Ket noi CN 3G
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MC LC
Li ni u.................................................................................................................... 31 Chc nng cbn ca cc phn t trong mng li .......................................... 5
1.1 Chc nng ca SGSN.................................................................................... 51.2 Chc nng ca GGSN: .................................................................................. 61.3 Chc nng ca MSC Server (Softswitch, SS) ............................................... 61.4 Chc nng ca GMSC................................................................................... 71.5 Chc nng ca HLR ...................................................................................... 71.6 Chc nng ca VLR..................................................................................... 101.7 Chc nng ca AuC: ................................................................................... 101.8 Chc nng ca EIR: .................................................................................... 10
2 Giao din kt ni gia cc phn t trong mng li......................................... 102.1 Giao din HLR -MSC Server (giao din C)................................................ 112.2 Giao din HLR -SGSN (giao din Gr)........................................................ 112.3 Giao din HLR -GGSN (giao din Gc) ....................................................... 11
3 Cc bc chuyn i ln 3G t mng 2G/2.5G............................................... 123.1 V mt thit b............................................................................................... 13
3.1.1 3G MSC. ................................................................................................. 143.1.2 3G HLR .................................................................................................. 143.1.3 3G SGSN ................................................................................................ 143.1.4 GGSN ..................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Cc giao din m.......................................................................................... 163.2.1 Giao din Iu ........................................................................................... 163.2.2 Giao din IP........................................................................................... 17
3.3 H thng truyn dn trong mng li 3G..................................................... 173.3.1 ATM trong UMTS .................................................................................. 183.3.2 Truyn ti IP.......................................................................................... 19
4 Tnh hnh p ng tiu chun ca cc hng cung cp thit b. ..................... 204.1 Nokia Siemens .............................................................................................. 21
4.1.1 MSS M13.5/M14/M15 ............................................................................ 214.1.2 Ng-HLR .................................................................................................. 234.1.3 Combi-SGSN .......................................................................................... 244.1.4 Flexi-ISN ................................................................................................ 25
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4.1.5 MGW U3/U4/U5: ................................................................................... 264.1.6 Gii php mng I-HSPA ca NSN:........................................................ 27
4.2 Huawei .......................................................................................................... 284.2.1 Enhanced Softswitch 2.0 ........................................................................ 284.2.2 SGSN 9810 ............................................................................................. 304.2.3 GGSN 9811 ............................................................................................ 30
4.3 Ericsson ........................................................................................................ 314.3.1 MSC-S Blade Cluster ............................................................................. 314.3.2 HLR ........................................................................................................ 324.3.3 SGSN 2008B ........................................................................................... 324.3.4 GGSN R5 ................................................................................................ 33
4.4 Alcatel Lucent ............................................................................................... 334.4.1 WCS 5060 ATCA (Advanced Telecom Computer Architecture) ............ 334.4.2 MGW 7549 ............................................................................................. 34
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Li ni u
Tpon thng qua nh hng trin khai cu trc h thng thng tin
di ng 3G theo phin bn R5, viphn truy nhp v tuyn s trin khai theo
cng ngh HSDPA/HSPA, mng li s dng Softswich v trin khai IMS vi
qui m nh th nghim mt s dch va phng tin trn nn SIP.
Cu hnh cbn ca h thng PLMN theo phin bn R5 c ch ra
trong hnh 1.
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
ode B ode B
IuCS IuPS
Iur
Iub
USIM
ME
MS
Cu
Uu
MSC serverSGSN
Gs
GGSNGMSCserver
Gn
HSS
(HLR,AuC)
Gr
GcC
D
E
EIR
F Gf
GiPSTN
IuCSIuPS
VLRB
Gp
VLRG
BTSBTS
Um
RNC
Abis
SIM
SIM-ME i/f or
MSC server
B
PSTN
cell
CS-MGWCS-MGW
CS-MGW
Nb
McMc
Nb
PSTNPSTN
Nc
Mc
A Gb
Go
Nc
Hnh 1: Cu hnh cbn ca h thng PLMNtheo R5
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Cc giao din kt ni gia cc phn t trong mngc chia lm 2 loi:
- Giao din bo hiu: mang thng tin iu khin
- Giao din d liu: mang thng tin d liu ngi s dng
Bng sau tng kt cc giao din kt ni, kiu giao din, giao thc sdng trn cc giao din v chc nng ca giao dinc s dng gia mt s
phn t cbn trong mng. y l cc giao din mv c 3GPP chun
ho.
Kt niGiao
dinKiu giao din Giao thc Chc nng
Cc g iao d in t rong mng li:
HLR~SS C Bo hiu MAP
Thc hin nh tuyn
cuc gi
HLR~SGSN Gr Bo hiu MAPThc hin nh tuyn
cuc gi
HLR~GGSN Gc Bo hiu MAPThc hin nh tuyn
cuc gi
SGSN~GGSN Gn/GpD liu/Bo
hiuUDP/IP
H tr di ng gia
SGSN v GGSN
SS~MGW Mc Bo hiuH.248 IP
SIGTRAN IP
Dng iu khin
MGW
Cc g iao d in kt ni mng li v mng t ruy nhp:
RNC-SS IuCS Bo hiuRANAP/AAL5/ATM
RANAP/SCCP/M3UA/SCTP/IP
RNC-MGW IuCS D liuAAL2/ ATM
RTP/UDP/IP
Thc hin kt ni cuc
gi chuyn mch knh
RNC-SGSN IuPSD liu/Bo
hiu
GTP-U/UDP/IP/AAL5/ATM
GTP-U/UDP/IP
Thc hin kt ni cuc
gi chuyn mch gi
Cc g iao d in t rong mng t ruy nhp :
RNC-NodeB IubD liu/Bo
hiuNBAP/SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5/ATM Thc hin kt ni
Ni dung bo co Nghin cu v xut tiu chun kt ni gia cc phnttrong mng li c b cc nh sau:
Phn 1: Chc nng cbn ca cc phn t trong mng li
Phn 2: Giao din kt ni vi cc phn t khc trong mng.
