Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie Nr 50 2007

BACKLucrri tiinifice - vol. 50 seria Zootehnie

CUPRINS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Z001 A.T. BOGDAN, I.M. POP - Biodiversity of the zootechnical 1.

ecosystems on national, regional and worldwide levels Biodiversitatea ecosistemelor zootehnice la nivel naional, zonal i mondial......................................................................................................... 3Z0022. V. POP, Cecilia POP - Lasting development a contemporary world

imperative Dezvoltarea durabil - imperativ al lumii contemporane............................................................................................. 16

Z0033. E. ICU, T. ROBU, I. GLC, C-TIN DUBIT - Developing

expectations a rural area of European found for agriculture and rural development Perspective de dezvoltare a spaiului rural prin fondul european pentru agricultur i dezvoltare rural ..................................................................................................................... 28 .

Z0044. T. ROBU, E. ICU, I. GLC - Perspective of rural area

development by European fonds for agriculture and rural development Perspectiva dezvoltarii zonei rurale prin utilizarea fondurilor Europene................................................................................... 42 security assurance Investiiile Grupului de Firme Kosarom pentru securitatea produselor ............................................................................... 49

Z0055. L.E. POPOVICI - Kosarom Companies Group investments for products

Z0066. GH. HRINC, M. GROZA, Elena FECIORU, I. CHIORESCU -

Immunoserological methods for detecting the blood group factors in sheep Metode imunoserologice pentru detectarea factorilor de grup sanguine la ovine ............................................................................. 52 RUSU, Roxana LAZR - Aspects of the endocrino-metabolic adaptation, related to the bovine meat yield Aspecte ale adaptrii endocrino-metabolice legate de realizarea produciei de carne la taurine ........................................................................................................ 60- 809 -

Z0077. P.C. BOITEANU, Iolanda MRGRINT, Cristina G. RADU-

Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

Z0088. Monica BODEA, D. PAMFIL, R. SESTRA, Bianca PTRACU,

Ioana PETRICELE, Rodica POP, Iulia Francesca POP - Use molecular markers for revealing apple F1 hybrids monogenic resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) Utilizarea markerilor moleculari pentru evidenierea rezistenei monogenice la rapn (Venturia inaequalis) a unor hibrizi F1 de mr ......................................... 71

Z0099.

C. LEONTE, Doina LEONTE - Aspects concerning the correspondence between concrete marc concrete class-new concrete class. New cement based products for constructions (PORIMENTL) Aspecte privind corespondena marc betonclas beton - clas nou beton. Produse noi pe baz de ciment utilizate n construcii (PORIMENT L) .................................................... 78 Modelarea matematic n epidemiologie ................................................... 83 aspects of some organs in the locomotors apparatus of the brown breed young livestock Aspecte morfologice la nivelul unor organe ale aparatului locomotor, la tineretul taurin din rasa Brun .................... 91

Z010 10. IL. BURDUJAN - Mathematical models in epidemiology

11. Z011 V. TEUAN, Anca TEUAN, R.M. RADU-RUSU - Morphological

12. Z012 V. TEUAN, R.M. RADU-RUSU, Anca TEUAN - Researches

concerning the thickness, the density and the shape of the muscular fibres from the ilio-spinalis muscles of the brown livestock young males Cercetri privind grosimea, densitatea i profilul fibrelor musculare din muchiul ilio-spinal, la tineretul taurin de sex mascul, din rasa Brun............................................................................................ 99

13. Z013

R.M. RADU-RUSU, V. TEUAN, I. VACARU-OPRI Comparative researches concerning some histometric features of the miocytes in somatic musculature of the domestic chicken and waterfowl (II). Wing and thigh muscles Cercetri comparative privind unii indicatori histometrici ai miocitelor din musculatura somatic a galinaceelor i palmipedelor domestice (II). Muchii aripii i ai coapsei.................................................................................... 107 researches concerning some histometric features of the miocytes in somatic musculature of the domestic chicken and waterfowl (I). Pectoral muscles Cercetri comparative privind unii indicatori histometrici ai miocitelor din musculatura somatic a galinaceelor i palmipedelor domestice (I). Muchii pectorali ........................................ 115- 810 -

14. Z014 R.M. RADU-RUSU, V. TEUAN, Anca TEUAN - Comparative

Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 50 seria Zootehnie

Z015 Ioana PETRICELE, D. PAMFIL, Daniela DONESCU, GH. 15.

OLTEANU, Maria IANOI, K. KOVCS - The vegetation interruption for the seed potato in accordance with the maximal flight of the aphids and the seed fraction accumulation ntreruperea vegetaiei la cartoful pentru smn n funcie de zborul maxim al afidelor i acumularea fraciei de smn.............................................. 121

Z016 V. CRCIUN, O. BLAN - Strategies for use biomass, a necessity for 16.

the Romanian economy Strategii pentru utilizarea biomasei, necesitate pentru dezvoltarea economic a Romniei ............................ 127Z017 Elena COSTCHESCU, Alexandrina DIAC - Research concerning 17.

the use of chemotherapy (furazolidona) in the minks youth alimentation Observaii privind utilizarea chimioterapicelor (furazolidona) n alimentaia tineretului de nurc................................... 134 - The assesment of grazing influence on genetic variability in two gentiana species Evaluarea influenei pascutului asupra variabilitii genetice a dou specii de gentiana .................................... 138 MGDICI - Evaluation of two organic varroa treatments at the honey bee Aprecierea a dou tratamente organice de combatere a varroozei albinei melifere ........................................................................ 143

Z018 P. RAICA, D. PAMFIL, C. BOTEZ, Marina Ioana GABOREANU 18.

Z019 Valentina CEBOTARI, IU MOOI, V. DERJANSCHI, Maria 19.

20. Z020 Rodica CPRI, A. CPRI - The accuracy of refractometric

measurements of plasma total protein in different animal species Precizia metodei refractometrice de determinare a proteinemiei plasmatice la diferite specii de animale................................................... 148 between whole-blood and serum glucose concentrations in monogastric animals Studiu comparativ asupra glicemiei sanguine i serice la animale monogastrice ............................................................ 152

21. Z021 Rodica CPRI, A. CPRI, H. SRNDAN - Comparison

Z022 L. BLENDEA - Mutations and tendecies in the agriculture from the 22.

mountain area of Brasov county Mutaii i tendine n agricultura zonei montane a judeului Braov ............................................................ 156

23. Z023 L. BLENDEA, T. BREZULEANU - Animal production in the

context of Brasov county agriculture Producia animal n contextul agriculturii din judeul Braov ................................................. 161- 811 -


Z024 Mihaela IVANCIA - The phenotypical correlations between somatic 24.

cell count and principals characters of cow milk production for Cmpulung Moldovenesc area Corelaii fenotipice stabilite ntre coninutul n celule somatice i principalele caractere ale produciei de lapte de vac pentru zona Cmpulung Moldovenesc ........................... 167 R.F. POP, V. CIGHI - Milk proteins polymorphism in Romanian cattle breeds, identified by isoelectric focusing technique (IEF) Polimorfismul proteinelor din lapte la rasele de taurine din Romania, determinat prin tehnica de focalizare izoelectrica (IEF)......... 173

Z025 V.A. BALTEANU, A. VLAIC, Anda Raluca RUSU, S. CREANG, 25.

26. Z026 P. COROI, Katona TIMEA - The influence of the external and

internal factors on the results of the superovulatory treatment in cattle Influena factorilor externi i interni asupra rezultatelor tratamentului poliovulator la vaci............................................................ 182

27. Z027 P. COROI, L. SASCA - The ovarian response to the superovulatory

treatment in cattle from Blat Romneasc breed Rspunsul ovarului la tratamentul poliovulator la vacile din rasa Blat Romneasc ............................................................................................. 188 GYRKS, GUSZTV, VATTAMNY - Improvement of production level in an old Hungarian swine variety crossing by recent boars .............................................................................................. 192

28. ISTVN, FORG, LSZL, TCSY, ISTVN,, ISTVN, Z028

29. Z029 Viorica COIER, A. VLAIC, S. DRBAN, T. OROIAN, V.

CIGHI - Marker assisted selection (MAS) for traits concerning milk quantity and quality in Romanian Simmental cattle Selecia asistat de markeri moleculari (MAS) pentru cantitatea i calitatea produciei de lapte la rasa Blat Romneasc ..................................... 199

Z030 Margareta Mihilescu, I. NISTOR, V. UJIC, V. MACIUC, Rodica 30.

DNIL - Parameters of the program for genetical amelioration and managemnt of cows from Brown swiss breed, in Moldova region 2005-2010 Parametrii programului de ameliorare genetic i managementul taurinelor de ras Brun din zona Moldovei pentru perioada 2005 2010 .............................................................................. 203

31. Z031 M. GROZA, GH. HRINC, Elena FECIORU, I. CHIORESCU,

GH. BRDAN - Genetic management in small populations Managementul genetic n populaiile mici ............................................... 211- 812 -


Z032 N. BUCTARU, F. PRICOP, GH. BRLDEAN - Study of some 32.

genetic parameters of various hens populations Studierea unor parametri genetici la diverse populaii de gini ...................................... 217 investigation on the photo stimulation influence on the oviduct tissues in hens Investigatii histologice privind modul de actiune a fotostimularii asupra structurii histologice la nivelul oviductului de gaina......................................................................................................... 221 cock semen quality Cercetri privind calitatea materialului seminal la coco ....................................................................................... 227 POP, A. POP, T. CREANG, M. PNTEA, I. MOROANU The results regarding the poliovulation response at different hormonal products to steppe grey cows Rezultate privind rspunsul poliovulator cu diferite produse hormonale la vacile sur de step..................................................................................................... 231

33. Z033 Daniela LADOSI, I. LADOSI, S.N. POP, Z. MARCHIS - Histology

34. Z034 G. NACU, D. TNASE, Mihaela IVANCIA - Researches regarding

Z035 Elena RUGINOSU, G. TOB, Mariana SOFRONIE, Adrieana 35.

