Grile Semiologie Şi Patologie Medicală

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    GRILE SEMIOLOGIE ŞI PATOLOGIE MEDICALĂ - ANUL II ASISTENŢIFARMACIE (2011)1. Sunt m!"n#$m %'"t''*#! #n "$tmu +,'n$#! !u !t#"/ ()A/ !,$t," ,$tnt# !"#', ",#nB/ mu ,tu# +,'n$#!C/ ,&nt" $!,t##', +,'n$#! "$!'"$

    D/ vasoconstrictia arterialaE/ !'nt,"!t#" mu$!u"tu,## nt

    2. D#"*n'$t#!u "$tm +,'n$#! $ $t"+#$t ,#n m'n$t,","/A/ '+$t,u!t## #,,$#+# " !"#', ",#nB/ obstructiei reversibile a cailor aerieneC/ $!",## !""!#t"t## #t"D/ !,$t,## 'umuu# ,u"E/ #,$n$#+##t"t## " ",*n#

    3. L" un "!#nt !u "$tm +,'n$#! #,#n4"t#" m",!"t" " t',"!u# 5''$#,"mu$!#', ,$#,"t',# "!!$',# $# ,&nt" u$uu# ","'" $mn#%!"/A/ obstructia severa a cailor respiratoriiB/ un t"+'u '+#$nu#t #nt"n#t #n !,#&" "$tm +,'n$#!C/ num'n#"D/ m+'#" um'n","E/ "$'!#," #n5!t##

    6. D#"*n'$t#!u "$tm +,'n$#! $ $t"+#$t ,#n unu $"u m"# mut #nt,u,m"t'", t$t/A/ Demonstrarea obstructiei reversibile a cailor aerieneB/ Dm'n$t,"," #$tnt# ,"!t##', !ut"n"t 't# " #,$# ",*n#C/ Dm'n$t,"," 'n'%## #n $"n*D/ Dm'n$t,"," 'n'%## #n $ut"E/ Dm'n$t,"," !,$t,## I*E $,#!

    7. D#nt, !"t!'"m#n ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu "$tmuu# +,'n$#! ! m"#ut,n#! 5!t +,'n'#"t"t', # ", /A/ izoproterenolulB/ #n5,#n"C/ #&'t",#n"D/ ,#m#t,'uE/ ',n"#n"

    8. C"" ,5,"t" "m#n#$t,", " m#!"mnt', $t#mu"t'", ",!t',#', +t"-",n,*#!# ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu "$tmuu# +,'n$#! $t/A: InhalatorieB/ Int,"n'"$"C/ Int,"mu$!u","D/ Su+!ut"n"t"E/ O,""

    9. C,'m'*#!"tu $'#u $t ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu "$tmuu# +,'n$#! "t',#t"5!tuu# /

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    A/ De inhibare a degranularii mastocitelorB/ :,'n'#"t"t',C/ Ant##n5!t#'$D/ E!t',"ntE/ Mu!'#t#!

    ;. In "$tmu +,'n$#! !u !,#& ,", t,"t"mntu !t# $t ,,&nt"t /A/ administrarea de simpaticomimetice inhalatorii, la nevoieB/ "m#n#t,"," !,'n#!" $#m"t#!'m#mt#! #n""t',##C/ "m#n#$t,"," !,'n#!" *u!'!',t#!'# !" #n""t',#D/ "m#n#$t,"," !,'n#!" $#m"t#!'m#mt#! *u!'!',t#!'# $# "*nt#$t"+##&"t',# "# m"$t'!#t',E/ "m#n#$t,"," !,'n#!" *u!'!',t#!'# !" ',""

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    C/ Antiin"amatoarele nesteroidiceD/ Ant#+#'t#! +t""!t"m#!E/ Ant##n4"m"t'", $t,'##!

