu c l r r rz r rrr t rcbr l r i iI r i v i r r r lposcsirrr r r r r itc lc l i rn , i t \ i l ) t { i tcnt : rst {c lo d ist r i l l r r rrcu ; r i r r r rvc r l r l l i ll ; rr r r rnc r i) ( ) r l s t rc( ) l r r rc r r i ir l c t iprr l , poscsor ilc tc lc l i rn , lu ( )s r umi l i ( j+, : rroumcni i l c il r(i f iri l clcf irn vor aPrlrca a O-.

Z. )cutrrro t iscrrl ic istcmatictraccstor vahrtrri,cz. i icncvicvc Krrrlp{cr.

'lhriluunn tttrttt0[ ,forio-l,.atnDnic\lalus,discrtaliesltslintlt:t ir I Jlrivcrsitrrte'.t

(b l rrr lb i ; r . ( )43.

3. Vczi l;rc<lcrick tostellcr,, ' l 'he lcliatri l i tv0f l lrtcrvicrvcrslrt ings", in

lfrrt l lcv ()rrrrtri l l cd.), Oaugrng ubln'Opinion' 'rinccton [Jtrrvcrsity 'rcss'

194,1,:t 5i cxpcritnentcle e:rl iz:t tce Archilnl<l ltosslcv'

4. Yeti mai l lcs strl ' r l imcntul esprc monit<lrizarcaludicll lci rcvis(clor

cclitrrt lc .y'r.

.5. . ,xisrlnrrrlteposilt i l ir l l i de a-i cl lsif ica1rc0'.trnctt i t tpl l l tct l ir strt t t t-

tgltri l9r s()cl()-c(:olt()tnrc.6rclali l medic trtrc astlbldc indici estc rr trr <l c

0,(r. )e <r[ricci, :rcc5tiaunr nrcr$anjabil in privirrl. ' . rclali i lor tt altevariirbilc

(jg rrltccrryiltc. rnirjqritrtcitcest()r nt l icinc-:rr fJtdaccel$i ' : l ir l ic t ltrc sCit-

trt trrls<xi<r-ccttt t t t tnic;i 'ot,

(r. l;()krsirn )cntnt it( 'exsrd nnliz.: Ii l iele oblit t t t tc rt ntcrvtrrl l i t l t lr: tr.

rlrt6ritrlnutnilrt t l t t i ndimarede cirzuri isl lt lnibile. celrr5iez,rrlUtc mell[ lne

peltt i l l c$xntion i pentrugrrrptrri le le ontrol, rrate eplratsau onrlrinatc, ,t

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pc rcPrrl l l icrrnintr<rPr0P()r1ieraimlrc t lccit p0Pul.rl ia linsrrnrlrrskv.

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66 %

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212 I 'llr,ani.rnt/ wttulrti

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9' [):rc' . Istca(lcvdr: lt ,i t t()l ici il irr.Srrt lrrr cntl ingu c a-i votanririnrl lt pcrelrrrblicnrrilt :ci itProrcsrangiirrdiyt i.AsttLl<lc j ir(c:rr csta rt.c:rstJllrrtezJ.)

- 10. )blincnr acel:t ; i cztt lt lr Jitcrlturtrtrrl corrornic c rncrrl inc onsti lnt,in liccarcgrttp ccottotrt icrl)rotcsti lnt i i n:ri n viirst i l rrnt nai rcPrrblicrrrri,:r rcrrttrl ici i r:rivi ' irstnici,nuidcrrr<rcrr1i.urrrcrluc:r1irrstc a5rrlc srrirrs cttrrrrlt lc v i i rs t i l ll St i l lc lc l rr i tc - t i r rc r i i r r r r r r r l i t ' t l r r r . i r l ilcc i l t l r l t r i r r i i , r : r ; i c

Prr lgrcsclorl in r l t i r l r i i t t i r t s is tct t r t t lco l i lo r r r l l l i ce, i rccst cr l l t l r t p<xrrcia fcct : r t c d i lcrcrr ;c lc c ct luca; ic . ' l i r t r r i i i ,i fe rcn lc lc nt l r rsc c ' i i rsr i l c pds-trca;/. iI ,hiar; i ih lccliri; i ivcl cduca;ionalin nrilsururr clre rrc )lrtcrl l):1,/; ll) ecif lrclc f lrrte ir dislxrz. i l irroastrit).

l l . Arn o r r r i s r lcnt i f icarc l rocia l rrl in ccast r orc l : r rc,lcnt rrr r l1s cstccccacc sc rl dc obicci lrcPtc:rractcrist icrlc l laz.rt,i cstc nrli dcrnrltrl 0t itu_dinc t lcrivati ldin accsrc rib^iltrrri.

12.Ycr. iA.cxa lJ r)cnrru descricrc rrri ctari lrr ar rcestrrindcx.

Cupitoh.rl V

l . [ )our t ig r r r r ic srrb icc; . ic-arr xp l ic i r t lo t ivc le ch inrIdr i i n tcn; ic i 6rclcctorrlc l 'c dc o [)rr e, rt (]st )clnl)ri i Srrrrt ionrrlrriostru. ntcrvalrrl rcdiudc tinrJr l intrc trrr ntcrviu qii chinrb:rica roprirr-zis: i fosrdc dlurl sirrr rc rsrlptJrniini.)c;rccc', accs;t i rrbiccgi 'rrrcrrrr rcsPrco cxPcricnl:I rcstrrr lcrccclrt : I .tc lc i l l t l I t i l t lc, ll l i)\ t grt l l)t tri lclc conrrol,lr irici irp;r1iustc,psilrg-krg ic orb irrd , ra iP r r l i n xt is [ : rc i l r ( )rrc.n pr i rnrr l rup lc coprr() lrp , - . , , . . r , , ,cxJrlicali iPrivit lt l rtot ivclc chirnlr: lri i .l thri lcrr nrp<lc orrrrolr <rsr6csti6rrarin lt t l l ir l t l t i t lst ' .rt t tceclc lotrJ ntcrvirrri c scrrrscscnlrci ltrni.Al trcilcrr rrr'dc ctrt lt tol irst t t tcrvicviltn trctornlrric,ccrl c rrscarnrri ll l urrclc chitrrl lrrrs - l r i Pt r t t t r e t rccerrcr l in r t r tnJ u grrscrrn i . ic i cstcnru ip ro l l l r i l c i r rnclcconsiderclt te in rrhirrtclehz.c rlc rrnrplnrci il sc f i substituitnrotivc6r rcllcd in rnrmcntrr l ch inr lur i i . enrru r inc ip : rrc leip r r r i c arBrr 'entc m' t ivc le

ccorrornicc,dzlroirrl,cl dc-al rcilca nanrhr) rr i, 5:rclar, . : just if lc:rtirne n-spirJrn in crtnsit lcrlrJii lc; lettcpc scarnrrrrrpurikrrlc control. rrnt,ntr-edcvrlr-<Jilcren;clt [x)rt l l l l tc n l ' rccvcrt; irtr cilrc t l)itr lccstcargurncntc.

l ' t rcr t rr i lc t r r r lr l t l c l t t tnc i c i rr t l r lu rrgcnrlr rrr lngclc [<rrrnrr l l r rcrr l tc-ri.rrrl l lccrlrci .nc. L)ircd rn srrbicct, c cxcnrPla, rlcgcslI ' rrrbcrrscrllcsPrcm()t rvc conori l icc; i i r l0scgrc, ,argurncrr tu lrn r r l r r i i l rac, , ,ru avcrnn ic i r r r tnro(iv sl susl)cc(rlnr J sclcctius|ccif lcrl oltcnrt: I lc cl ar f j inf lrrcnclrt t lcm()rlcr)t lt l rr crrrcs-a l)ctrc(ut sclrinrb:rrsalc intcnlic clr:ctoraLl.)c lirnt.

l)cntnrgnrl)rtri lc lc control.Nc-am sinrgittrst if icngi,n cttnsccingil,i l nclt tdcnr

irr rbclrrri lc noirstrc lort 'Jetttri c date.

i,r u,rr. , iun ilvrtt tn ntrmir aproxinrativ gal le c<tmentrri i e l l grrrptrl

clrrrrt ion. lc <1,,:p:rrtc. i dc lrrccle dotrrl rrrprtri e control,1. le lc alt ' .r,lcSi

Irrinrr l sct r c <orrrc turi iprovincde h (r(X)le rxttncni. rtrnl doile t lc lrr1 2(X).

l , ) r is td l r r r t cxp l i c r r l i ilc l l tnrncest t tcrrr ,Jn; r i r rc lc cstcc r l t t tcrv i t r r i lc tr

rrrcrrrl lri i srlnt ionuluiarr fost cfectttate u rnni murc irtcnlic pi, de lccca,rrrrrnilrrrllc corncntarii cntnr iccare nterviuestemai mare. vlaimtt lt ,epan-

t iorrrrl onlinc oscilarrgi,dic{ oamenicaregi-att chinrbat ntengia lectorald

dc ccl prrl irr louil ri; in grupurile e control, tnde -au ealizrrt oardoud nter-

virrri ctr l lccrrrc rrbiccr, imcni nu r l)lrtut nregistrumli mrrlt de o singtrri l

sc l r i rnb i t rc.

(l i trrrclc l:rten (cxtsuntprclrrate in intcrvirrri letr mcrtt lrri i $: lnt iontt lt t i .

2. I{clcriri lc r cheltuieli9i a datorii lcpublice r pttterr i pe dreptctrvint

considcrirtcrt;rcrrrirrdirecteaprogrlmulstrcinlri a altemisuri rle reformrl lc

prr l i t ic i iNev' l )ea/ ,rr lncrrb i le in punct t r l eve<lcrel chel t t r ie l ikrrmJrl icnte.' l irtrrgi,

i lccstci. l rr irstonrisc l intre argttnrcrrtclcle clrsrl, stfcl inclt clersil l-

ci lrcrl a ri lrrrirrc cstuldc rigidl. I)rintre epubliclni,astfel c relcrirt [e lt t t)st

cu al)roilpc loui cincinrinrl i nttmerousc ecrit rgttnre tclc dc clirs{ ; c accca

crrrlcterrrl rr probabilclcclasil,n ceea e-iprivc5te, r rcbrt i elinttr.

. ] . Nl:ri lrz. iuvont vorbi despre lectoratrrl robil eptrl l l ican i cletnt^.^rlt ,

rlcscrrrrrirrt lrr-rc: ci crrrcJuol)crat )schinrlrlrcrr lvoarcir t t t t t i irl iutrc ccstc

t lrrri l prrrt irlc. In alcgrtornrobil epublicln, le pildJ.ur l)utcaParcttrgc ritrtrc

( l in t rc rnnr l (()r i irc i l lg i :dc lu lemocrl l i n eprrb l ican i ,l c l l , ,nc l r<rt : l r i t i "rr

rcprrlrl icrrni rrrrlc la dcrnrrcrirl iil , ,nelrotNleli".

4. Singrrrl xccl)[ ic r <rst dnrinistraliauil 'hcrxkrrc

l{ txrscvclt.:r nccptttul

sccolrrltri. r f i fost interesant e aflatcum s-ar i ri lsprrns tunci ntrcb{ri i

n()rstre. esigurcI nrrvom gciniciodatd, arccl puginl' l l tem spcmctr, tunci

cind viitoarelealegerivor ridicanoi pr<lblenre, ercetittorul in $tiintele srcialc

vir gi\si lporrte l)r€culnccl de fagi, utile retrospec tiv.

.5.Nlfsrrrl n care arierelc i dentif iclri lccandidali lorn$isiau contribrrit

l :rnccustrll ist inclie n 1940 steo problenrrl erioasil. ccstaspcctar putca i

(cstlt rrlteriur, lel:orindnrli mrrlte cstc,dc l:rcxprcsia rnor rrtcrcsc ngrrstc

pirrrl a cxprcsia elormai arg,interese. c pildi, subieclikrr i s-ar rutea cr c

sI irrclicc rcstigiul elat ivpecrreil : .rtribuic norpersonn.iclin gtrvcrn ' l tr in

Irrnrcrr rl irccrrlor. au s-irr )uteaverif icl disponibil i tatcc or pentrtt lcctrrri l .

l)cr)tru r rl lrr olrrl rrcrrtn vialrr or dc problcrnclc ot idiene.Sltt l i s-rrr t t tcir

Z ,l / tllnnui.snu/ uolului l \ 'ott / -'15



i lr i l t : l ) rnrirgirrc rr o adrrnlrrclc rxlrncrri i li s-lr cerc s:I nt l icc cc rcprczint l lg rcnt rrr i ( i r r r l cc r r:I rn i i r prr tcn dcnt i fc l r rnnr i t ing o l i r ic) .

(r . )ct r t r t l c t ; r l i i r i v i r r t l o r rs rn r i rc r rr t :cst rr in<lcx r l rco r t l r r l r r itr iccarct:rlrJnl, 'czi Arrcxir i: , , lrrt lcrul rcort lulrri rr urttrnrcltclc liccrrci trr[crc".

C lp i to l rr l V

l. () r r r r . r l rz rhctor iu l i l t l r l c r i t ck r rn lsrrr i l tor il egradulrr i c i r r tcrcs i lc

lrct vt t tc / i l1t l): \rc:trrtr-0 tcrlrc scl)i lr. . t t l l .

2 . Vczi Arrcr l l | , pc r r r r r r t lcscr icrc lct i r l i l t r ll tccsr()rn t lcxrrr i ..1 . l i r i t o r r r l t t tcrcsi t tlc st r t rst rc i l in tc lcgc : l r l i lcrcrr tc lc l c v i i rsr ; l - : r r

cs t ( ) l l l ) i l l t t ( ) tu l l : rc : l r r r r rn rra rr co lrs i t lcrrrrclctorrr l t l r rca l ic . ccst rrcrrrs(:l ) ( ) r l t cct lc l rcca lct t l i r t t lro l lor l ia t r t r icc; r lori r l r rc rr tcrcsrr l i ,r r< l i lcrcrr tlc

n ivc lu l orct l r rcat iorur l .

4. l jolosintsontlrrjtrlt l inurrrr trri cntru lcc0sti lrn:rl iz-l i ,lcolrcccnc ofcri l

t ln nll l t l : ir rt it i t l trc dc strl l icc; i u cilrcsrl rrcri l ln.{ezrrltutrrlrr i, tottrsi,rccll i ; i

i ; i lac: I - ; t rn rr los il rx t r c: tcc i r tcrn l rr ir i 5 r rn t i r l r r tr l r r ii r rc , l c i rp t , t t : t1 o t i r r ..5 . t t rns: rr t t l r l t r ,t t tc l tc tu t<t r i ir r r5 t r ix r t l r , ;rAnrp, r r i rs t rrprr I r i l r: l - i t lcn-

t i f jcc r i r tc c rcz. i t lcn l i il i s t r i c t r r l r r i' , r ic , i : rcc5t iar r r i rs r l c tc( ] r( ll srr l r i r :c1 i i

c l l rs i l l c r r t ia i< lcr il c o l l i r r i cl )c c i l r i r ( ) : rs ( r i lr : l u r rc r r r l l r ir r f l r rcn r ii rcs l )cct r-

vc lorgruprt rr oci : r lc .

Capitoltrl \/ l

l . l ) c - r r r r r r l i r r l : r t: cs r r r i] l ) i r ( )1 ,r r r t l r r ll c n tcrcs c; rrcz.cnt i r ts tc prc l rrrr t

t l i r rP r i rn r r lr r tcrv iu . l r i r l tc crrv i rr tc , s rc o r l r ldc g r : r r l r r ll , : r r tcrcs u cr l rc<lc l r t t t l t t t t l l tcct t t ln c l t t r tJ l : t t r ic .l r r rc : rn l r jor i t l tc : r r r l r rcc l i lo ri - l r r rrc l t i r l r tr r i vc l r r lr r i l i r r ll c i r r t c rcs c prrr t r rs r r lr rrrcg i i r r r r r l x r r r i i .

2 . Aceast : lt : l l r t ic : t rc ant t tn i t i l o rcspt ln t lcn l l ltt , tcor i i r i n rg r r r r i l r r r "l inpsilrologic, lrrlxrrlrrllc KtrrtLcrvin. ,cu' in r rJr:n,lc cxcrnplrr, rl, lacJ rsrrpra

llrlt l i c()l)i l c lcl ioncxz-rll lsihol<rgicrro forlt l, n vcrlcrcanclrcptltri iui citre un

ilt l l l t l l l t scr>11i. n itccl: tsiirt tp.sc aclioncrz. i rr o frrrt i l prrsJ lccg:rl{ 'alorlrc,i r r r l i rcc; i l cr)n tn t r i l ,prc r - l r r t lcJr: I r t r rlc l r r cspcrt ivr tin t :1 , l r , : r . . rczo lr , : r , ,

Prob l t : r rr . rl i l r c r i r r r l r r - rcl c : r r r r l rc l ci ' r tc , l l i r i lcgr: r l rdlct . l t s i sc rr t l rcptcnt l i rcc l t r t r icr l rc t i tl in t rc lc. l t r l l tc crrv in tc,, rczu lr : rn t l "csc rra l i r r r ti rnp r r l r r i .