Z036 L. STNCESCU - The influence of age of genitors on gender 36.

distribution at Merinos of Palas lambs Influena vrstei reproductorilor asupra repartiiei pe sexe la mieii din rasa Merinos de Palas.................................................................................................... 235Z037 37. Anca DASCL, V. CIORNEI - Aspects of sheep artificial

insemination and some hers influence factors Aspecte ale nsmnrii artificiale la ovine i ale anumitor factori de influen ai acesteia................................................................................................. 242 38. Z038 M. PARASCHIVESCU, Ioana NICOLAE - Analysis schedule for fertilizing ability of semen evaluation Schem de analiz pentru aprecierea potenialului de fecundare a materialului seminal ................ 249

Z039 M. PARASCHIVESCU - Biodiversity in farm animals: sources, using, 39.

conservation Biodiversitatea zootehnic: surse, utilizare, conservare ................................................................................................ 257

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Z040 D. DRONCA - Estimation of genetic variation and environmental 40.

variation rates from phenotype variation in an Oryctolagus cunicullus hybreed population regarding prolificacy Estimarea proporiei varianei genetice i a varianei de mediu general din variana fenotipic la un efectiv de hibrizi de Oryctolagus cunicullus, pentru prolificitate ................................................................................... 268 TOPOLEANU, Andreea ANGHEL - Haematological and biochemical parameters obtained subsequent to the passive immunization of sheep with antiadipose serum Parametrii hematologici i biochimici obinui n urma imunizrii pasive a ovinelor cu ser antiadipos ........................................................................ 271

Z041 Simona GHI, Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Elena SOGORESCU, Irina 41.

Z042 Dorina NADOLU, Andreea Hortanse ANGHEL - The influence of 42.

the photo-periodic variations upon the rams sexual activity Influena variaiilor fotoperiodice asupra activitii sexuale a berbecilor ................................................................................................. 277

Z043 Elena SOGORESCU, Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Simona GHITA, Irina 43.

TOPOLEANU, Dorina NADOLU, Andreea ANGHEL - The biochemical and cytological characteristics of the production in vitro of sheep embryos Caracteristici biochimice i citologice ale producei de embrioni de oaie in vitro................................................. 281 Recovery rate of oocytes using follicular puncture by different techniques on goats Rata recuperrii oocitelor utiliznd puncia folicular prin diferite tehnici la capre.................................................... 286

Z044 Irina TOPOLEANU, Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Elena OGORESCU 44.

Z045 D. DRONCA, N.PCAL, I. BENCSIK, T. VINTIL, I. PE, 45.

Marioara NICULA, Liliana COSMA - Analyisis of abbatoir characteristics in a population of Transylvanian Naked Neck poultry Analiza caracterelor de abatorizare la un efectiv de gini din rasa Gt Gola de Transilvania ....................................................................... 292Z046 Angela STOICA, Paula POAN, P. TPLOAG - Observations 46.

regarding the microbial flora in boar sperm Observaii privind ncrctura microbian a spermei de vier ............................................... 295

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Z047 Elena FECIORU - Genetic progress spreading and inbreeding 47.

decrease by artificial insemination utilization in the Botoani Karakul sheep Difuzarea progresului genetic i diminuarea consanguinizrii prin utilizarea nsmnrilor artificiale la ovinele Karakul de Botoani................................................................................. 300 Ada TELEA - The assess of the genetic structure for -lactoglobulin gene (LGB) at h-f cows and the gene polymorphism impact on milk quality and production Stabilirea structurii genetice la o populaie de vaci h-f pentru gena b-lactoglobulina (LGB) si impactul polimorfismului genei asupra produciei i a calitii laptelui ................ 306

48. Z048 I. BENCSIK, N. PACAL, Jana STANCULE, Alena BENCSIK,

Z049 Ioana NICOLAE - C-banding studies in Capra hircus L. chromosomes 49.

Studiul heterocromatinei constitutive la cromozomii de capr (Capra hircus L.)...................................................................................... 310

50. Z050

Elena Popescu-MICLOANU, L. IONI, I. CUSTUR, Minodora TUDORACHE, Cristina NEGRE - Study about the possibility of phase feeding of the young quails from a egss-meat mixt population Studiu privind posibilitatea furajrii faziale a tineretului de prepeli dintr-o populaie mixt de ou-carne................. 315 bioaccumulation medium for organochlorine pesticides and the impact on the human health Laptele de vac ca mediu de bioacumulare pentru pesticidele organoclorurate i impactul asupra sntii umane ........................................................................................ 321

Z051 C.I. WEBER, GH. MUREAN, B. GEROGESCU - The cow milk as 51.

Z052 52. Elena COSTCHESCU, G. HOHA, Alexandrina DIAC -

Consideration concerning the animals sleep Consideraii privind somnul la animale .................................................................................... 329 lipid absorption improver, used in broilers feeding Cercetri privind efectul productiv al unui ameliorator al absorbie lipidelor la puii broiler de gin................................................................................. 332 tree leaf by silken larva, depending on type Eficiena utilizrii substanelor nutritive din frunza de dud de ctre larvele de mtase, n funcie de soi ........................................................................................ 338- 815 -

Z053 I.M. POP, D. SIMEANU - Researches on the productive effect of a 53.

Z054 M. DOLI - The efficiency of utilization of sustenance from mulberry 54.


Z055 M. DOLI, ST. LAZR, D. SIMEANU, Roxana STNESCU - The 55.

efficiency of utilization of sustenance from mulberry tree leaf by silken larva, depending on their hybrid Eficiena utilizrii substanelor nutritive din frunza de dud de ctre larvele de mtase, n funcie de hibridul acestora ................................................................. 343Z056 56. Maria CORDUNEANU, Maria UNGUREANU - Influence of

protean and power level of ration about production and reproduction at sheep mother Influena nivelului proteic i energetic al raiei asupra produciilor i reproduciei la oile mame .................................... 347 the compound feeds for poultry Incidenta speciilor de Fusarium si a fusariotoxinelor in nutreturile combinate pentru psri....................... 353 preserved by different methods in fattening steer feeding Eficiena utilizrii unor raii pe baz de lucern conservat prin diferite metode la turaii la ngrat .................................................................. 359 supplementation on egg quality and laying hens performance Efectele utilizrii aditivilor furajeri de tip probiotic i prebiotic asupra calitii oulor i a performanelor ginilor outoare ................ 364 factor for the animals and human health Poluarea nutreurilor ca factor de risc asupra sntii animalelor i omului ............................... 371

Z057 Cristina TABUC - Incidence of Fusarium species and of their toxins in 57.

58. Z058 IL. VOICU, Dorica VOICU - Efficiency of using dietary alfalfa

59. Z059 Cristina RADU-RUSU, I.M. POP - Effects of probiotic and prebiotic

Z060 Irina ISAC, I.M. POP, A. GRUBER - Fodderss pollution as a risk 60.

Z061 Cristina IONESCU - Researches regarding the use of some ecological 61.

combined fodders in the alimentation of broiler chickens Cercetri privind utilizarea unor nutreuri combinate ecologizate n alimentaia puilor broiler de gin.......................................................... 377 CPRI, A. CAPRI, I. LUCA, I. BENCSIK - Ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen dynamics from ruminal fluid under influence of some complementary nutritional factors Dinamica azotului amoniacal i a azotului proteic din lichidul ruminal sub influena unor factori nutriionali complementari ................................... 383

Z062 Jana STNCULE, D. DRINCEANU, H. SRNDAN, Rodica 62.

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Z063 D. DRGOTOIU, Monica MARIN, Elena POGURSCHI - The 63.

influence of fats nature added in compound feeds upon ducklings productive and slaughtering performances Influena naturii grsimilor adugate n nutreuri combinate asupra performanelor productive i a celor la sacrificare la bobocii de ra ............................. 389Z064 Daniela JITARIU, VIOLETA SIMIONESCU - Researches regarding 64.

food valorification during lactation for sheep which are specialized in milk production Cercetri cu privire la valorificarea hranei n perioada de lactaie la ovinele specializate pentru producia de lapte.... 395

Z065 Aida ALBU, Felicia RC, I.M. POP - Evaluation of heavy metals 65.

(lead and cadmium) content in feeds from Moldavian area, using atomic absorbtion spectrofotometry method Evaluarea coninutului de metale grele (plumb, cadmiu) in nutreurile din zona Moldovei, prin metoda spectrofotometric de absorbie atomic ........... 402

66. Z066

Raluca RADU, Teona AVARVAREI, Aida ALBU, E. TEODORESCU-SOARE - The nutritive value of alfalfa hay from small dairy farms Valoarea nutritiv a fnului de lucern din micile gospodrii agricole ....................................................................... 408 Carmen- Ana PIVOD - The implications of poly-parasitsm about dairy sheep kept on pastures Implicaiile poliparazitismului asupra oilor de lapte ntreinute pe puni .............................................. 413

67. Z067 Doina ARDELEANU, Marilena-Gabi NEACU, C. NEACU,

Z068 68. C. NEACU, Gabi NEACU, Adriana VICOVAN, Doina

ARDELEANU, Alina NICOLESCU - Testing the various level of foddering at female young sheep for early coupling Testarea diferitelor nivele de furajare la tineretul ovin femel in vederea montei timpurii ......................................................................................... 419 ARDELEANU, Alina NICOLESCU - The technology of goats foddering during milking the kids Tehnologia de furajare a caprelor n perioada de alptare a iezilor .............................................. 423 SRL. farm from CLUJ county Performanele de producie din ferma SC.CRISANI&CO SRL. din judeul CLUJ ..................................... 428

Z069 69. C. NEACU, Gabi NEACU, Adriana VICOVAN, Doina

70. Z070 S. BOCA - The production performances from SC. CRISANI&CO

Z071 Gabriela CRIAN, GH. MUREAN, Daniela CRIAN - The impact 71.

of the somatic cell count on the milk quality Impactul numrului de celule somatice asupra calitii laptelui.............................................. 432- 817 -


