Hurjui - Limba Engleza

7/28/2019 Hurjui - Limba Engleza

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UNIT 1

MEETING PEOPLE

UNIT 2THE PLACE OF WORK

UNIT 3

JOBS & CAREERS

UNIT 4

GETTING A JOB

UNIT 5

THE MEANING OF SUCCESS

UNIT 6

TEAMWORK & LEADERSHIP

APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 2Glossary of Specialised Terms

ENGLISH PRACTICAL

COURSE (I)

Lect. dr. Mariana HURJUI

C U P R I N S


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English practical course

1

ENGLISH PRACTICAL COURSE

English Practical Course is a set of texts designed for students who have reached abroadly intermediate level and wish to improve their communicative skills in English.

Each unit of the course deals with a key topic of our everyday professional and sociallife and serves as an introduction to the English terminology related to this area .

Aims of the course

The overall purpose of the book is twofold: to offer students topics and basicvocabulary in the field of their professional life, and to present a range of work-related

situations in the form of interaction patterns (group-work, pair work, class discussions)to contribute to the development of their communication skills.

The language purpose lies in:

the development of students reading, speaking, writing skills and their ability toexpress themselves accurately;

the introduction and practice of the functional language required in everydaysituations;

the increase of students general vocabulary and idiomatic use of language; the development of studentsconfidence in written communication practice.

Organisation of the units

Reading The reading texts focus on major everyday work-related topicsand match the needs and interest of those who want to learn moreabout the issues they are faced with in their job, careeradvancement, job search, motivation and leadership.

Understanding the main points. Following each reading text, isa variety of text-comprehension tasks that require active rather

than passive responses. This includes true/false statements,sentence completion, grid completion.

Vocabulary This section practices the lexical items that have already beenintroduced in the Reading part, as well as general work relatedterms. The course contains various vocabulary-check exercises,such as gap-filling, multiple-choice completion, word formation,all of them designed to consolidate students career-relatedterminology.


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Grammar reference The points of grammar are those that appear mostfrequently as problem areas of English grammar:present /past/passive voice are presented as brief summaryof rules. They are related to the content of each unit andcover some of the main areas that students at this level

continue to find problematic, such as: asking direct/indirect questions, verb tenses, the passive etc. The

Practice sub-section is meant to help the studentsinternalise the structure and do some remedial grammarwork.

Communication Skills This section provides the student with the opportunity todevelop the communicative abilities needed to function inthe professional world and is intended for tutorials. Thissection comprises a language function part that highlightsa variety of phrases and expressions used in meeting and

greeting people, asking for and giving advice,makingsuggestions etc.

Appendix 1 It includes a set of grammar exercises which are intendedto be supplementary work for those who want toconsolidate their knowledge of grammar.

Appendix 2 It comprises a list of irregular verbs and a glossary of theterms and phrases practiced in the reading text.


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UNIT 1

MEETING PEOPLE

1.1. Reading

Go through the following dialogues in which people are meeting and being introduced

to each other and decide which one is formal, neutral or informal.

AScot How do you do? My names Scot Deanly.

Kate How do you do? Im Kate Morrick.

Scot I work for Duncan & Pluck. We design and manufacture office

equipment. Im the Sales Manager.

Kate Thats interesting.

Scot What about you ?

Kate Im a secretary to Mr. Jamson, the CEO of our company. We are in

software.

Scot And where are you based ?

Kate In Sheffield. We have our central office there and two offices in

Plymouth. And you?

B

Mr. Thatcher Id just like to introduce myself. My names Max Thatcher and Im a

researcher at Blissfull pharmaceutical company. You may have heardabout us.

Ms. Brown Oh, yes. I have. How are you? Im Jane Brown and Im a Dean of The

Hague University.

Mr. Thatcher I see. And what are you in charge with and who do you report to?

Ms. Brown I report to the Senior Vice President and I am responsible for providing

administrative leadership for the university which is comprised of eleven

departments. Now, give me an insight of your job.

Mr. Thatcher Well, Im supposed to develop research projects and obtain associatedfinance from Government and industry sources.


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C

Tim Hi, Iris. Im Tim. Tim Brown. How are you? Havent seen you since

yesterday when we met at the party. What are you doing here?

Iris Hello. Fine thanks. How are you? Im hanging around waiting for my

friend to show up. Were going to a pub together. Arent you joining us?

Tim Well.., I dont know. Right now Im on my way to Victors to give him a

lift to the airport. Hes flying to Prague tonight. But later on Ill pop in

the pub. Bye.

Iris See you.

Complete the table below with the phrases used for introduction and greetings that you

have found in the text. Supply other examples.

INTRODUCING YOURSELF

FORMAL

Good morning. May I introduce myself? My name is.

INFORMAL

Hello. Im Tim..

GIVING DETAILS ABOUT YOU AND YOUR JOB

For the moment I am a consultant with PM Morgan group..


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1.2. Vocabulary

1.2.1. Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the box

below.

behaviour committed resources eager

philosophy view background purpose

Paul Barton MA , Dip Tchg, , established Training for Change in 1994. His.1 is to

offer training and facilitation services to corporate business in the area of human

dynamics.Nick has a..2 in teaching, television production and corporate communications. From

these experiences he has formed his.3. for his business: "the purpose of any initiative

is to support people to change their 4

His5 is that most people do the best job they can with the resources they have. But

many people in business have not been given the 6.necessary to carry out their

roles effectively. By introducing more skills and strategies in a supportive environment,

people are 7 to improve their own performance.

He is also strongly .8 to ensuring that the services he provides meet the needs of

the organisation concerned. "The key to any effective communications or trainingprogramme is to clearly define its purpose. Only then can you determine the most

effective strategies to achieve that purpose."

1.3. Grammar Reference The Progressive Tenses

The progressive tenses are used to express an action in process or lasting for a limited

time. The emphasis is on the continuity of the event. The progressive forms may appear

in any of the simple tenses.

The present continuous tense comprises two parts: To be + V-ing

It is used to express: - an activity happening at the moment of speaking

The Chancellor is delivering the annual speech on the performance of the university.

We are writing a report on the increase in lateness of our staff.

an activity happening around the time of speaking

- Merchants are increasing retail sales by using catalogues.

- The market outlook for our economy is getting better.


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an activity indicating a definite arrangement in the future

- Im meeting the Accounting Manager next week.

- Were presenting the results of the field work at next months meeting.

Practice

1.3.1. Make six sentences based on the following options.

Time expression Subject Present continuous Object

At present they is explaining pay raise

Currently our staffs are expanding the rationale

Right now my Dean are improving fast

At the moment we is getting their work

vocabulary

1.3.2. Read the following text. It contains five examples of the present continuous tense.

Classify them according to different uses shown in the box below.

The department is presently undergoing (1) major reorganisation. We are reducing (2)

the number of office staff and relocating (3) some personnel in other departments. This

month we are also advertising (4) for two new senior management posts. Our present

director is leaving (5) at the end of the year.

Activity at or around temporary activity fixed arrangement

The time of speaking in the present in the future

1.3.3.Read the following dialogue.

Michael: What are you doing now, John?

John: I'm finishing preparations for our meeting tomorrow morning.

Michael: Is Patrizia coming?

John: Yes, she's arriving this evening.

Michael: Oh good. What are you doing this evening?

John: Nothing.

Michael: Well, I'm meeting Felix, to discuss the trip to Japan next week.

Could you join us?


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John: Er, no, I don't think so ...

Complete the following sentences:

1. Now John is ____________________________________________________

2. Tomorrow morning, Michael, John and Patrizia ________________________3. Tonight Michael _________________________________________________

4. Tonight John isn't ________________________________________________

5. Next week they __________________________________________________

TRANSFER

What are you doing now?

What are you doing tomorrow?

Think of a friend or colleague. What is he/she doing now?

Where are you going on Tuesday next week?

Are you working on any special project at the moment?

1.4. Communication Skills

1.4.1. Work in groups and exchange information on the following issues:

In your workplace or place of study, who do you call by their first names, and who by

their surname?