Oapi to lu l \ / l l i

l. [)acr, l l)crsoani. lt c(]ntbinat cestc chinll).Jri,a a lirstclt l log:rtrI ic lr r

oscilri lrt i , ic lr rrlcg:ltori i tolt i l iprol)rit l-7. i$i.s(:r t trt : :rt lt tri li l , cl lt ' l t incr"' t : t

lilsr sigur l)c cl si irPoia 0scilirt,a ftrstconsidcfatoscllant.Dircil rr irst lrot;lr:tt

sarr 6scil irtSi n f inal$i-a cft imbatntenliade vgt, rt ost considcratl lcgJtor

nrolriIproprit t-z. is.2. Drrtclc:

Constanli

Oscilanfindecigi

Aleqatori ecigi

Oscilanli ntrePart ide

Alegdtorimobil iProPriu-zi9i

.1. )c nrrisrrft lc trcccnt le l l rrlegrltori iortstrt t l l i:r oscilrrrrt i itrlt t isitrgttr

rrrrr t i t l i r r sc r l r l r r l i it t t rc l r t t t : l)art i ( lc ,i rc tort t lrcs i t t t l i l t r ron l l ic t t t l lc lcv l t tct l i lr t .c rr cc rt lri i lrp11rtrl l t ,l lr f t lct()rt t ltrt t :rcsrtrri ' rt t l i t tt t lport: t trlA;ir t t t t t

:rr;rrrl; igrrr:r rl (cclc lorr: l cclirrni in mijlrr, orizontlt lc,cPrcT.cntin(lci (loi

t ' lctori trl lrrt i n rlezacort l nul cu alt trl), aporttt ldintrc intercs$i Prcsitrnilc

conll ictrralc lost de 7 lr I pentru alcgltori iconstanli, e 5 lrt pcrl lrt l oscr-

lanrri rrnrrisingtrrp..rrrit l i de numai 2 la I pentrtroscihnti i ntre cclc t lott i l

l) irrt i(le.lu altecuvinte,Ptlterea elativtr celor loi hctori vilri l l t : nteresll l l

f t)st clat iv 1rl i )t t tcrnic rinrre ci constrnli, rrr rcsirrnile gnll ictrt l lc. clrt t tv

nraiputcrniccprintreoscihnli i ntre celedotrJ )i lrt i(lc'

( ) : r p i t o l u l l l l

l . O cl;rsil icarcliri lct l l i irt i l srrbiet l i lor clrorrlri i t itr t t t l i t t l i l i , n lcrt lrctri i

l l) l). rcz.trltrln llf l . t l{ toirrcl istribrrl ica 0anrctri l t lrntcrvicvuli t t octottrlrrtc:

SCORUL PP

t)gor Moderat Pul?ntic

demo- demo- clcmo'

crali crali crali

Republicana

Democrata

Totalulde voturi

cristalizate

Pulerniclnlcnlta de vol

rcDu_in oclombno blit;ani

Prccenlulcelor loarleinteresali

43/"

29"/"

21"/"

2Qo/"

17"/"

Moderal U$orrepu- rePu'blicani blicani

Procenlul celor allati

sub utl ip de Presiuni Totalul

conllictuale au sub de cazui

nici unul

79"/" 196

71"/" 41

58y" 109

400/" 15

33"A 30

9 16 39 10 g 4

3 1 1 1 8 2 6 2 6 1 2

12 27 57 36 35 16

) l6 / tl lutui\uil/ t'olu/ui

I l c z . r r l t ; r t r r l\ t c uc c l ; r \ iI ) c n t r r rg ru l ) l r r i l c l c c o r r t r o l r r t c l , i c y l r c rnx i ( l c -v r c n r c l ) c n t n r ;r l o i l r r : r r l l 0 t l u ( l i r r r r l i c 5i r r [ r r : r 0u r r i r r : r r r g r r s t .

2 . l ; : rP t r r l d o : r r nc n i isc lcc tc : rz i l

Note / 217

(/rzzr)n<lrrsrllc cxpurtcrc stenraiDrarcn cnztt l clt tr arccitcscz.i lrelc lccit

it . t rtztt l clor cerc sctl lt l radiot l l intatcrialt l lrdttnrtdc noi nt l estc sll l icicnt



i p r r r r c rn : r r c r i : r ll ) c c ; l r c l r r r p l l r t : s c rrI t r nc l i c t l c Prcr l i spoz ig i i l cor po l i t i c c c s t c t l o : r r r n c : r zspcc i i r l r l r nc i eg i r , . r lgctrcralc, c:rr(: t rr l ) : l tc ntrcgrrl ; i i rnP<lcccrcc(:rrc rrci l l t . intot< l t : : rrrn:rrrrnl l r i rrrt t t : tss ttc< l i : t c lcct iv i ct t t l tc ; t tv i t t tc,cxist i o rcl i r l ic lxrzi t i r , : ' ll r t rc opirr i i lc oartrc:-r r i l o r5 i c c . t c c c r : r l r . g l c i t t : . rs t . l : r t t ll r s t r l l c .

i t l c 1 ; t t , t t , , , t t t ll ( , s t t l l ,t l ) r ( ) x i t t t i t t i vr r r r r l l r l r t cl r r t t r c r r l l i c r . l it r t J r r t ; r s0 r r -s t r t t l l t , t l i c ; l t t t t s i - : t t t c h i t t t l r r r tr r t c n l i udc v o ( i n t r c l r rn i l c r r r u r i r r c t l r r r l r r i t :

I J r n r J t r t r t t l: r t r c l t r r r t r lr l c p r r l r l i c i r ni i ons t r n l i : r r r r r n r r r i t111 l tn l r l i n r r r l tp t i r i l cdc ,r icrrt i rrc rcptr l r l icrrnri ,lr t lcnrtrcl r l i i , Pc cclc t lcrr locratc,dc-i l l rrngrrl ntrcgi i

1l r:rrorr lca clrrr l> l rnici :

CULOAREA OLITICAREDOMINANTASTIRILOR RMARITE

lnle nlia

de votlopLtDtrcanil

Republ icani 67o/"

Democrali 23%

Noulrdsau ladculoaro polttica ucmocrald

12V" 21"/"

13% 64y"

Tolal

I J J

95

I t t t c r l l r c l : t r c i tr c c s ( t t i c z U l t : t t r c l r r r i cl ) i l \ r l ) c f l i l i l n c n t i l l rc l ; l l i c c t r t l 0 r t r lt i P r r r i< l c i t c t o r i : r r r i i t r i o l og i c i g i r r l l i ips r l r r r l o l i i c i .) s i l r o l og i r . , r r p tcc l pr r j i r r

t l r t t l c lcnrcrrtc curc joi rcl l rrr ol . l lstc l i r ; rrtc Irrol tal l i l cd cxist: l t lori rrt : r lc a_t iint : tr i Prrt l t r i i lc t t t rctc t lc vct lcrc. Accst f 'crronrcn stc r l iscrrtut n r lcrul i rr u ncc-

P u t r r lo r r g r i t o l r r l r r iX. i n l l t l o i l c r r i r r r l ,1 ; r o l l r r b i lr Ic s t c o c x pc r i c n l J p l l c r r r r lsl c i tcs t i c c \ ' : r l r ( i r r c ( : s r i l r r r i l i a r i z u t ,' ; l r : l : l : r r i r r g i r l t l i r r l p l i c r i sc l i i . ; c r l c i l ct : r r c ; r s < : t r l ( lc r r : r l c l c; r r l r o l i r r r r c ct n t t t n : r r t l c , l l c c r c t t r P l r t . r t v r t . r r n t r t l t :t r i z l Po l i t i c i , sc l ) ; l r c l cx is t : l c n t l i r r t ; r l c - i us c r r l t u u r r c s l i r ; ; i tl ) c c o rpc n t r -t ' ) r i l ( ; l r c \ | r i l r ( ) r c r r t r c g i r c c c . r r i 0 r ' c s t c , r t t r r i c i v r r r i i r l i i l n i . ' l o t i l : i i . l ccs(ctc t t t l t l t l c c ; l t rc t i l s i l i l l n t rcu l c s i nc s i c l l t rc r r t c r c s r r li r l i l l c r r r l r t c r i r r l c lcun r i -l r i l rc n ) c r t t l t r r r t r r r l i t t i l ; r r c t r r l i l r t .

I t c t l c 0 l ) i r r t c r uv c r ] l s c l c c r r r r c a t i r i l o rdc c : l t r c nc t l i r r l e x t c r i o r . : l \ : lc u r r rl l l l a r ; l t : l t t t , , i l c v r c n t c . r r l t l r r s , rvc ln 5 i t r r r c ' no r r r c l r lc s o l i , J r r r i t u t cl c g r r r l . rNlr jori t l tcr rr.rrncrri l<rri resc zi i rrclc pcntnr i i t i r i , pcntrrr pagin:r lc sport, pcntrrr

bcrrzi lc t lcscnatc ctc. in rrr:r jori r:rtc l r. i rrrclor, ccstc rnl tcrialc srr l t t lc, l l>s6lrrraccca5i i rctrrr: l ; orrrpi , cprrl r l ic l rnriprcfcri l sr l c ci tc i rscrr l in z. i rrc rcprrl r l icrnc,c ; r rn cl t l c s i r r r l r . l r l i r l l t r r l r r i :l r p r r r l i nr c c s t r r i g r t rPo l i t i c . n t imprr l camp: r -t trci Prczidcrrl ialc, ci rrcl zi :rrclc rrcclr s i r ;r at i t rrt l inc l i rgrl lc cvcl i rncntclc z. i lc i ,c c l c do t t l g r r t p t t r i l l r l r ( ) tn r t i i t r t c r c s r r t cl c : r r g r r r r r c n t c l c l l cc i l i cc a l l c rc i 6 r ;n l t c s t c s i g r r rcL c lc n r r r r r do r i s i l p r i r nc as c: I r r r r r r s l n r I r l r r l c ; t i r i n r : r icch i l i -l l rrrtc, l : rc: l rrrur l i i , lccx\rr l rrcrr ic fal t t lc zi rrrrr l u c:rrc sunt trc rcl rr l t r l r l ronlrteAccst tr l t i r t t ls l )cct l r ptrtc:r i t lcrrrorrstr l r t l : rc: l - l r cvi t lcnt ia cl l str l r icct iv i tatca

l)cl lt i lr 1ll)l i( irrcurrrit i lstf 'cl lc test.

irrt irrrpl: ltor, stc posibilca acest enomendc incrl ic in lccturl rceltrrr5i

ziirrcsrl lcrtscrtrrr:1,n plrte. 9i dc cazurilc e dcviirnli,aclicrdc txttncniicitrc

rrrrnlrcscnninrrrlt rolxglndapanidulrri t lvers. cestia lr I l i , prrf ial,oanlcni

t rrrc, rinrr-osirrrplr oincirlcnti l,$i oblirr nfrrrnragii lc. i lnicc irrz. i irrt t l poz.i-

l ici, rrr rr irrrgrrrrclcctorirlcrusc nli olxrscsc rl-l chimlrc. tt .cct, cc priveStc

111liorrl,lrrjorit :rtcrrirztrriklrrr cirrcscunnilrcsc l isctrrsurilct lvcrsarilor

Pa rsd virr: IUe a oanrcninu foarte nteresali c' . tsctt lt lrea)rogratnelorxll i t iccde

la retl iogi caresclcctea;/. tr)ostul espectiv onrdacrl orbesc andida[i i.Acest

Irrcrrr, rrrne 5i rresc, sigurtr , ,dietrl"m'.ri chil ibrat ' , t .

Accst l irr rnllri lsl)cct c-ar )uteil t j trta I cxplicim o dctrt l ierc elnirrcil-

l>ilJ r cz.rrltatrrltrirostru.)rrtcrnnrp:Irgianrcnii,l t tpil ntcrcstt lor n citntpuni:t

c lc t ' tonr l l ,r r k r r r i l r t r l lu r i : c i s i t r rrrg irtn ivchr l c l r r t i na lrdc i t t tcrcs; i tce ir

crrrc t lrrri lcsr: lcl rnaiscrlzrrtntcres. )rcjudccJli lccgrrtc e circtritul nlirrrtrr-

L iorr : r lr r rr t nrr i r r tcrn icen cazt r l rmcni lor na i n tcrcslg i vczi " igrt r l30).

/ \ccst czultutcstc, otttpi, e o natttri lmti cotnl)lcxl.Oirrnenii ntcrcs:r; i, rrpil

c l ln : l rn v i l z r r r ,lu l t r r t r l tr t i t i i rsccl) t i l ) i l ilc a l s t t l l icct iv ir t sc lcct l rc tn l . l tc-

riulrrlrri rrrnrrrt : l :rr tcc:tsttrclcctarcsrll)icct ivl idicil, probabil,pi nivclrrl

intcrcstrlrri rurri lcs(at. i lcest rezultrt ncrit l un studiu naiaproftrrrdirt .' )stcin rnr>rl vidcnt de o nrlre inrportanlrl rict icrl hptrrlci l oarnenii, t t cit st l l l t

nrl i rrt l lnc nrplicati ntr-un punct de vederepolit ic,crr rtet devin mai o[)rlci

f tr1rllc cccr cc i-i lr )utcl invita a rat iunc$i a relleclie.

. 1 . )c l i rp r , : lr i r r rrrurc i r nci h() t i r l i r i ucc a )exl)uncrc ot tn l i in tct rs:L

() crrrrrplrric clrnrln:Inrri nlult ctt trn ntcci dc l irt lrrrlpalpitant lccit ctt <l

ccrccti lrcqrrofrrnt l l i rcsqronsatri l iLrr nscarrtnili l ulcgtrtorul nres-it tot i lrit

r nlnrls pc dinllrrrl - el abir ntr{ n jrrc. )entrucei mai nrlrl l i americlni, ivali-

t ltcu clintr-o ()nll)c iI ie clipseaz.i lcvoiapcrsonaltrc a dccit lc (le carel)i lrtc

srl o:rcc. Vcz.iOrrpitolulXIl l, pcntru o dare de sealn,lastrpmelemcnttt ltri

c()nrl)et i l ionrlll irrst iri lcclcctorale.) stfclse lcc cll ntercstrl i zeltrlalcgdto-

rrrlrri rr cl irccgie l irrtulrripolit ic crcsc bi.r dupd ce l lt t :rto tJcciz. ic.\ ' l : rrcl

t( t iunc ubirr rcrrrrrnneai/-i l .inergiase nrplif ici l rcpratpin{ in f inll, ci it tdsc

: r l l r l czrr l ta tc lc lcgcr i lor .(la srlarrt: \rn { 'ectrrl xistenleiunci dcciz. i i lectoralc suprrgradrrltri e

cxl)lrncrct rl onrparilnr corrrri lc in l dorn trnr:I tate caml: itnici, )cntrttcc l

cercsc lrotrlriscri ll in lrrgrtst i l)cntruccil l l l i . (Orr ltc cttvintc,srl onrlxrlt tr

prirrrclc<lotrl irri i l in trrnri ltorul irbcl.)' l ' t t lclul itnrtd 'd rtccia irrc veil l l o

rnrcntic lc r,or Prinra inic) rr trrnrJrit nii mult i Proprrgantl: lolit icrt lecit

cci nclrot lri l i . Acclst 'J ornl):rralic fost rerl izlt l crr ajutortt l r l)rrtru rrrpttri

2 8 l , l lnnt i . rt t t t t / txt tu/ui l\'rtr / / I9



r l i f i ' r i r t : . l ) c n t r l l : l l ) r r t c l c ( ) n t r ( ) l ; rr : r t l t r l l c c x l ) r t nc r cd in ; l r i r n l j l tn i l t i t c i l c i l l n -

p r r r t i c i . t c l l c t : r n : r r i v c l s t r r l l r l i t , c i c : r r t : c ho t l l r i s c r r l i n l l i r r l r gus t i nc l u \ r v

i l l t ( ) l ) t i t l t t t t i l i l t t t c t l t c t x t in r . t r c r c t r t r r rr t : r i ou r . l : rc p t c rn l r r i c - r r o i c rn l r r i ccc i t

cci cJrc nl l : r junscscrl incrl lu o hot: l r i rc pi rni l n l rrrr i r t rgrrst.

SCORL'RILEEDIIAI E FXPUNERIIN

SEPTEMBRIE-NOlt :MBRIEIntorosmai-augusl

inalt Moderat Limila Sc{zul

TOTALUL ECAZUBIInterosmai-august

inalt Modoral Limilat Scezut

In ten l iahot6rata e | 6, 9vot n august

Fera ntenliecfarado vol 14,7in august

11 ,7

9, 4

10 0

.l3

1 1 9

1 4

1 22

1 7 53

4 ,8

3, 0,8

Capito lu l X

l. ( ) : t : c t t r c t t t ' r lx l ) l rnc lc l ) l t t t i l ; l l r : l r u s c i r r r i t c : r z : l: r i r r r p r r l l ro l i t i t . I t r c -

z . c t r ; r ti i r r r l i l c r i t c ar i i a l c c r r r n t t n i c J r ii r i rs t< lc j l s t l l r i l i tL l ) c g r i l d r t .n r i s i un i l c

c< l t tcu l io t r t l c t t t t t t rnr l l i t c in p r i r r c i l r r r llc cc i c r t r c ' . t u c l r nu i l ) u t i n ncvo ic (l c

c lc ; i t t t r - t l r ts c r i : r l c c c n t t l c s p r c c o r r t r i b r r t i i lc i t i ' r i t c lor nr in< r r i r l t i i l t i onu lc u

st i l t r l t lc vi rt t : i t t t tcr icrt tr,l ) t t l ) l icul l lccri rrrrl )rogrrrnr r i rst r:ornprrs n prinrrr l r int l

t l i n rncr r t l r r i i cs l )cc t i vc i ont t t r t i t l l i tn inor i t l r r c . \s t l c l lc s c l c c t i io l r c r c uz i l i n

ci l : / , t l l cclat l tc lor; o:t t t tcni i t i t t t l sI ci tcrtsc: l eclrrrrrt : lc l r icctclor pc c:rrc lc j l r lc

l l t tsct lJ 5i i rsctr l t l l : r r ldio progr:trnclc sponsrrr iz:rtc lc corl rpl rrr i l c l rrc l trodrrccl l r r r r r r r i l cl ) c c l r rc c -a r ra r l c s l c j r .