Z072 Gabriela CRIAN, G. ONACIU, Daniela CRIAN - Research 72.

regarding the morphoproductive parameters for the Romanian Friza Black Spotted cows from Transylvania Cercetri privind nsuirile morfoproductive la taurinele Friz Blat cu Negru romneasc din Transilvania................................................................... 440

Z073 G. ONACIU - The projecting and the organization of a farm of cow 73.

milk to a capacity of 50 heads Proiectarea i organizarea unei ferme de vaci cu o capacitate de 50 capete vaci lapte ............................ 445Z074 G. ONACIU, E. C. JURCO - The projecting and the organization of a 74.

farm specialized in fattening young cattle with an annual capacity of 360 tons of meat Proiectarea i organizarea unei ferme de ngrare a tineretului taurin cu o capacitate anual de 360 tone carne ........................................................................................................ 450Z075 M. BOTHA, I. BUD, HETTIG ANDREA, T. RKA - Prevention 75.

measurements and treatment of some chinchilla diseases Msuri de prevenie i tratamentul unor stri patologice la chinchilla ............... 456 76. M. BOTHA, I. BUD, HETTIG ANDREA, Aurelia PECE Z076 Directions and tendencies for obtaining rabbit hybrids for meat in Europe Tendine i orientri n producerea hibrizilor de iepuri de carne n Europa........................................................................................ 460 qualitative increase to the hunting witch is consumed by human Contribuii la creterea numeric i calitativ a vnatului ce intr n alimentaia omului ................................................................................... 466 the body weight dynamics on a set of buffaloes from SCPCB Sercaia Cercetari privind dinamica greutatii corporale pe un lot de bubaline din cadrul SCPCB Sercaia ........................................................ 472

77. Z077 T. REKA, I. BUD, M. BOTHA - Contributions of size and

Z078 Maria UNGUREANU, Maria CORDUNEANU - Research regarding 78.

Z079 G. HOHA, B. PSRIN, Elena COSTCHESCU, Alexandrina 79.

DIAC, Roxana STNESCU - Research concerning the reproductive performances recorded at the Pic 1075 boars exploited at SC SUINPROD ROMAN S.A Cercetari privind performantele reproductive inregistrate la vierii PIC 1075 exploatati in cadrul SC SUINPROD ROMAN S.A. ........................................................................ 475- 818 -


80. Z080 M.G. USTUROI, I. VACARU-OPRI, R.M. RADU-RUSU - Poultry

meat quality as influenced by fowls transportation conditions Influena condiiilor de transport a psrilor asupra calitii crnii obinute..................................................................................................... 480

Z081 V. MACIUC, V. UJIC, Rodica DNIL - Observations on the 81.

morpho-productive features of the Romanian Black Spotted members of the bovidae family from the Jora farm, county Iasi Observaii privind nsuirile morfoprodructive la taurinele Blat cu Negru romneasc din ferma Jora, judeul Iasi.................................. 485 82. Z082 Roxana STNESCU, I.GILCA, G.HOHA-Present and perspectives in Brown cattle breeding in Romania Stadiul actual i perspective n cresterea taurinelor de ras Brun n Romnia .................................... 492 concerning the productive performances in some private exploitations of Brown breed grown in Suceava county Cercetri privind performanele productive ale taurinelor de ras Brun crescute n unele exploataii private din judeul Suceava ....................... 499

83. Z083 Roxana STNESCU, I. GLC, G. HOHA, M. DOLI - Researches

Z084 Aurelia PECE, Z. MARCHI, M. BOTHA, Codrua CETERA 84.

Researches concerning the great qualitative components of buffalo, cow and sheep milk Cercetri privind indicii calitativi ai marilor componeni ai laptelui de bivoli, vac i oaie....................................... 504

Z085 Aurelia PECE, Z. MARCHI, A. CMPEAN - Researches concerning 85.

the main qualitative features of milk in a buffalo population from Slaj county Cercetri privind principalele nsuiri calitative ale laptelui la o populaie de bivolie din judeul Slaj ................................................ 508 growing of Romanian Black Spotted cows in some private exploitations from county Botoani Studiul creterii vacilor Blat Romneasc, n unele exploataii private din judeul Botoani.................................................................................................... 512 dairy farm from privat sector Normative pentru ferme de lapte din sectorul particular.................................................................................... 518

86. Z086 Rodica DNIL, V. UJIC, V. MACIUC - A study on the

Z087 S. CHILIMAR, T. BAJURA, N. DUMBRVEANU - Norms for 87.

88. Z088 I.C. BOCIOAG - Contributions on the improvement of the results in

the eggs artificial incubation Contribuii la mbuntirea rezultatelor n incubaia artificial a oulor ........................................... 528- 819 -


Z089 D. SIMEANU, M.V. BURLIC, M. DOLI - Study on the Huul 89.

horse breed genealogical structure Studiu asupra structurii genealogice a rasei Huul ........................................................................ 536Z090 I. BENCSIK I., N. PACAL, D. DRONCA, Jana STANCULE, 90.

Alena BENCSIK, Ada TELEA - The viability asses of the light chick breed eggs for incubation Aprecierea viabilitii embrionilor din ou destinate incubaiei la rase uoare.............................................. 545

Z091 T. LAZR, O.C. VORNICU, M. DOLI, B. IGNAT - The 91.

expansion of Mellifera species Expansibilitatea speciei Apis mellifera ................................................................................................... 549 veterinary prophylaxis on growing hen broiler in a small dimension exploitation comparing the industrial avian shed Eficiena aciunilor profilactice sanitar-veterinare n creterea broilerilor de gin ntr-o exploataie de mici dimensiuni comparativ cu o hal de tip industrial ............................................................................................. 556

Z092 Doina LEONTE, C. LEONTE, Valerica MACOVEI - Efficiency of 92.

Z093 O.C. VORNICU, T. LAZR, Aurelia VASILE - Multiple 93.

monitoring of the beehive microclimate Monitorizarea multipl a microclimatului din stupii cu albine......................................................... 561 The obtained perfoarmance after the colection applyed to improve the colors at the sheep rased for their skin Performane obinute ca urmare a seleciei aplicate n vederea mbuntirii culorii i a nuanelor de culoare la ovinele crescute pentru pielicele ....................... 569

Z094 C. PASCAL, F. DOROFTEI, V. STAN, I. PADEANU, T. DIMA 94.

Z095 Gabriela MITREA, D. SIMEANU - Researches concerning the 95.

assurance of the microclimate conditions for broiler chicken with pultry equipments of different sources Cercetri privind asigurarea condiiilor de microclimat pentru puii broiler de gin cu echipamente avicole de diferite proveniene ............................................ 576

96. Z096

I. GLC, MIHAELA Ivancia, D. BREBEANU, Roxana STNESCU, E. ICU, C. DUBI - The evaluation of milks quality and the healts udder based on the somatic cell counts Evaluarea calitii laptelui i a strii de sntate a ugerului pe baza numrului de celule din lapte................................................................... 584

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Z097 I. GLC, D. BREBEANU, Roxana STNESCU, E. ICU, C. 97.

DUBI - Investigation of the effect of risk elements in bulls and dairy cows breeding around of the industrial area of Bucharest Investigaii privind efectul elementelor de risc la taurinele la ngrat i vacile de lapte crescute in jurul zonei industriale a municipiului Bucureti ............................................................................. 588

98. Z098 Simona Margareta BADIU, Claudia MURESAN - Aspects of

implementing milk production and cosumption system Aspecte privind implemnetarea produciei de lapte i sistemul de consum........... 592 Automatizarea instalaiilor de muls ......................................................... 595 implications of the East enlargement of the European Union Implicaii economice ale extinderii Uniunii Europene ctre Est ............. 602

Z099 O. BLAN, V. CRCIUN - Automation of milking devices 99.

100. G. C. MURSA, ROXANA CIURCANU - Some economic Z100

101. Z101 N. DUMBRVEANU - Rural development policies in Moldova

Republic, between europeanization and retrogression Politica de dezvoltare rural n Republica Moldova ntre europenizare i retrogresiune ............................................................................................ 609 achieved in bredding and using the milk cows in Vatra Dornei and Cmpulung Moldovenesc basins Valorile medii ale indicatorilor economici realizati n cresterea si exploatarea vacilor de lapte n bazinele Vatra Dornei si Cmpulung Moldovenesc................................. 615

102. Z102 Mioara BOCANICI - Average values of economical indicators

103. Z103 A. CHIRAN, Florina POPOVICI, Elena GNDU - New aspects

regarding the milk production from the nearcity area of Iasi in the context of European Union assessed quotes Noi orientri privind producia de lapte din zona preoreneasc a municipiului Iai, n contextul normelor impuse de Uniunea European................................. 623 in the microzone ibneti the present and the prospects Dezvoltarea rural n microzona ibneti : prezent i perspective ....... 631

Z104 Elena GNDU, Liliana BIIC, A. CHIRAN - The develpment rural 104.

105. Z105 Carmen-Mariana DIACONU - Practical aspects concerning the

solutions given by the local and central commissions of property land restitution to the requests for property retrocession from Iasi county Aspecte practice privind soluionarea de ctre comisiile locale i centrale de fond funciar a cererilor de retrocedare a proprietii din judeul Iai................................................................................................ 639- 821 -


Z106 Carmen-Mariana DIACONU - Penal responsibility of the public 106.

employee introductive aspects Raspunderea penal a funcionarului public aspecte introductive............................................... 642 management in the field of fiscal administration Ci de mbuntire a managementului n domeniul administrrii fiscale ......... 648 Miroslava commune, Iai district and the strategies to improuve them Analiza resurselor umane din comuna Miroslava, judeul Iai i strategiile de perfecionare ale acestora.................................................. 653 Resursele umane din spaiul rural romnesc....................................... 659

107. Z107 T. BREZULEANU, C-TIN IACO - Methods of improving risk

Z108 108. M. DSCLESCU - The analyse of human resources from

109. Z109 Ramona AIRINEI - Human resources from the romanian rural spaceZ110 Agatha POPESCU - Chicken meat market in the Central and Eastern 110.