Phn 3: Cc bc chuyn i ln 3G t mng 2G/2.5G.
Phn 4: Tnh hnh png tiu chun ca cc hng cung cp thit b.
Phn 5: Hin trng kh nng png 3G ca 2 cng ty.Phn 6: xut hng trin khai 3G cho 2 cng ty trong giai on u.
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1 Chc nng cbn ca cc phn ttrong mng li
Mng li chia thnh 2 min: min mng li chuyn mch gi PS (SGSN
v GGSN) v minmng li chuyn mch knh (GMSC v MSC). Ngoi ra
cn c cc thnh phn khc: HLR (HSS), VLR, AuC, EiR, BG. Vai tr v chcnng chnh ca tng khi s c m t ngn gn nh sau:
Hnh 2: S mng li h thng UMTS
1.1 Chc nng ca SGSN
SGSN l im kt ni t mng truy nhp n min mng gi PS ca
mng li. Trong mng li ca mt nh khai thc c nhiu SGSN, mi SGSN
kt ni trc tip vi 1 s RNC. Mi RNC li qun l 1 s Node B v mi
nodeB s c mt s UE ang ni kt. SGSN qun l tt c cc UE ang s
dng dch v data trong vng ca n. SGSN thc hin c chc nng iu khin
v chc nng x l lu lng cho min chuyn mch gi.
Chc nng iu khin bao gm: qun l tnh di ng v qun l phin.
- Qun l tnh di ng: thc hin da vo cc thng tin: cp nht v tr
nh tuyn, ng k v tr, tm gi v iu khin cch bo mt trongchuyn mch gi. SGSN c th gi thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR
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- iu khin di ng: c im c bn ca thng tin di ng l tnh di
ng, v vy MSC Server phi c kh nng qun l tt c thu bao
nm trong vng MSC v m bo nhng thu bao c roaming
trong phm vi ca cc MSC khc.1.4 Chc nng ca GMSC
Cc ng truyn gia mng GSM/UMTS/PLMN v PSTN/ISDN khc
(hocmng PLMN khc) s mc tng i trung k quc gia hay quc t. Tt
c cc cuc gi vo mng GSM/UMTS/PLMN s c nh tuyn n mt hay
nhiu tng i gi l tng i v tuyn cng (GMSC). GMSC lm vic nh
mttng i trung k vo cho GSM/UMTS/PLMN. y l ni thc hin chc
nng nh tuyn cuc gi cho my di ngu cui.
1.5 Chc nng ca HLR
HLR l csd liu qun l thu bao di ng, lu gi tt c d liuv
v tr ca thu bao cng k cnh trong HLR (c min PS v CS).
Mt PLMN c th cha mt hoc vi HLR tu thuc vo s thu bao di
ng, dung lng thit b v t chcmng. Chc nng ca HLR bao gm:
- H trcc phn t trong min PS (SGSN v GGSN) thng qua cc
giao din Gr v Gc, cho php thu bao truy nhp cc dch v trong
min PS.
- H tr cc phn t trong min CS (MSC/MSC server v
GMSC/GMSC server) thng qua cc giao din C v D, cho php
thu bao truy nhp cc dch v trong min CS v h trroaming vi
min CS ca cc mng GSM c.
HLR c trung tm nhn thc AuC (Authentication Center) v thanh ghi
nhn dng thit b EIR (Equipment Identity Register). AuC qun l bo mt d
liu cho vic nhn thc thu bao. EIR cha cc s liu phn cng ca thit b.
Chc nng ca HSS
Trong phin bn R5: khi mng li b sung phn h a phng tin IP
(IMS) th cc thng tin ca thu bao lin quan n vic s dng cc dch v
trong min ny sc lu gi trong my ch thu bao thng tr HSS (Home
Subcriber Server). HSS l mt csd liu ch ca ngi s dng.
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im khc bit c bn gia HSS v HLR l: HSS khng ch lu gi
cc thng tin vv tr thu bao (nh HLR), m cn lu gi c thng tin lin
quan n vicng k s dngdch v trong min IM, l:
- Cc d liu lin quan n thu bao, nhn dng v nh s:Private/Public User Identity, Barring indication (ch ra nhn dng
no b cm giao tip vi IMS)
- Cc d liu lin quan nng k: trng thi ng k, s S-CSCF
(khi thu bao ng k s dng dch v IP Multimedia th sc cp
mt s S-CSCF, tng ng vi a ch SIP ca S-CSCF), a ch
Diameter Client ca S-CSCF, a ch Diameter Server caHSS
- Cc d liu lin quan n nhn thc v mt m: RAND, XRES, CK,
IK v AUTN.
- Cc d liu lin quan n thng tin la chn S-CSCF: cc kh nng
server (cha thng tin h trI-CSCF trong vic la chn S-CSCF).
- Cc thng tin lin quan n charging.
Ni mt cch khc, HSS chnh l h c s d liu chnh cho ngi dng
IP ca mng 3G UMTS. N cha cc thng tin lin quan n ng k h tr
cc thnh phn mng iu khin cc phin IP. Thnh phn ny tch hp chc
nng HLR cho c vng chuyn mch gi.