Z. Acc:tst i t rcprczint l l t . r t rrn:r i cxtcnsic il cccrl cc i ln \ / . Izut cJ sc i t t t i rnl l l l l

i n c r t z u l xc t i v i l r i i , i r r d o : r r t r c n i i r c l r o r l l r l l i c l c c ( c r t z : l ;t t r i l c c c ; r r c c r r r r r r l r c s t :

i n l i r r tcq ic l c prc< l i spoz i l r i l c or po l i t i cc . A i c i , o t r r 5 i , l c c s t c no rnc p s c l tcns i -

l i c i i , p c r r t r r r :l n r r r r r r r nu i rc< l i spoz i t i i l c in c c l c r n r i n ru l t e t uz u r i ) , ci 5 i P rc fc -r ingclc < lc \ ' ()t c()ntr i l ) l l ic l rr sclccrl rrc.r ornrrnicl l r i lor )trt iz:utc.

(Japitoltrl X

l. Ir, lcclin xl)utreri i cntru cei cu () l)rcl 'erintJ olit icl colrst i lnt i lr irst lc

10,9; , inconstant i i "u avuto mcdiedc 9,J.

2. Datcle:

EXPUNEREA ENERALA INSEPTEMBBIE

PANAN NOIb,MBRIE

Mediu Mediu Foarle

Inaltd sc^zule scAzula

63% 55% 53%

'l1o/" 14"/" | 11',"

26/o 31"h 36%

t17 107 47

Subiectivitatoa expuneril

Au urmhrit redominant ro -pagandaproprieior abere

Echil ibrali au carsnu au urmArit imic

Au urmArit redominanlpropagandaaberei dverse

Totalulde cazuri

Foade

fnaltd

66o/o

1 1 %

23o/.

122

(-lnpitoltrlXl

l. lxruis l\ean, Jallot lthaior, Anrcricln lotrncilon l)rrblicn ' ltri[s,9'10'

2. Arn nrri ptrtea rrmdri onvert iri lcP:lrt irl lc i l in pcrspcctiva lttci ultc

schimbiri,cu sI descoperim fectrrl l t im :rlct lnl)anici sttptaor.Alit ctt tnatlr

r, : Izrrt,mnjoritrltcrl clor ctre-5ipilntsesc): lrt i(t t t l orcsptlnT:ltorndcxtrlt t i or

l l)l) sc rcintorcnrai irzirt a cll astfcl, i sttnt cconvcrli l i i rclsiAurll i . Li fcl '

cci crtrc cnlltJ l iro intcll ic t le vot r4lrsrl l t l)-trltri or sliri;csc ritrtr-<ttt tclt ltc

<lcvgt s6lidarlcu acestt i i vor f i, deti, reconvert i l i .lr rhc ctlvlt lter rtt t l l : t i tn

mic lrrrnr\r dintreconvertitiipartialivor i in finalchsiti :tli drcl)t convcrtilirt:'rll.

Capi to lu lXl l

l . Acestc ore la t i i unr ) : rzate c cc lc 1.2(X)lc cuzt t r i l c st t l r icct i l t tcr-

vievnli n ltrnrr rctomltrie, milindrr-ipe cci cnrcnici nrtungcilxtt rt vrcrtn tl

t ' i5t igItorrrl. ici ntt nvcatt intcntiCde ot. ,n t ' tcl l lci l cCcl. rrlr l cl lrlr lc'stt l i

oirrncni l lat i l .rnivclrrl cl rnaiscilT.ute intercs arcs:I tc pcrrnit l l alctt lrtrct

rrnrrial trcile:r oeficienc e corclalie.

2. n general, rlcgltori idccid n ctrt lstrn:rn1rItt rnt l icclc or l l)l) ' , lrtr ori-

z.ontul e agtcptare fectead ntenlia c vot,clrrirr t trt tci it trl dilcrcrrlelc l)lt

2J0 / tl luunt.srttu/ wtluhti

s t t n t r t i t t i t l r c . J r r r r l r i c c t t t I I ) l ' r c p t r l rl i c i u r l i ) s t nu l t t n : u l r c l i n l t s i l - i o r c z . c

l )c r c l ) u l ) l i c ; r n il : r c i s - r r r t t c l ) t i r r r rWi l l k i c sr c iS t igc < lcc i t < l : rc r i - : r l g r c l ) t l l t r r

I t txrscvcl t si l l ic t : i r5(r1,"r l rorul .

Note I J2l

t l irrcclc patrtt . iarcrrri nrportatrte.n a.e.t" l irnitc. a$i n intcn'alcle c t inrp

irrclicrtc lc t:xt, trrt l iza rtcoperitot ccea e se cfcreirl clrnpanie, ndilercnt

rl lci l rrntcri l lclc crit t tsrtt t u lcgatcdircct dc ,,tcntclc" lczb:lt t t tc.



NICIO NTEN] ' IE E VOT N MA I

IPPREPUBLICAN IPPDEMOCRAT

Intonlto do vol

irt oclontbrio

Rcpubl ican

Democrat

I 1 6

6 1 6

Astoplrlri A1lopldri Agrophri Agtopttriropublicano dornocralo ropublicano domocrato

4 3

8 2 7

3. Atrt vilztt t i l cxist i l , n gcncrll, o corclirl ic rirrc ntrc oriz.orrtrrllc stcp-tarcpr iv indci5 t ig i l toru l; i n tcn l i r dc vot . )crr t ru : lcc i ls t i lc lu l ic c l lq t rra nconsi t lcnrrclorr l l r r rccscsi l ro log icc.Jnrr l s tcc lcct rr l lc : r l icrc,l iscrr t : r ttr(cxt.n (: i, l f cl)t i lr i lcl lrivind czultrltul ursci lcctorl lc nf ' lrrcrrtcrrz.: li dcciz. iadc vot . ' l i r t r r l i ,n rar x isrJ iposib i l i rarcrr . ,pro icc; ic i " ;an)cn i i i ; ; i or pre iccr: r

JrroPri : rn tcrr t rclc vot : rsu l l t i rc lor l r r l t i ,rs tcpt i r t< l r t -sc: r : r t .c5t i rr l cc( lnrp()r tcin l t l r r l in crt rc cc() t r lp()r t i Ii ci ns i l i . n , r .cst uz, orc l r tp i rrir i cxp l ic i r t i l r i r rl ; lPt rr l r : ts t ( : l ) t l l rcr tstcconsccin l : rn tcrr l ic i lc vot . ) l r r r : r l i z i lt l r t is t ic t ru it lc t : r l r i r t tl r ; r t J: l urrr l rc lcl )roccsc cf i .c t rr l r lc rr l icrc; i ro ict i l r j rxrg l r r r 6 l ,t la r r lPr i t t t t t ll i l tc lc cstc n t t to t l ortstun(c l n : r irn l )()r txn l .t ro l r i r s tc x l ) l ls i l

intr-. lrrcrlrc lcsPrc ,Arrirl iz.anrcracliunilorcciPrrrce intre doi f ictori corc-l l1i", crrc va i pulrl icirtrl cl)i lrrr.

Cnp i to lu lX I I I

l. l ) cn t r r rc l r r l r . r l rc r r ccst rr i r rgr i t . l , cz. i ) . r rgras wal l lcs, lJcrn lr t lLlcrcls.n, l'ulilil (huuutrirrtior.c and I'ulilic opinion, ohiclg., lrrcrarcgapir.-gravir t l , j4 l . N l r r l l r r r r r i r ipccirr lc i ( l i r tor: l rnl rrctorrr l r r i up lcs, l rc l r r r rst tPravcgl tcrc i lo t t t l )c t . l l t tdanal izc lorl cc r r r l r t crr : rccst l r ; l i to l . l t r l l t r r t r i l t ,t lc tscr l icrrcrr ,l ( )ctont lu i . ( j . l ,c i tcsgi lornnulrr it l r i c l ) rxr i .

2. Arralizl nclrrdcprrl i rl in Ztl rlc discrrrsuriadirf .nicc <Jc narc nrp.r-t i lnl i l , inutc rlc candicll l i5i de srrs;. irrrirori irr,c:r1i uncle bulct inc dc sriri jclrr tagii lco.rrlc. n rcvistc, rrralrz:rr rcoPcrit utcrialrrldc camPlnie<lingrptctf ntrc cclc rnrri rlr;Pindirccvrsrc lrn districr Lifr, ooll ien, , ihtty,, \ ' t trurt lnyl"vcntng 'ost,Rnu,/er's)igr^rt.'l' iutt i l,ool'; crr rorul, (>4 lc erlitori:rrc i artic.lci l l t f i )s t l t l i l tcc i l l l lost rc.Anrr l iz .azi : rrc lor, to ta l iz l indl .5 f l r lc i tent i ,a inclrrsrc l rr t t l r it lc Prt t r l :1l i rg i rr : lcsprc at t tgr: t r r ic ,l ) rccunl i nrr t tcr ia lc lcd i t r1r ia l ls t i l11r6 l i t ic '(\Valtcr , iPpr'arrn, ).rrrlrv' l 'h.r'son, I)arl \ lrrlkrn,ay irankri ' , lav' l ' rrckcr)

(-lnpitoltrl IV

l. Avcrrrprolrcprirt i lrc l)utcnldri ltc r\, lc l irpt, xl)t tncrct lr rrrutcrirrlclc

clcc ,rrirlc lost rrr:ri nare n aceirst i llerioldil

dccit n oric' . trcka. t t nt<rtn"ntc

difcrite lc ctrnrl ' r:rniei,trbiecli lor:

(a) i s-acenrt sil spuntr, intr-o istrlde cinci enrisiuni )olit icede sttcces,

l)c c: lrco rrrrnrlriscr?ln intervalulprecedent;

(b) li s-a rr: I trrtrirnaplgin{ a numilruluidin z. irrarccedcn tr l z. iartrltri ccurc rlcclrrmscnl rl-l citc:rrt cgulatgi ru fost ?ntrebati c caredin art icolcle

lcgrrtc lc canrpurricc cit iscri;$i(c) i s-aariltrrt l istrl u art icole e campanic lrc apilruscriln rcvistclcdc

largrl ircrrlalic i i s-a erutsl indicepe care e cit iserrl.

(l i t iclc din rrrrri l lorrrlabel cprezintd roporli lsubicclikrr lrc att trt t t i lr i t

r :c lprr l i r r rrr tcnr l i n rn lssmcdi l .

Momentul nterviului

lulie intre ongrese)

Septembrie

Oclombrie

MEDIULDE COMUNICARE F MARIT:

Radio Ziare Reviste

42o/" 29o/" 17"/o

28% . 21y"

541" 51o/" 26/"

'intrebarea u a fostpusa.

2. -l:r r cl ist ingcrnntrc grupurilccu grld ,, inalt" i, esl)ectiv,,scrlz.t t t"e

cxl)ur)crc, lrclici i rrcareall l opcratau fostdez,voltrl i c bitz;t uturor clateklr

t l isponibilc rr cornttnicilri i avind legdturrl u grttptt l p:rnel.Acc5ti inclici

l irrniz.cirz. icntnr f iecare cspondcntscorttri omplexc, ndicincl crntit l tet

rcsl)cctivi l c rnatcrial olit ic cit it din zirre gi rcvistesartasctrltrt a nrdio.A

nrai <rst, e rscnrerrea, osibil, n acest el, sddctermindnrnivelul gencralde

exl)urlcrch tortc srrrscle e informareasrrpra anrpanieirr ansamblu, le la

pr inrc lc r rn i r l i r i -arrgust )si peni l a rr l t in re le out r rrn id inr in te dc a legerr.

I tcrrtrrr lctali i yrrivind olrstruclia ccstor ndici,vez.i ncxa l.

3. Acelrrsi rrxlcldc expuncre uprapusil ostobginttt €ntrrt rccare lintrc

cclc, rci nredii.N'laioritatcl elor are -au nteresat e subiectclelxrliticcprezcnte

in zirre irrr rrrrl i lr i t n rrceln; i inrp si un alt mc(liu. Acccagi cl ' .r; ic drnirre

vrlrrbil i gi n cuzulcxprrnerii a materialul e ll rat l io$i din reviste.

-T

, ?J / tllzanisuu/ t:olu htt

4 . l ) r r c l c :

Nuk / JJ.l

i t i r t t



CU LICEUSAU MAIMULT:

BArbal i

FemoiPosto45 do ani , nclusiv

Sub 45 de ani

Mediuurban

Mediu ural

A , B

C+

c-D

lnteres idicat

Interesmcdiu

Niq un nteres

Au o intenlio larddo vo r

Nu gtiupentrucinesii votezo

Nu se agleapta 6 voteze

FARALICIU:

BArbali

Femei

Peste 5 do ani , nclusrv

Sub 45 de an i

Modiu .rrban

Mediu ural

A , B

C.

D

Interos idicat

lntoresmediu

Niciun intares

Au o intenlie lar6de vo t

Nu 5tiupentrucine sA voteze

Nu se agleapta a votoz€

Scoruilo mediiale expunerii

't1, 5

10,21 , B

10 ,4

t t t a

10 ,3

1 2 2

1 0 , 3

10 ,3

9, 6

12,3

9, 2

7 ,71 1 , O

9, 0

7, 9

Totalul de cazuri

1 5 6

1 8 3

9S

240

17 9

1 34

54

1 1 0

106

43

14 2

138

I261

1 6

1 1 1

1 1 3.ts8

66

128

96

23

60

73

bd

65

136

24

1 5 3

1 1

45

.5. I ne rcarn in t im i t rrag ia. iarckrr inist r icru l' ) r i c .n Sanrl r tskv rcr

zinrc crt circtrlat ic cgionll{ . in plrrs,Claeland ttain )raler crl cit it dc rt n

rurrnllrconsiclcnrbil le lrrctritori i t l istrictrrlrri.ntr-t t t t disrrictdc accst €1 .

i lscnlclcil ollorturrit l f t le n{ irrnrarc l lntexccl)l iot lrl c bUnc. -)csigtrr.lc ir r

l)lrtcir j inct li nrrri rt trtc n nlari lcorage lc lri i .(r. )etttrt to rrnrt l izi lt trrpcrind cest sl)cct, 'cr l,co l,orvcttt ltrt l,, l l ir,grir-

p l r ics rr )opt t l r t r\ l : rg : rz i r tcs",r r ) i r r r l j. [ , rz ; rrs l tk l , i r : r r tkN. St i r t l tor tct ls) ,

l l tr/ io Rrlurt l, /94J-194.1, cw York, 9. l. l ,pp.507-.1' lf l .

Otp i to lu lXV

L A{irrrralirr I olrncrri i voteaz:In gruptrrinu estc [o:trtcsit t isl i lei itortrc.

()irrrrcnii l l)xrl i l t rtrcivlrrrCtll l i lcgrtrprrri i, lc irccctt. stc l lcccs:lri l (cr(c-

t lrc :rlrrtrf ' rrrrrf : lt Itslrl)rrl ccstei robl<:nlcrtt lt ,r Xtltpcstc ccl nrlri lroll l t l l i l ll

y6r Iotrr? )rrrccrltrnrrl lrorintat ivd rr i si lsclcct lnr rn csilt l t iort i srl : tccttt tr t

rrrvcrrt lral gruprrri lor ltrorl e rl)art in mcnrl)ri i rri.Vonr . lvcir st l 'cl irrtrrlt :r,

colcgii, rictcrri i e familie, eciniisi grtrprrri lelc olntcni cttcttre cttec. )cntrtt

f iccrrrc trbicct 'oll avet ncvoic t lc o lrst l a oilntcnilor arc i)f l l lc'JZil ccstc

grrrprrri i rr ntcnli i lor or electorale.

Orr rrrprinr rczultnt, orn avcr.r rn: lsttr: It ortrogctt it i l i ipolit icc rr l i lcri-

telor ipttri le grtt l l t tri.Atn Pttte:r t t lt l l ccirst lo c\tct ' tsic t t t tctodct ocitt trtc-

tricc in ccrcctrlrcitsrrci:rl'.1.