When do you start calling a person by their first name?

What is your experience following an introduction to a foreigner?

Do you have stereotyped ideas about foreigners?

What are the topics you do not usually talk about with a new acquaintance?

1.4.2. Work in pairs. Elicit from your partner some information concerning his/her

behavior when meeting/greeting new visitors.

The impression he/she tries to give to the people

The impression he/she tries not to give

His/her concern on the cultural differences

The topics of interest that she/he brings up: politics/ sport/travel/business/ religion/

etc.


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UNIT 2THE PLACE OF WORK

2.1. Reading

Text A

The Chubb name is synonymous with security, and has been for 185 years. The brand

has instant recognition and leadership positions in places as diverse as Sydney, Toronto,Hong Kong, London, Paris and Johannesburg.

But the global business world demands more than a great tradition, and Chubb is

transforming itself. Just three years ago, 70% of Chubbs turnover was derived from

manufacturing today its less than 10%. Chubb is a company focused on the delivery

of fire protection and security services. This includes the provision of electronic security

and monitoring; fire detection and suppression; security personnel and rapid response.

The delivery of this broad range of services involves dovetailing the latest technologywith a high level of human skill, into solutions that suit our customers' requirements.

Like all service providers, we have to be expert not just at what we do, but at

understanding our clients needs, and giving them an experience of security which is

seamless, reliable and cost-effective.

This portfolio of fire and security services, the skill and expertise of our 48 000 people

and the innovative technology-driven solutions we offer customers, has enabled Chubb

to develop market leading positions in key geographic territories(http://www.chubb.co)

2.1. Comprehension Questions

Decide if the following statements are true or false? (v)

1. Chubb company produces photographic equipment. ....

2. The companys reputation is restricted to a small geographic area.......

3. Chubb has diversified its business in the last three years......

4. Chub takes great pride in being customer-oriented.......

5. One can find the state of the art technology in Chubbs services......

T

...

..

...

...

..

F

..

..

..

..

..


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2.2. Vocabulary

2.2.2. Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the box

below.

employees flexitime responsible applicants ask

business office workers solicitor VAT draw up

1. Setting up a.involves a lot of formalities.

2. In my opinion,..are not paid very well

3. ..is a tax on certain products and services sold by business.

4. All companies should offer their.. free lunch.

5. You are.for scheduling and processing orders6. My boss always .for the opinions of all the members of the department.

7. It is advisable to choose your partners carefully and employ a..to draw up a

partnership agreement.

8. A limited company is required to.a memorandum and articles of association.

9. At my workplace we have a..programme.

10.All the for the postgraduate degree on Communication should forward an

original plus two copies of an application and resume`.

2.3. Grammar Reference The Present Simple

The Present Simple refers to regular events and permanent states or situations:

I work for Goodyear Company and travel abroad a lot.

You go to work by 8 oclock train every morning.

We have a large shareholding in this firm.

They are Senior managers and report to the Managing

Director.In the affirmative the Present Simple adds an -s to the third person

singular (he/she it):

She asks for details of costs and insurance.

He accepts the offer without any comment.

It employs people regardless of age or background.

Verbs ending in ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o add es to form the third person

Singular:

The price goes up every month.

She cashes in the bonds regularly.The secretary does the typing every other day.


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Verbs ending in a consonant +y change it into ies:

He tries hard to meet the deadline.

The Chartered Accountant carries all the files of the audit with him.

Use the auxiliary do to ask questions and make negative statements:

Do you write a monthly report?Do they understand what the lecture is about?

Does she belong to the Purchasing Department?

I do not (dont) usually invest in this type of company.

The plant does not (doesnt) produce plastics.

Practice

2.3.1. Fill the gaps with a correct form of a verb from the list. The first is done as an

example.

Use do manufacture hold produce

Include employ write receive suggest

1. The contract includes full insurance cover.

2. XXM plca wide range of health care products.

3. They.. the state-of-the-art technology in their plant.

4. His boss.. any experiment without consulting him first.(neg.)5. XXM plc 125 people of different nationalities.

6. she usually the correspondence at week-ends?

7. Sometimes I.. him responsible for the bad results.

8. you. we should change our priorities?

9. The company.. the same range of products .(negative)

10.He always.. a lot of enquiries on the fair trades.

2.3.2. Make sentencesusing the given prompts:

1. Our company/have/good/results /every year.

2. Whenever/he/visit/ Japan/stay/the Intercontinental Hotel.

3. If you/want/results/communication/language/learn/foreign.

4. M&G/be/multinational company/branches/world.

5. The members/have/team/ meeting/Saturday/on.

6. The Principal/want/my school/project/supervise/this year.

7. Board of Directors/assure/our /good/office equipment/condition.

8. Each time/he/draw up/contract/never/forget/penalty clause.

9. This/not mean/we/want/cancel/meeting/shareholders.


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2.3.3. Speaking. Pair work. The flow chart below summarises the information

exchanged between Mr Baker, a local businessman, and Mr Smith, the spokesman of

XXM Plc. Use it to create a short dialogue with your partner.

Mr BakerAsk what type of organisation is

Ask about the turnover and profit

Ask about the shareholdings ofdirectors and their total share volume

Ask about the numbers of employees

Ask about the trade fairs and exhibitions

Mr Smith

Public limited company

$ 500m

49%

1500

40

2.4. Speaking / Writing

You have decided to start your own business and need specialised advice from a

bank. They have asked you to draw up a business plan offering detailed information on

your proposed business. Below you have a sketchy sample of the information you will

be asked to give.

Work in small groups. Think and talk on each of the points below. When you have

decided on all the aspects of your business, get it down on paper.

BUSINESS PLAN

1. Who you are

Name of business_____________________________________________

Date business commenced______________________________________

Legal status (eg sole trader, partnership, limited company)_____________

Principal activity______________________________________________

Business address______________________________________________

2.Personal details

Work experience______________________________________________

Previous employment___________________________________________


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3.Key personnel

Number of people/Qualification/ Job position_________________________

4.Products and services

Description/Promotional brochures/Suppliers___________________________

5. Market

Market research/Customers/Competition/Advantages of your product or service over

the competition/Pricing_________________________________________

6.Promotion

Levels of sales anticipated/method/Cost________________________________

7.Plant, machinery, equipment

Location/Size/Life expectancy/Value___________________________________

8.Financial information

Start-up costs/Your own contribution/Financial projections/Gross Profit/Profit

margin___________________________________________

Reading

Text B

Surviving The First Day At Work

Pitfalls to watch out for, questions to ask, and what you should know on your first

day at work.

By Kristen Gustafson

Some paragraphs have been removed from the following text. Read the text and replace the

missing paragraphs (A-E) in the correct place. Check your answers with your colleague.

The first day on a new job is a lot like the first day of school. You have to find the

bathrooms and the cafeteria, get all your supplies, meet new people, and maybe do some

work.

Many new college graduates say that the first day of work is the hardest, because they

dont know what to expect. Will I be forced to regurgitate everything I learned in

Marketing 101? Will my boss be a tyrant? Will I be late and forever labeled a slacker?

1_____________________________________________________________________


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You may be in a probationary period for the first few months of a new job, and

watched more closely than other employees. Be ready to workand learnon day

one. You have a degree, but are starting at the bottom, and have a lot to learn. Accept

that, and look at every assignment as an opportunity to learn something.

2_____________________________________________________________________

It said functionally fluent in Japanese on my rsum, says Kevin Donlin, founder of

Guaranteed Rsums, a consulting firm. On my first day, I was approached by a

woman speaking Japanese. Fortunately, everything on my rsum was truthful, and we

struck up a conversation, impressing my boss.

Beyond having to prove yourself, youll encounter office politics. Someone may

immediately try to be your best friend. Be polite, but not overly friendly.

3_____________________________________________________________________

By the end of the first day, you should:

Be able to find the bathroom, break room, supplies, the photocopier and fax

Know your contact numbers

Know the names and roles of your co-workers

Know your responsibilities and major projects

Carry a note pad to jot down important information.