Cc chc nng logic ca HSS c m t trong hnh sau:
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Hnh 3: Cc chc nng logic ca HSS
- Chc nng qun l di ng: h trkh nng di chuyn ca ngi
dng thng qua vng chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v IMS.
HSS h tr kh nng ny bng cch lu tr thng tin a ch c
th nh v v tr ca thit b trong cu trc qun l di ng.
- Cc chc nng: to thng tin bo mt ngi dng, h tr bo mt
ngi dng v phn quyn truy nhp:c thc thi bi AuC. AuC
s gi tn hiu ti cc min v phn h ca CN thng qua thnh phn
HLR.
- Chc nng h tr cung cp dch v:cung cp kh nng truy nhp ti
d liu thng tin dch v c s dng trong min CS, min PS
v/hoc cc dch v IMS v cc dch v h tr CAMEL.
- Chc nng h tr thit lp phin/cuc gi:thc hin cc th tc h
tr thit lp cc phin, cuc gi trong min CS, min PS v IMS.
- Chc nng iu khin nhn dng: gip HSS cung cp cc tng
quan ph hp gia IMSI v MSISDN trong min CS; gia IMSI,
MSISDN v a ch IP trong min PS; gia nhn dng c nhn v cc
nhn dng cng cng cng trong phn h IMS.
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- Chc nng h tr phn quyn dch v: cung cp kh nng phn
quyn c bn cho vic thit lp phin/cuc gi v yu cu dch v.
1.6 Chc nng ca VLR
VLR l c s d liu th hai trong mng GSM. N c ni n mthoc nhiu MSC, c nhim v lu gi tm thi s liu thu bao ca cc thu
bao hin ang nm trong vng phc v ca MSC tng ng v ng thi lu
gi s liu v v tr ca cc thu bao ni trn cp nht cho MSC vi mc
chnh xc hn HLR.
Mc du nhngchc nng ny c th c trin khai bi thit b c
lp nhng tt c cc nh sn xut tng i u kt hp VLR vo MSC gim
ti lu lng iu khin vng a l ca MSC tng ng vi VLR ny. Ch
rng MSC khng cha thng tin v trm di ng c th, m cc thng tin ny
c cha cc thanh ghi a ch.
1.7 Chc nng ca AuC:
Trung tm nhn thc AuC c thc xem nh l tpcon ca HSS, thc
hin cc chc nng sau cho c min CS v PS:
- Kt hp vi HLR v lu gi kho nhn dng ca tng thu bao
ng k vi HLR. Kho ny dng to d liu bo mt cho thu
bao.
- Ch kt nin HLR kt hp ca n thng qua giao din khng c
chun ho H. HLR yu cu d liu cn nhn thc v mt m t
AuC thng qua giao din H, lu gi chng v chuyn ti VLR v
SGSN thc hin chc nng bo mt cho trm di ng.
1.8 Chc nng ca EIR:
EIR l mt phn t logic lu gi cc IMEI (Nhn dng Thit b Di ng
Quc t).
2 Giao din kt ni gia cc phn t trong mng li
HLR s dng cc giao thc bo hiu trao i thng tin bo hiu vi
cc phn t khc trn mng.
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Bo hiu gia cc thnh phn chc nng trongh thng mng s dng
H thng bo hiu s 7 (SS7).
2.1 Giao din HLR - MSC Server (giao din C)
HLR kt ni vi MSC Server thng quagiao din bo hiu C.MSC Server phi truy vn HLR v thng tin ca thu bao thc hin
nh tuyn cuc gi.
Bo hiu trn giao din ny s dng giao thc MAP.
2.2 Giao din HLR - SGSN (giao din Gr )
HLR kt ni vi SGSN thng quagiao din bo hiu Gr
Giao din ny dng trao i d liu lin quan n v tr ca trm di
ng v qun l thu bao. SGSN thng bo cho HLR v tr ca trm di ng.
HLR gi cho SGSN tt c cc d liu cn thit h tr dch v cho thu bao
di ng.
Bo hiu trn giao din ny s dng giao thc MAP.
Hnh 4: Mt phng bo hiu gia HLR - SGSN
MAP l giao thc h tr trao i bo hiu vi HLR.
TCAP v SCCP l cc giao thc dng h tr MAP trong min CS
ca cc mng PLMN.
Signalling bearer l mt trong nhng bearer bo hiu.
2.3 Giao din HLR - GGSN (giao din Gc)
HLR kt ni vi GGSN thng quagiao din bo hiu Gc.
GGSN s dng giao din ny trao i thng tin bo hiu vi HLR.
C 2 cch thc hin:
- Nu trong GGSN c ci t giao din SS7 th bo hiu trn giao
din ny s dng giao thc MAP.
SCCP SCCP
Gr
SGSN HLR
TCAP
MAP
TCAP
MAP
SignallingBearer
SignallingBearer
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Hnh 5: Bo hiu gia HLR-GGCN da trn MAP.
- Nu trong GGSN khng ci t giao din SS7 th c th s dng
GSN (GPRS Support Nodes, trong cng PLMN) bt k c ci t
SS7 lm b chuyn i giao thc t GTP sang MAP thc hin
trao i bo hiu gia HLR v GGSN
Hnh 6: Bo hiu gia HLR-GGSN da trn GTP vMAP
+ Giao thc GTP-C (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for the control
plane): tong hm (tunel) cc bn tin bo hiu gia GGSN v chuyni
giao thc ca GSN trong mng backbone.
+ Chc nng Interworking to kh nng cng lm vic gia GTP
v MAP cho bo hiu gia HLR v GGSN.