    16. L" "mnu !#n#! " un "!#nt "$tm"t#! #n !,#&" *"$#m/A/ #heezing

    B/ #,$u',"t#C/ #,$!,t# "'"$" n"$'!'n>un!t#""D/ >u*u", tu,*$!ntE/ +,"#",#tm#

    17. Ant#!'#n,*#! ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu "$tmuu# +,'n$#! "u !" &""nt">/A/ actiunea lenta-in $%-&% de minuteB/ "",#t#" t"#!",## !$#m"# mut 120 +"t"#?m#nutC/ #$tnt" num"# !" ,","t #n>!t"+#D/ "t't'#!#t"t"E/ !'nt,"#n#!"t## "m#n#$t,",## #n "5!t#un# ,n" "$'!#"t

    18. L" "!#ntu "$tm"t#! #n !,#&" t,+u# #t"t" "m#n#$t,"," /A/ #u,t#!B/ sedativeC/ +t"",n,*#!D/ "nt#+#'t#!E/ "nt##,t#!

    19. A$#,#n" ,"!t#'n"&" #n!,u!#$"t !u "nt##n4"m"t'", n'n$t,'##n "+'n"## !u "$tm +,'n$#! $# $n$#+##t"t " "$#,#n" !u/A/ $"#!#"m#"B/ ,''#5nuC/ fenilbutazonaD/ $"#!#"tu $'#!E/ "!t"m#n'5nu

    1;. E5!tu $!un", ,#n!#" " "m#n#$t,@,## ,&',!#n'#', $t/A/ tremor-ulB/ #nu!," !"n#'&# +u!"C/ *,"t"D/ t',$"" ",5u,#',E/ ,un*#," !'nu!,## " n#u n'uuu# "t,#'-nt,#!u",

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    C/ In#+#t#" 5'$5'#$t,"&#D/ In#+"," *,"nu",## m"$t'!#t',E/ Efect anticolinergic

    *+( Cu !t#" unu#" $#n*u, u,m"t'", m#!"mnt 5''$#t n t,"#""$tmuu# +,'n$#! $unt 5'",t $!t# nt,u t,"!tu ,$#,"t', $# $unt #$#t

    ,"!t#! 5!t !",#"! ",$/A/ T,+ut"#n"B/ Fn't,'uC/ S"#*n#nD/ A+ut,'uE/ !etaproterenolul

    38. T,"t"mntu ! m"# %!#nt " #$'"', "!ut "$tm $ ,"#&"&" ,#n5''$#,"/A/ Beta -2 -agonistilor sub formade aerosoliB/ A*nt#', $t"+##&"t',# "# m"$t'!#t',C/ C',t#!'t,"## #n""t',##D/ M#!"t## "nt#!'#n,*#!E/ C',t#!'t,"## ',"

    39. Ant#!'#n,*#! ut##&"t n t,"t"mntu "$tmuu# +,'n$#! "u !" &""nt">/A/ "t't'#!#t"t"B/ "",#t#" t"#!",## !$#m"# mut 120 +"t"#?m#nutC/ #$tnt" num"# !" ,","t #n>!t"+#D: actiunea lenta-n $%-&% de minuteE/ !'nt,"#n#!"t## "m#n#$t,",## n "5!t#un# ,n" "$'!#"t

    3;. D$, *u!',t#!'# nu $t "","t/A: sunt bronhodilatatori

    B/ ,'u ', m">', #n "$tm $t " ,u! #n4"m"t#" !"#', ",#nC/ "m#n#$t,"," #nt,"n'"$" $# ',"" mt#,n#$''n ,'u!"!"$# 5!tD/ doza initiala de inceput este de $%-% mg metilprednisolon i(v la )ecare$ oreE/ $t ,!'m"n"+# $" $ #n!"" ' !u," *#!'!',t#!'# ',"# $#mut"n!u !# #n""t',# nt,u " u$u," $#mt'm

    *&( C "t,",# " ","mt,#', 5un!t#'n"# $ #nt"n$! #n m' '+#$nu#t #n !u,$u"!,+",#', "!ut "$tmA/ hipo'iaB/ #,!"n#"C/ scaderea .E!/-ului in 0ur de *%1 din valoarea prezisaD/ $!"," !'m#"nt# um'n",E/ cresterea volumului rezidual

    %( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## *"t IOPROTERENOL $unt 5"$/A/ este un rezorcinolB/ $t ' !"t!'"m#n"C/ $t ! m"# 'tnt #n *,uu $"u

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    D/ are actiune alfa stimulantaE/ nu ", "!t#un "5" $t#mu"nt"

    3( C", "%,m"t## $unt "","t $, IOETARINA/A/ se gaseste sub forma de aerosol ,solutie 31B/ $t un "nt##n4"m"t', ut,n#!