4_____________________________________________________________________

Ask the human resources office about insurance plan options and costs; pay schedule;

401(k) plans; vacation, holiday and sick days; and how to call in late or sick.

Ask co-workers about the corporate culture. When do they take lunch? Out or at their

desks? Where are the good delis and dry cleaners? Watch to see if they work quietly or

chat across cubicles.

When you meet with your boss, ask about your job responsibilities and projects. Ask

about upcoming deadlines, the chain of command, and where you can get information

and help, and how you should give updates. Get contact information for any key outside

vendors and clients youll be working with.

5_____________________________________________________________________

http://www.youngmoney.com)

A That person may be on the outs with the boss, trying to curry favor by helping the

new person, and thus insincere. Or, they could be an office pariah, and associating

yourself too early on may keep you from developing other beneficial relationships. Let

relationships develop over time.


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B And about that degree: You may have been hired without validation of your

credentials, but many managers will provide a summary of a new hires skills and

experience to their departments. If anything you claimed isnt true, it could spell

disaster.

C So, now that youre here, do you have any questions? You should have lots of them!

D With all of the meetings and things to learn, your first day will pass quickly, and

youll likely go home feeling like you accomplished nothing. But you only have to do

the first day once. Youll soon ease into a routine, and start building the career you

worked towards for four long years.

E That first day can seem overwhelming, but knowing some basic workplace rules willhelp you survive.


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UNIT 3

JOBS & CAREERS

3.1. Reading

9/11 Alters Students' Career Strategy

By Jennifer MacNeil, New York University

You always knew it was a good idea to stay in school, but recent problems with the

economy are making it just a bit more important. Due to post-September hiring freezes,

layoffs and a general decrease in employment of new college graduates, students are

changing their career strategies before they even start the job hunt. The most common

plan of attack seems to be choosing the right major, according to professional career

advisers.

But what are those majors, and how exactly will they help students avoid the landmines

of unemployment?

Annette Rothman, a recent graduate of New York University's Wagner School of Public

Policy, was recruited by a specialized government agency upon completing the school's

master's program. With an undergraduate major in political science, Rothman originally

thought she would earn a Ph.D. and become a college professor.

Rothman said that she has always known that her major is highly competitive and

that students don't always get what they want. Traditionally, the job market for

political science majors leads to restaurant work, bartending, or Wal-Mart, said

Rothman.

So after graduating from the University of Nebraska, she headed for the NYU program,

hoping to stave off a few years of unemployment and to make herself more marketable

for high-paying jobs.

In September, Rothman, 24, will begin work in Washington D.C. instead of attending a

Ph.D. program in Boston as she had originally planned.

In the back of my mind I always knew that a political science major [might] lead to anexciting job, like intelligence work, she said. [But] they do look for all types of

majors: math, sciences, languages.


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Like Rothman, more and more college graduates are opting to further their education by

earning advanced degrees in political, medical, legal and technological fields. Tracey

Martin, a career counselor at Maryland's Goucher College, says that graduate school has

become an attractive alternative for students who feel that their undergraduate major

doesn't meet the needs of the current competitive job market.

Any time the job market takes a turn for the worse, you see more students entering

graduate programs, she said.

Martin said that even though Goucher is a small liberal arts school, students are still

aware of the more practical majors that will be of greater use to them in four years.

Accounting, economics -and marketing are still some of the best majors in terms of

sought-after job candidates, she said.

According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE),

employment for graduates in 2002 is down 36.5 percent from 2001. While employment

rates in service, non-profit and manufacturing industries are an average of 35 percent

lower than last year, government agencies are the exception, seeking to employ 16.2

percent more recent graduates than in 2001.

Steven Rothberg, President and Founder of Minneapolis-based CollegeRecruiter.com,

said he has seen an increase in availability of jobs relating to finance and

communication technology, and that students with majors in those fields tend to fillpositions more rapidly now than in previous years.

But Rothberg stresses that while demand for fine arts majors is not as high as other

specialties, CollegeRecruiter.com has had success finding jobs for students with artistic

interests.

College Recruiter.com, as well as job search sites such as hotjobs.com and

monster.com, offers a multitude of resources besides job placement which Rothberg

says are valuable no matter what a candidate's major or interests.

Although we may not have positions available that match the interest of every

candidate, chances are we do have career related content that will be of use to them

said Rothberg. There are 700 pages of career related material [such as rsum tips and

interview coaching].

Candidates just need to be resourceful and open-minded. If recruiters want them,

they'll find them.

http://www.youngmoney.com)


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1. What effects did the 11 Sept. terrorist attacks have on the American job market?

2. How does the worsening of the job market affect the students career strategy?

3. What are the most competitive majors mentioned in the article?

4. What are the employment chances of an undergraduate major as compared to a

master graduate?

3.2. Vocabulary

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, or C) best fits each gap.

There are certain ways to distinguish yourself at a career fair, some more

distinguishable than others but not (1)in the best way.

True story: I was working at a career fair and one gentleman in particular stood out. It

seems this engineer was meeting and (2) a number of recruiters, going from

booth to booth ...(3) hands, introducing himself and dropping off his resume.

He was well-groomed with a professional (4) and had obviously practiced hispitch to a fine polish.

His resume was clean, nicely formatted and well-written. So why was this guy

the..(5) of the career fair? Not because he walked away with a job. But because

of the way he presented his resume. In his .(6). he carried dozens of large

walnut shells, and inside each shell was a folded copy of his resume.

After greeting each recruiter, he handed them a shell and said, "This is me in a

nutshell."

1. A probably B. necessarily C. undoubtedly

2. A greeting B. introducing C. presenting

3. A. striking B. holding C. shaking

4. A. face B. apparence C. silhouette

5. A talk B. gossip C. rumour

6. A suitcase B. folder C. briefcase


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3.3. Grammar Refernce The Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect links the past to the present. Its meaning implies a strong connection

to the present, rather than the past.

The present perfect tense is formed with: have/has + V3 (past part.)

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they have not Have I/you/we/they

written the report. written the report. written the report?

He/she has not written He/she has not written Has he/she written the report.

the report. the report?

The present perfect tense is used to express:

- an activity performed at some non-specific time in the past with results in the

present or future:

The company has registered an increase in productivity.(consequently, the productivity

is bigger).

- an activity performed in a period of time which is not finished:We have set up two new outlets this year. (the year is not yet finished)

- an activity which started in the past and continues to the present.

She has been with AT&T for ten years.(she is still working there)

The time adverbs associated with the present perfect are: this morning, this year,

recently, lately, so far, yet, since (indicates the beginning of the period of time), for

(indicates the length of the period of time), never, ever, already etc.

Practice

3.3.1. Read the newspaper article and put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect

tense.

Over the last decade or so the country______1 (undergo) a remarkable transformation.

An economic recovery program launched in 1983______2 (pull) the country back fromthe brink ruin and, through a series of free market reforms, replaced more than ten years

of decline with an impressive decade-long, annual gross rate of 5 percent. The once


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bare shelves of the capitals shop are now well-stocked. Prices_________3 (to be free),

trade and foreign exchange liberalised, and the banking system improved. A

privatisation program is in progress, the stock exchange______4 (open), and the country

has been opened to foreign investors. At the same time, the country _______5 (make)

successfully the transition to democracy and with election due again this November,President J.M. is hoping for a second term as elected president.

3.3.2. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences:

1. We _________not our supplier for over a year.

a. changed b. change c. has changed

2. Porsche_________a serious of marketing and engineering blunders in the 1980sa. is making b. made c. has made

3. Yesterday, I told you on the phone that the launch _______ rather low-key.

a. was b. is c. has been

4. Since 1989 the university _______its number of students by more than 20%.

a. increase b. has increased c. increased

5. The recession______1. to redundancies and to re-organisation. This, coupled with

instability,_______2. progress on many of the quality initiatives over the past two years.

a/1. lead b/1. has lead c/1. is leading

a/2. has inhibited b/2. will inhibit c/2. inhibited

6. Since the 1990s many universities _____quality within the broader educational

framework of their institutions.

a. placed b. place c. have placed


3.4.1. Reading/speaking

First, read thecareer descriptions of three working professionals. Then, look at the list

of factors (a-h) that might be considered when choosing a career. In pairs, discuss and

establish which of them are to be found in each description.