3 Cc bc chuyni ln 3G tmng 2G/2.5G
Nh chng ta bit, ch trng ca Tpon trong giai onu trin
khai 3G s thng qua bc pht trin trung gian, l s dng Softswitch p
dng cho phn li chuyn mch knh, cn phn chuyn mch gi vn l 2 node
SGSN v GGSN m nhim cho dung lng gi. Tuy nhin chc nng ca 2
node ny s khc so vi 2,5G. So snh v s khc nhau gia cc node sc
trnh by chi tit trong phn sau ca bo co ny.
SCCP
Signallingbearer
Signallingbearer
SCCP
Gc
GGSN HLR
TCAP
MAP
TCAP
MAP
Gn
UDP
L2
IP
GGSN
L1
L2
IP
GSN
GTP-C
L1
Signalling
bearer
SCCP
MAP
Signalling
bearer
SCCP
HLR
TCAP
MAPGTP-C
Gc
Interworking
TCAP
UDP
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Nhvy phng n trin khai Softswitch sc thc hin da trn h
tng mng hin c ca h thng 2G (GSM) v 2.5G (GPRS). Vy cu hit ra
l: liu cc phn t mng li ca h thng 2G/2.5G hinang s dng c th
pngc 3G hay khng? Hoc chng c th nng cpc hay khng?hay cn phi b sung thm cc phn t mi.
tr li cu hi ny chng ta cn phi phn tch mt cch k lng tt
c cc vn lin quan khng ch v mt k thut m cn c cc loi hnh dch
vc cung cp trong h thng 2G/2.5G/3G. V cc bc chuyni ln 3G
t 2G/2.5G c xem xt theo 3 kha cnh sau: thit b, giao din v h thng
truyn dn.
3.1 V mtthitb
Trong giai onu trin khai 3G, cc dch v thi gian thc nh thoi
v video s tip tc s dng min CS thng qua MSC Server. Cc dch v non
real-time (email chng hn) cng s tip tc c s dng thng qua mng
GPRS.
trin khai 3G da trn mng li 2.5G, cn phi nng cp cc phn t
sau: SGSN, MSC v HLR.
Hnh sau m t cc phn t ci tin trong mng li:
Hnh 7: Cc phn t ci tin trong mng li 3G
Da vo hnh trn, xt cho mng li, c th nhn thy rng: vic ci tin
nh hng ch yu ti SGSN, MSC v HLR. Cc phn t ny hoc s c nn
tng cu trc mi hoc s cho php nng cp phnmm cng vi b sung phn
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cng chn lc. Qu trnh ny sc thc hin khc nhau gia cc nh khai
thc.
Trc tin chng ta s xem xt cc bc chuyni cho 3G MSC.
3.1.1 3G MSC.
3G MSC s trthnh phn t chnh trong min CS CN. Nhn chung tu
tng nh khai thc, 3G MSC s bao gm c VLR phc vng thi c GSM
BSS v 3G RAN bng cch kt hp c 2 giao din A v Iu. Giao din Iu s
c thc hin bng cch nng cp phn cng theo 2 cch:
+ Cm thm card vo MSC.
+ B sung Softswitch mi, SS c ni vi MSC 2G thng qua giao
din Nc bng ATM.
Khi 3G MSC s thc hiniu khin v tnh cc cho cc dch v
ca c 2 mng 2G v 3G. Hn na, mt vi 3GMSC s c kt ni vi nhau
thng qua giao din IPv ghp lu lng Iu ca RNC.
3.1.2 3G HLR
Trong hu ht trng hp, 3G HLR s ci tin t 2G HLR bng cch
nng cp phn mm (SW), ngha l cng mt HLR (bao gm c AuC v EIR)
s phc vc cc thu bao dng dual-mode 2G/3G vi thng tin thng bao
tp trung. V th, nh cung cp dch v s ch s dng mt trung tm kch
hot thu bao 2G (thoi GSM hoc GPRS) v 3G vi cc lu lng khc nhau.
Khi thng tin trong 3G HLR bao gm:
- d liu h sthu bao cho cc dch v 2G v 3G,
- nhn dng thu bao (h sca thu bao hin ti vi dch vc
kch hot)...
- d liu dynamic (d liu qun l thu bao),
- thng tin nhn thc,
- thng tin nhn dng thit b.
3.1.3 3G SGSN
Nh minh ho trong hnh 7 cn phi ci tin 2G SGSN ln 3G SGSN
h trcc dch v PS 3G. Khi 3G SGSN s:
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- kt ni vi RNC thng qua giao din Iu, vi GGSN qua Gn v vi
SGSN ca mng khc qua Gp. Giao din vt l Iu nhn chung s
dng giao din quang STM-1 qua ATM, cn Gn v Gp c th s
dng cng ngh Ethernet hoc ATM.- kt ni vi HLR thng qua giao din Gr, vi EIR qua Gf v SMSC
qua Gd bng giao din mng SS7. Mt vi trng hp c th s
dng X.25 hoc IP ni vi SMSC. Nhn chung cc giao din vt
l SS7 cho Gf, Gr v Gd s dng kt ni E1-PCM hoc T1-PCM.
- kt ni vi gateway tnh cc thng qua giao din Ga.
Cc chc nng khc ca 3G SGSN (c thtu thuc vo k hoch trin
khai ca tng nh khai thc) bao gm: IPv6, qun l di ng, qun l phin,
QoS, multiple PDP trn 1 a ch IP, tunnelling, ghi cc, IPSec, lawful
interception, SMS, pre-paid.
S khc nhau v mt chc nng ca 2G SGSN v 3G SGSN c tng
kt trong bng sau.