    C/ $t un +,'n'#"t"t', ut,n#!D/ este un bronhodilatator destul de slabE/ $t ! m"# n$!t# +t" "*'n#$t

    2( C", $unt !'m#!"t## !,#&', "$tm +,'n$#!A/ num'n#" 'n'%#!"B/ atelectaziiC/ :PCOD/ pneumomediastinE: pneumotora' spontan

    *( C t,+u# $" #n!u" t,"t"mntu !,'n#! " un "!#nt "$tm"t#! !",

    ,nt" $#mt'm ,",A/ $t,'# #n""t',##B/ educatieC: simpatomimetice inhalatorii la nevoieD/ +t"-2-"*'n#$t# #n""t',## !u u,"t" un*" "!t#unE/ indepartarea agentilor care declanseaza astmul

    ( C", #n u,m"t'", m'#%!",# 5un!t#'n" $unt $!#%! "$tmuu# +,'n$#!/A/ #,#n4"t#" um'n","B/ 'n'%#" #n $ut"C/ cresterea .E!/ cu cel putin 3+1 dupa 2 pu4-uri dintr-un agonistbetaadrenergic

    D: reactvitatea crescuta a cailor aeriene la provocarea cu metacolinaE/ ,&nt" '+$t,u!t## +,'n$#!

    +( S"mt,'u/A/ este un beta-2-adrenergic cu durata lunga de actiuneB/ $t ,!'m"n"t nt,u t,"t"mntu #$'"', "!utC/ este util in tratamentul cronic la pacientii cu simptome persistenteD/ '"t ,''!" #,#t"+##t"t *,"t" $# !5"E/ ,u! #n4"m"t#" !"#', ",#n

    $( A$tmu +,'n$#! ",*#! $t/A: mai frecvent sezonierB: mai frecvent la copiiC: ascociat cu nivel crescut de Ig ED/ m"# 5,!nt " 5m#E/ m"# 5,!nt " mu!*"#u,#

    5( n "$tmu +,'n#! !"# ",#n 't % #n%t,"t !u/A/ limfociteB: eozino)le

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    C/ m"!,'5"*D/ neutro)leE/ m"$t'!#t

    ( LEUCOTRIENELE DETERMINAA/ contractia muschilor netezi

    B: productia crescuta de mucusC: edemul mucoaseiD: afectarea transportului mucociliarE/ #$t,u*," #t#uu# !"#', ",#n

    &( nt,-' ,"!t# #n4"m"t',# #ntn$" #m#"t" "",/A/ +,'n'#"t"t#"B/ mu *n,"C/ !'n*$t#" ",t,#""D/ congestia vascularaE: edemul local

    +%( P'u"nt## "tm'$5,#!# #m#!"t# #n "",##" "$tmuu# $unt/A/ m'n'#u !",+'nB/ dio'idul de azotC: ozonD/ +n&nE/ dio'id de sulf 

    +3( M',5'"t''*#! #n "$tmu +,'n$#! $ '"t #nt#"/A/ hipertro)a musculaturii netede bronsiceB/ "t,'%" "$', mu!'"$# $# $u+mu!'"$# +,'n$#!C/ edem al mucoasei bronsiceD/ #n%t,"t #m5'!#t", #n ,t +,'n$#!E/ ingrosarea marcata a membranei bazale a mucoasei bronsice

    +2( In "$tmu ",*#! $ 't !'n$t"t" unu $"u m"# mut #nt, u,m"t'","$!t !#n#! $"u "+',"t',/A/ Antecedente personale sau familiale de boli alergicB/ Lu!'!#t'&"C/ Eozino)liaD: Cresterea IgE in serE: 6este de provocare pozitive la inhalarea unui antigen speci)c

    +*( St#mu## !", #nt,"!t#'n"&" !u ,"!t##t"t" !"#', ",#n $# !", 't#nu! #$'" "!ut "$tm 't % ,,&nt"t# /A/ alergeniB: infectiiC: factori profesionaliD: medicamente -aspirinaE/ m#!"mnt #*'#n

    +( A$tmu ,'5$#'n" '"t "", u" un," " un" $"u m"# mut#nt, u,m"t'", n'/

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    A: 7ulberi de lemn sau vegetaleB: Agenti farmaceuticiC: Chimicale industriale si mase plasticeD: Enzime biologiceE/ E5',t

    ++( C m"# %!"! m#>'"! t,"t"mnt #n "$tmu +,'n$#! $unt ,,&nt"t/A/ eliminarea agentilor cauzali din mediul unui astmatic alergicB: medicamente care inhiba contractia musculaturii netede bronsiceC: medicamente care diminueaza si8sau previn in"amatiaD/ "nt#+#'t#!E/ !t',"nt