European countries Piaa crnii de pui n rile din Centrul i Estul Europei............................................................................................ 664

111. Z111 Agatha POPESCU - Considerations upon economic efficiency in

dairy farms by gross margin assessment Consideratii asupra eficientei economice in fermele de vaci prin evaluarea marjei brute ... 670

112. I. PRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU - Study concerning the Z112

evaluation of financial results in combined fodder industry Studiu privind evaluarea rezultatelor financiare n industria nutreurilor combinate ................................................................................................. 673 evaluation in combined fodder industry Studiu privind evaluarea riscului n industria nutreurilor combinate............................................. 678 GNDU, A. CHIRAN - Natural geographical characteristics of the tourism and agrotourism of bihor county Caracteristici natural geografice ale zonelor turistice i agroturistice din judeul Bihor .......... 681 Instrumente de msurare a sprijinului agricol......................................... 689

Z113 113. I. PRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU - Study concerning risk

Z114 Maria RUGE, Ramona-Vasilica BACTER, C.-F. BACTER, Elena 114.

Z115 D. DONOS - Measuring instruments of the agricultural support 115.

Z116 Ramona-Vasilica BACTER, C.-F. BACTER, Maria RUGE, Elena 116.

GNDU, A. CHIRAN - Some aspects regarding the consumer and product relationship on the market of Oradea city Unele consideratii privind relatia consumatorprodus pe piata municipiului Oradea.......... 693- 822 -


117. Z117 T. BREZULEANU, C-TIN IACO - Caracteristics of internal

public financial control in public entities Caracteristici ale controlului financiar public intern la nivelul entitii publice................. 701 Controlul financiar public intern la nivelul guvernului .............. 714

Z118 C-TIN IACO - The internal public financial control at governmental 118.

level

Z119 119. C-TIN IACO, T. BREZULEANU - Control management.

Performance audit studies Managementul controlului. Studii de audit al performanei................................................................................ 719 Zeletin basin, Bacau county Cercetri privind locul creterii animalelor n bazinul Zeletin judeul Bacu ............................................ 723

Z120 I. MELINTE - Reseaches regarding the place of animal growing in 120.

121. Z121 I.MELINTE, St.BREZULEANU-Social-demographic features of the rural population from Zeletin basin, Bacau county Caracteristici sociodemografice ale populaiei rurale din bazinul Zeletin, judeul Bacu..... 729Z122 Roxana MIRON, I.M. POP - Estimates of the evolution of milk 122.

quota and milk price in the European Union Estimri ale evoluiei cotei de lapte si a preului laptelui in Uniunea European ..................... 736 AVICOLA - MATCA S.A company Analiza eficienei economice a societii S.C. AVICOLA - MATCA S.A ................................................ 741

Z123 Aurica GRIGORE - The economic efficiency analises of S.C. 123.

124. Z124 Aurica GRIGORE - The economic efficiency aspects in meat

produced and capitalization in Tecuci region aspecte ale eficienei economice n producerea i valorificarea crnii n zona Tecuci ............. 746

Z125 L. SASCA, P. COROI - The factors which influence the artificial 125.

reproduction in the common carp Factorii care influeneaz reproducia artificial a crapului comun................................................. 753

Z126 Aurelia MIHALACHE, L. OPREA, V. CRISTEA - Aspects 126.

regarding the rearing parameters on two lots of ornamental carp fed with different rations into recirculating system conditions Aspecte privind parametrii creterii la dou loturi de crap ornamental hrnite cu raii diferite n condiiile unui sistem recirculant ................... 757

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Z127 A. GRUBER, I.M. POP, B. PSRIN - The influence of ambiental 127.

temperature about Lumbricus terrestris prolificity Influena temperaturii ambientale asupra prolificitii la Lumbricus terrestris ..... 762

128. Z128 Alexandrina DIAC, G. HOHA - A study concerning the use of

experimental techniques in the research of fish nutrition and alimentation Studiu privind utilizarea tehnicilor experimentale n cercetrile de nutriie i alimentaie la peti............................................ 767 Franoise PICARD-Aquaculture bioa chance and challenge for Romania in the 3rd millenium Acvacultura biologic o ans si o provocare pentru Romnia mileniului 3............................................ 775

Z129 B. PSRIN, G. HOHA, A. GRUBER, Alexandrina DIAC, 129.

Z130 A. GRUBER, Roxana STNESCU, G. HOHA, B. PSRIN 130.

Speciality literature data concerning the growing of the species from corydoras genus Date din literatura de specialitate cu privire la cresterea speciilor din genul corydoras................................................... 780Z131 Gabriela VASILE, Elena CIORNEA - A comparative study of some 131.

morphological and biochemical parameters of Carassius auratus gibelio and Cyprinus carpio Studiul comparativ al unor parametri morfologici i biochimici la Carassius auratus gibelio i Cyprinus carpio ....................................................................................................... 786 Maricica MICHICHIUC - Research as concerns some selection index of Ctenopharingodon idella Cercetri privind unii indici corporali la Ctenopharyngodon idella..................................................... 794 The interdependence of some morphological traits in Frsinet carp breed one year and a summer aged Interdependena unor caractere morfologice la crapul de Frsinet de un an i o var.............. 798 P.C. BOITEANU - The methodology of blood exams at the cyprinides from fish farms Metodologia unor examene ale sngelui la ciprinidele din amenajrile sistematice................................. 802

132. Z132 Valerica MACOVEI, I.M. POP, Doina LEONTE, Lenua FOTEA,

133. Z133 Carmen NICOLAE, R. POPA, Laura URDE, Nicoleta ITFAN -

134. Z134 M. LAZR, Roxana LAZR, Cristina-Alice VULPE, V. VULPE,

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BIODIVERSITY OF THE ZOOTECHNICAL ECOSYSTEMS ON NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND WORLDWIDE LEVELS BIODIVERSITATEA ECOSISTEMELOR ZOOTEHNICE LA NIVEL NAIONAL, ZONAL I MONDIALA.T. BOGDAN, I.M. POP, Amalia STRTEANUCreterea gradului i ritmului de ameliorare genetic a efectivelor de animale din ecosisteme zootehnice este un obiectiv major n realizarea securitii alimentare a populaiei umane. n acelai timp, dezvoltarea durabil a zootehniei este indisolubil legat de protecia, conservarea i dezvolarea biodiversitii speciilor de animale utile omului. Referatul abordeaz principiile, obiectivele i conexiunile conceptului de biodiversitate n cadrul ecosistemelor zootehnice la nivel naional (cu exemplificri de la Agenia Naional pentru Reproducie i Ameliorare n Zootehnie A.N.A.R.Z., prin rezultate ale controlului performanelor productive), la nivel zonal (cu exemplificri de la Uniunea European privind bunstarea animalelor) i la nivel mondial (cu exemplificri de la F.A.O., prin Strategia global de dezvoltare durabil pn n anul 2015). n concluzie, se prezint secvena referitoare la zootehnie din programul prioritar al Academiei Romne privind studiul biodiversitii n relaie cu dezvoltarea rural durabil, care reprezint tematica noului Centru de Studii i Cercetri de Biodiversitate Agrosilvic Acad. David Davidescu al Academiei Romne.

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BACKUniversitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

LASTING DEVELOPMENT A CONTEMPORARY WORLD IMPERATIVE DEZVOLTAREA DURABILA - IMPERATIV AL LUMII CONTEMPORANEV. POP, Cecilia POPHuman society is passing through a very deep crisis of its own identity, the economical development in these present conditions, based on the waste of raw materials, fuel and energy, contributing well to this crisis, having at its base the consequences of some wrong priorities. In order to avoid an ecological catastrophe, many scientific personalities, public personalities, mass-media, nongovernmental organizations and of course ordinary people have criticized the pollution phenomenon and have taken serious measures in order to stop the deterioration of our environment. This way appeared the concept of sustainable development. The development based on durability principles, represents now the major imperative of contemporary world, its neglect from the economical politics and strategies, surely leading to the compromising of the minimal life conditions which Terra has to maintain for the future generations.

Dezvoltarea economic i mediul Dezvoltarea fr opreliti nregistrat de la intrarea lumii n era industrial acum mai bine de 200 de ani, a pornit de la imaginea dimensiunilor nelimitate ale planetei noastre i capacitatea ei de a ne asigura la nesfrit resurse minerale neregenerabile, condiii nelimi-tate de trai i bunstare pentru o populaie n continu expansiune, capacitatea de a prelua la nesfrit poluanii rezultai din activitatea menajer, din agricultur i zootehnie, ct i din procesele industriale - acestea din urm pe cale de a cpta dimensiuni de neimaginat, atunci la data intrrii omenirii n era industrial. Acum 200 de ani, populaia globului numra de abia un singur miliard de locuitori, iar activitatea industrial era la proporii neglijabile fa de ceea ce este n prezent. Crbunii i petrolul nu erau nc n circuitul industrial. Producia de metale, ciment, industria chimic etc. nu reprezentau nici 1 % din ceea ce se produce astzi. A urmat defriarea pdurilor - pentru extinderea suprafeelor necesare hrnirii unei populaii n cretere exploziv, n baza unei agriculturi chimizate, intensive punatul necontrolat, pescuitul intensiv, poluarea apelor, aerului i solurilor, toate ducnd la sectuirea sau alterarea posibilitilor de suport ale Terrei. Cantitatea de poluani evacuai n atmosfer, n ape i pe sol a crescut n ritm alarmant, depind capacitatea de autoepurare a factorilor naturali. Am atins limitele de suportabilitate ale Planetei noastre! Astfel, s-a constatat cu dezamgire c posibilitile Planetei, considerate infinite, sunt de fapt limitate. Echilibrul natural, de milioane i milioane de ani al- 16 -