()rdincrr crrrrhic' , ' lr l i feritelor rtrprrri,n terrncnii nllrrcnlci )c crtre cxcr-

cit l irccstcrrsrrprl srrlricctrrlrri,ru rcbuicsri ic idcntical cntrtt iecrtrt :rrrlrvrt l.

l J r r i io : r r r rc r r itr ) l l tc : l l o r i s t \sc conl i r rr t rczc: t r tcncr i lorlc ; r l t rccr i ,r t r r l t r r ,

vct rri lor. t irr lr,rs rnniltor r f i, n consccirrl:1,i ci lt t t i lnlPcrs()i lt lcrtrc c rt l l t

l : r r rrrct t r ll cc r r r r t luc r r l : il in t rc lorr l l r r r n : r inu l t ( 'g ru l ) t t r itt nr t jor i t t t ilo l i t icc

rl itcritc. n strrt l i i lc c;rz pccif icc orn nccrcrt i l t l l t rrr t t cc nt. lsttri l rt trlctrl l

sUnr ()n$ticnli lc c0n[] ictsi pe cc critcri i :rrr 0tJriri lc. n t,rt t" rlccstc crcc-

t i l r i r r i , t l cs ig r rr , c( 'csrrrci dcl ln i t i i lco l t iect ivcr lc l i lcr i tc lor r r rp r t r i .

in sttrrl irrl ostnr lu tvcmdlttcsttf i( ' ientt le ltx'r '<:ntcsrtprlt tcc.sttt irsPctt.l ) r rr , : r rr l rs t i t r r t ,r r tcnrr r : rn corrs ic lcrrrct r tn t r t rxt re lcn[<rrrn l l i i .n i t t tcrv i t t l

{ in:rl, fost sttpttsritc:n1ici trbiccli l t lr l ist{ <lcsttrsc iltc ar i pttt trt i, clcrt-

trr:rl,nf lrrcrrterr detcrminrrcrvottrltri: , l)in clrrc tntrc ccstestlrsc t i oblinttt

nrrrjoritutcarrfrrrrnati i lorru ilnl)resii lor xrc v-ilu lctcrnrinut ll t t t t lrit i ctrtrt

vct i\ 'ot i l : rrrrlclc, lrtettcri i lc it f irccri : t tr olcgii lc servicit t ,l l t i pricttrt tr rt tr

vct rri,pcrstxrnc rrblicc dlr nu oarncnii<lirr nt l io), iz. it i tl tcrsortrt lrlt rt t t tJirlrr-

t r r l r r i , rgerr t rr llcctorrr ln perso lrr l , tn pcl tc lc l i rn ic lc l l r rgcrr t r r ll r :c t ru : r l ,

nr: r tcr i r l r r ln t i r rnrrr t ivlcsprc art i t l ,t t rn : r lc lelc rrct t r l l i td t ilc i t incnt r t togrr l ,

rlr<liotrl,i :rrclc? l' ;rrc lintre celc entlntcrrtte tai sttsatt irst lc ccJ tt trt i t t : t tc

i n port:rn1:l crrtrr d rnrrtcirvoastri l?

9 , 8

7 , 7

I , l

8, 3

8 ,8

9, 2

1 0 , 5

9, 0

8, 4

8 , 1

10 ,9

8, 4q , 7

o q

7 ,4

6. 3

/J' l / tlJr, niturt/ ttttrt/ttr

I r t t t r l t o t t t l l t l r t : l t r i t t lcx i l c t , r t i t pc r r t r r r l r l r l l u t i , i i t s i P c r r t r r r c rnc i ,c i t r l c

r l t : . s r r r i r s t r nc n r i ( ) n l r t c c lc t r c i pos i l r i l i t t l i r c l c r i t oa r c l l r r r r r l c , ) r i c ( ( : 1 i $ it : t t t l os t i t t l c l i t t l o t t r c t t i t t l t l : r c ' c r r l o r ,ic cu r rn : r l i r r t rc r r l l r r c r r l c ,ic c : r r r l l u c r r t ; r

Nok / ?J5

2.l crrt

l irrt :r r ' l te consccvenf opinii lor tr prcclisl lozilir cstcdisclt t t t : l rlxl

t lct lI irrt rrtr-oscc(it trrc l(cno'. lrl.1accsttt i irpitol.

.1 . )u tc lc:



c c l t r n l i i r r t t r o r t . ; r r r tl .

Barbali FemeiSURSE NFLUENTE'

Flu<lo

Crrnogtinloirr<lomoniullacorilorPrioloni i vocini

Nicio menliuno cspr4vrcuncontact ersonalca sursedo inf lucnlA

CELEMAI MPORIANTE URSE

Rude

Cuno5tinlc in clomcniul lacorilorPriatoni i vccini

Nicio monliuno ospro reuncontact ersonalca sursA e inf luenlA

Totalul legitori lor

'Grrrprr l, , in f l t ronr ' ') .xr tolop ig i100%, ontnr i f iocaro log, l tor r f i putut

nurnlmal mult lo un sirrgurip spocif ic o conlact orsonal." Mai pulindo O,5%.

o c, ln1xrr . r1rcin r i l l r r rc lcz. r ' i l l r r ici lcrcn lc lcd in t rc xrnrcn i i e a tacer i

5i spccr i r l r5 t i ,r rrrnci tor i ,'crrn icr i :

Funclionari Moseriasi FonnioriSURSE NTLUEN'TE'

Rude

Cunogtinle in clomeniul facorilor

Prioloni i vocini

Nicio monliune Jesprorouncontactporsonal a srrrsil o inf luonlA

CELEMAI MPORTANTEURSE

Rudo

Cunogtinlo in domeniul facerilor

Priotoni i vocini

Nicio menliune esprc rouncontaclporsonal a sursal o inf luonl/t

l o ta lu l lcgAtor i lor

'Grr l>u l, . in f luont"oate epAsi 00%, entru a f iecare regatorarf i u tu t

numi naimultde un singur ip specif ic e contact ersonal.

5"/"j3"/"

14v"56 %

1gv"

77v"

21 5

5v" By"

339L 41"/"

BY" 17y.

5/"/"

33v"B"/.

23"/"52"/"

14"/"

5iL

6v"

75Y"

198

8v"

8V "

25v"

47y" 70y"

39L 19Lt7v" 28y"

1" 45y"

3v"5v"

lov"

79v" 67"/" 82y"

76y" 96% 40"a

DIRECTIACHIMBARIIOTULUI;

t 0

4. Itriutrccci crtrc -lt t <llrscrva icio sclrinrbirrcttnt ncltrsi i rcci cit ivir

slbiccli curc ur vi\ztt tpctrecindtr-se chirnbiirin irrtrl:elc lircct i i. rr l icclre

grrrlr. otrrsi, lccstcil onstit t t ie il l l0% din totaltrl i lslt t tnstlri lor,nicio schinl-

l r : r rc " . rrc l r tz i rrr l t r - lci )c acestca, eci .44%al in t re cpt rb l ican i .r l7o l in t re

rlt ' rrurrrrt i i 7276 lintrc :ci lr 'J nici o prol'crinlrll :rri l ' . t t tpllscil utt t t tolrscrvttt

rricio sclrirnlr:rrcn irrtcrrt ir lectorlLl oitrncnilorl in rrrrrl or.Accstc li l trcnlc

pot l i cxplicirtcastfel: l) dernocrali i , c ansrnrbltt . t l fost orntctt i nrrri rrt in

crlrrcrrl i lccit rcprrblicanii i. de aceeir, i nraiptrl in con$tientidc astfel de

sr' lrirlblri li ( l r ) o' .rnrcrri iirrcnu all nici o prcferinl:1)art icl l l i t ri l t t t t t tnrrt i l

t l i l si l lrt nrc:rcs;rl irl hcll rscnrcrrcobscrvlrf i i ,lar, rr plt ts, t tnt lr(' lxt l l i l incon-j r r r i r l i lc orrrrc: rr ir r rc i i r r$ i$ i ,c l n t rr i ro l l l l l i l , t t tsc schi t t r lx l .

.5. rr rroicnrllric tt cxistatciteva cnzuri nccrte, n carenu ant f i)stsigt lrirlrrcri,rr rrlsprnsul a ccastl nttelrure, i lmcniis-alr imitrt t it nrcrnbriigosl'rt>

dJrici lor silu s-rrl refcrit 9i la rude caronu tri l iausub acela$i copcri5 tr ei.

Accst rrcrrr c latoreirzilaptuluici, in it tglrst, t tbiccf i lor i s-acertrtsI spect-

l i tc i r r tcn l i r l t : ,o t : r lccJrrr incntbrrrr l i r rn i l i c i ,r r i rnpcc n no icrr t l l r ict r t t

l)us (l()irrrrtrcb:rrcirlc ordin gcneral ,A votit tcinevl dirr l ' . rrnil ie rlt lcl dccit

rlrrrrrrrc:rvoltstr, t?")in vcril icrlri lc rrc l lr t trnlrlt , .rn) rlst rrcirrrulis: l lcsco-

pcr i rrr ' : l l ( l r s t r lnccrrr t t rd ineu r l i sch inrbatczrr l ta tc lct t n l i tu t t l t lc 7o

i r r rr i t ;urcl i r r r rcl i rcc t i i .

( r . ) l tc lc :

Procentajulmembrilorunor diloile organizalii

I P P

l loprrbl icarri

Dornocrnl i

NivelulSES

A , B

C+

l )

De la democralila republicani

I

De la republicanila democrali

3

72 %

56 %

440/o

3 5%

Tolalulde cazuri

158

33 6

35 3

204

7. () l l tri lrtcntrc,rr curs lc publiclregi vinrl ca strbicct.,Anll iz.rrntentc-

t irrnilor cciprocc intrc doi factori orclir; i", 'a abordaaccastlproblctrtrl niri

i r rc l c t r r l i r r .

//6 / ,llntnitnt/ t'o/tt/rtt

( - iap i to l t r l



X\/ l

l . I ) r rr c l prt t i t t< lo t t rI ) t r rctc lc vcr l t : rc . src rmi l i l i t : i l l c r t : ; r l izrr tr lin<lcx rl crp t tncr i ipcrsot t r t lcl rd iscut i i lcl ) r iv i r tc ,r rcr lnpamrrc r rcxl) l l lcrc i ll r r nr is i rrn i lcat l io l i rn icci r rz iurc. inrr l i rnPl ic i lic toru lnrernor ic.) iscursLrr i lcr : t r l to{ i rn icct t t t t vct t i t t tc t t tclcst t t l< lcd ist in<; tci o : rrncnr i 1 i rscp l(r l .) r ( ) -

l x r l r i l ,Prc: r rrrr l tc )c: rccc: r , l r r t r i sc ccrc s r 5r c ur l rrrrcrrs c. i1 lc rcc lc l rl .ct : t rc c-;u t rr t ' t r l l r r t ,s tc pro lrrr l r i ll r r r r r r r . l, r t : : rr r r r l t c rc5cl i . l r r i : r rc lcrsrc\ l l l ) i l l l l ) l l ) l l l , l ) c l l t t l l t i l l c l l t t t c n t p t t r r c z i t r r t r l l i t t l r i r r t c i , : r s r l c l , c c , g n ( ) ; t \ t c l c i l

I o r cs t t : r l c s t r r l lc c rc t l i l r i l , t , l t t p J c r r r nan r v r i z r r r i n : r l t c s tur l i i c r r r ca r r i r l 6 s r t

i l cc i . l s t l l t c t r x l l . i r r sc l r im l r , < t i r t t rcn i i c i r r r i l r r c s c rr r l p i x r r nc n i l c - i r r r ng r r l

i n t r c g r i z i l c 5i n r r t t : t i s t c at i i t d c p ro l l u l r i l c lt i s : l - 5 i n r i r r t c ; r s c J( ) tcc : t i l l ) I 1 t t

i t t t i t t t p l : l t o r i r t t l i s< r l i i l c o r . \ r l i n c ( c s r l r , i r r r i r r r r r l i r r r l ,s d r r c c n r r r r c l c xpc-

r i r nc n t c c r r r gc r r t l c l c lc i n t i l r r i r i z - i l r r i c c ,l r rP . l r r r nu r r r5 i s r r gc r : r tr r t c x t .

Ll t (): l tc cc:srca, rcbtr ic s: i r< l r l rr; i r i rn;i lcnrcrrt tr lc()n$t i in[ci clc si lc. l )rrc: l

o: lnlcnri pt i rr c: l rrcbrric srt 1in'J rr intc rot ccci l cc xu discut l l t crr al1i i ,ci yrgt i

inl l t rcrr l rr l i i r l sclcctrtrci t iUl) icctului . S-1l cstat inrcl l istrtrei l rrrr l ] r l r i r i ic lnisiU-

tr i lor t lc r i rc l io i sc l)1l rc :i l l l l r t r l t lc u inc :.1\cl l lcncrl vi t lcrrtc i i lacc 1lcoi l l tcnl

s i l - ) tc ( ) ns c n l l l cz c o t l r l . t tsc r ioz i r : t t c . ) : r r c c r t t t c r t rl l o r t ( c i r l : t t o r : r r i i rP t r r l u ic ; l t r< : t t l ( r t rc l tt t t i r i t r t r t k r ri t t l i o s t o i r r t l c l c t r r it i r c r r r r l r n l r i t : r r r t l r r r r l i z ; r t ; l :l i s c r r -

l i i l c c r r o : r r nc r r i i c p r c z r r r r i l ac t i v i t i l t c n r r r l t r r ; r rl c r i l r i l r 5i ar p t l c a I i , r l t :accca,

t t l i rr ulcct;rt l l rr csclr l rr ci t lc l l rctcrr l i rr unci conscrrrnri r i istcnrl rt icc.

S: ' r Pcr; l l l r cr l c\ l )c. ' lc l l tc lc in acclstr l t l i rccl ic ' ' r f l at l r . f rrrrdi rtc.

I\NIiX'\ R

(lon strrrirca

indcxtrri lor

in nrtrlte )trncte lc tcxtt l l t l i ,nc-rlm eferit 1 i11rlc-

xuri constrtt itc c noi pentrrt (t ldil l l xcdisl)o7.i l i i l()r

polit ice,al activit{ l i lor$i rt itrrt t inilor. n ccle cc tt t-

rnc'.rd, om dao scurtJ xl)licrlic ilstl[.tracestor ndc-

xuf .

Irrdcxrrl prcdispozil icipolit icc ( It l ' )

l l r r s t rrd iual rr lcg i l tor ikrr ( lc l lx)nst r i l l J cc i t tc t

facttxi Je aximil alolrc lrct l ict ivl l ctt trt t t)t all ()st

religia,nivelul Sl' lSsi rcz. irlcrrl0.cest it t t lcx a l irst

rlcltrrit l trin strat if icririn crdrrl l l ictrlrrri l ivcl SllS,

in lirrlcl icde rcligic i t lc rcz' idcnti l ' l t l l lrnricr pt.-

tcst i ln t )og l t t Ol t l in t t t t t t t l t tnct i r i l c l , ccclrcc I

it tscnrnltt ll rvcll o ptttcrnit 'd rcdrslxrzrl ic cptrlrl i-

cxnd. ]n ciltolic lf lt t pe ccl nrui scrlzrrt rrvelSllS,

l<rtrirrd n ccntrtt l t trbitn rl districtrrlrriiric' I l irst

cl ' rt l t t l t l pttnctl jct l 7. l( st t tcrtt trsctt lt t i t t t l l tvcrto pretl isl ' roz.i1iectntrrirt i l ptt tcrtricrt )rtxct lt tr: t lc

Plrnctilfc:

A , B

C+

D

PROTESTANT CATOLIC

Rural Urban Bural Urban

1 2 3 4

2 3 4 5

3 4 5 6

4 5 6 7

//ll / ,llrutui.sun/ t:olului

LJrrtrcaz; l istr i l r t r i rc: tsut) iccf i lor n lrrnrr tr:r i , rr f rrnc; ic < lc rrccst nclcx:

Punctaj

1Frocvenld

l 4 B(nrorliso,-,zitii

Constntita indauilor | 229

Irxlcxtrl orizontului de opinii

l)c 1us1.11s5111l(cstuistu(l iuanr )ussul)icclt lor o$tri rultc ntrcbtrri lc intcrcs



3

289

467

edominant

odominnnt

pr

pr

|

Irepublicano)

l-----I

(prodispoTil i i

I

dcrnocrnto)

4 3 1 95 2836 g l

7 4 l

lndexul activit trl i i polit ice

l)itrt ici l>lrrcl,r rt t trplt t ict irst nlsuratJ rrnconrllrnrrrclrl lsprtnsrrriIrrlr rrnll-tolrclc intrclrrlri:

, ,Ari nccrcur lc crrri ind i corrvingc;i c cincvadc irlcircdrrrnncrrvorstri lpo l i t icc?"

Da

Nu stiu

Nu

Da

Nu gtiu

Nu

,,A1i rtcrrt cvnerlrc rI-l rjrrtc rc lr,dit latuldrrrnrrc:r'rxrstrrlrl i i ; t igc?,,

Punctai

z

1

0

Ftecvonld

74

I

429

69

1

424

, , ( l t r c< l i t l t rc t r t t t ' . l to l t rc l cl i r r r r : r 1 i io r c s p r r r r dc c l r n i r i l i r rc s c r r t i r r r c r r t c l 6 r

rJttnrrrcavoirsrrdagrl c l lcgcri l "

,Sunt foarle nerdbdAtor A-mived candidatul les.