Bng2: Chc nng c bn ca 2G SGSN v 3G SGSN
Nhn vo bng trn ta thy, bn cnh nhng chc nng ging nhau, cn
c nhng im khc cn bn, v d nh ciphering v compression khng thc
hin3G SGSN m RNC. Qun l di ngc thc hinc 3G SGSN v
RNC. BSC khng thc hin bt k chc nng no trong bng trn. 3G SGSN s
h trcc ng dng nhy cm vi tr, v din thoi IP v a phng tin
thi gian thc yu cunh tuyn dung lng cao, cc chc ny khng c
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thc hin2G SGSN. V th, ci tin ln 3G s phi b sung thm mt vi
chc nng png nhu cu dung lng x l cao hn.
3.1.4 GGSN
Trong hu ht trng hp, 2G GGSN s khng cn thay i cu trc, mch cn nng cp phn mm c th h trc 3G. Trong bt k trng hp
no GGSN ng vai tr l mt giao din gia GPRS/3G vi cc mng ngoi,
kt ni GPRS v mng li 3G vi th gii Internet, cc ISP, Intranet, gip cho
thu bao nhnc cc dch v s liu. Ni mt cch khc, c th xem GGSN
nh l mt router t mng ngoi. Khi chc nng ca GGSN l:
- h trkt hp GPRS v 3G.
- h trnhiuim truy nhp trn mt GGSN v nhiu ngcnh PDP
trn 1 a ch IP.
- h trcc giao thcnh tuyn chun nh RIPv1-v2, OSPF, IGRP,
BGP4, DVMPR...
- IPSec and lawful interception.
- Pre-paid, chuyni tc cnh...
Kt lun: V mt thit b cn ci tin 3 phn t chnh: MSC, HLR v
SGSN bng cch nng cp HW (MSC) hoc SW (HLR, SGSN), cn GGSN c
th s dng chung cho c 2G v 3G, ch cn mrng GGSN khi s thu bao
pht trin vt qu dung lng ca n.
Bn cnh ci tin v mt thit b, khi trin khai 3G cng cn phi xt n
cc giao din kt ni gia cc phn t hoc c th s c thm nhng giao din
mi. Phntip theo s phn tch chi tit kha cnh ny.
3.2 Cc giao din m
Trong mng li 3G, ngoi cc giao din kt ni cc phn t bn trong
(nh phn tch mc 2) cn xut hin thm 2 giao din mi: giao din Iu v
giao din IP.
3.2.1 Giao din Iu
Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN vi mng li, c chia logic thnh 2
loi sau:
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- Iu-CS:dng cho lu lng chuyn mch knh, da trn giao thc
truyn ti ATM v
- Iu-PS:dng cho lu lng chuyn mch gi, ch yu da trn giao
thc IP truyn qua ATM.Gi s rng: MSC cng c th ghp giao din Iu-CS vo SGSN vi ch
1 giao din vt l duy nht t RNC ti mng li v gi s rng MSC s dng
module ATM tng tc vi ATM da trn RAN.
3.2.2 Giao din IP
Giao din mi th 2 trong CN lin quan n cc ng truyn IP, giao thc
ny c d bo s xuthin khi trin khai UMTS, khi cc MSC s h tr
kt ni IP. V th gii php ny c thc dnh nh sau:
- mt tnh nng mi trong MSC, s l giao thc chc nng IP tch hp
gia bo hiu ca 2 MSC v d liu ngi dng gia CS v PS;
- chc nng IP tch hp sa ra kiu bo hiu trung k mi cho h
thng chuyn mch MSC, ngha l SS7 over IP;
- truyn dn trn mng IP sc thc hin nh s dng giao thc
UDP trong ngn giao thc TCP/IP, c truyn bo hiu v truyn
phng tinu s s dng giao thc;
- data, fax, compressed speech scng thnh cc gi IP v c
truyn ti chuyn mch khc bi giao thc truyn thi gian thc
(RTP) trn UDP.
Kt lun: h thng UMTS gii thiu 2 giao thc cbn Iu v IP. Chng
b sung kch c mi cho mng GSM hin c bn cnh cc giao din c
trong mng li.
Phn tip theo chng ta s xem xt cc bc chuyni ln 3G trn quan im
truyn dn.
3.3 H thng truyn dn trong mngli 3G
Khi thc hin xy dngmng truynti mi cn phi xem xt n cc
yu tnh hng l: cc dch v mi (vi lu lng trung bnh trn mt
thu bao cao hn s lm tng mt truyn ti ti khu vc thnh ph, sau s
dn ti phi tng s trm pht v dn ti phi xy dng mt h thng truyn ti
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mi. Hn na, vicci tin dch v cng sng vai tr quan trng bi v mt
s lng ln mng 3G vn s tip tc phc v cc thu bao 2G. Cc thu bao
ny s tip tc s dng cc ng dng ci tin nh: SMS, email, ftp, internet,
interactive games, video calls, WAP, e-commerce, and video telephony ...
V cc ng dng a phng tin tng ln nn lu lng c th cng
tng, ng thi cc dch v thigian thc vi yu cu v tr cht hn cng s
dn dn tng ln.
V th mng truyn dn 3G s yu cu linh hot cao hn tng dung
lng v h trnhiu giao thc hn na (v d ATM, IP). Ngoi ra cng s yu
cu v QoS, tin cy v bo mt.
Tuy nhin, trong giai onu trin khai 3G, s lng thu bao cha
nhiu, nn tn dng csh tngvin thng ca mng 2G tiu chi ph
u t.
H thng truyn dn c chia lm 2 cp: cp vng v cp trc.
- Cp vng: truyn ti lu lng cho mng truy nhp v tuyn
(backhaul).
- Cp trc: truyn ti lu lng cho mng li (backbone).