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Name: Ana Milicevic

Job: IT Specialist

Salary: $78,000

Home: New York, N.Y.

Milicevic maintains the technological aspects for UNICEF, the children's charity

division of the United Nations, dealing with everything from website problems to in-

house data processing software.

Before coming to the U.S. in June 2001, Milicevic studied computer science at the

American University in Bulgaria. It's the best school of its kind in Europe, she said.

It was all state of the art and the classes were taught by people who knew about the

new technology. We weren't working with 50-year-old computers. That's what really

made the difference.

Now, the New Jersey resident, 27, looks forward to staying at UNICEF long-term

and assisting with an upcoming program to educate third-world children on the

existence of AIDS.

It's an important topic, said Milicevic. I feel lucky to be a part of it.

Name: Claire HeathJob: Photographer

Salary: Varies

Home: Dallas, Texas

When Heath was 32, she decided to pursue a college education in the art that had

possessed so many of her family members: photography. She knew she had a knack for

it, and decided that formal classes at her local community college in Dallas would be

the best way to go.

Today, Heath runs her own successful studio out of the home that she shares with her

husband and two teenage children.

Friends started seeing my work, and they wanted me to photograph their children,

said Heath, who had never really intended to turn her art into a business. I was scared

to [turn professional] but as it went on, I was making really nice photographs. I guess I

got into the business kind of backwards.

With a couple of years in the business under her belt, Heath has developed a stable ofdevoted clientele, and shoots everything from still live art shots, dance recitals,

yearbook photos and family portraits.


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Name: Patrick Emanuel

Job: Pathologist

Salary: $45,000

Home: New York City, N.Y.

For Patrick Emanuel, the decision to become a doctor was simply the next logical step

in his education. In his native New Zealand, doctors enter a six-year medical training

program directly out of high school.

Emanuel started working as a surgeon but eventually switched to pathology, a much

more cerebral profession with a steady schedule and a lot less pressure, which pays

roughly $45,000 for third-year residents like Emanuel.

I do mostly autopsy work on AIDS patients and on patients who have died in thehospital, said Emanuel.

That means doing organ removals and lots of time spent hovering over a microscope,

trying to differentiate various organisms, viruses and bacteria. Emanuel's job has its

share of strange hazards.

After my first ever autopsy, I had put the organs of the patient into a vat, and when I

went to put it on the shelf, there wasn't any room. So I tried to squeeze it in, but the

shelf broke and all the other vats came spilling onto me. I was covered in organs.

a. move to live abroad

b. have a job for life

c. spend hours commuting

d. gain sound academic training

e. work as his/her own employer

f. work as an employee

g. have a clear cut idea about what career to follow

h. keep high interest in the job

3.4.2. Speaking/group work

Stay in groups of four. Start up a dialogue on the following contentions about choosing

a job and a career. Decide which of the opinions you can agree on. Then report your

conclusions to the class.

Be careful with the way you express your point of view. Use some of the expressions

below.


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Asking for and giving opinionsstrongly

Weakly

When deciding on a career

you have to follow your instinct/ talents

people should first look for salary and perks

only fully determined persons can have a successful career

people are more concerned about job security than job satisfaction

skills are more important than education

I have nodoubt that

Are youabsolutely sure

/positive

that?

I strongly believethat..I really do think

that

I believe thatTo my mind

Do you considerthat?

Dont you thinkthat?

As I see itI tend to think

that

Would I be rightin thinkin that..?


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UNIT 4

GETTING A JOB

41. Reading

Read at the job advertisements (A,B,C) below and prepare to answer the questions atthe end:

A

Administrative Assistant / Human Resource Recruiter

Company: Cornell Companies

Location: US-PA-South Mountain

Base Pay: $10/Hour

Employee Type: Full-Time Employee

Industry:

Government - Civil Service

Law Enforcement - MilitarySecurity

Job Type:Admin - ClericalGeneral BusinessHuman Resources

Required Education: Contact Company

Required Experience: Less Than 1 Year

Required Travel: Negligible

Relocation Covered: No

Apply Now using one of your alreadyposted

Resumes, or post a Resume and ApplyNow.

Send your Cover Letter and Resume yourown way using your private email account.

Description

Administrative Assistant / Human Resource Recruiter

REPORTS TO: Human Resource Coordinator

GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES: Operate telephone system and performs recruiting duties forfacility.

SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES:

Routes incoming calls and records messages; operates telephone system.

Greets and announces visitors. Composes and constructs business and professional letters/reports to support operation

of the Human Resource Office, utilizing Word Perfect or Microsoft Word. Maintain Career Link postings on a weekly basis.


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Collecting resumes sent to company via e-mail, fax or mail. Maintain various job postings on the internet.

Placing newspaper ads as needed. Setting up interviews.

Pre-sort resumes. Resume searches on internet (Zillion Resumes, Career Link, etc.). Set up job fairs as necessary (both company sponsored and others). Establish contact / relationship with job centers. Establish contact / relationship with schools.

o Set up on-site interviews / speaking engagements.o Reservations for college job fairs.o Work with Career Development Centers and access their resources.o Establish relationship with department heads.

Work with Chamber of Commerce.

Keep spreadsheet on resumes / applications / interviews & out comes. Maintain applicant tracking log. Send rejection letters.

Assist new hires in re-location / transitions.

Initial contact / support / follow up: overall point of contact for new hires. Manage relocation reimbursement issues. Serve as point of contact / liaison for new hires in training.

Recruiting from Reserves / National Guard / active duty. Recruit through industry related organizations. Send materials to new hires. Send recruiting materials to colleges / job centers etc. Promotional recruiting items.

Develop brochures / fliers. (video) Make job offers.

Meet once weekly for "recruitment meeting". (Mondays) Serves as back up to HR.

Compile list of South Mountain alumni. Staff recruitment incentives promotion.

o Different promotions.o Organizes information for Abraxas newsletter.o Performs other duties as required.

Requirements

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:

At least 21 years of age.

Business school graduate. OR High school graduate, OR GED, with at least three yearsof secretarial experience. OR Combination of education and experience as approved byHuman Resources.

Excellent related word processing and spreadsheet skills (WordPerfect, Lotus, MicrosoftWord and Excel).

Ability to compose and edit correspondence and reports. Ability to prioritize and meet deadlines in high-volume work environment.

Valid Pennsylvania driver's license. Act 33/34 Clearance.

Career Builder Related Terms: clerical, administrative assistant, receptionist, data entry,secretary, admin, executive assistant, secretarial, admin. Assist


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Contact Information

Company:Cornell Companies

Contact:Don Grove

Email:Send Email Now

Phone:717-749-7440

Fax:Not Available

Ref ID:Not Available

Send this Job to a Friend

Save This Job

B

Kentucky Wesleyan

College

Director of

College Relations and

Development

KWC invites applications for the position of Director of

College Relations and Development. The director reports

to the president and serves as an integral member of the

colleges executive staff. The director will be

responsible for leading the colleges advancement

program including alumni relations, public relations and

development.

Kentucky Wesleyan College is a private liberal arts

college related to the United Methodist Church with an

enrolment of 725. The college serves primarily

residential students and is located in Kentuckys third

largest city.

A bachelors degree and a minimum of five years of

progressively more responsible experience, including

successful leadership of a strong annual giving program,

is required. Submit resume and references to the

President, Kentucky Wesleyan College, and P.O. BOX 1039,

OWENSBORO, KENTUCKY 42302-1039. EOE.