,,Mi-ar lAcea i-l vAdc6StiqAnd,ar nu esto

asa do irnportant entrumino"

"Nu contoaz6 enlruminedacA a casliga. O g6

l) t tnct : r jc : lct t t ro t l l tsc l rrp I ic t t rc l in t rc : lsprrnsrrr i lcos i l r i l cn r l i c lc6rr-tribtrgri lcl)c crrc lc ldrrc clc l l indcxrrlpitrrici l)alri i .ln prrnctrrjlc glse e;;rc_zint i l ccl nriri n:rltgrrrt l c intcrc:s i rlc acti l, i trrrc olit icrl, ar rrrrJrrrnr.rajcr qscrnlt i l lcl o int l i{c'rcn1Il l)rolt l)c 6rrrplct i l .

2 301

1 11 7

prrlrl iccotit l i ;rn. )cntrua lc deterrrt int, stfcl,pozi; ia.Att exisratPctmanent

rrrri iorrrrrcni ;rrc nt l i l t l tvl lt nici o opinie.Astl incc:rrc' trtr evidertt iez.e i

irrrlc:xulr()stru.)cntrtr:r lctcrntinroriz.onttt lpinici,ntt nc interescaTilici ce

vcrf ri pr, l iriccrur susllrlrt subiccti i, i ntrnrai lardsttavtlt o tryinicclcctorrt ltr.

Arrr l irlosircirrciustlcldc intrcbilri, tc cilre c-anrptrs sttbiecli lor 5an-

t ionulrr in()stnr, i c inci n t rcb lr i )c cuto c rrp l icascnrrt rp t r l r l i lc urnt r t r l .

l)rrcrl rrrsrrlrrcct ' lexprirnit t opinic astl l)rr trt t tror clor cinci ntrctrl lri, l aobtinrrt cirrc: i uncte. )e f iecaredatd cind a sptts ,Ntl gt irr",a pierdtrt ln

l)ulrct. )unctl jtrl f ieczlrui ubiectne ofcr{ o idec asttpra nvergurii riz.onttrlui

s i l t r lc op in i i .

I t : I intrclxlri lc tt i l iz.rtc:

li,,ra tiont/

, ,()ccredcli ci estcnr' . t inrportant trnprcaedintc arcsd ie capnbil il se

rlcst:rrrccn actrt: t la onjttncturrl urope'JnI att t tr prcaedintccapabilsI sc

ot:rrpc lc prolrlcrrrclc ollstrc con<lnticcntcrncl"

.,( c crc<lc1ilcspre cgcn ccll.rt j lr i l()ro aprobali iruo dcz;rprobali l"

,,(')cprircrcavcfi dcsl)re apttrlc'tr re$edintele{ulsevelt candidcirzJ entrtral rcilea nandrt i l aprobagi,l dcz.aprobapiatt ce)^tucrunttc()ntcazjl entru

rltrrnrreavoustnl

,, i,r ,r ' r, , ,r ' ,", , t , ,1c firt : t , r tret)uicl StatcleLlnitcsr ajrrteAngli l?"

.,(lc crcdt i t lcsprcsirrrl icaterr gcncrul sunt un lttcrtt rt tn satt tn ttcrtt

r i r r i "

(ittpul r/c onltnl

, ,Occrcdcli :?l stemni mportant un pre$edinte aresA ic c:rplbilsJ se

tlcscrrrcerr ncttrala onjrtnctttrlelrropeanlsit t t tn pregcdintec:rpalri l i l se

octrpc<lcproll lcmelcnoastre conomice nternel"

,,(lc lcl tlc 1'rregerlinteredetictra ost loosevelt foartebrtn, run sau trttl",,Oc1.>:lrercveti les^preaptulcrtpresedintele L<xrseveltandideaz.trcntru

rrl rcilcir rnantlat il aprobali, l dczapr obagiauacest ucrtt ntt contead pentru

d rnrnelv<lrstrl l?

,,(lc fcl dc prcaedinte redctic, ar i Willkie - foartebtrn,bun sau rlu?"

,,l)acl ar 'rsrlalegegi apre$edinte ntrc un om careare ceamai mareexpe-

ricrrl i l n Kuvcrnxrc i rrnalculcrt ceamai mareexperiengrln afaceri, e care

l-a f i lcAc?"

J.l0 / tllaznis utu/ t'otultrr

Indcxul lccturi i rcvistckrr irr t irrrJrtrl utrpnrrici

('lonslttriva iadauihr I J'll



Srr l r i cc t r r l i rs t rr t rcbat csprc r r t i nu l tc rr t ic o lc pcci l i< :ct l ) i l ru tcn rrrrr lc-

rc le rcccnte n lc rcvistc lor. ccst rrdcxcstc ) r r r ; i s inrp lrr cu: ln t i l ic i t rc

ntttnilrt t luidc urt icole csprcprrlrlcrnc polit iccpc caresrrbrcctul rf irnlat cd

lc - i r i t i t .

l lrdcxtrl lsclrrri i z. iurckrr rr t irnpul cnrrrpurrici

Intcrvicvatorii rrr nvestig.rt lriccirrri lc Jc cctrrri l lc srrtriccli lorn ci rz.ul . ir-

rclor. l i i t dc dcs -arr it i t ci pe dil 'erit i i crnnatari i rrrbricilor in zirrcle rnle?(litc art icolc lc prirnrlp' .rginJ cspre alcgcri .rrrrcclln()scut? rr cit it t lcspre

c()nArcscrrt. i l .rc? lrr cir a ft)st nil i ntcnsil cctrrrlz. iarclor.u ati ita l irst nni

iuelt 5i scorul xpttncrii e m'.rtcrialtrlxrl it ic l irrz. iurc.

I r dcxul urrrr{riri i crn siunilor rndioftrnice n tirnpul calnpzrrrici

'St rb icc l i ia t tost rr t rcb l t i t lacJscul t i rscrdlrsct rrst rr io l i t icc rr t l io f rrrrrcc.' l i rr

o l r l l t t t t t r r p t t t t t : r ipozi t tv r i < l<:i tc or i rr t i lsprrnsf i r rrr t t iv . r r r r : r iost , lci l \c t t )ct lcr t ,hcst io t te t r its t tpr l r r tcrcst r l t r ir rn i l l s t i rt i r l l t lc n r : r t c r i r r l r r lad io-

l irnic rc[critor Lr congrcscgi dcsprc liscrrrsrrri lcolit icc n gener:rl. ; iccarc

ra ls l ) l l t lsn t l ic ind l tcnt ia cor( l r t : lrnrr i r i r tcr i r r lxr l i t ic i f r rzr t a l r l ioa corrrr i -

b t r i t a un prrnct rr jn l l t : r l ,ascu l t i i r i inatcr i l lc lor o l i t ic i i lc l rad io".

Irrdcxtrl cxprrnerii {cncrt lc lt cornrrrric..rrcrrlcctornlrl

Inr lcxt r l xpt t t tcr i i cr tcra lc stc lort r c r rn r r r l : r rcr nd ic ikrr l rcc i l i c i c c r l rc

t-atn lci ltuit cl sJ ar: lt : lnl trrnlrrrldc rrt icolccit itc n rcviste,nri lsrrran cirrc

s-at t i t i t r rurtcr i : r lco l i t icc rr t r : r l tct i r i l i r r i r r rc, r r rn i l r r r lle i i r i r r r r l c n: r tc-

rialc1.lolit icr:sct l ltrtc rrntrl io. agi rrlsttr:rn carc trlricc;riu rrrntrlrit ulct inclcdc 5cir i . i sc r r l i i l cl x r l i r i cc i n t rrrn i r i le rrb l icc. ) mcdic sinrp l .J ind ic ikrr

I rra l i cp lr l t a grrodrrsl r t lcxrr l cncr i r l 'd rc tc-a rr tcresat .

l)cntrtr l lrrrcrr lccs(()rn<lici. -rtu irk'sit ntrcb{ri t lc t inrrl:

. .Ciit r1i itrt lcslrrc lccastit( onvcngirr lgionll.J {cprrblicrrni, onvcntil

N l t ion l l : l I )crrr<xr: r td)n z i l rc - f<nrtc u l in , l ) rr l in , o i rr i t l r r r i le arr lc l t rc l "

, , A t i i t i t r r . . . . . r c v i s t : r ) . . . . . .l c s p r c . . . . . l "

, ,( it t lc t lcs rrscrrltrrl irrrrirrnrlc lc 5riri l i l irz:rt t : nrrl io lrccvcrrt, rcl-

z. ional lrr rriciocllt i l i . )c olricci<lrrmncavoastrlcschit lct i adioul l st iri,sarr

r t tc inevrr i

, ,A l i urrz i t r rr l l indu-sccccnt : r l t l io lcst rrc. . . . . .?"

, , A t i r r r r z i t p c c i n cv a ( r t t t i e s : r t r p r i ct c n i ) c l i s c t r t i l l t l l ) r o bl e n l e d c l t o l i ti c r t

nrl i()nrt l i l lc cirtd trc-:t lt l' . l7.t lt l t ima rurll"

, ,1,-rrl i i lztt t )c Willkie cind a inrrt ln discttrs'r grrrr?"

.,1)c lre clttrtrc cestc rt icole leprinrl paginrlc-l l i cit i t ieri n z' iarc?"

,.Ascrrlrirl i ist.rrrsrrri leolit iccde ll rat l i() rr t inrl lul cll l l [ )rnii lor clccto-

rirlc: <xrrtc cs,citcrxlattr,'Jr auniciodrt"t?"

..(lrrcirtea1i orbit ccentdcsPre olit ica alirxrali?"

. ' ( j i t t I c r I c s < t ll i S n r r i l i s i v d d r r c c l i l a| i | m ? A l i t r r t t r i l r i t gi j t r r n l I c l c t l c i t c t tt i l -

l i r r t i l "

, ,Despre c disctltaiimri mtllt cu frmilia (satr rictcnii)dttnlnervtt:rstt : l

clcsprc rtnrplnil clcctoraltraudespre rlzboi?"

li iccarc r:Is[)unsarca dez,vil luit l strl l icctul it iscslt t tasctt ltascotl lt l l l l-

clri lc lxl l i t icc -r acorcllt ccstuiern ptrnctaj tr:rinalt lccit at:ellcirtc ir: lt i l f

c: lnrr l intcrcsuscr: llcesre tiri. )rt temdetcrminr n accst i ' l exPtrttcrcit"ct lc-

rrrlr. tprrblicrrlui)cnrnl lorri pe ioatle lc catnpanici din nui pintr n rttgttst

gi <lrn cptclnlrricpirl i t n noienrlrrie'

lrrclcxtrl cxptrrrcrii Jxrliticesubiective

Accst ndcx trclrurc :I rrt i icc acl sttbiccttrl trrnrdrirnt lcr)sct)il l i l tcf : l l )r()l)i ' l-

grrnclist iccl)rrl)l icanatr lemrrcrat.rentrtt c<4rurilcccstttrndcx'.r irstncccsar

srlstudrcrncolrl irlurulpolit ic al cliscursttri lorirdii l te$i al art icolclof it i te n

z.i',rrei revistc.

Strl; icctrrlrris-r ncort lat arbitrar t ln l)t l l lctnj oz' it iv cntrt l iccrttc rtatc-

rirl cilrc i-..r ..r oriz.l\tc rcltulrlit.rnigi rrnprtrrr:trinct{:rtivpentrtt ltccrre nratc-

rirrl lcrtrrrcmt it it sarr scult:rt .)irc'Jsctrltascliscttrsttrie-l lc lrt i { txrscvclt

srrrrwrrll..rce rrrrckcs, citise rrticole Jtrtllntl politicn Nta' )enlklf(r'ttttziitrsatl

o rcvistal rrrr rcllt t trt l asctrltascau irise cspre onvcntiaNaliorrrrl ir)ct l lo-

cr'.rtil,)tntctil.irrl rti gcrrcrrl tindea si fic dcmtrcrlt [)acl' pe de irltrl xrtc'

srr l ) iccru li ascrr l tasee wi l lk ie sau e John1, . ,cwis, ; i t isc <l i tor ia lc let t t t t l

zicr rcPrrtrl icln xucit ise5i ascultrse esprc llngresrrlRcprrblicln, l t tvcrt tt t

l).ncr..rj ozirir, , indicin4 . rendinpl repull l ican:I.n.,t tnar"a ll[urol accstor

prrnct r jed ivu lg i rct t loarc lpo l i t ic , Ia in tcrest r l r t imln i fcsta idesrrb icct .

Accst t lt lcx ft)st |c,Jtrl i t el)arit )entrl l jecare intre |)rincil)l lc|c lcrr-

o:Klc lc cllurPatriei: t latdpentru perio' . t th <tngrcscl<trintrc lrrtri lc rrrrrr

: r r rg r rs t )i l i r l lo t rPct t t r r t cr io : ld l cPtctn l l r ic- t to ic l t t l t l ic '

]J/ / tllrrari-sntu/ nhthi

Indcxrrl acordrrlrricrr argulncnte c celor t lotrri prlrf i

in i r r tcrv l rr ll i t t rc(o t t t l r r ic ,lcc: rrc ubicct l rcst iorr l r tr i rs t rrrrc l l r t l : rc i l st c



dc : tcort l t t t r t r t l tor t rc lc) l ) t r rgunrcn(c,l r<rr t l i l rc : ri l c ipc t t rrnci i r r i r t lp lyr ic

, ,1{ rxrscvcl t ; r rcrr i l rc c l t r rs l l rJ , r } l ; r rc rp i rc i t l tc rc r r r r rnc l i o i l t c l i -gcn l i lascu l l t l . ' (

, , lVil lkrc cstc un orn tl irrtr-rrrr rr5cldc l)rovincrc, i lrc s-a rcll izi lt l)rinl i r r l c1 lr . I r i i 5 i ; i - r r . r rst ru i t rn l rurn l r r ro r i t i rcn i r r r r r i: I r rrr r l r r t .cr i , , ,

' ,wil lkic cstc rvocat intr-o corpor;rl ic ;i va lrrvoriz.rrxclrrsiv rrrarrlc

cr.rrnplrri i ., ,1)olitrc:raoDca/ r ntcrferatpreanrult crralacerile rivace.,,

, , l{urscvcltgri l lci itc ntr:rreaJrii ntr-un'rdzb.i mllotriva restului rrmii. , .' ,Nrr ar trclrrrisi rupcm crt tr:rdipia cnrrrcmticir le,{en(l rn llrci;cdintc

pcntnr un a l rc i lca r lnd: r t . "

, , ( - l r rL<xrscvcl tPrcscr l inrc, .st l rc lcJn i tc rrn tn r i r il )u l in d is i r ) l rscr dc .in : rp<r in fa la r r i i r l c r . "

, ,Wi lkic va crctrcprorluc;i l ncr rrrj i int lrl irccric., ,DlcI trn alcg:ltor ftrst lc ac<rrd rr ln xrguntcntcarc slslincil t : t l t l lrarr r

; ; is^a r l ) rr tr r lczrrcordt r un: r l tu l srr : i l in in( l l l - tPc a( lvcrs: rr i i< lco log ic i ,l r rp r i r r r i t tn prrnct : r jl c + l , I ) i rcr l r r r i r i rs t lc ucor<lu propr i rr_ ir l lu rr)ct r tdc() .Ioli icsit t t r irstdc acott l u urr rAunrcnr l clvcrsrrri lor,l I prirl i t -1. rrrJcciz. irr

astl l)rrl rlcJrt lt tgttntcntl i)st )t tnc(i lt l l u /cro.Astfcl, iccurcstrI iccta l)rr1ttli lrtrnctrt. corcric. ntre +tJ i -f t .Cei Z5Tol.atri in cort l otalsarr proaPcotllctr :rlrJrr rr atr vur prrncrajcnrrc +(r9i +tt.oci 35vo c srrbiec;imai ipsiridccnltrz-iasrtrrr : tcurrrrrl; t tl)uncti jc ntrc + 5i -.5.