Hin nay, cng ngh TDM c s dng ch yutrong mng truyn ti
backbone trong cc mng t bo. Ngoi ra, cc dch v thay i khc nhau
c truyn trn cc cng ngh truyn thng nh PDH hoc SDH. V mng cn
phi ci tin rt nhanh pngc cc dch va phng tin nn mng
backhaul truyn dn hin ti khng ph hp vi cc yu cu dch v d liu,
cng ngh truyn dn da trn TDM cho cc dch v thoi trong min CS s c
nhiu hn ch, khng png yu cu linh hot v hiu qu cho cc dch v d
liu. C 2 gii php a ra khc phc tnh trng ny: cng ngh truyn ti
ATM v cng ngh s dng giao thc IP.
3.3.1 ATM trong UMTS
Khng ging TDM, cng ngh ATM thc hin truyn ti thng tin theo
cc lungcell, do khc phcc nhng hn ch trong mng truyn ti
hin ti v pngc yu cu mm do ca giao din v tuyn UMTS.
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Cc tiu chun 3GPP ch ra rng: cc phn t mng RAN phi c
chun ho kt nic vi mng truyn ti ATM. Thit b ca cc nh cung
cp thit b phic trang b theo cng ngh ATM, ngha l cc phn t RAN
c cha cng truy nhp ATM v thc hin giao thc bo hiu ATM. Bi v mikt ni ATM c xc nh theo cc lp xc nh nn c kh nng h trc
ch QoS hiu qu. Tuy l hiu qu hn TDM, nhng ATM cng vn cn mt
s hn ch: bo hiu ATM qu phctp v gy ra tr khng mong mun trong
mng. V th tm im ch ca 3GPP l cng ngh IP. Tuy nhin, IP c th
thc hin trn mng backbone ATM hin c v do , trong tng lai gn,
ATM vngi vai tr quan trng trong mng t bo.
3.3.2 Truyn ti IP
Vi s pht trin nhanh chng vic s dng IP ton cu v s hi t cc
dch v vin thng v IP, phng thc truyn tiIP trong mng t bo trnn
cn thit hn bao giht. Truyn ti IP c kh nng h trcu hnh mng phn
b v cu hnh mng mm do hn so vi TDM v ATM. Mng truyn ti IP
mng li hiu qu kinh t, n gin v d trin khai. IP c xem l tp hp
cc ngn giao thc, c xc nh bi IETF. Tt c cc dch v (nh email,
duyt web, ti file, tr chi...) s dng IP u truyn d liu qua mng ton
cu. V tng gi d liuc xc nh bia ch ton cu duy nht nn d
liu ngi dng c thc phn phin gin theo cchnha ch v
nh tuyn khi d liuc truyn t ngun tich.
Tuy nhin, vic chuyni truyn ti t ATM sang IP cn phiu t
rt ln, n phi c thc hin trong cc chu k ci tin khc nhau, thng
thng btu t mng truyn ti, sau n mng li v mng truy nhp. V th
chuyn ti mt mng all IP l mt qu trnh lu di.
Hnh 8 m t cu trc h thng truyn ti li trong mi trng trin khai
kt hp 3G v 2G.
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Hnh 8: Cu hnh mng truyn ti li tch hp
H tng mng backhaul theo vng da trn SDH s kt ni cc BSC vi
trung tm chuyn mch ti cc thnh ph chnh. Mng backhaul s cung cp
dung lng cao theo kiu phn b. Lu lng thoi GSM s dng truyn dn
TDM, cn lu lng UTRAN v lu lng d liu gi GPRS s dng chung
truyn ti ATM, u tin chng c kt ni vi nhau theo tng ring, ri t
kt ni vi chuyn mch ATM trong MSC site. Lung lu lng gia cc MSC
s dng truyn dn STM trn nn mng backbone SDH.
Gi srng trung bnh mi ring kt nic khong 4-6 BSC ni ti
MSC. Trn thc t, lu lng bo hiu thng dng n lung E1. Lu lng d
liu cao hn cn dng n lung STM1. Khi lu lng ti pht trin hn na s
phi dng STM-4 hoc STM-16.
4 Tnh hnh png tiu chun ca cc hng cung cp thit b.
Trn y trnh by chc nng ca cc phn t mng li h thng 3G,
ng thi cng a ra phn tch cc bc chuyn i t 2G ln 3G da trn 3
kha cnh: thit b, giao din v h thng truyn dn. Qua c th thy rng:
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chuyn i ln 3G c th thc hin theo 2 cch: hoc nng cp cc thit b
hin c hoc b sung thit b mi.
Phn tip theo s xem xt kh nng p ng tiu chun ca cc hng cung
cp thit b: Nokia Siemens, Huawei, ZTE, Ericsson v Alcatel Lucent theo cctiu ch sau:
- Tnh nng ca cc phn t trong mng li: MSS, HLR, MGW,
SGSN v GGSN.
- Kh nng nng cp t cc phn t hin c trong mng 2G/2.5G hin
ti.
- Cc kh nng h tr giao din kt ni vi cc phn t khc trong
mng.
4.1 Nokia Siemens
4.1.1 MSS M13.5/M14/M15
c tnh ca MSS M13.5/M14/M15 tng ng nh sau: ():
- Dung lng : 1.500.000/3.000.000 /4.000.000 thu bao
- BHCA : 1.200.000/4.000.000/5.500.000
- S cuc gi ng thi c th h tr: 41.500 /80.000/100.000 cuc- Thi im trin khai: 2Q2007/4Q2007/3Q2009
Kh nng nng cp ccthit b MSC2G ln MSS :
Hin nay VNPT ang s dng 2 loi tng i ca NSN l MSC DX200
M12 v MSC CMX5000 :
- MSC DX200: c th nng cp trc tip ln MSS M14;
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- MSC CMX5000: khng nng cp ln MSS c v y l phin bn
c, tuy nhin n c chungplatform vi HLR, STP hin ti, do c
th s dng song song vi MSSmihoc chuyn thnh HLR, STP.