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C

UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

REREATIONAL SPORTS

& INTRAMURALS

Responsibilities: include planning, implementing, and

supervising intramurals, recreation, fitness, informal

sports, and summer activities; hiring, evaluating and

supervising staff; scheduling of facilities; preparing

budgets and reports; developing campus liaisons;

teaching basic instruction classes as assigned; and

performing other duties as assigned. Qualifications:

Bachelors Degree in Physical education, Recreation, or

related field. Masters Degree and recreational

experience desired. Remuneration: The salary for this

12-month appointment will be commensurate with

experience and qualifications. Applicatons: Interested

candidates should send a cover letter and resume to;

Sally Guerette

Assistant Director of Athletics

Patrick Gym- UVM

Burlington, VT 05405

Deadline for applications: August 19, 2002

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER


1. What is the source of the advertisements?

2. Who placed the job advertisement?

3. What job is being offered?

4. In what sector of activity?

5. What are the requirements for the job?6. Where is the company/institution located?

7. What other specifications are there mentioned?

4.1. What differences do you notice about the three advertisements?. Think of the

source, attractiveness, layout, etc.

Advantages Disadvantages


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Vocabulary

4.2.1. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions.

1. overall a. to give smb. a job to do

2. thorough b. including everything or the whole of smth.3. compatibility c. a man who used to be a student of a university4. liaison d. smth. done very carefully and methodically5. reliability e. smth. that is correct, suitable, or acceptable6. assign f. to live, exist, to be used together without difficulty7. alumni g. cooperation between different organisations/sectors8. appropriateness h. that can be relied on, dependable, trustworthy

4.3. Grammar Reference The Passive Voice

The passive voice is used whenever the subject of the active sentence is either unknownor unimportant.

Structure SUBJECT + TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

THE BOOK IS PRINTED BY OURPUBLISHING HOUSE.

THE ARTICLE WAS WRITTEN IN THE 1960s.

Only transitive verbs can have the passive :

A lot of books will be boughtat the next book fair.(tr. Verb)

They arrivedat the meeting in due time. (intr. Verb)

We use the passive in the following situations:

- when it is not so important who or what did the action

Our article was publishedin the latest issue of the magazine.

-when the subject of the active sentence is vague like someone, somebody,one, they

The truth can never be told. (One can never tell the truth.)

Practice

4.3.1.Transform the following sentences from active into passive voice.

1. The students receive their study material at the beginning of each semester.2. The Dean cancelled the meeting because of poor attendance.

3. Our library does not charge high extra fees for late returns.


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4. Their company offers a large range of products in the sales seasons.

5. Undergraduates must hand in the term papers in due time.

6. You can buy all sorts of perfume from the duty-free shop.

7. The classified ads offer a variety of attractive workplaces.

8. Someone delivered the mail two hours ago

4.3.2 Choose the activeor passive form of the verb given on the right hand side and

write the proper form in the blank space.

1. design The first phase of the programme, which started ten years

ago_________to be a long-term, sustained campaign to secure the implementation

of quality educational services in universities all over the country.

2. make Every month the regional coordinators_________spot visits to each of

the schools to check their general performance.

3. set up The first objectives that _________to pursue TQM goals was

establishing standards via action plans for both departments and individuals.

4. convey The staff members comments from the meetings ________to the

Chancellor.

5. provide The studies on organisational culture_________assistance on the

implementation of TQM, emphasising not only education and leadership, but also

HR policies and the general work environment.

6. be acquainted For the last three years our Dean _________with Ron Debly,

Director of Quality Council for the Ministry of Education.

7. draw up We have decided that next years report _______ by all the staff

involved in the quality deployment programme.

8. realize Since 1982, when the book was published, it __________ that

continuous improvement has a firm link to learning.

9. score IBM quality programmes ________great and rapid successes that

were multiplied across the companys global operation.

10.change She has just explained that in her faculty the entrance standards

__________ drastically.

11.focus The teams now _________most of their attention on goal-setting

to achieve the department plan.

12.achieve Provided people understand goals and are properly empowered

and trained enormous improvements can __________.


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A letter of application (or cover letter) always accompanies a CV and has the same

importance in selling your image. It represents the first direct contact between an

applicant and an employer. Therefore, utmost attention and care must be given to itslayout and style .

4.4.1 First study the structure of the following letter of application. Then, you are given

the mixed parts of an authentic application letter. In pairs, decide on the right order.

Your Street AddressCity, CodeTelephone NumberEmail AddressMonth, Day, YearMr./Ms./Dr. NameTitleName of OrganizationStreet or P. O. Box AddressCity,Dear Mr./Ms./Dr.:1st paragraph

State why you are writing; how you learned of the organization or position2nd paragraph:

Say why you are interested in the employer or type of work and relate yourbackground to it

Mention specific qualifications which make you a good fit for theemployers needs.

This is a good opportunity to explain in more detail relevant items in yourresume.

Show what you can contribute to the job by emphasizing on your mostrelevant skills and experience.

3rd paragraph: Indicate your willingness to attend an interview. Give your phone number

Thank the employer for her/his consideration.Sincerely,(Your handwritten signature)Your name typedEnclosure(s)

1000 Terrace View Apts.(540) 555-4523

March 25, 2000email: [email protected]

A

I read in the March 24th Washington Post classified sectionof your need for a Civil Engineer or Building Constructiongraduate for one of your Washington, DC, area sites. I will bereturning to the Washington area after graduation in May andbelieve that I have the necessary credentials for the project.

B


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Mr. John WilsonPersonnel DirectorAnderson Construction Company3507 Rockville Pike

Rockville, MD 20895

D

I read in the March 24th Washington Post classified section of yourneed for a Civil Engineer or Building Construction graduate for one ofyour Washington, DC, area sites. I will be returning to the Washingtonarea after graduation in May and believe that I have the necessarycredentials for the project. E

The Anderson ConstructionCompany projects are familiar tome, and my aspiration is to workfor a company that has yourexcellent reputation. I wouldwelcome the opportunity to

interview with you. I will be in theWashington area during theweek of April 12th and would beavailable to speak with you atthat time. In the next week to tendays I will contact you to answerany questions you may have.

F

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely,

Steve Mason

Enclosure G

I have worked at various levels in theconstruction industry every summer since the8th grade. As you can see from my resume, Iworked several summers as a general laborer,gradually moved up to a carpenter, and lastsummer I worked as assistant construction

manager on a 100 million dollar job. HDear Mr. Webb:

In addition to this practical experience, I willcomplete the requirements for my BuildingConstruction degree in May. As you mayknow, Virginia Tech in one of the fewuniversities in the country that offers such a

specialized degree for the constructionindustry. I am confident that my BuildingConstruction degree, along with my yearsof construction industry experience, makeme an excellent candidate for your job.

C


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UNIT 5

THE MEANING OF SUCCESS

5.1. Reading

In Search of Leadership: From New York Times to Women on Corporate

Boards

To Arthur Sulzberger Jr., chairman and publisher of the New York Times Co., the terrorattacks of Sept. 11 were not only the story of a lifetime, but a test of leadership skills

that had been under development for more than a decade.

Already facing the worst advertising decline since 1938, the Times managed to publish

on Sept. 12, get through subsequent anthrax threats and go on to win seven Pulitzer

Prizes this spring, more than double the previous record of any newspaper.

"Our response was driven by core values that had been created and enunciated long

before those planes slammed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon," said

Sulzberger during the annual Wharton Leadership Conference titled, "Leading in All

Directions."

For Sulzberger, the path to leadership was present at birth. He is the fourth member of

his family to run the Times. After a decade as a reporter, he moved into his first general

management job in 1987, as the paper was about to embark on a 10-year plan that

included development of a six-section color newspaper and construction of two new

printing plants.

Following five years of growth, the company was hit hard by the 1987 stock market

crash. However, the biggest obstacle to executing the plan was the Times' internal

culture, said Sulzberger. "We knew that the Times was often too slow to change, too set

in its ways, too hierarchically based. We needed to change all of this, but in a way that

preserved our core values."

The company hired consultants, including W. Edwards Deming, but by 1992 it became

obvious that the Times would need to change from within. The problems ran deep.


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"Our newspaper was mired in a silo-based mentality which for years had fostered a

culture of mistrust and antagonism," said Sulzberger. For example, the man in

circulation responsible every day for sending the production department a memo on

how many newspapers to print had never met the man who took the number. Both men

had worked at the paper for 20 years and sat two floors away from each other.