planetei, este n pericol de a fi grav, dac nu iremediabil perturbat, punnd in pericol nsi existena vieii pe Terra. Prejudiciile pentru specia uman, ale unei dezvoltri greit gestionate, lsat prad re-gulilor pieei i ale profitului, au nceput s fie percepute din a doua jumtate a secolului XX. Aa cum spune o reuit butad: Planeta albastr ne-a fost dat n primire spre folosin - dar fr s primim i instruciunile de utilizare. Drept urmare suntem pui, n ultima vreme chiar prea des - n situaia de a grei fa de mediul natural, polundu-l, agresndu-l, provocndu-i daune mult prea mari dect ne-am fi ateptat. Mai mult, prin cumulare - efectul polurii asupra factorilor de mediu i degradarea n unele cazuri ireversibil a mediului - am ajuns n multe situaii s compromitem definitiv calitatea mediului natural pe care-l vom lsa generaiilor viitoare, n fapt tocmai urmailor notri. Convenia-cadru adoptat n 1992 la Rio precizeaz sarcina rilor dezvoltate de a-i stabiliza emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser, astfel nct nivelul acestora n 2002 s nu depeasc nivelul din 1990, iar pn n 2010, emisiile de gaze s scad cu 8 %. n acelai timp, marile ri n curs de dezvoltare, n particular China, India i Brazilia nu sunt supuse deocamdat constrngerilor. Datorit nerespectrii de ctre unele ri dezvoltate, n frunte cu Statele Unite, a obiectivelor Conferinei de la Rio, Grupul interguvernamental de experi asupra evoluiei climatului, a elaborat n 1995 un mesaj alarmant, care s-a finalizat cu: P r o t o c o l u l de la K y o t o 1997 cuprinznd dou aspecte. Pe de o parte, fixeaz pentru rile OECD i cele ale Europei Centrale i de Est, norme pentru reducerea emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser (n principal CO2) n perioada 1990-2008, iar pe de alt parte, stabilete mecanisme de flexibilitate care dau posibilitate statelor s cumpere drepturi de poluare (indulgene) ! Nivelele de reducere ale polurii variaz de la o ar la alta. Astfel, cele minus 8 procente ale Uniunii Europene, corespund unor obiective naionale foarte diferite: - 21 % pentru Germania, Portugalia. 0 % pentru Frana i + 27 % pentru

Mecanismele Protocolului de la Kyoto permit de altfel unei ri s-i respecte angajamentele, cumprnd drepturi adiionale de poluare dintr-o ar care nu i-a atins nc nivelul maxim permis, de exemplu Portugalia. i Romnia va fi interesat s vnd, probabil Japoniei, Olandei etc. din drepturile pozitive pe care le are, noi situndu-ne acum la 40 % sub angajamentul conform Protocolului. Acordul de la Kyoto prevede punerea lui n aplicare dac 55 de ri, reprezentnd 55% din emisiile de CO2 din rile industrializate, l-au ratificat. Prin semnarea n octombrie 2004 de ctre Rusia a Protocolului, acest important acord- 17 -


mondial a intrat n vigoare la 16 februarie 2005, fiind atins pragul de aplicare n ciuda opoziiei Statelor Unite - cel mai mare poluator cu gaze cu efect de ser. Manifestnd interes i responsabilitate, Uniunea European a procedat la ratificarea acordului, n schimb SUA - cea care evacueaz n atmosfer un sfert din gazele cu efect de ser ale planetei, nu a semnat nc acest important document, dei acesta avantajeaz rile deja puternic industrializate i poluatoare, prin aceea c normele adoptate, diferite de la o ar la alta, au ca punct de plecare emisiile de noxe din prezent, i nu un nivel egal de emisii pe cap de locuitor, indiferent de ar! n aceste condiii cetenii SUA vor putea polua n continuare de 19 ori mai mult dect cei din India, sau de 11 ori mai mult dect cei din China! Emisiile de gaze datorate activitilor industriale, transporturilor i a celor menajere (CO2 - metan - oxizi de azot ) vor fi responsabile dup prerea oamenilor de tiin, de nclzirea planetei cu consecinele climatice deja cunoscute: furtuni, inundaii, n alte zone secet - toate acestea fiind un semn al dereglrilor provocate de civilizaia noastr ajuns la suprapopulare, supraindustrializare i excesiv poluare. Biodiversitatea Voina de a pstra biodiversitatea pe planet, face parte dintre obiectivele dezvoltrii durabile, fiind un punct prioritar pe lista Conferinei de la Rio. Din cele 1,7 milioane de specii cunoscute, 11.000 sunt deja ameninate cu extincia iar n ritmul actual, jumtate dintre aceste specii ameninate, ar putea disprea pn la sfritul secolului XXI. Aceast realitate este strict legat de compor-tamentele umane n legtur cu mediul natural i dezvoltarea economic. Despdurirea, deertificarea, agricultura, punatul i pescuitul intensive, defririle pentru obinerea de noi suprafee arabile, extinderea activitilor miniere, toate acestea avnd ca scop producia industrial i alimentar, particip la distrugerea habitatelor i astfel la eliminarea treptat dar tot mai rapid a speciilor vegetale i animale. Conferina de la Johannesburg Conferina la nivel nalt de la Johannesburg - 2002, ar fi trebuit s impulsioneze procesul de abordare i soluionare a problemelor privind dezvoltarea durabil, dar i de data aceasta ateptrile au fost mult mai mari dect realizrile. Astfel, pe planul reducerii emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser, dei s-au reafirmat obiectivele de la Kyoto, nu s-au fixat nici un fel de elemente precise n privina alternativei trecerii la utilizarea energiilor neconvenionale. S-a pus n discuie i obiectivul reducerii la jumtate pn n anul 2015 a numrului de persoane (cca. 1 miliard) care nu dispun la standarde corespunztoare de ap potabil, iar sugestia francez de a crea un organism mondial al mediului, care prin autoritatea sa n domeniul problemelor specifice, ar putea s impun norme unor alte instituii, precum OMC, a fost din pcate total ndeprtat.- 18 -


Pentru pstrarea fertilitii solurilor, Fondul mondial pentru mediu finaneaz programe pentru agricultur; la Conferina de la Rio s-a lansat Convenia n favoarea luptei mpotriva scderii fertilitii solului, convenie semnat pn la Conferina de la Johannesburg de ctre 114 ri. Cu toate inteniile declarative ludabile - pe planul realizrilor practice, acumulrile sunt nc nesatisfctoare. Probleme globale n literatura mondial au aprut n ultimele dou-trei decenii, numeroase lucrri referitoare la problemele globale cu care se confrunt civilizaia uman acum la nceputul secolului XXI. Problemele sunt cele care, la nivelul planetei influeneaz esenial toate domeniile vieii sociale, nerezolvarea lor fcnd imposibil abordarea celorlalte probleme care cer i ele o soluionare la nivel global-planetar. Acest tip de probleme, necesitnd o soluionare planetar au aprut cu stringen n a doua jumtate a secolului XX, n strns legtur cu dezvoltarea economic general. S-a ajuns la creterea spectaculoas a produciei industriale i agricole, pe baza progreselor fr precedent din tiin i tehnologie, care au dus la adncirea diviziunii mondiale a muncii, extinderea relaiilor i a schimburilor economice internaionale, accentund interdependena tuturor la scar planetar. Ca o consecin a extinderii procesului de industrializare, a crescut n egal msur necesarul de materii prime, energie i hran, s-a extins procesul de urbanizare, atingndu-se nivelul maxim de suportabilitate al planetei, datorit caracterului limitat al resurselor minerale i datorit fenomenului polurii, care nsoete inerent dezvoltarea n condiiile actuale a societii umane.CRETEREA POPULAIEI DEZVOLTAREA ECONOMICA NEdurabil

Risip de resurse Poluarea aerului Epuizarea ozonului

Inclzirea global Ploi acide Defriarea pdurilor

Extinderea deerturilor Poluarea solului Exterminarea speciilor

Deeuri solide tot mai toxice Poluarea apei Riscurile nucleare

Creterea / accentuarea decalajelor dintre bogai i sraci

Guverne

Societi comerciale

Consumatori

Figura 1 - Principalele probleme globale actuale- 19 -


Dimensiunile consumurilor la care s-a ajuns n zilele noastre, au determinat ritmuri ngrijortoare de epuizare a unor resurse neregenerabile. Au aprut tot mai evidente, feno-mene de deteriorare a echilibrului ecologic, de poluare grav a aerului, apelor i solurilor, cu diminuarea fondului genetic vegetal i animal al planetei, procese negative, unele ireversibile, cu urmri imprevizibile ntr-o perspectiv mai mult sau mai puin ndeprtat. Pe de alt parte, subdezvoltarea, discrepanele crescnde dintre lumea dezvoltat i lumea srac, discrepane care nu se diminueaz ci se accentueaz ca urmare a progresului tehnologic contemporan - n condiiile actualelor relaii economice i politice internaionale - amplific tensiunile i sursele de conflict pe plan mondial, ceea ce a fcut ca aceste probleme au devenit preocupri constante pe ordinea de zi a Organizaiei Naiunilor Unite i a altor forumuri internaionale. Conceptul de dezvoltare durabil Fr ndoial c reputatul om de tiin Lester R.Brown de la WorldWatch Institute (Institutul pentru Veghea Mondial - Washington, SUA - creat n 1976) reprezint una dintre cele mai prestigioase personaliti, care mpreun cu colectivul su de colaboratori i-a consacrat ntreaga activitate urmririi cu perseveren a problemelor globale cu care se confrunt civilizaia uman n prezent. Este meritul lui Lester Brown de a fi lansat primul - n raportul WorldWatch Institute din 1984 - termenul de dezvoltare durabil care a intrat apoi n literatura de specialitate ca un termen de referin i a devenit obiectul tuturor studiilor i documentelor politice care abordeaz problemele dezvoltrii economico-sociale contemporane. De altfel, la Conferina mondial la nivel nalt de la Rio de Janiero din 1992, consacrat raportului dintre dezvoltarea economico-social i echilibrul factorilor de mediu, s-a decis constituirea unei Comisii ONU pentru Dezvoltarea Durabil, exprimnd preocu-parea crescnd a comunitii mondiale asupra faptului c modelul actual al sistemului economic mondial nu poate fi susinut din punctul de vedere al utilizrii cu msur a resurselor planetei i al echilibrului factorilor de mediu. n raportul din 1984, se definea durabilitatea (the sustainability) ca fiind dezvoltarea posibil n armonie cu natura - ca un concept ecologic cu consecine economice, subliniind c o societate durabil este cea care i modeleaz / adapteaz sistemul economic i social, astfel nct s asigure resursele naturale i sistemele de suport ale vieii nu numai pentru noi cei de acum, ci i pentru generaiile viitoare. Aceast tem a dominat toate studiile i rapoartele institutului, rapoartele anuale asu-pra strii planetei, subintitulndu-se rapoarte asupra progreselor spre o societate durabil. n seria urmtoare de studii, lansat n 1992 de ctre acelai Institut american pentru monitorizarea dezvoltrii mondiale, sub titulatura Semne vitale, tendine care modeleaz viitorul nostru - se face un pas nainte n ceea ce- 20 -