I,ldittrr:rlonrrtniclre.roolcrilcititorilorprinravcrsitttte

in l imba romind n ttnci' . tl intrs cclc ltrci nrlx)rtantc

Itrcrlri t f in istoriastrrditrlrt i omrrnicilri i Pruplt 's

Ohoirz e l)aul l,azarsl'eld,lcrnrrd llcrelson 9i I'laz'cl

(iaudet. Volunrul se nscrie ntr-ttn aclcvilrat rogrrm

rle tradttceri in ltrcrdri lasice, t l scoPtllexpres le

rr-i jrrta )e sllrdcnfi9i pe toli cci i lrtcrcsil l i . in ce n

cc nli l i l l l tmcro$i.strcttnt l lscit stori l - sct lrt l, (lnr

tumultt ioasl a sti inteiconll lnicllri i ' ' t r-9i<rrlnezersolid{ ctrltur?t e specialitate'n coleclia ntitrrlattr

chiar ..Cultura omtlnicilri i"atr apdrt ltp0nI in pre-

zcnt cArli undamentale e h)rving )offrnan, 'ldrvrtrd

1,. lcrnaysslu lt tct lrcl ntt nraiptt l in ct lnosctlt i l tt l

I I sabe h N oe e-Ncr nann,,\pi m n I tr rii' ( )i mp r e

ccrcctirrc ott n l lornlrt i i t ,conrttniclrcnarc ttevolc

vitrrl l dc imbogrll ire rcgistrului : I t t corct ic, lc ctt-

noa$terc; i ccttpcrarc cceilce cvolrrl i l clonreniult t i

ne prol)une regrrchiz. i l ie lurrbilr. n lag:rrt lor en-

dingeevoltrt ive rrc se lnllnll l l t l nt l i l l t rl in sJ)cctir-

culolse, ntolrcereaa rtddcini, a origirri, l lnoa$tcrea

Iucrtrri lorareattmarcrtadevdratenlo'.rnen evolrt l ia

r^trrdiultri ornttnicdrii u p()t dccit str fccttnt lcz'e

efortul de cercctnrc cttt l l , sr-i conferc mai mrrltrl

consistcntl9i, n nntrmitcprivinlc,clrirr sr\-l hit lczc'

Mecanknul ttotulai rcprct'intit o contribrtlie dc

grrinritm?lrime rr stttditrl omtrrricalri i ,ntenleiaz' i l

nourl aradigmde cercctarc i nterprctare ncesteil.

rlcschicle alti pcrsPcctivl de nlclcgcrc it pr<rccsttlrtil)ostfa rl

2.14 / ,llettni.tutn/ volnlui

t lc cot t t t t t t ic l t rc .) t t tc t t t l )urrc l l rc l ) rc r in ti l n t<xlrr ltr cvo lu t i l ccrcc-

l\trrltti I J.)5

il irntrplt icc, ccr(ct i l tC:l t l l icit irt l lc org:rrl iZ.:rt i il ircct



l ) r rnctt ; l r i i ig rrro : rscr orrrrrrr ic i i r i i ,l r :opot r iv ll r i n nctot lokrg ici ; t r i r r czt r l t : r tc .r r

v ( ) l l ll ) l l t c i l t t lc lcgc rccstc 0nt rrb i l t r i: l r I l rvc i ln vc<lcrc i rrrn l l i : t t r tort r l r r i

p r i r rc i l r r r ll l r rc rJ r r i l )u r r l ,uz. : rrs lck l, corrs i t lcr : l tcl n t r i an l icar i cc l nrrrr

inova(ivccrccti\ ()rn t lorncnitrl onrrrniclri i ori l lc

l ) : t t t l , r tz . r t r r lc l< ll l l i r rch 2,1 lc ln i l ( ( r ( ) r i r ( t r ln n l r l (crnx( i ( . : Ir r n ivcrs i t : r tca

d ir t Vtcrta . t rc l iJ t i rc : rt t ucci ts t i l l i sc ip l i r r r l: r i r l co r r r l l o r r : r r r l r Ir rrc i : r l I c l t r rr

rtgttrozit ltc:t t t cl ltcvlt ulrort l l t roblcnrclcmetotlologicc lc ccrcctl lri i rrcilrlc.

l ,<rct t ic5tcr rVicnrr in l l l 30 lc rrn i . t rnoslcraragrr l r r ii r rpcr iordrrn tcrbc-

lrcrl, ,rrrrtrltcstcclc polit ic:I ,rt : trxisrrrri si lrrrr:rl iz;I".i irrl lrrcntc:rzllczvolt irrcu

irrtcf ctrrrrl;1,lrrP.l roprii lc lcclrrrl lri , , ' . lvcrctt l{ogcrs, l l istot.t ' f (, lonmu-

nirrtiot,\ltu/v. t\ Iliopnplial Appruar/r,Nov York, l;rcc I)rcss,1t.2,19).n 193.1,

I)lcacil n Stutclc Unitc ctr o brrrsrl l i ' r irrt c l;undll i l l trrkcft l lcr. IJtrrsa rt

rrn cl dc consollrc[)cntru dl)tulcJ ntr uscsel)rornovat e linic acatlcmici ir

Llnivcrsit ltcudin \/ icnl, dltorit i l originiisalc crrl irc rnai i irziu, ,:rz:rrslt lt l a

gltrtni l l lr l)c scrlrnrr ccstui rrcru, prrrrirrr. l: I ,dirci ar i l irst )ronlov.rt,)ro-brrbilsi-lr li g; lsit ; f irgitul ntr-o cilrtrcr: llc 11:rzare).

l l r t tnot t tc t t t tn l rort i tn t l corrst i tu icr l i l i c rc l : r l i rou l t lc ( crccturcu

l lad i<rrr l t r i ,rc l t in 19.17n cldrrr l L ln ivcrs i t r t l i i) r inceton.) i r r t re czrr l ta te lc

activit lt i i t lc ccrcctlrc dcsfJ5rrrater accst nstitutsc rcnlrrrcrl:rnalizrrcriulclor

rad io l i rn icc nt rcPrinsd c l - icrra lcrrz. lg , rrrd i i le r r i ( l i rn t r i l c r r Pr iv i rc a

lunic:r rrrrvrrclt : Ic cnrisirrncarri l.Ci.WcllsRrizhoiu/uuilor. srrrt l i i lcrril 'h.

At lort t r r r t pr iv i rc a l r lc rcn lc lc l in (rc rrrrz ic; rr r l t l5i r r r r rz i c r rrso; rrr l ,r l r l i zu

conrp; rr : r t i r ' ; ll lc cr l rco in t rcpr i rrr lc, . rz l rs l t l t l rr y l r i v i rc ,r l i lcrcrr tc lc r r r rc

rcccl)tarca tt t tri rtcsaj cris5i a ttt t trirr;rclioforric.l irorrlsc vil ntut{ l rr 19.19rr

f lntvcrsitatcit irlrrrnlria 9i v:r primi t lcnrrrrrirc:rc ll iroul pcntrrr icrcctrrrc

S<rciirl i tplicarrt ' l 'hc lltrrcirrr f Applicd Srrcirl l .cscerr.h)., .rz;rrslcl<llcprrnc,

in : rcc: rst i l crro ; rr l i , f i r r t r r r ionsic lcr ; r l r i lclc crrnst rur:1 icrrsr i r t r l io rra l r , ; ir rrnrxlrl i t irte lc I rlolri irrrl i rcst igiu, c a dcpl;; i st lrrrt trl<lc lnigrrrnr.

LJrrrr l l i r r t rc t r r r i l cmcri tc : r lc su lcc: i (c d a rcusi ts: l s texrg lgr: rn i tc le

clintrcoricrrt irrcrrrt :rdcrrrrcil,ir: l l izrrtJcxclusiv c tcoric,pc cerceturc. i ntc-

rcstt l pr:rct ic l rrt lnt irristr' .r1iciarr rlconrprrnii lor;rrvatc. lrrnslt crnrcrrtrl c

,,ccrccti lrc rt lrninistrrt ivi l". rin carc rrlclcgcl ccrcctJrcil rngriricrl,rri l i : rrrl :r

r: lsl)t t t lsrto lrrltrt irt truc lrrblic:t ,;ro soliciturc guvernrrlrri rrrrl orgrrrriz.:rl i i lor

rlrcdi:r. )in lcclt \(i lci l lr l l l l irst lcscori rit icat lc corrrrrni(rrtclrc:r<lcrrrit\, rt lri

: r lcs c c i l t rc tn i isrxto log i i t rc onsir lcr : t r rI < l iscrJr l in : rrc l r r r ie ; i r r r r t r ' ll c l l r r t c

t lc ltracticl. )ricntcaz.: lccrccti lrcir onrrrnic'Jri ic rnlsJc:ltrestrrt l irrl l 'cctelgr

;; i cstc ctlnsit lcrutpcrsort l l i t irtcrr arc nr:rrchcazl tcccrcil dc l i l ccrcctlrcu

fi1:rntatr\ lc6rArrrrizrrt i i

i r r r t : rcsrrrclc rczrr l t l tc :rr t l r rs t r iaomrrn i t r l r i il c t t r i tsr l ,tgc l l l i i l c p t rb l i t : i t r t tc ,

. . l l , ,ct1 i ilc rlrrrkct ing, drninisrrali irt . .rtcft trlnitc, sinrl ic:rtc. irrcit t olt t l l" ^

l.rtrrrrclc lcgrlt trrl ntrc rborduren rtropc nl dirr$t irntclc trcialcdottt inatritt

rlccrl ,rcnrc c tlcnrcrsttri l f trsofice i spccrrl lt ivc)5i troilc tcrlt l i trlc c: lIc sc

niIStcxil n Sturelc lnitc (bchnviotist i l t l l ,lxrrt l: trcaprxglt l: l t lc:I , crcctl lrcl

cxnt t : lt ivl l).()pcr:r 5i lcri\ . i t i t tc: l ri inl if icI a lrri l)ntrl , :rz:rrs[cld -:t t t rt t t t trrt t lc o

tl isrirrs.Jprccicrcclrirrrl in irnprrl ieli i srrle. l irst lcs prcgctl intc rlAsrx ll icr

Anrcricarrcpcrrtrrrocrcetareaopiniei l)rrblice 1949-19.50)i rl As<x' iI l ici

Arrrcricarrc c Srri6|rg, ic 196t-l(XrZ), renrf irt t rl Acir<lenrici lt ir; tr:rlc lc

l ' l<lrrcrrrici rl Acrrclcrnici rl ion'.rle c $ti inle A prinrit it l t tri on<xil lt t lc l:r

( trivcrsitrt tcalirrOhicago,n l9({r,dc la t lrrivcrsit ' rtcr irlt lrul)irr ' n l()70' lc

l r rUnivcrs i t r tcrr in Vicnrr ,n 1971, i dc h sor l ronrt ,n 1972, i i r r t lp r i rnrr l

sociolog rncriclrn trc s-ir tucrrrat c o ascmcnca ccllnox$tcrr:t i irrl i f icl. -l

st irrs in viag:Irr30 rrgrrst 97(r.

S l : i r5 i t t r ll t :<ct r i t t l r t i : t l) i l t l l l l c lnl scc6 l t t l t t ircc l t tcrr t lo t l i t l : t t l c t tcvrt i l tl c, ,1 : tprc i t ( . l ig l r i " . r r r r r crrr i r rcn) ; r t r l, r rz. rrs l t l t l1 l )r t : lu1r1 c r l i t i , rt lo t t ; t t

lrrr.rlri iclc 11rt.lpt:r l<:t it tncl tt pt ltc{rlsi l x)rncilscile rt specrrl:r1iirlvint l

. .1 i r t r t r :1"ocict : i t i r ,i < lc a rcT, t l l t i l tC lcl l ror Xpcr i t t tC t t tc ,l c t l t ) r )r( ' t (c t i r i $i

itrvcstig..rlii.r,lcritul5c0lii .rrDericancdc coluturrcruc ste rcch cI s-a txrtt lc

l:r trceltrrt )c (.crccti lri5i eXpcrinrentc,rtre ic all (cl)rcZclltat rr5in t l ircct i, t

r l cs ; r r i r r t l c r i il c cor i i t : r to t l ) t t te ln ic ic ircsci c: tz t t l crcct i l r i lo rr l i l i r t tc l t : l : r r l

l f rr'l:rtttl), ic 'ttt ittrtttgttrra t,ottdpamr/iyntl d. ittktPftlott 11 ( cstlli itlll)rl(:t

(c:rzrrlrri )rrrrl,az:trsl 'clt l).hrstrlt ivlpcntrttprtgmlt isnttt l lrc I ghit lrrt ctt tcr-

srrri lc dc ilvcstig:ttcsrri l l l estc c|i 'Jt ccrcct: lrcrtt ltrcprinsil lc c{trc l)rrrt l

l,rrz:rrslcff clrc va ntcntciaparar/ipna fntclor initttcitt conrtlllicrlre'Jlc nllsil'

l)roicct:rtrl)cntnr l cvulrra nrpirctrrltrtorc:nrisit t trii tdio[trt t icc rit t : t tc

I )cpitrt lt t tctt t trl trt tcricrrttl Agricrrlt trri i5i rr<rprrnclil poptt lariz.czcolit ici lclcrlcralc rr rirrt lrrl crrl icri lor, crcctrrrcrr lcvcnir )c )rlrcllrs l l t()t t l lel ltc(:vil.

l)otrivit lrri ivcrctt l l trgcrs, iei rri , ' . rz.rrrsfcldtl i-a i)st irrrrtc l ' .rr t t l l \ s-"1

trirlsfort lrlr o xsrf 'cl c irrtcrrl ic ntr-trn stuclit t rl t lcgcrilorPrczi<lc:trt i ' . rlcl irr

1940. )onrinrult : In el)(ri l erirpcrccl)l ia ltot l)l l tcrniciei rcsci; c . tccca, crt:c-

t lt6ri i sc l$tcl, txl l srlgrlscirscrllovczi rlc ttnci it t l l t lcn[c <lircttc, nrct l i,rtc, r

prrrssncrlia rsrt[)r:rorlrlx)rtxmcntultritc vot. )csc<tltcriri lccllci. t t tll cotttr; t-

t l i l t ic crr ot cccrlc(:sc sti i lpinl atrrnci. ' l lc rclcvurr l pcrstxttrclc i grrrprrri lc

s<tcit lc rltrtrrt : l rr[rrrrrr:rl i i lccsprecatrt lt : tnict lt ' r irt : e tt-t ltsslcdi;1, r] t trtss

rrrccfrr nrr rcu$csc uIrtingl'l ccit /n nundr n/n.r t'fx',vtllte, t'rl tlccrtttisttrttllc

irrllrrcllrrrc i.l ot.llxlrt.rltlentuluicstc nrlt r/ifrit tlc ccc:lcc sc $tirl lill:l lltllrtci.

/.J0 / tller ni.snul vorului

[)trp:I rt t t t ccl;rr: l hi:rr t t t tori i, rt lriccttrl t lrl i i l rcprcz.int i lpinirr trblic{ .(ict:rt c t<lt tcc ott t tcrlrca stc )crsl)cct ivlrc irrvcstiglre. lt t o irrlrric rct l isi-t t)lt l ; l t i l , i cottst: t t i lrtrl lrcsi: trrrg rlspilrrrl i t l ; l<xriviti lrci:r rrvcstigrrrrsctrrrrrul

, ,e lcscric c crct loutttctt i i csprco : lscnrcncirroll lcrnil"

Postlald / 237

rnrriprrlirr<lcrrrocrlli cc'it catolicii n virsti (in general, incrii 1;rel'errlpozili'.t,

irrrl i{ trcntcc purt idsc all i l n .rce:rst. lozit ic). ndexrrlerrcnstr vnloirre rien-

rxt ivi lccr(I 5i rc poutc nclica clircclic ntcnli i lor<le ,ot. rrs: l t tcrttri lc levin



dcci ccclr c nunlinlasti l/ . i ()n(l i l jclc lc ogrttric i ltc coltst ltrl nodrt lcttnt sc nrportcrzllntcrnl)ri i

urrcic()nrrrnit l l i ir un [cnorncnsirualtrrl.Lrrcrrrc' .rlc lhtrtgintcptc ltccvrr, i

r r i c r l csc i l i : i r rrrrru l l i r r cs r r r t r r r i l crrr t lcrn i td t i ii r<: turr l i r r t l i ir r lc ., l r r c rcc -tcuz. : lr rxJ. r l i t i l l i lcr rc l rc. ,sc i r r r rc r rz i p i rr i i lcrrsc5 i" , , , l i r rnr i r rcrr ,ch inr l l r r rcrrpi tfcz.vrrlt lrcl lrirriciprrlrlrcc".Arrtorirytrccir.cnt.zrirupcrJc: ,nu urr lcscris

oPirriuprrlrlrci l, r urrrstrrdiat-<ln llrtrccstrl rrrrrrJri i i". L)coscbircrrtrl l ldcccrcct: lri lc lc lrirul trrrrcicstc cvidcntl.

it t c,rt t t i trtr; trc,ontsit t tct iz-rtirtcvirl irrrrc ontribrrl i i lcucrJri i c l irl l l , ;rirr rrrcri lt t t i t tcatit t lc acttt ; t l i l ,l t i lr t lrtci l xpcrirncntulrlc a carcu porrrit t irst rrtrc-

l)rltrs tcttnl lcstc (rO lc tt t i , rrtr-t tn ()ntcxt u t()tul l i fcricdc ccl t lc rrstrtzi.

I)rrpil 4rinilr lt)i lstri l ,i l lr i inc dc tnarc:rctulrl i tatcorell l ia pc carcautoriio stabilcsc ntrc stirtutrrl trciirl l l lcgrrorrrlui p-i P;irrncl sl dc vot. Aspcctrsttprr cilrt t irt -rt nsist lt nai l)ulin.Ohiur<lrrcilstalzi l ne rt l)ure nri ntrirrrlrrt .clt i lr t l lcrl ()l l i t t t tcJ lc \ 'ot cstc rrl lucrrlrrtJ i t lc l l t i frrctori urcult crcscgt rlit l l lx,rt i l t l l l ctt t t t stc, lc pikl: t , trtss rct l i l), ccxstrl orcl: t l ic rr:rrri lcsrl1r grrrrl

dc Pcrcn i ta tc cln l rca l l i l . l tn r i r r tcr i , u nc l) l l tc lncxPl ica e cc rco lo undecstc silr; lcic lonrinJ rl)roilpc ntotdcrrrrna tingu sau t le cc l ibcralisrnul riuonscrvilt{ )risttrrrlt t lrtasrrcirt tcu o starc lc 1'rrospcritate,tr standardcmttc-r i i r l c r l r i i< l ic l r tcr lcpcrsrn l tc l r l rl ru rrrp t rr i lo r .

ocrcct ' . l tori irrr t lcrrt i l icrrt scric lc vrrri, .r[ri lci , ,corclrrl i i xtcriortc", :r ro l l l lrc inllxtrt i lnl l l t t t lcciz. irrlc vot,drrr 0rc trro exisrcnpdntlcpcrulcrrt i lcc;tnt lxniaclcctrrrrt l i l ,lccalitatclci. l, lstc ccl. l c l,azarsfcld icolalxrritrgri iil i: rt tntrnrit rrdcxulPrcdispoz.i l iciolit icc lPIt). . l l cprcz.int:I n gcn dc T.estrcsrrci:rl i I ,rsi lrologicil tcrrlturl lrt lt citrcorrncnii virr n cirnrplrric.