Sulzberger set up a series of retreats to confront what he said was a paralyzing, fear-

based culture. The first meeting was brutally honest as executives finally dealt with

what Sulzberger calls "moose" issues. Moose issues are those that everyone in the

organization knows are problems, but are afraid to discuss openly.

By the time the terrorist attacks occurred in September, Sulzberger said, the company

had established enough communication and trust between departments that editor

Howell Raines made the decision to throw out nearly every ad in the front section of the

Sept. 12 paper without even calling the business side of the organization. "He didn't

have to," Sulzberger noted. "We knew what the values were and we agreed. It didn't

have to be a conversation."

This year, the New York Times Co. ranked first in profits as a percent of revenue in its

industry according to the Fortune 500 rankings. It was second in return on assets for its

industry in 2001 and first in earning per share growth from 1991 to 2001.

(source:http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu)


5.2.1.Complete the following sentences with your own words.

1. The terror attacks of Sept. 11 represented a cornerstone in the life of Arthur

Sulzberger Jr . because..

2. Arthur Sulzberger s concept of leadership focuses on..

3. He is an inborn leader since

4. The process of restructuring the management of the New York Times Co.

consisted of

Vocabulary

5.2.2. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions.

1. skill a. a note from one person or office to another within

the same organization


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2. to embark on b. sudden severe business failure

3. crash c. an ability to do something very well

4. to hire d. to have a particular position on a scale

5. mentality e. to start smth. new, exciting

6. memo h. to employ someone to work for you

7. to set up i. someones character and ways of thinking

8. to rank j. to establish a new business

5.3. Language Reference The Past Tense

The simple past is used for actions completed in the past at a definite time. Withregular verbs it is formed by adding ed to the infinitive.

The prices dropped by 3% last month.

During the year we carried out a new market survey

The inflation increased dramatically two years ago.

The irregular verbs vary considerably in their past forms. (See appendix 1)

Infinitive: to see We saw no improvements during our stay in the company.

to grow The investments grew significantly last week

to cost The setting up of his new business cost him $ 2500.

The negative and interrogative of both regular and irregular verbs are formed with did

not (didnt) +infinitive and did + subject + infinitive, respectively.

The prices didnt drop by 3% last month.

Did the prices drop by 3% last year?

During the year we didnt carryout a new market survey.

Did we carry out a new market survey last year?

The past continuous is used to provide a past time frame for another activity. It

comprises two parts: the past tense ofto be + V1ing

The economy was beginning to improve when we launched the product.

We were trying to reach an agreement, when they burst into the room.

While they were engaged in negotiating the terms, she was eavesdropping.


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Practice

5.3.1. Read the text below about cultural adaptation in an international environment. Put

the verbs in brackets into the past simple.

An American businessman was making a presentation to a group of international

executives. During the course of his presentation he presented the so-what?test. It

soon __________(become) obvious that the Japanese members of the

audience_________(be) absolutely baffled by so-what? as a concept. To try to offer a

simple clarifying illustration, the speaker ________(say) to the Japanese

businesspeople, Imagine someone __________(walk) into your office and

________(tell) you `It is raining outside`. What would you say to that? The Japanese

members around the table _________(sit) silently. After several minutes of silence, one

of them __________(reply), Id say, `Thank you`. Later during a recess in the

program, another Japanese manager, who _______(be) more Westernized,

________(explain) to the surprised speaker that the basis for this answer_________(lie)

in the Japanese concept of teamwork. If someone were to come into a Japanese

managers office to tell him or her that it was raining outside, the answer clearly would

be Thank you. Why? Because the manager would be absolutely certain that the

information was given for a purpose and that the purpose would be revealed in good

time.

5.3.2. Pair Work. Take turns in asking and answering about things that happened in

each others life some time ago. Follow the given example:

A: When did you join our company? B: Two weeks ago.

A: What assignment did your boss give B: To supervise the projectdevelopment.

you last month ?

5.3.3. Below you have Edward Demings career history. Read it and prepare to ask

question and give answers using the information in the text. Pay attention to the verb

form in the past simple interrogative and affirmative!


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1900Born in Boston, USA

1921Graduate University of Wyoming.

Studies in Electrical Engineering.Ph.D. in mathematical physicsFrom Yale University

1922-1926Works at the Western ElectricHawthorne plant in Chicago.Becomes acquainted with Shewhartsstatistical control theory.

1939-1940US government job. Works on data fornational census.

1942

Sets up courses to teach Shewharts statisticalmethod to industrialists and engineers.

1950First visit to Japan.Embarks on a series of lectures to engineers.Makes an outstanding contribution to qualitydevelopment in Japan.

5.3.4. You have eight examples of word collocations (i.e.words which regularly occur in

combination with other words). The verbs are missing. Find them and give the correct

form of the simple pastandpast participle.

Infinitive Simple past Past participle

Do business did wonders done a favour

1_____ a target _____a price ______an example

2_____bankrupt _____on holiday ______on strike

3_____a firm _____a campaign ______a car

4_____an experiment _____suggestion ______a proposal

5_____into force _____to terms with ______to life

6_____a conclusion _____ smbs attention ______funds

7_____money _____an objection ______capital8_____a deadline _____a requirement ______a customer

5.3.5. Match each sentence in column A with two appropriate sentences in column B.

Example: I wanted to hand in the report when he stopped me.

while he was seeing him off.


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A

1. She decided to place anorder.

2. I offered him a jobpromotion.

3. They cleaned the mass.

4. When XXM plc. bought thecompany.

B

a. when she heard about the launch of the product.b. while she was visiting the shop-floor.c. because he was the most competent in this field.

d. while he was making up his mind to leave us.e. because we couldnt work in such a nasty place.f. while she was writing the fine form.g. They were in the process of implementing the

new technology.h. We were looking for a bank loan.

5.4. Writing

Think of a past experience. Write eight sentences describing events affecting yourprofessional life. Make use of the past tense simple and continuous.


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UNIT 6

TEAMWORK & LEADERSHIP

6.1. Reading

The implementation of TQM is viewed as a long-term challenge for the organisation,

with far-reaching implications for the management style and organisational culture.

Teamwork approach constitutes an essential component of TQM because it contributes

to the improvement of process problem solving in an organisation. Its benefits lie in that

it fosters knowledge-sharing and a better communication, it increases employees

commitment to common goals and, most of all, it develops professional and personal

growth.

To be successful a team needs good management. The literature devoted to the

psychology of teams and man management agrees that there are two main issues central

to teamwork: leadership and motivation. John Adair, a pioneering British thinker in the

theory and practice of leadership, developed in the 1960s a model for teamwork and

leadership. He has defined leadership in terms of three overlapping circles, whichinterrelate the achievement of a Task to the needs of the Team and the needs of the

Individual. The central area they share together illustrates the unity of leadership: a

single action can be multi-functional, equally affecting any of the three areas. In a

business that is implementing TQM this area is referred to as action to change area. It

represents the very heart where, through teamwork, TQM can change a business from

usual into TQM-based business.

By Adairs model a leader should strike the balance between the common needs of the

three overlapping areas. In Understanding Motivation (1990) Adair identified six

functions of leadership: Planning (looking for available information; establishing group task or goals;

designing a workable plan)

Task

needs

Teamneeds

Individualneeds


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Initiating (briefing the group; allocating tasks; setting group standards)

Controlling (maintaining group standards; ensuring progress towards objectives;

stimulating groups to actions and decisions)

Supporting (expressing recognition of individual contribution; encouraging and

disciplining; creating team spirit; settling disagreements)

Informing (clarifying task and plan; providing new information to the group;

collecting/summarising ideas and suggestions/

Evaluating (checking feasibility of an idea; testing consequences; evaluating group

performance; helping group for self-evaluation)

Adairs concept of Action-Centred Leadership (ACL) distils much of the management

thinking charted by Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg, incorporating it into a

comprehensive theory.