Ngoi ra, NSN cn gii thiu sn phm NVS:
Chc nng NVS: c kh nng h tr SIP server ngay trn MSS ca NSN. Duy
nht NSN c chc nng ny tch hp trong tng i.
NVS h tr kh nng thit lp cuc gi VoIP t cc thit b u cui c
kt ni internet (VD: Laptop vi phn mm VoIP, in thoi c wifi, USB
stick ni vi Laptop hoc PC ti internet caf). Cung cp phng thc truy
nhp mng mi qua internet trong khi thu bao c kh nng gi s in thoi
ca mng, kh nng gi nhn nhn tin, kh nng h tr thu bao tr trc v
ton b dch v truyn thng ca mng mobile.
Tm li:NVS l Mobile VoIP, thch hp cho cc vn phng, sinh vin,
gii tr thc gip lun gi lin lc d ni ko c sng di ng; Mang li tringhim mi cho cch lin lc ca ngi dng in thoi di ng. Li ch cho
operator: trin khai nhanh, s dng li ton b cc h thng mng v kt ni
hin c: (IN, Billing, SMSC ); gim ti thiu chi ph cho 1 cuc gi, thu ht
thu bao mang li thng hiu cho nh i.
NVS is a SW product on top of MSCServer.
One element handling 2G, 3G and VoIP. Smooth evolution towards IMS
framework.
NVS is a Carrier Class VoIP Server2G
3G
NVS
MGW
NVS leverage voice over broadband Safe investment
NVS The shortcut to VoIP
PSTN
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4.1.2 Ng-HLR
Nokia Siemens a ra gii php subcriber-centric thng qua thit b Ng-
HLR (Next Generation-HLR), ngha l: trc y thng tin thu bao c qun
l ring r (v d: trong cc mng di ng GSM, GPRS, IMS, UMA hoc trongmng c nh PSTN, WiFi, xDSL, thubao trong tng mng ny c qun l
ring).Nay mi thng tin v thu bao u c qun l bi mt c s d liu
duy nht l Ng-HLR.
- c im ca Ng-HLR:o C kh nng h tr 2G, 3G, VoIP, Video Call Khi cn b
sung thm dch v mi ch cn thm khi v c ni ti
trung tm lu gi bng cc ng bo hiu.
o Dung lng ca Ng-HLR c th t hn 100 triu thu bao.
- Cch trin khai Ng-HLR:
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o Trin khai Ng-HLR mi: vi cc thu bao 3G pht trin mi
v cc dch v mi s c lu gi trong Ng-HLR.
o Sau s chuyn dn cc thu bao 2G c vo Ng-HLR.
o S s dng 3 Ng-HLR t ti 3 thnh ph ln tng dphng, m bo thng tin ca thu bao khng b gin on khi
c s c v mng.
- u im ca Ng-HLR:
o a ra dch v mi nhanh hn nh cch qun l tp trung
thng tin thu bao.
o Gim chi ph qun l thu bao.
Kh nng nng cp cc thit bHLR 2G ln HLR 3G :hin trn mng VNP cc
thit b HLR khng s dng ca Nokia Siemens nn NSN khng a ra gii
php nng cp cho thit b ny.
4.1.3 Combi-SGSN
c tnh ca Combi-SGSN:
- Dung lng: vi dng sn phm SG6, cu hnh 2 rack: 1.5M subs;
1M PDPctx.
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- C kh nng h tr a truy nhp c 2G, 3G, hay Direct Tunnel v
LTE trong tng lai.
Kh nng nng cp thit b SGSN t 2G ln 3G:
Hon ton c thnng cp c cc SGSN hin c ca NSN h tr 3Gtrong cng 1 h thng.
4.1.4 Flexi-ISN
Chc nng ca Flexi-ISN:- Ngoi chc nng GGSN truyn thng, Flexi-ISN cn h tr chc
nng SA (Service Awareness) u vit. Flexi_ISN c tch hp kh
nng bt gi v phn tch tt c cc gi tin i qua h thng, qua x
l trc tip gi tin v/hoc a thng tin vo trong CDR (SA -CDR).
Flexi c th bt thng tin lp 3, 4 thm ch c lp 7 .
- Dung lng Flexi-ISN:
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4.1.5 MGW U3/U4/U5:
MGW U4 ca NSN c kh nng h tr a giao din: vd: Gb over FR,
Gb over IP; Iu over ATM; Iu over IP mt MGW U4 ca NSN c kh nng
h tr ti 2 500 000 BHCA (tng ng 1,67 triu thu bao vi
BHCA=1.5/subs)
Ngoi ra MGW ca NSN cn h tr hon ton cc chc nng ca
R4,5,6,7 nh TrFo, TFO, Ater interfaces cho Gb, AMR, IP CAC
MGW ca NSN c a ra th trng sm nht t 2004 v NSN l
vendor chnh trong vic pht trin cc chun tnh nng mi trn 3GPP
R4,5,6,7,8
Flexi ISN:
1 Gbit/s throughput
1M PDP
Flexi ISN dual chassis:
5 Gbit/s throughput
2M PDP
LTE
5x
10x
HSPA+HSPA+
2G/3G
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4.1.6 Gii php mng I-HSPA ca NSN:
Theo tin trnh chun ha HSPA ca 3GPP: gii php Direct tunnel
c gii thiu trong R7: SGSN ng vai tr x l bo hiu, qun l mobility
ca thu baoD liu khi truyn t mng ngoi ti thu bao s khng qua
SGSN m t GGSN trc tip n RNC. (thng thng s phi t GGSN ->
SGSN-> RNC ..)