.S-a bscrvltcil vottt lcstc nlltrcn;lrt lc nrainrrrltc arilrlri lc: t ltrrtrrl <rcio-cconornic, l i l icrce rr: l igirxrsil,cz. idcnla rural: l rrtr rr[ l1iI). r, irsteclcct6ra-rtrlrri. ntrc ilccstclt , rlt trt t t lsrrro-ccorronricrc olulcsclrl i ; l l . n c,rz.rrlc f irt I ,

pcrsornclcnrai log:rtcnrrrnifcst irrrrcfcrinlc viz. ibilc crrtnr rcprrblicani,:r rcclc crr p<rzil ic ocil lJ nrl i modcsti, Jrcnrrrr crnocrali. )rorcstanli irrclin:rrrsprc rcprrblicirni,n t inrp cc crrr0lici i, prcdcrn<rcra1i.l fcl, pcrsoant: lc lr ckrctt i l t t ttr rnctl irt l rrrl l 5i cxprilt t : t t t rcfcrirrla'u prccrlrlcrc ;Itrc cprrl l l iclni,i lr t inrp cc lrrrritorriorir5clor,: ltrcdcrn<rcmgi.l irst l rrcai; i crt rn ol - t i lcri iprcltrint lrr-i pc clcnrocrll i . rr cci nr:ri rt vi irstd, c rcprrblicirni.

l i irc$rcc:l n cadrrrl lccsror rrcgorii xisri l coscbiri. )c pild;I, incri i pro-tcsti l l l t i r l t t ntrt il trrl irr cpublrcrrrt iccit pr()tcstanli in viirst i i .lr t irrcri i :rtolici

nrrri onrplir:rrtctrrnciclnd intcrvindiscordrnle iconll icce rrtrevrri ' .rbile:c

pilt l : tc,rtolic, ' rrcu statuteconomic oarte un;protestatrt, rr crrstrtrrtsocial

rnri rrrotf st. Apare n acestcaz ceea ce autor ii numescprzsianca nflirtuald,

Lctnrl1lccllrc \/orn rrccrcR i o discutilnrdc sinestl(iltor.

Ar lnrri i rlc rncn;ionar ottrl spccte arcni separdenrncde rcli lrt t t . )acrl

rrtrt l tcc o icntrlrie irnportanlciacestor ari ' lbi lc, e:tclrc exprirni statttstt l

socio-ccorrornicstc cu deoscbirc rclevantl. Pol iticcatc, o l)crsornl exprinrtruccuce cstc cil, n f ' .rpt,n viaplsocirl l .Condil i i lcdc existentr:I ,ozit it l ocirld,

irl):rrtcncnlira rrrr rrrp arr a o clasdm<delcaz;Ir nrrrtrit l psihologic omunl

sau irartc1rIr()l)iin'I,'r.orfucv.traborddri rrruditc, nterPrctrlrigi rlez.lcgrlri sc-

rrlln:Itrrarc.'c :rcest aclgmund xistenlirl comull sau scm:Inltor l l)rrr opliuni

5i oricntrlri olit icesirnil lre.Dupil crrnr bscrvll utori i, ,caracterist ici lcociulc

clcterrrriJ pref 'crinl.r olit icd".

in al dr>ilczrind, indicelede selectivitaterrlt de mcsajclcmijkracelor c

crrmunic'.rrc,n pi irl ' Ide alte ipuri de mesaje, ariarAin uncgiede intensi-

trt tcrt rcrl ispozil icrlxl l i t icc,L)actr vcmdc-l f} t :e rto prcdispozil ic rrtcrnicil,

irr ull i tcrrrrcni, rr rr corrvirrgcrc inc consolirl ' l t i l ,clcct ivit .rtca stc sc\/cri l.

[ ]crsolnusltt tpcrsrxrnclccspcctive turt onrtcl)uI in ,, lt insc" rlc altc rncsajc

dcciit cclc clrc corcspund roprii lor onvingeri.De aceca, i 1;osibil i t lrcu c

schirtrbarc stcnrinim{. Asemcnea)ersoaneesdin campanie rrconvingcreir

cu carearr rrtrat.E,ventual u o convingcre onsolidatJ,n urma pr(&-esuluic

sclct ic : r rcs i r jckrrlc carcarnumint i t .

[)c prcdispoz.igii lcolit icese eagil i problcmastabil it l f i i convingcrikrr.

l)ersoanclc arcau 0lc' I tuit $antionul tudiatau avut doul t iptrride ntanifes-

t: lri: rnele nu 5i-rrrschimbatopinia pe ltarcursul €rcettrri lor.ar altclc 5i-arrschirnba pinirrn diversemodtrri; intre cestel din rrrrnil, nelc arrprel'ertt

r 'cl i l lrrlt rrrt id,ltclc 5i-attrmilnat lcciz. irrintr rr l irgitrrl lrnpnrrici i, n sli irgit ,

t l tc pcrsrr:rrrcrrr ccllra ct ls-rrrdccis rrcirrc rl otcz,e, ar ntr s-arr )r€z.cnti ltl ir vot. n nrocl ircsc, erccti ltori i i-au u:aliz:rttcnti{ asll l)ri l rrbicc; i lor lrc

5i-:rrrchintb:rt pinirr,ncercdnd d

dentif ice rot ivelc;; i ircurnstanlcleccstci

sch nrlxlri.

itr ,.c.r contcxt arrtorii ntrtxluc nogiulrca lc reoricntlre (htnrotxr), cue

rilrlsoirrrl chinrl l: Iri lc e survin ln intcnti i le, x$tcl)t i ' lr i le i c()l l lportamcntil l

pcrsourrclor.' )ste nogittne <lnsidcratrlirndlrnrcntl l l ]entnt ccrce(urcir pi-

rrrci. hci rc(]rientarcl ste marer ttrnci c poatc lcdrrcc d <l;rinix iluc()nt-

port lrtrcnttrl i lrnt nstabile. )acd, irnpotrivtr, rclhccrilc rr cldrul opinici gi

(()r' r)lx)rt irnlcntrrlrrirrnt cdusc, trrncinscanrni d vcm dc-t facc u :lt itrrdini

---------......----

J,lti / tllratisuu/ volttlui

const:rntc. lcrcct:rrc:r r cos i l unrinl l irprrrl : lat itrrdinilc t<rl it icelovcclcsc

l\x(a i I 2.19

LJntrl intre cele mai imlxlnante tezult i l te lc ccrcctrlri i l irst.tccll cC r



stalri l i trtc rcnt;rrculri l : l i. oricrrnr, ri l i l l irrc<leciir c crcdcrr.Srrrrt rai ntrrl l i

{ ircrori arc cxplic. l o' .1\cr)lclrcil ()rlstxnli l :r;rt lrrl le intcrcs,poz.i l i ;r rrcil l i l ,

cotrtrtrf tf cxcrcitat <legrrtp.Aut<lriivorbcscchiirrdc <t t'rairic a stnlilitritii, cl.re

: lrirt i l i l in 1xolylg11yg1crrrrclamcntrlc pinii lc sunt miri stabile, n t irnp cc in

cclc s1'rccil icc lc se adlptcilzd tnti rcl)cdc, n 1'rrnc;ie e circunrstanrc i

cvit lrri lrt rcrsOtr:rlc.

l, t tct: trca c llt l I l lroicctcirzll,lc,. lscnlcncrt,lrrrninl nai clrl ist i\;i rnui rrnrr-

la tJ su l)ra : r lcgcrr lor.srrpra inarrr ic i rnrcrnc l or icJrur ip dc corr l r rrn tarc

clce r>r:rl i l ,sul)ri ll lr)r tcndinlc carssc nlitnilcst i l)c parcursrrl nrriascmcncit

l)r(xics. jcrcctirrc:r ntrcprinsll<lc lt trtoria cvidcnti:rt rci pcrio:r<lr:n t. :rrc

v()t it l l l i t c lccit l grc it tc sJ lcrgl. () prrtc rtcuccst rrcrrrnaintc lc rrcr:Jrcrcrr

t ; t t t r lx t t t ic i ,r l1 i rr rp r i r r t r r: r r tc i, r rs l i rs i t , c i l r r l l irr u l t in t : r) i t r tc : r r r r lp r r r r rc i .(-lcatrtt t t tc lctcrtt t irri l nonlcnt.uln crrc runrcniisc hotlri lsccu cirte ()tcazll i

l)oi fact<rri rincipirli:garlul hr r/e ntera l'.,tl,le prr^*esrrl lcctor..rl iprtsiunilc

itrcrttcig:rl.c' . lr on/it . f a/c a carc srrntsrrpupi. mbii lactorini se pir impor-

t: lnt i. 11i aprlt : I clcvrnlrl 5i pcnrrrrcJ nc ajurd il nc rcl)rcz.ent.Jmai binc in

cc l)r()lxlrl ic )ot f i inf l l lcl)[rte 5i st:hinrb:rtcpinii lcAicomporrarncntclcnrr-()carr tgrerr ici c inc rrrrrnrco ir tc i in f l r rcrr la tst fc l .

lntcresrrl mrnifcstat htd t lc c:rnrpanic re un rol f t): lt tc nlport i lnt n

c()nl[)()rtrnrcrrtrrllcgJrorrrlui.]rr ciit cste nlai ntcrcsat lc llcgcri, cu aretcl

sc t lcci<lcnr:t i lcvrctnc ctt cinc vu voti l.Aproxinrrt ivdorrl trcirrri l intre cci

cilrc lt l tnlrri lcst: lt ln t t l i lrc ntcrcs n lcgiltrrr: l t t 'nrrrlxrnil -trrt lccisnaintc

t lc ltrrlr rrrui, lcci rrrrintc c iltccJrcrca lrrnpanrci roprirr-zisc,n tinrl ' l c lrtat

Plt l in (lc jtrnl: lt i l tc l in cci crrrc rt :rnilcstrrrrn irrtcrc:*icJlutarr rrlt dcciz. i:rnacccrtsi criortrl l . )rrc: l i taliz;trI l atcnlirl rsrrprarlt irlci lrcri l irdc carrrpanici,

l r tcr t rr i lcrp l r :r c l t lc scrnn i f ic : r t ivc:rurn l i )o l ) t in lc in cci c r r r r t c rcs r : r rcsc tlccicl n rrlt irnclcz.i lc, n t irnp cc qlrrrcntrrl stc t lc dorri l rri lri ntrrrc rrrint lt t l cclrlrctt it t tcrcs cllz.ut.n grrrprrl crsoanckrrurc nirnifcst.. lll ir l tcrcs

l)rcgflant. c )()t l ist irlg(: clc,, l i lartcI)rc()cul):rtc"c cvolrrt i lr, c soartu lrnclr-

t l lrt trlrril)rcltrJt. l)c obicci, ' . lccstcl)crsoltrc c rotlrrlsc rintrc lrrrrr-rclc,lcol-

rccc \ '(,rca prol-rrirrlrrrrclicl ltJ rtvingJ.(irat lrrl rlc inrcrescsrc irnl)()rt i lnr i l)cntnr r l)utea dcntil lcagrur/u/ le

ex/)tt t(rcr srrlricc; i lora cirnrpanic, rai alcs a nresrrjcle crl i.r. lci intcrcsir; isrrnt rnaicrrriosi, lut i l si l gt ic,sr aflc, srlcun(xlscil)rrrrctelc vctlcrc dif 'critc.

l ' l i strnt activi5i sunt c()nect. l l i :r Pr.trlcnrclc irmpanici.Dinrpotrivrr, ersox-

trclc ncitt tcrcsit tc ltrltap:rt icc. t itrrdincrror csrc rinccx;;rirnirt i l c rrlsprrnstrl

lrc c'Jrc l t larr5i rlc corclelial)c circ o srrgcrclz: l ccst i lsl)uns:,"rlon' l uou,/m.ause/on'| ran.".

iclcntillcat trei cntegori i de elbctc pc carc calnl)rniaelcctrrrirliic l)()rtte vcil

irslt [ ,rl l ct i l fclt i lor.nlltrcnta )eca]cmesajrrl rcrsuasivranstlt isxit t ntasstlct l i i t

o are rsupra cti[eanului lxratc fi acecilde activare, c irrtilrircsattd<: gnvcr-

t ire. Procentele dmase e distribuie ntrecottvcrt irclr arl i lh 5i reconvcnire.

a) Aili,ann. (lontunicarca politicrlaclivcitd l)Icdispo/.ilii rtctttc tle a r'otit

intr-O rrnttnritrll ireclie,predispozit i i orrn:ttc ' .1trt l)i lrc :t1r:trtcnt:t t1cirr rr

1r'rrr11it. . latcgoric ocirl i l . n ace.tcrz, rlecizia elirrit ivit stc n concrtrrl i trl lr l

crr nrlcxrrlprcdispozil i i lor olit ice.Ormcnii sllnt rtenli l ' . t ;i elcctcitz.: lccle

lncsirje :rreSunt n concordanli l rr plreri lc lor antcrioarc,rrcrtr allbil :rt it

pcntlr comlniclrea brmirl i l , rin canalelenstit trl ionnliz:rtc,it piPetrtrtr nntt-

rriclrca nlorrrrirl i l ,n fanril ie arrntreprieteni.Srrb rnp'.rctrt lt tcsajclot)ctst lrl-

sivc, nrl ivirlrrl evinccon$tient c o op;irrne ltent{ .

ll fnulina (ninlonnrcnt). Mai mtrlt de jrrmiltatcdintre cci intcrvievrli sc

hotrlraser, l lcja a inceputul campaniei,atttnci cend a inccl)lt t ccrccrarcit

Acegtia u i^t iau igur ineva primi nvestit t tra in paneaPart idului, ar nten-

lionarrsd v()tcz.e cntru un partid antlmer ndil'ercnt de persoana esenlnati\.

De accea, lirectori i e campanie rehtt iedoarstr e ofcrc argtlmcntepcntrt l

ir-giPilstra p;iunea nil iali, motive pcntrt l t crcde cil i l t l drcl)trte, "J 9i rlrc

pcrsoane rraceleagi pt iuni. Dacdnrr ert$escc€st ucru,pcrs<tancleotrlritc

se pot transforman persoane T.itanfe,ru, nt:rimrrlt , n l)crsoirnc ltreulrt t t-

doneaz.trpliunea nil iale.Decizii le ttate ncd tle la nceprrtrt l anlprnicise

cristaliz.cazl/consolideazJrintr-o sclectie )crmcnentil, partiT.anil, tttcsujclor

massn)cdi. l.

r) ()onueflina, Nrrnrai 87o dintre cci sttprtgiccrcctilrii rttt nrnttiltstlt ttn

astlcl (le collt l 'xrrt intcnt.lonvert ircapoatesJ ibil l trcd<lrtrtr ritrt lt t l grcrsoit-

nclor rl cl lror ntcrespcntru alegcriestc mic 5i carese l l lrl srrbo l.rrcsit lt l t :

corrf l ictrrrrlJ.iradtrldc ldcrcnli l lr progrlnrrrl rrrrilxrt id i^irr ll lntt ic;t t t t l i t l i t t

cstc tnic.nrr r r intcrcsepersonrlcpentrtt srrsf irlc i<lcc att t pcrsollt t i l .ll l

arr eg:lturistrinse cu nici trn paft id $i'sc

af]rl ntr<r lxrg:rtd c: lca lc rclxlrlsot: ialc. urnlrul lor scudcde-l ltrngtrl xnrl)inici,Pe milst lr: l c ntt tr l i 'ntr-

menele dc ,tct ivare ide consolidare.e malsttr: l:e re$te ntcrcstt l,lr cotltrr-

dict i i le nterncprovocate e presiuneancrttcis:rt itutrt czolvate.lci ctrvcdcri

l)art izane cord{cer mai mareatentiemesaielor ropagandist icc,st lt l i t l( ' i t ,

in ternrelriabsoluli, cestemesaje jtrng la persorncle el ntai )t l l in pr()lxrl)i l

de a fi convertite.l'otodatl,

cei care acortli rtenlic mesajelor lin clntp:rrric

t ind srl c sclc<:tczeoarpe ccle catecorespttnd rol)ri i lor cderi )art izrtrrc.

l)c misurtrce se desfi l$urauntcrvirrri len cadrrrl crcctiri i lrn t l istrictrrl

l . ,ric.dcveneadin ce n cc mai cvident cl exist: lu tnclcsttrsc lt : nf ' l trerrtrl.lc

J.l i l , l lauti. t tut l tott lui

l)rcsil lnc tsttJtrllccizici lc v<lt arcnu lirscscrill)revllzrrtc;datare,ttr trsescril

I t t ; t tc n scrt lrt : ltt proicctrrrcatnchctckrr i r ntcrvirrri lor. nchctat()ri i lcsco-

l)crcatt I cci rrtcrvicvll igrritrrcscrnilrc )irtc din irrl ixrrr' .r1iilc la' .rl1i)i lrncni.