6.2. Understanding The Main Poins

6.2.1. Decide whether the statements are true (T), false (F) or not stated in the text (NT).

1. Teamwork devoted to quality improvement develops independent work.

2. One of the advantages of the team approach is that it creates a framework for

collective participation in problem solving and decision making. .

3. By Adairs team model a leader should concentrate on the common are awhere two circles overlap. ..

4. A team is successful only if the eight roles are present. ..

5. In John Adair s leadership model the three parts which are brought together equally

influence one another. ..

6.2.2. Write down three more benefits that the implementation of team work for quality

may have.

1. .

2.

3.

6.3. Vocabulary

Fill in the blank spaces with a suitable word from the list below.

capabilities work capabilitiesleadership environment traini


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Bluster-Geick Corporation is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fargo-Geick Ltd. in Oslo,

Norway. The company is one of the leading manufacturers of pharmaceutical and dental

products. In a diversified industry and competitive 1 leadership at all levels in

the firm is important 2 plays an essential role in leadership development. In

Oslo-based headquarters, groups of employees 3 together in a ..4training program to examine and discuss the nature of. 5 and develop their

personal skills and.. 6

6.3.1. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definition.

1. brief a. to make sure that something happens

2. benefit b. to extend over part of something

3. feasibility c. profit, advantage, allowance

4. ensure d. to tell smb. the main points about smth.

he/she has to do

5. overlap e. smth. that can be done and carried out

6.3.2. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the words on the left.

Neil Prestons methods are worthy of.

because mastering the inchoate art of.

is a test many CEOs fail. Martin Huegue, president of

a San Jose, California, that analyses CEO

personality traits and.. considers that many

bosses fail at two crucial tasks: .

strategy and..troops behind a vision.

Huegue, who has compiled a database on the

leadership styles of about 400 CEOs, says that the

bosses get so wrapped up in their ideas that ..

to communicate strategies downward is bound to

happen. He also points out that 70% of top executives

are introverts.

to scrutinise

to lead

to consult

to perform

to communicate

to align

to fail

6.4. Grammar Reference- The Progressive Tenses

The progressive tenses are used to express an action in process or lasting for a limited

time. The emphasis is on the continuity of the event. The progressive forms may appear

in any of the simple tenses.

The present perfect continuous is used for an activity which began in the past and is

still continuing. It comprises two parts: have/has been + Ving


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We have been working on the quality specifications for two months.

She has been writing the tests since morning.

The progressive also appears in the past tense to express duration of an action or state.

Its form consists of : were/was + Ving

We were collecting data at that time.

The shop floor managers soon found out that the workers were producing all the

defects.

Practice

6.4.1. Read the excerpt from a speech delivered by Richard Drum, director of policy

planning in the National Trade Commission. Write the correct form of the verb in

brackets, using one of the progressive tenses above.

For the last thirty years, US____________(exported) quality theories to Japan,

while the situation at home__________(get) worse. The Japanese _____(reshape)

their industry on the foundation of the American management thinking. The last ten

years witnessed a strange phenomenon: while the Japanese

products___________(pose) a competitive threat on the Western markets,

Americas leadership in quality________(erode) imperceptibly. Statistics from theNational Trade Commission show that consumers in America_________(turn) their

backs on US-manufactured goods in favor of foreign competitors .

6.4.2. In most lines of the following text, there is one incorrect verb form. Find it and

write the suitable form. If the line is correct mark it with a tick (V).

In spite of the high-reliability of some American-made goods,

U.S. are worried about the quality of their products. The

onslaught on Western markets launched in the 1960s by

Japans manufacturing industry shake Americas confidence

in its quality supremacy worldwide.

Its a long way ahead to catch up with the Japanese says

McMyres Quality Manager but evidence of progress will be

already visible. Last autumn, McMyre announce the results of

tests it ran on chips. The failure rate of U.S. has been six to

seven times that of Japanese. Evidently, the shocking news

propel the U.S. semiconductor industry into action. WhenMcMyre ran similar tests six months later, The US

manufacturers had cut their disadvantage to four to two.


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6.4.3. Choose the correct word A, B, or C

1. For five years theyresearch on special adhesives and chemicals.

a. are doing b. do c. have been doing

2. While they.the process control system, I was taking notes.a. have been explaining b. explained c. were explaining

3. This year the company.a new integrated system approach to process

control.

a. is introducing b. was introducing c. introduces

4. At this time yesterday, the Quality Team .on the Policy Deployment process.

a. worked b. has worked c. was working

5. What I.to say for the last ten minutes is that generic benchmarking means

comparing ourselves against the best from all industry groups.

a. try b. am trying c. have been trying6. Since 1989 Xerox , a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award winner,..

continuously in quality management programs.

a. invested b. has been investing c. invest

7. At this moment we.to handle the problems of external and internal quality.

a. are striving b. strive c.strove

8. They her performance appraisal , when she gave in her notice.

a. are doing b. were doing c. have been doing

6.5. Speaking / Group work

Divide into groups of four. You are members of an administrative office in consulting

company . Your company has been confronted lately with a number of serious problems

among which the most important are:

- the increase of cost without a corresponding increase of returns

- the high turnover of the personnel and absenteeism

- difficulties in recruiting young people in administrative work

You all meet to analyze the situation, to make suggestions for improvement and findsolutions to the crisis. Introduce in your conversation the language used for:

Making suggestions and recommendations

Why dont we.I suggest we.Have you..?We should/ oughtto..

If I were you, IdWed betterI advise you toI recommend..


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APPENDIX 1

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Exercise IMake six sentences based on the following options.

Time expression Subject Present continuous

Exercise2Read the following text. It contains five examples of the presentcontinuous tense. Classify them according to different uses shown inthe box below.The department is presently undergoing (1) major reorganisation. Weare reducing (2) the number of office staff and relocating (3) somepersonnel in other departments. This month we are also advertising (4)for two new senior management posts. Our present director is leaving(5) at the end of the year.

activity at or around the time of speakingtemporary activity in the presentfixed arrangement in the future

Exercise 3Read the following dialogue.Michael: What are you doing now, John?John: I'm finishing preparations for our meeting tomorrow morning.Michael: Is Patrizia coming?John: Yes, she's arriving this evening.Michael: Oh good. What are you doing this evening?John: Nothing.Michael: Well, I'm meeting Felix, to discuss the trip to Japan next week.

Could you join us?John: Er, no, I don't think so ...

Complete the following sentences:1 Now John is _____________________________________ 2 Tomorrow morning, Michael, John and Patrizia _________ 3 Tonight MichaL------------------------------4 Tonight John isn't ---------------------------------5 Next week they ---------------------------------

TRANSFERWhat are you doing now?

What are you doing tomorrow?Think of a friend or colleague. What is he/she doing now?Where are you going on Tuesday next week?Are you working on any special project at the moment?


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THE PRESENT SIMPLE

Exercise 1Complete the following text with the correct form of a verb from the list inthe box.

supply use employ work develop'

Softcraft produces computer software for business applications.The company_______ programmes for general businessapplications. In addition, Softcraft_____customised software forindividual requirements. Softcraft______85 people. About 40 ofthese____ in programme development. The company

also________external consultants.

Exercise 2Write sentences to complete a dialogue based on the flow chart below.

Ask what IMF produces Office furnitureAsk about the number of employee 500

Ask about the frequency of trade fairs 1 or 2 a yearand exhibitions

Comment on the cost of trade fairs give your opinionAsk about next trade fair Frankfurt, September

Ask about fashion in design Changes frequently

Exercise 3Use a frequency adverb from the list below to make sentences using thegiven prompts.

Always frequently usually

Often sometimes occasionally

Rarely hardly ever never

1 We/provide/good service 5 He/have/meetings/in the morning2 I/have/face-to-face meetings/new customers 6 I/see/the Senior Vice-President3 Our company/employ/external consultants 7 We/write/reports4 I/be/busy in summer

Transfer Read the following text.