I -HSPA l mt khi nim c bit ca NSN, u vit hn so vi HSPA
R7 v pht trin da trn HSPA R7 v tng ca LTE. Vi gii php ny, d
liu t mng ngoi s i trc tip t GGSN ti NodeB. Khi NodeB cn c 1s chc nng ca RNC dnh cho Packet Core. Gii php ny mang li bng
GGSN
RNC
Node-B
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
Node-B
SGSN
Direct tunnel
GGSN
SGSN
I-HSPA
MME/
Node-B
LTE/SA
eNode-B
HSPA R6 HSPA R7 HSPA R7 LTE R8
UserControl
plane
SAE GW/
GGSN
GGSN
BSC
BTS
SGSN
2G
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thng ln hn, tit kim hn cho u t v t trhn cho mng mobile data.
Hin ti Flexi NodeB ca NSN h tr chc nng ny (I-HSPA), v trin
khai thc t mt s nc trn th gii .
4.2 Huawei
4.2.1 Enhanced Softswitch 2.0
c tnh ca Enhanced Softswitch 2.0 ca Huawei:
- H tr mt s module x l dch v multimedia trn cng gi
thit b ca softswitch c.
- Khi softswitch s x l dch v thoi, cn multimedia module s
x l cc dch v multimedia.
- Danh sch cc multimedia module trong Enhanced SS 2.0 c m
t trong bng sau:
- Softswitch ni vi multimedia module bng giao thc SIP (xem
hnh v).
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- C th d dng m rng dung lng:
o Tt c cc phn t IMS c tch hp trong cng 1 rack, c
th h tr 350.000 thu bao.
o CSC3300 c th h tr ti 20 triu thu bao.
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o C th d dng m rng dung lng bng cch chng thm
cc board mch v cc gi (rack).
o HLR, MGW v Msoftswicth c th nng cp ln HSS, IMS-
MGW v MGCF bng phn mm.4.2.2 SGSN 9810
SGSN 9810 c th s dng cho c 2G v 3G, c kh nng h tr ng
thi 3 triu thu bao.
4.2.3 GGSN 9811
Cc c imca GGSN 9811:
- Dung lng ln: 5.000.000 PDP context
- Data througput: 30 Gbps.
- C kh nng trace c cc thng tin sau: signalling message, data
packet, interface message, user message v message explanation.
- C th hin th s liu o kim cht lng theo danh sch v theo
th.
- Qun l li thi gian thc (thng qua cnh bo: alarm panel v alarm
box), c th a ra thng bo li chi tit
c th nhanh chng tmc nguyn nhn gy li.
-
Cu trc logic ca GGSN 9811: GGSN 9811 bao gm cc module
sau:access management (AM), service management (SM), charging
management (CM), platform service (PS), operation and maintenance (OM),
and local maintenance terminal (LMT)
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4.3 Ericsson
4.3.1 MSC-S Blade Cluster
- Signalling proxy chuyn i bo hiu TDM/ATM thnh all-IP chuyn ln MSC-S Blade (tc 100 Gbps).
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- Dung lng MSC-S Blade:
o h tr ti a 8 triu thu bao (ti a c 2 cabinet, mi cabinet
cha 8 card, mi card h tr 500.000 thu bao).
- Bo hiu: s dng IP, tuy nhin vn h tr bo hiu trn TDM.
4.3.2 HLR
- Bo hiu da trn cc giao din TDM, ATM, IP.
- Dung lng cao: vi dng sn phm APZ 212 50 (R12): hn 10 triu
thu bao.
- kh dng cao: 99,999%. (2,74 min/year/node System Down
Time).
4.3.3 SGSN 2008B
- Dung lng: ti a 2 MSAU (Multi-Station Access Unit), 2.5 Gbps
v 450 Mbps (giao din Gb/IP).
o Vi lu lng ln nn s dng gii php SGSN pool.
o 1 SGSN h tr c 40.000 cell
- SGSN 2008B c tt c SW h tr mi cu hnh phn cng, tr khi
phi tng dung lng.
- S dng cu hnh dual core MkV v MkVI HW cho php m rng
dung lng bo hiu.
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TL (Triple) configuration : 3 ATCA shelves.
TL1, *TL2
4.4.2 MGW 7549
- H tr giaodin bo hiu sau: Iu Interface (MGW RNC)
A Interface (MGW BSC)
Mc Interface (MGWWCS)
o EGCP (Binary derivative of H.248)
o OA&M
o DTMF Out of Band (OOB) via EGCP
o IPBCP
CAS for E911 signaling
Hnh : Cc giao din bo hiu ca MGW
- H trcc giao din vt l sau:
E1/T1/DS-3/OC-3/STM-1
o GSM A interface (MGW BSS)
o Legacy TDM networks (MGW TDM)
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o 911 CAS trunks (MGW TDM)
o BSS bearer (MGW BSS) (TDM)
OC-3c/STM-1c
o RNC bearer (MGW RNC) (ATM)
Ethernet (10/100 Base-T)o MGW control, maintenance, configuration,
DTMF OOB Signaling (WCSMGW)
Gigabit Ethernet
o IP bearer (MGWMGW)
VoP (MGW VoP Network)
Nb (MGW 3GPP Nb Backbone)
Hnh : Cc giao din vt l ca MGW