[)iscrrl i i lc irt : tn [rlrt cl)rczcnrilrr)suri-I c infrrrrn:t1iicl pulin la cldc intpor-

l'uUata | /41

: r i r , i s tc rrp t rr lc i , l c - r rt tngrt l ne i ampitn i i ,o ta t l { i i ev i l l l n rrr tcao l i t icd c

( r r rc ) L: r ropr i i lc rcr l ispoz, i l i i .n f c l t r l ccst rr ,nd ircct , r in n tcrnrct l i r r ll ) l ) ,

prrrririt . lc5i rct tpcrcrtz.: lc durltr catt l l): lnici rollrirrlclcct()rlt t . )irt lprrri lc

rcrrlc lc p' lrt ide'. l l l cl iott i l t no forl ' tr l f lgnctici l, trigitr(l



tdnt;1, rrcil ru nlri lx)Axtil cclc rtdirlrrl5i prcsrscris:I. llnd sc )unel inrrclxtrcn

cc sursc rrrc()nsult i l t cccnt n lcgltrrrd rr companirelcctorald, onversali i le

l)c ternc polit icc cnlu tncnlion:rtcmli dcs dcclt rldioul sau l)rcsilscris: l".( lcrcc:trltori it t t lcvcnitc('n$ticnli lc nrportanlaccstrri cnonrcnsi ru :rt lulrt lt

o l ) i l r tc l i r t r t t rc l> i t r r lcr t tcrv i rr l r r i)cntnr r cst rrncl i ls iv tccst 'cno l l tc l r .. i ( )n-

elrrziit :.r 'ottrl stc rr rnorlcscnli l l o cxpcricnli ldc grrrl>".[)c f :rpt,aici rlcntif lclnl tn: lrcir csc<rpcrircilcutdde c:Itrc ,az:rrst 'clt li

colirlxrrrrtori iri. l)irrl atrrnci c considcrl c{ hrcrl iaarr nflrrcnlahot: lritoare

ils(rl)f irPcrsoirrrci. ct i ln s-a cvit lcnliat cil n nrodclarc:r Pinii lor. nclrrsiv ntnrx.fcfrc:r ()nt lx)rt i lncntrrlrrilc vtx,nlul t .rzrl inl sk dil inrl l t rzltngup.l)c

: r l t lc l , r rra in t rc rnrb i l i i lc crcct ; I ror i lo rr . r ccci l lc r idcrr t i f ic l ch irnb: t r i lc

itrtcrvcrritc rrlr rrf lrrcnla nij lo:rcclorc comunicarc. rczrrlt lrt l lcscqpcrirc

plrarloxrrl i):urs:r rirrcipal:t c inf lrrcnllrc sc si(rrl rrlrrrlrdcv..rin intcrierrrlgrttptt ltri. Jorcspttt tzrltor,olul rnij loacclorlc corntrrric:rrcr fost rcl)()rr(lcri lt .

l,,xistl aici, n f<rn<|.kruJ dcscopcriri: nlu/ t.snyir/nl grpului si tvlu/ linitat al

I trv.rt i. ;l usistJrrr)ulitr sul)r:r icc: lrcirtl irrtrc lc .

l )crr t r t r t r tor i irncrrc: rn i ,x is t i l : rnsco lr tc rrrar i aorrnrcn i icarcl l rccsc

()i l r: lrcscrrrprcun:l l |u : lrc 5ipctrcc inrprrl rtrer mpreundsilvotczeaceiagicanrlidali.Douil t ipurrdc argrrnrcntc unt. dusc n sprij inul acestei potezc.

l)rintul: .omogcnitatcitrl i t ic.J"a nruhorgrrrpuri, um ar fi organiz_ali i leeli.g io lsc, l r rb r r r i l c l c porr i l tc st r t rct rrr insr i tu l ional izatc.l do i lca: crsoa-

rrcle rr anrrrnitc aractcnsticiornrrl lc u silnse rraimari sdaparlintr cclorir5igrttPuri.Olrncrri i sc rproPicntrc ci po t:rz.:rtccstor tractcrisrici. ci in vilrst: lsc silnt rnlri rproll i lr l i . lc <:rsrxrrtclcin :rccc;r5icncr: l l ic, rl ircurn i lcri i srrrrtrrtai rpropirl i ot dc t it tcri. lclc rn:ri tri insc rrntirctec strbilcsc ntrc pcrsoanc

carc rl)url in rcclrri lSicgnrcnt o,cil l .

ln intcrlrrct,rrcntri l ,azrrsl 'elt l,ucrtrri lc u se ()prcsc rici. lt f lrrernla nr-prrlrri rtrsc cxprirnil loar n l lrl l t trlci l lrcrsrxrnclcafc rnunccsc5i trJicsc tn -

l)rcun-.I' ()r ot i lcrrnlrrc yrrolxrbil i t irtccciapi andidali. )c m:lsuril e crnrpania

sc dcrrrfc'.rz:I, a inthrcc iu'l pr()ccs<leonogrnixtr lol nrti ntn a inrefliilor rleutl

ltratrv lr nnnifr-ehlrntlrii grttltului.'l'cndinrt, sprrrr rrtorii, stc probltrl srrrristic.intrc ttt ;ri$i octottrlrric, i l t :r <Jrrr:rtlrnrPuniirl in 19,10,rrrrnlrul lc ltcrstxrnccatc vcr l t t i r t tc t t t ic c vot l l la t i ln cont rrrr l ic ; icu propr i rr l l ) l ) a sclrr t t on -sidcrll; i l ; rr cclc lrrr rrrnrl, lc ru votr( crrpxrt idctcaflrrten :rcord rr nrlcxrrlprcclispozil i i loror polit icc. ):rcJ tr'crnrr vcdcrc uptrrl :I nrrnri lrrrl,otall i lor

clre i; ; ischinrb:l art idtrl u csrcnr:rrc, i l iclc nu suntspcctircrrloasc.nrpgrtant

polit ic:c cclc doild

sprc clc pcrso:.tpclctr rcclca5i edcri ;i rcspingiindrt-lc)c xcclcllct l l)l lr lcte

rlc vctlcrc cli lcrite. n fclul ucesta,icctregrttp levinc incct, dar sigrrr nrl i

olnogclr t t tcrtncnii opinici 1; i onrlx)rt irlr)cntrrltriolit ic.

l)rrrrl ,rtzrrrslclt licolnlrrrratori idinrrf<rstprcrrttp:t1it : it lcntif iclrc.t t t t t ' t rz-

tritrt tr ' lorrin :rlt :grrrprrri lerrt lcl l l irrcscccst ol, rlcnf ()rlArl(l:l problctt lrttrc:

ncvoic rlc ccrcctlri si rlczvoltrtri l tcriorrrc.l)rit trtrl t tccrttristtrcnttr' . t l l t c nttt<rri ste lcl lrczcn(:tt dc cxistct l l l l $i

rrct ivit irtcrrir/rt ihr /r opiuh.Cctcettrtori irr intro<lrtstt tcestrl tcrtzictn ttott

lcrtncn, (i lr( ' \ ' r l f ircccaricr:In cercctarcs tltcrio:tri lt c<ltnrtt t ic: iri ilc nrits: l.

I ,rrz.rrrrlclrl( 'clnto: l ltc'rl lutoreirzilccstcon('cl)t l iscrrt i i lor)c crlrc c-rt t t trc-

r i r r r r r r r , l r lu rrr l , . Jcrnrrvs,orrs i r lcrr t tl r in tc lc cLrt i i lo r rrh l iccr rArncr ic: r .

l l t : r r r r rs . rr o r r l l r r r r : rlccst ucru, n t r-un i l l in t rc c: I r l i lc a lc t t t to [ r i t rgr l t f icc,

: r t l l r rA irr t l t c l . l r inc l rr t l l r r ,fi corr t l r r i rsco l iur lcr l l t t l l l cc t ' i t isc l t r tca t l r

l . i lrgrnr:rrrrr' i l / ' / i .Opii l ior, lriurdtcil l , ippttrlrt tn lt l i) l()\ isc ccst tc(t\ lcn.

l , r t lcr i i lc op ir t ic t t t t t c l in i t i l rcpt lcrso lnclc e lc t tur i tc t ivc ' l lcgrt t -

Drr l r r i ,' c lc rrrr ic r rs i l r i l ci r l ; l l c n tcrcsclc orr t t t r rci< 'c lc t r ; t ir rcrrct tP l t tcr l -5 i

crPrrrrrc1rrructclc c vctlcre n problcnrcde itrtcrcs rt: t igcncrit l. lercct:trcrt

irrtrclrrirrsrl:rclcviltc{ prirna trnclica l iderilor le oPirt icestc cca de nulierc

intre rrr:rss rcrl irr iceilalt i nernbri rigrrrprrltri.)inI attrncicrr larg tcceptnti l

i lrrrtczrr ri ndivizii prinresc nlbrrnati i le inrl <lc ir nri j lorrcele pecil l izatc.

(lcrcctrrrcursul)r'Jrnrplnici prez.identi;rle' . t tncricltnctirr 9'1(l 'J clc\".I trt l lt

trirscu lc circrrlalic r nfrrrnra;ici,ornplctncgli j:rt : iniIntrtncil rl: l i lr l l t i l t ' i l ,

i r r 1 i t ' r r< ' r : r l ,i t lcr i i lc o ; l in ic cord i lnr i r re r tcn l ic n : tss r c<l i r t ,' i Is t t t t t r t t t l tc

t: lztrri lc ' irrrrl t lci lc urg tlc lrr rrdio i l in prcs:r crisi l l trc l i t lcri i dc opirricsi

; r l r i r rpo i l t r c scgnlcr ' r te lct r i l )u l in rct ivc r le poprr l : r1 ic i .)c i rrra i nrr l l i

r r rc r r l r r i r ig r r rp r r l r r ir i rncscnlornrrr l i i rl in l isct r l i i le i contactc lc c t ' : t rc c

: r r r r r ri t lcr i i lc op irrrci g r r rp r r l r r i ,)cc i t rascrr ln forrr ta l ic i c cot t tp t t t tel i t t

tkr t r tc tupcpr i rrc i l r r lc :c l r r n i j lo rcclc c cotnt tn ic l rcl l i t l c r i i l c op in ic ;i l c

lrr rt :cpti ' ra rncrnbrii rrr pului raiPrrI in nteresagie Problernele)rt l)l icc. $x

rr ll)Irut tcoril cclor r/oi qn,siai /uxnlui dr infonnalii, ctre vrt rllilrcil notlrl

prrr' .r<|igrrl l lrr sttrt l irrI omuniciri i le rnas?|.

(lcl t lc-:rf loilcnntccart isnrstc tt trnt it<lc rrtori , , lp:rri1i" s' ,vr,,rt i.rla/ i '

vttrt" opirt it i . rr c:rdrtrl rupulrri,prrtenr rrt l lni rrpinii birtc xrt ictt lntc, l ' rr$i

scntinlc:nt.crrgi rnprlrt lgitcl nivclrrlntembrilor. i l la de grtrl)cstc nr:ri nri i

clc orrte rrr istcrrrlc intcrlcl irrni ecipr<rcc. dirr:rrrric:Ixtntorrl irtrtri llc <rtt-

trlctc.c()rrcxirlrri,isctrt i i , orrl l icte, ntcrprctrlri tc. Vixta intcrtri l grt lptt lt t t

J42 / tllctrtui.rnr/ tntului

j r x r c l l o l t t l l )c ( : u r c c : r r n l l i r r r i cl j oec l lP c r r t r r r l l i r r i i l < : x i s tcntc : Pc c c l c P t r t c r -

l'o'rlakt | 24-l

rni l rc i l t , t r t r e tr ic i o i rrdoial i , t lc spir i t t r l Prl l l { lnl ( ic 5i ertrpi r i r : rl cPoci i ' i r t l torl l l



rt icc lc cottsol t t le:rrzI , c cclc nt:r i s l l l lc, pc cclc v:r1' , i i r : rrcl i i r tc crl l r t r l sd lc

t r ans l i r r r t r c r r op i r r r iu l l : l t c r r r c o ru l u v r r l o r i l c r r r p r r l r r rcs l )c ( ' t i v .

i n t r - , , c , , n r1 ran i c .r g t c p t i t r i l c l c c t o r : r t r r l r rin l c g i l t r r r r l u l ) i r r t i ( l l r l a t t i t n ( l r -

d:rtrt l curc unl)ca;4l sI ci i5t igc rcl )rczint i l ccl mai cl isctrul t ul ) icct. Ai ;1,ccl 1tu1in,

s p r r r r ez . r r l t r tc l c c rcc t r l r i i . \ 9 t e t ; l r i l c r r r c g i s t r c az : li c l c O c v o l r r l i c . ) c p i k l r t ,

i t r : r i n t c < l c r r on r r r r : r l i z u r caln< l r t l ; r1 i l o r , t r< : i l ne l i r r t r c r r l r i cc l i 5 i - : r r r x p r i r r r u t

op t t t r l p r i v i t o ; t r c : l c i nc l ; t c l s t i l l : t r r l c l i c r i l c . ) t rp l l cc r r r n l r i i : r n r l i , l l t i r r r ' os t

c l l r r ( ) s e l r l r ,l ) to l ) t ) t l i i l c r s o : r nc l o r r r c tU av c ; ru i t f t c l ) t l t rc i t < l cc i t c o r ) t U r i t t I

: l scl lut l l r t t rr sfcrt 5i lr r i i r t t i rs onst l lntr l pc r l t t r : rt l r iul lpt lnlct .

l ; l rrctrrrr; i , rl )c ci rrc () lx)t i t )re, l istrx: t f tc l )t l lnlc cstc mrt i rnl rrc dcci t cca I

intcrr ic i c lc vot propri rr-zisc. l l t : rrv:rr(rr l rurt l rrrnt ' rrt l l t r cr istrr l iz. l rcrt 'J$tcl )t i l -

r i l o r l r c l r r c z i n ( i l ( ) t n ( c r c : i r r l . )c l t i k l r t , r r c rn t r r i ii c c r l r t r il ) : r r t i d : r r c r r n t c n ; r r

dc vot l rrccisc \()r uvci l 5i rrptcpt i l r i c lurc i rr lcgrl trrrd u ci i l r i l { i t rca lcgcri lor t lc

cl trc 1lro1;r i rr l ln< l i r iat , : r \acul l l pcrs<xrrrclc l rrc r l r iut intcnt i i dc vot <: l : rrc or

f i grrr l i rr ntcrcsrrtc sri -pi ornrcz.c o opinic i rr lcgrl trrr i lcu cist igri ront l . (- l rr ci t

intcrcsrrl c:rtc rnrr i ntarc, cu : l t . i i t c l t t . i i t dintrc agtcptarc $i intcnt. i i r dc vot cste

l na i s t r i r l s l .

l )c : r r r s a r rb l r r" o r l r i nd , r r r l l r r c r r g i r$ t c l ) t r r i i r s r r p r i rr r r c n ; i c i < lc v o t c s t ccott tpl icutr l fr grcrr r lc dcsci{ i i r t . l )rrr uccirst l i rr l l rrctr l r l cxi \ t r l : ; l$tcl )t : l r i lc crr

priv i rc l rr c i l rc v:r cipt i { i r inl )uen[ci l , / .J votul cfcct i r, . Arrtori i atr cxl) l icat acest

lbno lncr r i n d i l c l tc l ' c l r r r i : t i r i l e l cs l l rc sansc lc rn r r i and i d : r ts a r ra l r r r ldc a

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nu att str l ic icnt crrr:r j s. l -gi expri rnc rjcschis inten; i l t lc vot; li sc prrre nr r i

l rrt t t lctrt sJ l ) l rnrl rot l l r i rc: t l )c sc: l lni l tnci rrStcpt: l r ilg; l r lc c:rrrt l i r l l rrr l cspcct i r, .

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rirf crc" llutur/ttztgot tflut1.

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ccca cc rt t tsertscrt rcl l izrt tc drrlbi l i l . l . ,v idcnf iercrt ol rr l rr i pol i t ic ul grrrpulrr i ,

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uiz.iuni rnnl>lt r/i[ntle le.rltrc tureu/ iufttrnnli ' , ciltre l)crsoilnclc prrrticrrlare, narr-

gt l rtrci t t t t tc i t t r t i pi trrt l igt t tc conrttnicl l iot t l lc sttrrt lcscr4rcri r ic l rrc i vor usigrrr l

l r t i Laz : r rs l c l< l t n l r r c l c l i r r n t c i r t i s t o r i : r o r r r t t n i c r l r i i .; i rcs tc c : I , r r r nP unc rc r

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priori t rtc i r. nici dc inrportanta (le astt l7. i .

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pol i t ic{. I : t r ccea cc cstc cl :rsic nrt cste (lc l ) i ls i t . Anl atragc rt( lnl i i l ' i t t i tccst

c ; r t l r r r , s r r p r ; rr n r r i i r p t n )e l t t i on i t t l c l U t r r r i , )c c i r tc l i r c c t ( ) r i i c c l t l l l t l t t t i c st

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r r r i c i l cc i t sc I i r t r l l l r i l e n in ten l i i l c de y 6 t t r r c l l t i l v l l t l t x ' i r t c t ' i t r c r r r r r i i

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r lgxz este ofcri r ( lc intreag' .r urat i i a mandttuhl i unei adnrinistral i i .

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Paul Lazarsfeld - Mecanismul votului.PDF

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