privete conceptul de dezvoltare durabil vorbindu-se despre un viitor durabil. Preocuprile ONU pentru aceast problematic, au continuat cu alte dou studii remarcabile elaborate de comisiile prezidate de Willy Brandt i Gro Harlem Brundtland. Studiul ntreprins de Willy Brandt - fost cancelar al R.F.Germane, intitulat Nord / Sud - un program pentru supravieuire constat: Criza pe care o traverseaz astzi relaiile internaionale i economia mondial, prezint mari pericole i pare s se agraveze (mrturie sunt atacurile teroriste de la 11 septembrie 2001 - nota noastr). Nu s-a neles suficient c prpastia care separ rile bogate de cele srace, reprezint un element esenial al acestei crize i nici faptul c, n cazuri extreme, prpastia este aa de mare, nct popoarele par a tri n lumi diferite. Aceasta este una dintre marile contraicii ale lumii contemporane tocmai n momentul n care societatea noastr ncepe s perceap n ce msur componentele sale sunt strns legate ntre ele, Nordul i Sudul depinznd unul de altul, n cadrul unei singure economii mondiale. Gro Harlem Brundtland, primul ministru (femeie) al Norvegiei, a prezentat raportul intitulat Viitorul nostru al tuturor. Raportul subliniaz problema creat de expolzia demografic repartiia geografic neechilibrat a populaiei n raport cu resursele disponibile ale planetei i necesitatea eforturilor de eliminare a srciei, ridicarea gradului de cultur i dezvoltarea capacitii colectivitilor umane de mbuntire a utilizrii eficiente a resurselor disponibile. n privina speciilor i a ecosistemelor, se subliniaz necesitatea meninerii diversitii genetice i a introducerii n acest scop, n centrul programelor politice, a problemei proteciei speciilor i ecosistemelor ameninate, propunndu-se un program de potecie a pdurilor tropicale i dezvoltarea unei ample cooperri internaionale. Dezvoltarea industriei, trebuie fcut prin promovarea noilor tehnologii mai eficiente i mai puin poluante, subliniind necesitatea intensificrii controlului asupra agenilor chimici toxici utilizai n industrie i agricultur, ca i asupra evacurilor de deeuri periculoase pentru mediul ambiant. n privina aezrilor umane, se subliniaz necesitatea asigurrii unei dezvoltri echilibrate ntre mediul urban i cel rural, controlul dezvoltrii i evitarea supraaglomerrilor urbane, ct i sprijinirea eforturilor de eliminare a subdezvoltrii. Noi mprumutm de la generaiile care vor veni - se spune n raport - un capital ecologic, tiind prcis c nu-l vom putea nicicnd restitui. Ele vor avea tot dreptul s ne reproeze c am fost att de risipitori, dar nu vor putea niciodat s recupereze ceea ce le datorm. Risipim, pentru c noi nu avem de dat socoteal nimnui: generaiile viitoare nu pot aciona acum mpotriva deciziilor noastre.

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n ceea ce privete crizele economice mondiale din ultimele decenii, i aici se consider c sursa acestora se afl n consumurile enorme de combustibili, energie i materii prime, cu tendina de epuizare a acestora, datorit tipului de economie care s-a dezvoltat pe o cale de nesusinut - din punctul de vedere al resurselor planetei. n acest sens, se poate defini: dezvoltarea durabil = dezvoltarea care poate fi susinut (meninut) n timp cu resursele limitate de care dispunem. Componentele eseniale includ:.

ale unei strategii pentru o dezvoltare durabil,

stabilizarea populaiei i asigurarea unui trai decent tuturor meninerea fertilitii naturale a solurilor protejarea sistemelor biologice ale planetei, meninerea biodiversitii reducerea dependenei de petrol i n general de combustibilii fosili, a economiei mondiale - dezvoltarea alternativ a energiilor regenerabile i - reciclarea materialelor, cu diminuarea consumului de resurse minerale i a polurii. Dezvoltarea durabil n contextul dezvoltrii economice. Prioriti greite Cel de-al patrulea raport al Clubului de la Roma, coordonat de ctre Gabor Denis (Premiul Nobel 1971) a fost intitulat semnificativ S ieim din epoca risipei subliniind i acesta c modelul de dezvoltare economic al societii noastre este greit, avnd tendina de a risipi resursele naturale, devastnd mediul nconjurtor. Astfel, primele 10 ri industrializate ale lumii, cu cca. 10 % din populaia globului dar cu economii orientate exagerat spre consum, utilizeaz cca. 60 % din resursele Terrei, producnd i 75 % din deeurile solide ale lumii. Ecologitii i nu numai ei, nu pot fi de acord cu acest tip de dezvoltare, extrapolarea unui asemenea model de societate - care n goana nebun a unora dup tot mai muli bani, creaz tuturor dorine de consum cu orice pre i de aici o flagrant risip de resurse - este evident imposibil din punct de vedere material, planeta nedispunnd pentru toi locuitorii si de resurse la o asemenea anvergur, aceasta implicnd i un grad ridicat de poluare, de deteriorare a condiiilor de via.

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Economitii i inginerii- observ c economia global a crescut de 7 ori din 1950, iar venitul global a crescut de la 6 la 43 miliarde USD - observ cele mai sczute preuri la cereale din ultimele 2 decenii, iar sursele de hran nu constituie o problem a viitorului apropiat - consider piaa globalizat, ca un ghid (aprobator) al deciziilor de dezvoltare nencetat a economiei conform viziunii actuale n domeniu

Ecologitii- observ c aceast cretere reprezint produsul de ardere a unor cantiti enorme de combustibil fosil, disponibil la preuri foarte mici - observ cotele apelor n scdere n rile-cheie productoare de hran, cca. 800 mil. locuitori fiind hrnii acum cu gru produs prin consumul forat al apelor subterane - observ o pia care nu spune adevrul. Ex: n preul benzinei nu sunt costurile asistenei medicale pentru tratarea bolilor respiratorii generate de poluarea aerului etc.

Un exemplu edificator, este cel dat de preedintele Franei, Jack Chirac, la Summit-ul de la Barcelona din martie 2002, n care arta c este complet inechitabil ca primele 3 familii cele mai bogate de pe glob s dein fiecare, averi de peste 50 de miliarde de dolari (rezerva valutar a Romniei n acel moment era de numai 3,6 miliarde dolari), iar primele 150 de familii ale lumii, s aib venitul egal cu cel al jumtii mai srace a populaiei globului !!! Tot mai mult societatea industrial, prin prioritatea greit a consumului cu orice pre a exploatat fr discernmnt resursele minerale nerennoibile. Ea a distrus suprafee imense de terenuri cndva fertile. n numeroase locuri, noi am pus n pericol i chiar am distrus viaa prin poluarea aerului, apelor i a solurilor. Aceast situaie nu poate dura, o societate echilibrat trebuie s aib alte prioriti s ofere un nivel de via satisfctor tuturor membrilor si pe plan material, n condiiile diminurii consumurilor de resurse, pstrnd calitatea mediului i a con-diiilor meninerii vieii pentru generaiile viitoare. Bunstarea i dezvoltarea acestei societi vor putea fi garantate doar n condiiile n care economia va fi structurat pe valorificarea mai eficient a resurselor naturale i n armonie cu natura. Tendina trebuie s se orienteze ctre o economie bazat pe surse de energie regenerabile, pe utilizarea de materii prime larg disponibile i de preferat regenerabile, pe reciclarea permanent a materialelor mai greu de gsit, gestiunea mai bun a resurselor alimentare, tehnologii orientate spre reducerea consumurilor de materii prime i energie, n urma crora s rezulte cantiti minime de deeuri care s nu afecteze calitatea mediului. Oportuniti i limite ale dezvoltrii durabile Aa cum am artat, conceptul de dezvoltare durabil a aprut i s-a impus ca o necesitate n condiiile degradrii sistematice a condiiilor naturale la nivel- 23 -


global, ca rezultat al exploziei demografice i al dezvoltrii economice din ultimele dou secole. Iminenta epuizare a unor resurse minerale importante, precum petrolul, minereurile de cupru sau cele ale metalelor preioase, defriarea unor imense suprafee de pdure, dispariia a zeci i sute de specii animale i vegetale n fiecare an, ploile acide, subierea dramatic a stratului protector de ozon i schimbrile climatice - sunt numai cteva dintre elementele care au fcut ca o serie de personaliti tiinifice s trag tot mai dese semnale de alarm n legtur cu starea precar a mediului natural i necesi-tatea unor schimbri promte i radicale n ceea ce privete atitudinea noastr fa de mediu i fa de problema dezvoltrii pornind de la tehnologiile i strategiile prezente. Noul concept de economie ecologic pornete de la o serie de principii ale dezvoltrii durabile dintre care putem aminti: - ritmul de pierdere a fertilitii solurilor i de defriare a pdurilor, s nu depeasc capacitatea de regenerare i refacere a acestora - de asemenea, pescuitul s nu depeasc capacitatea de regenerare a speciilor de peti din mediul natural - reducerea habitatelor s nu ajung sub limita necesar pstrrii speciilor animale i vegetale, pstrnd biodiversitatea pe planet - emisiile de CO2 s nu depeasc capacitatea natural de fixare a carbonului - necesitatea eliminrii risipei de materii prime, combustibili i energie prin utilizarea de tehnologii curate performante, care s valorifice complex i integral resursele naturale neregenerabile, inclusiv producerea energiei nepoluante utiliznd fora vntului, cldura Soarelui etc. Devine stringent dezvoltarea noilor forme de energie curat: energia eolian, energia solar, utilizarea hidrogenului, mbuntirea siguranei n producerea energiei nucleare prin fisiune i mult-ateptata energie nelimitat a fuziunii etc.