Our company produces electronic components for washing machines. We

are based in Singapore and we have subsidiaries in Korea, Malaysia

and Japan. We sell, our products throughout Europe and our biggest

customers are in Europe. At present we are setting up a new

distribution centre in France. Our department is working on the

design plans and at the moment I am studying different plant layouts.

Use the model above to write a similar description of your own company/ university

and your present activities, or a company you know well


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THE PAST SIMPLE

Exercise 1Complete the following paragraph with a correct form of the verb in brackets.

On Monday Diano S.p.A. _________ (report) increased profits for theyear. Exports

----------------------(climb) by 20 per cent last year but domestic sales----------------------(fall) by

5 per cent. Two months ago the company______________(set up) newsales offices in

France and Singapore On the Milan Stock Exchange yesterday thecompany's share

price(rise) by 300 lire to L 2,155.

Exercise 2A journalist interviews a company director about a joint venture withFallon Inc., an American company. Complete the sentences with anappropriate form of the verb given in brackets.

J : When__________(begin) negotiations?

D:We _____________(start) three months ago.J : And you reached agreement this morning?D: That's right.J : Was the original idea yours or Fallon's?D: At first we (approach) Fallon and we_______________ (put forward )some outlineproposals.J : _________(have) any major problems?D: No, as you know, we ______(meet) many times and we__________(reach)agreement yesterday.

Exercise 3Look at the following chart which shows the history of a joint venture between

two companies. Write a short paragraph which explains the main events

June 1992 TeleResearch (TR) produces prototype of Linco Mobile Phone

Oct 1992 TR offers Telco a licence agreement

Nov1992 Telco offers to buy Linco Mobile Phone for $2. 5m

TR rejects offer

Jan 1993 Telco suggests joint venture

negotiations begin

June 1993 Telco and TR form a joint venture company, Linco.

Transfer

Write six sentences describing either the history of a project you know well your educational and/or professional background.


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THE PAST CONTINUOUS

Exercise 1Complete the following sentences by choosing a suitable form of the verb inbrackets .Use either the past simple or the past continuous.

1. We ____________ (review) safety procedures when the accident (clean) thetanks the chemicals.

2.While we____________ (clean) the tanks the chemicals______________(pollute) the river.

3.The plant ___________ (operate) at full capacity before theexplosion__________(happen).

4.We______________(turn off) the supply because the pipe_____________(leak).5.As the equipment__________(get old) we___________(decide) to replace it.6.When the fire____________(start) she__________(wear) protective clothing.7. While the company_________(investigate) the accident the government

___________ (introduce) new . regulations.8. The risk of explosion (be) highest precisely when workers __________

(repair) the pipe.

Exercise 2Below is an extract from a report on an accident at a construction site.Complete the text by choosing an appropriate form of each verb in brackets.Use either the past tense or the past continuous.

On Monday at 16.30 a construction worker was hurt at the Iribas plant. The foreman said thatfour men_________ (work) on a roof when a crane__________ (hit) the wall of the building.

One of the men_________(slip) and________ (fall) to the ground. The crane driver________

(try) to lift a metal pipe when he__________(lose) control. A preliminary report identifies three

factors which contributed to the accident: the injured worker_________ (not/wear) a safety

harness. The crane___________ (work) in a prohibited area. It__________(rain), so work

should have been stopped.


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THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Exercise 1Make six sentences based on the following options.

Mennis plc has called you yetI has not contacted us recentlyWe have sent the goods todayPaolo have not ordered anythingMr Joyce arrived to FrankShe spoken

Exercise 2

Complete the following extract by choosing the correct form of theverb in brackets.Use either the past simple or the present perfect simple.

Last year our company___________(report) a small increase in profits. This year we____________(see) continued improvement and our turnover ___________ (rise) by15per cent. This is very good news in a difficult world market. In fact internationally,the market_____________(fall). Naturally, our costs____________ (go up) and sothe rise in profits is not so great. It is true that our domesticperformance____________(be helped) by the collapse of our competitor, Capra &Pecora, which__________(go out of business) in January.

Exercise 3JBM is a Financial Services Company. The Managing Director is MartinaPavlovski. Here is an extract from a speech she made to shareholders at the

AGM.

Read the extract from her speech and place the different actions in bold in theappropriate column in the box below, according to the meaning in the context.The first one has been done for you.

'For our sector, recent times have been difficult. However, it is clear that we are notalone. The world economy has suffered a downturn and all sectors of industry haveexperienced difficulties. But this year we have already seen signs of improvement; Iam sure you know that especially in Asia there has been increased growth and this will

benefit us greatly. Also, turning to insurance, we have been involved in the insurancemarket for only a relatively short time, but it is good to see that this sector has grownrapidly since 1991.

Activity at some non- activity within a period activity which started inSpecific time in the past of time which is not the past and continuousWith an impact or result yet finished. to the present.in the present or future.

TransferMake sentences about the recent economic performance of either your owncompany, an industry you know about, or the economy of your country. You can

use both the present perfect and the past simple.


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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise 1Make three sentences from each of the following prompts in the present perfectcontinuous. Make first a positive statement, then a negative statement and finallya question.

You/work/Paulus & Company/for many yearsThey/sell/shares/since January

Exercise 2Read the following sentences. Decide which show examples of actions whichcontinued over a Period of time and which show actions which occurred at

specific points in time.Write period or point.

1. George has been working too hard recently _______________2. He has made a lot of mistakes. _______________3. He has been travelling all over the country. _______________4. He's even had a couple of minor road accidents. _______________5. He's asked for some time off work. _______________6.We've been thinking of ways to help him. _______________

Exercise 3Use the following prompts to producea short internal memo about recruitment

problems in a clothing distribution company.

TransferDescribe a decision connected withyour own work. Use examples of boththe present perfect simple and thecontinuous form.

Example:A&C has decided to change themanagement structure. They havebeen thinking about this for a

long time.

MEMOFrom: H.V.Subject: Recruitment of Sales Director(Northern Region)

We/to advertise /for six months/ national newspapers.We/ to interview /five candidates but/ to be not able tofill/position.

This month /to place /an advertisement/ Sales &Marketing Journal.I/to talk to/Head Hunting' agency. This seems to be anincreasingly probable solution. Any comments?

(Nick Brieger & Simon Sweeney The Language of Business English, Prentice Hall, 1994)


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APPENDIX 2

APPENDIX 2

Irregular Verbs

STEM

bebecomebeginbreakbringbuildbuycatchchoosecomecostcutdeal

dodrawdrinkdriveeatfallfeedfeelfightfind

flyforbidforgetfreezeget

givegogrow

PASTTENSE

was/werebecamebeganbrokebroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosecamecostcutdealt

diddrewdrankdroveatefellfedfeltfoughtfound

flewforbadeforgotfrozegot

gavewentgrew

PASTPARTICIPLE

beenbecomebegunbrokenbroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosencomecostcutdealt

donedrawndrunkdriveneatenfallenfedfeltfoughtfound

flownforbiddenforgottenfrozengot(US: gotten )givengonegrown

STEM

havehearhidehitholdhurtkeepknowlayleadlearnleavelend

letlielosemakemeanmeetpayputquitread

rideringriserunsayseesellsendset

PASTTENSE

hadheardhidhitheldhurtkeptknewlaidledlearntleftlent

letlaylostmademeantmetpaidputquitread

roderangroseransaidsawsoldsentset

PASTPARTICIPLE

hadheardhiddenhitheldhurtkeptknownlaidledlearntleftlent

letlainlostmademeantmetpaidputquitread

riddenrungrisenrunsaidseensoldsentset


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Glossary of Specialised Terms

Nr.ord.

ENGLISH ROMANIAN

1. ability - abilitate

2. account - client, cont

3. achieve (to) - a realiza

4. advertisement, ad - reclam

5. analyse (to) - a analiza

6. applicant - solicitant

7. apply (to) - a solicita, a face o cerere

8. approach - abordare/metod

9. assignment - atribuie, sarcina

10. assumption - supoziie

11. background - formaie, educaie

12. back-up - sprijin

13. be bound to - care nu poate s nu/ cu siguran

14. be co

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