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FACTORI DE AGRESIUNEExplozia demografic Dezvoltarea consumatorist Consum exagerat de resurse Deeuri iPOLUAREEd. materialist individualist

DEGRADAREA

CONDIIILOR

DE

MEDIU

P L A N E T A (nc) ALBASTR

STOPAREA DEGRADRII CONDITIILOR DE MEDIU

D E Z V O L T A R E

D U R A B I L A

Controlul natalitii

Consum fr risip

Resurse regenerabile

Tehnologii ecologice

Reciclare refolosire

Educaie ecologic

Organisme internaionale de mediu

Organisme neguvernamentale

SPRIJINIREA PLANETEI N RECPTAREA ECHILIBRULUI ECOLOGICFigura 10 - Dezvoltarea durabil a societii n sprijinul recptrii echilibrului ecologic al planetei

Conceptul de tehnologii curate se refer att la aspecte ale activitii economice, ct i n egal msur la cele privind protecia mediului. Vocaia acestei categorii de tehnologii, const n asigurarea: - reducerii consumurilor de materii prime, combustibili i energie- 25 -


polurii

diminuarea cantitii i a toxicitii deeurilor, cu efecte n reducerea

- mbuntirea condiiilor de munc, prin creterea agreabilitii: aer curat, culori relaxante, eliminarea repetitivitii, a efortului fizic i intelectual epuizant, oferind n general condiii mai puin stresante, toate acestea cu efecte favorabile asupra productivitii personalului etc. Dar mai presus de toate, dezvoltarea durabil trebuie neleas sub toate dimensiunile sale: uman, economic, tehnologic i ecologic. Tocmai pornind de la aceste premize, ct i de la faptul c provocrile pe care le lanseaz noul concept (necesar) de dezvoltare a societii umane, nu sunt simple concepte teoretice, ele trebuind a fi puse n aplicare, n practic - este de neles c procesul, chiar sub presiunea celor mai evidente i grave efecte, unele catastrofice (exp. subierea stratului protector de ozon, schimbrile climatice etc.) care amenin existena noastr, va fi de lung durat, fiind n acelai timp imposibil de trecut peste nevoile celor sraci, care trebuie i ei s ajung la condiii decente de trai. Limite n procesul dezvoltrii durabile Cu toat dorina noastr de a schimba starea de fapt actual, trebuie s nelegem c pe acest drum al dezvoltrii durabile exist i limite, implacabil impuse n principal de: - nivelul tehnologic la care ne aflm (cnd nc nu tot ceea ce ar fi de se poate realiza) poluarea nsoind practic, activitatea economic - de calculul strict al eficienei economice, al tehnologiilor existente i a celor durabile (deocamdat mai scumpe dect cele clasice) precum i - de faptul c mai sunt nc semeni ai notri care nu au condiiile minime decente de trai, i care trebuie ajutai s se dezvolte pentru a atinge acel minim decent, ceea ce va nsemna consumuri suplimentare de resurse, posibile noi dezechilibre naturale, poluare etc. dorit Nu exist tehnologii total curate ci doar mai puin poluante, ceea ce, orict de mare ar fi dorina noastr, va determina n continuare poluarea sub toate formele i deci afectarea n continuare a factorilor de mediu. Nu este posibil renunarea total la ngrmintele chimice i la pesticide, avnd n vedere necesarul n cretere de alimente pentru o polulaie a planetei, pe an ce trece tot mai mare. Nu este posibil s renunm la transporturile rapide i sigure pe uscat, pe ape i aeriene, care necesit combustibili, genernd poluare. Transportul de cltori, n condiiile libertii de cltorie, transportul de mrfuri n condiiile globalizrii economice etc. nu mai poate fi redus la transportul cu pnze sau la cel cu traciune animal, care caracterizau secolele XVII-XVIII.

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BACK


Interesele economice diferite ale statelor, vor face s avem n continuare norme mai permisive de poluare, spre exemplu n cazul Israelului n ceea ce privete industria chimic, India n domeniul polurii apelor curgtoare, Statele Unite n cazul emisiilor de CO2 nclcnd prevederile Protocolului de la Kyoto .a.m.d. Limitrile n procesul dezvoltrii durabile provin i de la sprijinul internaional neonorat, din partea rilor dezvoltate ctre statele n curs de dezvoltare, n domenii precum asigurarea aprovizionrii populaiei cu ap potabil, dezvoltarea produciei agricole, asigurarea minimului de energie electric etc. iar poate cel mai grav aspect, este cel legat de transferul sistematic de industrii i tehnologii slab productive i poluante ctre aceste ri srace din partea statelor dezvoltate, n condiiile practicrii unor preuri excesive, imorale. Peste toate acestea, deeurile radioactive pe care noi le-am depozitat pe fundul oceanelor i n spaii forate n scoara terestr, vor reprezenta probleme de soluionat de ctre generaiile viitoare, nsemnnd din partea lor preocupare, bani i munc prestate n contul nostru, al celor care polum acum.

Bibliografie12345678BROWN R.L., Probleme globale ale omenirii, E.T., Bucureti - 1996, pag.31 Viorel POP .a., Relaii politice i economice, Ed.Risoprint, Cluj N.- 2005, pag.363 FLAVIN C. .a., Starea lumii, E.T., Bucureti - 2002, pag.183 PRODI R., O viziune asupra Europei, Ed.Polirom - 2001, pag.114 Viorel POP .a., Mediu, Resurse, Dezvoltare durabil, Ed.Univ.Nord - 2006, p.205 Viorel POP .a., Waste Management, E.A., Bucureti - 2003, pag.192 Alexandru T. BOGDAN (coordonator), Tratat de biotehnologii, Ed. Tehnic, 2004 Alexandru T. BOGDAN, Ecologie i protecia mediului, Ed. Bioterra, 2000

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BACKUniversitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai

DEVELOPING EXPECTATIONS A RURAL AREA OF EUROPEAN FOUND FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTE. ICU, T. ROBU, I. GLCA, C-tin DUBITSince the accession of Romania to the EU, the funds intended for the rural space and agriculture development will be numerous and substantial. Even within 2000 and 2006, Romania was the beneficiary of various pre accession funds. Out of them, the SAPARD Programme was the most important of those intended for agriculture and rural development, the EU contribution amounting over 1,1 billion Euros. The FEADR together with European Found for Fiche ring represents the found that continues the SAPARD Programme, but with much larger funds. The paper aims to present the priority axes of FEADR and inform about the investment areas accessible to public and private beneficiaries from agriculture and rural areas, using the public co-financing of this fund.

MATERIAL AND METHODE The paper used for information a large bibliography and follow post accession European founds after 2007 who address to rural development and agriculture of Romania. Also used that analyses and studies material UE Regulation regarding to post accession and National Plan for Rural Development. The main source of information was Commission Regulation (EC) no. 1698/2006, Regulation (EC) no. 1974/2006, (EC) No. 248/2007 and measures concerning the Multi-annual Financing Agreements and the Annual Financing Agreements.

RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONMEASURE 111. TRAINING, INFORMATION AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE The objective of the measure is: - to facilitate the access to training, information and diffusion of knowledge activities for all adult people engaged in the agricultural, forestry and food sectors. - to acquire information and skills which will enhance the sustainable management of forests, the social conversions such as improving the life conditions and reducing unemployment rate in rural areas. Beneficiaries The final beneficiaries are adult people engaged in the agricultural, forestry (including forest holders) sectors and food industry.- 28 -


112. SETTING UP OF YOUNG FARMERS Objectives of the measure The support granted for the setting up of young farmers will facilitate the structural adjustment and development of competitive farms which perform sustainable agriculture by means of a better management and new workforce. Beneficiaries a) under 40, who are setting up for the first time on an agricultural holding as head of the holding, b) possessing or making a commitment to acquire relevant vocational skills, c) who submit a development plan for the farming activities. MEASURE 113. EARLY RETIREMENT OF FARMERS AND FARM WORKERS Objectives of the measure The support granted by this measure contributes to a significant structural change of agriculture by transferring the agricultural holdings and setting up of young farmers as well as to an improvement of the management with the aim to increase the size, thus becoming commercial holdings oriented towards innovation and diversification. Scope and actions Early retirement aims to ensure incomes for farmers and/or farm workers, to increase the size of the holdings and to engage young workforce in the agricultural activity. Beneficiaries: Farmers, Farm workers MEASURE 1.1.4. USE OF ADVISORY AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES Objectives of the measure The general objective of the measure aims at improving the knowledge of farmers and forest holders as well as the access to financing from the Community funds.

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MEASURE 1.2.1. MODERNISATION OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS Objectives of the measure Community support granted by this measure has the following objectives: Modernizing and restructuring the agricultural holdings aiming at increasing their competitiveness through a better use of the production factors; Introduction of new technologies and innovations, aiming to improve the quality and the organic production; Production diversification with the use of renewable energy; Observance of the Community standards regarding cross-compliance. The specific objectives of the measure refer to: Modernization of agricultural holdings; Support for restructuring semi-subsistence agricultural holdings. Scope and actions The scope of the support covered by this measure is to: o Improve the overall performance of the agricultural holdings; o Meet the Community standards applicable to the type of investments stipulated in the Chapter Types of investments o Improve the quality of obtained products and diversification of assortments; o Promote the generation and use of renewable energy; o Promote the processing of traditional agricultural products at farm level and their direct marketing. Beneficiaries Agricultural producers authorised natural persons, authorised family associations and legal entities, settled up according to the legislation in force. Tangible investments : o o o o o o Construction, modernization and purchase of buildings and other estate property used for the agricultural production at farm level, including the those used for the environment protection; New buildings and/or modernization of agricultural road infrastructure (internal roads or access roads), including utilities needed for the project; New buildings and/or modernization of diary cow farms which fit with the milk quota European system; New buildings and/or modernization of greenhouses, including heating systems and irrigation installations, utilities complying with environment conditions; Purchase of new tractors, harvesting machines, machinery, installations, equipments and accessories, specialized equipments and software; Purchase of new specialized transport vehicles needed for the project;- 30 -


o o o o o o o o o o

Purchase of high-genetic value animals only for the restoration of farms affected by natural disasters; Purchase of land for administration and production purposes, for a value which cannot exceed 10% of the eligible value of the project; Setting up vineyards on lands where planting is allowed (only on the reserve land and the land where replanting is allowed); Setting up vineyard and fruit tree nurseries; Investments for the production and use of renewable energy; Investments for the processing the traditional agricultural products at farm level, including equipment for direct selling of products as well as storing and cooling rooms; In kind contribution for the setting up of fruit tree, shrub and vine plantations, for a value of 20% of the eligible value of the project; General costs of the project consisting in: fees of architects, engineers and consultants, feasibility studies, certification taxes, acquisition of patent rights and licences; Investments related to the conversion and development of the organic farming and agri-environment; Investments aiming at complying with the newly introduced Community standards, as well as with the existing standards for investments undertaken by young farmers receiving support under conditions indicated in the business plan, according to the regulation.

Support intensities Non-refundable public support consists in: - 80 % Community contribution - 20 % national contribution. The public support covered by this measure shall amount between 50% 100% of the eligible value of the project and may be differ, as follows: a) 50 % of the eligible value of the investment for agricultural producers; b) 55 % of the eligible value of the investment for young farmers; c) 60 % of the eligible value of the investment for agricultural producers from mountain areas and natural handicap areas other than mountain areas; d) 65 % of investment costs approved for young farmers from mountain areas and natural handicap areas other than mountain areas; e) 75 % of the eligible value of the investment for the implementation of the Council Directive 91/676/EEC for a period of 4 years after accession, in compliance with the Regulation (EC) no. 1463/2006; f) 75 % of the eligible value of the investment for the implementation of the Council Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC regarding Natura 2000; g) 100 % for the restoration of the productive potential affected by natural calamities.

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Financing o The maximum ceiling for non-refundable public support is 1 000 000 euro/project. o The maximum ceiling for non-refundable public support for a project that includes also investments for the generation of renewable energy is of 1 500 000 euro/project. MEASURE 122 IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE FOREST Objectives of the measure rational management of the forests and ensuring the continuity and biodiversity of forests ecosystems; supporting the appliance of afforestation programs of low productive and deteriorated forests by optimising the composition and promoting indigenous valuable species as well; supporting the replacement of resinous stands outside their habitat by native valuable species ; putting into practice the measures regarding conversion of wooded grasslands and the tending of young forests as provided for in the management plans. Beneficiaries a) forest owners/holders or their associations, communes, municipalities or their associations which own forests b) State-owned forests are excluded from financing. MEASUR 1.2.3. ADDING VALUE TO AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY PRODUCTS Objectives of the measure The objectives target the following aspects : 1. Improvement of the overall performances of the processing and marketing units for agricultural products; 2. Development of new products and technologies related to agriculture and forestry products; 3. Improvement of use and observance of food safety standards by approaching Community requirements and meeting Community standards in processing and marketing units alongside the whole production cycle. towns,

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Type and size of beneficiary enterprises For Micro, medium and large-sized enterprises Other enterprises which are not micro, medium and large-sized agricultural enterprises, defined in compliance, with less than 750 employees products and with a turnover of less than 200 million EUR For forest Micro-enterprises -, with less than 10 employees and with a turnover of less than 2 million EUR, products For agricultural products o the construction, modernization and purchase of buildings and other activities connected to the internal road infrastructure and utilities needed for the project; o new buildings and/or modernization activities for product storage, including wholesale low-temperature storehouses; o the purchase of new machinery, installations, equipment and devices and installation costs; o the construction and modernization of laboratories; o the purchase of new specialised transport means which are necessary for the project; o the purchase of land for administrative and production premises, of a value which does not exceed 10% of the eligible value of the project. For forestry products: - New buildings and modernization of all types of premises, needed for the project, including utilities and fittings which do not exceed 10% of the eligible value of the project, including leasing or purchase of land; - New investments for buildings, installations, machinery and equipment and/or modernization and improvement of the technology, with the purpose to obtain new products and therefore meet environment standards, and to generate renewable energy; - New investments to purchase specialised transport means for the processing units, storehouses and marketing units, as identified in the feasibility study; - New investments to purchase computer software, including its installation. MEASURE 1.2.5. IMPROVING AND DEVELOPING THE INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTATION OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Objectives of the measure The measure shall contribute to the improvement of the management of agricultural and forest land by increasing accessibility through a better management of the water resources and by insuring the facilities within agricultural holdings, with the purpose of adjusting the agriculture and forestry according to the measures for increasing competitiveness.- 33 -


Beneficiaries : a) private natural persons and legal entities and their associations, agricultural and forest land owners/holders, established in accordance with the legislation in force; b) Local councils and their associations; c) Administrators of the state forest fund. Types of eligible investments: a. Road infrastructure agricultural - building and/or modernization of access roads, farm roads, including marking, signalling and warning systems; forest - building and/or modernization of access roads, forest roads, including marking, signalling and warning systems. b. Management of water resources: water supply networks, including the water source building and/or modernization, including works for protecting pumping stations; sewerage network - building and/or modernization; irrigation systems building and/or modernization including works for protecting the pumping and metering stations; c. Electricity supply - building and/or modernization d. Torrential correction within forest area e. Agricultural and forestry land consolidation: technical and juridical actions regarding agricultural land consolidation works related to the land improvement generating a better use of the land. MEASUIRE 1.4.1. SUPPORT FOR SEMI-SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS Objectives of the measure Support for semi-subsistence agricultural holdings undergoing restructuring process in order to overcome the transition problems in the rural area, having in view the competition pressure of the single-market to the agricultural sector and rural economy; Facilitate and encourage the restructuring of economically unviable farms.- 34 -


Scope and actions The scope of the support granted by this measure is to facilitate the shift from semi-subsistence agriculture to family commercial agriculture, through: Restructuring semi-subsistence farms for a better use of production factors; Diversifying the agricultural production and introducing efficient technologies. Amount of support The support granted by this measure is 1500 EUR/year/semi-subsistence farm. MEASURE 1.4.2. SETTING UP PRODUCER GROUPS Objectives of the measure The measure objective is a quantitative and qualitative balanced development of the primary production alongside the processing and marketing sectors for agricultural and forest product. Type of aid Within the framework of this measure, 100% non-refundable public aid is granted as stipulated in the Annex 1 to Council regulation (EC) no. 1698/2005. The amount granted by this measure will be determined annually on the basis of the annual marketed production of the recognized group. MEASURE 2.1.1 SUPPORT FOR LESS FAVOURITE AREAS Objectives - ensuring the continuation of agricultural land use and thereby contributing to the viability of rural communities; - promoting the sustainable farming systems. Beneficiaries The beneficiaries are natural or legal persons or groups thereof, irrespective of the legal status of their members, providing agricultural activities on the plots of land located in ATUs that are considered less favoured areas. MEASURE 2.1.3. NATURA 2000 PAYMENTS Specific objectives of the measure: To support sustainable farming activities and provide compensation for the losses incurred by the farmers due to the management requirements imposed by the implementation of the two directives.

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Support for traditional agricultural activities in order to maintain the attractiveness and specific traits of the rural landscape. Conservation of biological diversity community interest wild species of flora and fauna and priority habitats by the maintenance of traditional farming activities. Beneficiaries Farmers natural or legal persons or groups of natural or legal persons, irrespective of their legal status, practicing agriculture in the areas of Natura 2000 sites designated in Romania. MEASURE 2.1.4. AGRI-ENVIRONMENT PAYMENTS Specific objectives: a) to develop organic farming as an environmentally-friendly method of agricultural production; b) to maintain the biodiversity and landscape value of grasslands, including the significant areas of High Nature Value (HNV) grassland which are under increasing threat from changing land use, agricultural intensification and/or abandonment; c) to improve water and soil management by farmers, including in those areas affected by severe erosion and at risk of nutrient losses. List of existing sub-measures: Sub-measure 1 - Organic farming; Sub-measure 2 Extensive management of grasslands; Sub-measure 3 - Soil and water protection. Beneficiaries Natural or legal persons, or groups of natural or legal persons, irrespective of the legal status of the group and/or its members, provided they develop farming activities on the national territory. MEASURE. 2.2.1. FIRST AFFORESTATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND Objectives of the measure Increasing the afforested non-agricultural land in order to: a) improve the quality of the environment b) provide wood for bio energy purposes; c) increase the protective use of forests; Types of investments The applicants will receive support for the afforestation of agricultural land. The support consists of compensation payments made to the beneficiaries for:- 36 -


a) Establishment costs (including costs for plant material, actual planting and direct costs for planting and the like) b) Costs for after planting according to the technical norms in force (annual premium per ha for up to 5 years, starting with the establishment year) c) Compensation for loss of income due to afforestation (annual premium per ha for up to 15 years, starting with the establishment year) MEASURE 2.2.3. FIRST AFFORESTATION OF NON-AGRICULTURAL LAND Objectives of the measure Increasing the afforested non-agricultural land in order to: a) improve the quality of the environment b) increase the recreational use of forests; c) provide

Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie Nr 50 2007

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