    +$( Gu!'!',t#!'## $unt #n#!"t# #n t,"#" "$tmuu# +,'n$#! #n u,m"t'",$#tu"t##/A/ la orice pacient la care boala nu este controlata prin bronhodilatatoareinhalatorii

    B/ In !,#&" "$tm u$'","C/ In criza de astm severaD: In astmul bronsic cu crize frecventeE/ In !,#&" "$tm +,'n$#! !", 'u"&" !'n!'m#tnt !u num'n#

    +5( S#mt'm ,$#$tnt "$tm +,'n$#! 't % t,"t"t !u/A/ 9 2 agonisti inhalatori cu durata lunga de actiuneB: teo)lina retardC: parasimpatoliticeD/ #u,t#!E/ ,',"n''

    +( A$tmu ",*#! $ "$'!#"&" !u/A/ istoric personal sau familial de boli alergice rinite, urticarie, eczema;B: reactie cutanata de tip papula eritematoasa pozitiva la in0ectareaintradermica de e'tracte din antigenele aerogeneC: niveluri crescute de IgE in serD/ t$t ,''!", 't#" ,#n #n""," unu# "nt#*n $!#%!E/ n#u,# $!"&ut I*E #n $,

    +&( T,m#n"," unu# #$' "$tm +,'n$#! $t 5,!nt m",!"t" /A/ tuse cu e'pectoratie groasa, )lantaB: spirale Curshman sputa ia forma cailor aeriene distale;C: la e'amenul microscopic -eozino)le si cristale Charcot-

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    D/ +,'n'!'n$t,#!t',E/ "nt#tu$#

    $3( A$tmu +,'n$#! ",*#! $ "$'!#"&" "$" !u/A/ urticariaB/ ,"!t## !ut"n"t t# $!,',m#

    C/ n#u,# !,$!ut I*A #n $,D: EczemaE: istoric familial de boli alergice

    $2( C", #nt, u,m"t'", "%,m"t## ,##n "nt#!'#n,*#! #n t,"t"mntu"$tmuu# +,'n$#! $unt 5"$/A/ "u "!t#un nt"B/ au potenta foarte mareC/ $unt n!$", 80 "n" "

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    E/ pot e'ista episoade de evolutie cu dispnee continua timp de catevaile

    $5( M!"n#$mu #n4"m"t', #n "$tm #m#!" ",t#!#"," $nt#"" "u,m"t'",', !u/A/ ,#t,'!#t

    B/ eozino)leC: mastociteD: macrofageE: limfocite

    $( T,"t"mntu "nt##n4"m"t', " "$tmuu# +,'n$#! #n!u/A/ lucocorticoiziB: cromol=nul de sodiuC: nedocromilul de sodiuD/ #n5,#n"E/ $"+ut"m'u

    $&( T,"t"mntu +,'n'#"t"t', " mu$!u"tu,## nt #n "$tmu +,'n$#!#n!u/A/ '#*n't,"#"B: izoproterenolulC: metaproterenolulD/ "nt#uH't,#nE/ albuterolul

    5%( T,"t"mntu u,"t" #n "$tmu +,'n$#!/A/ are scopul asigurarii functiei pulmonare cea mai buna posibilaB: se face prin educarea bolnavuluiC/ ,#n "m#n#$t,"," m#!"t## "n#t##n4"m"t'", num"# " n'#D/ prin administrarea de steroizi orali zilnic la bolnavii cu simptomeremanente sau continue si cu functie pulmonara instabilaE/ #t"," "$#,#n# $# "nt##n4"m"t'",', n$t,'##n

    53( In !,#&" $," "$tm +,'n$#!/A/ zgomotele respiratorii pot dispareaB/ &*'m't ,$#,"t',## $ "m#%!"C/ n*u ", ' t'n'#t"t 5'",t >'"$"D/ #heezingul are o tonalitate foarte inaltaE: apare pulsul parado'al

    52( M#!"mnt !", ,#n $#?$"u #m#nu"&" #n4"m"t#" $unt/A/ agenti stabilizatori ai mastocituluiB/ "*'n#$t## +t"-",n,*#!#C/ glucocorticoiziiD/ "nt#!'#n,*#!#E/ +'!"nt## !"n"', !"!#u

    5*( D#n un!t , !#n#! "$tmu +,'n$#! $ m"n#5$t" ,#n/A/ accese de dispnee

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    B: accese de tuseC: accese de #heezingD/ "!!$ 5+,"E/ "!!$ $t,#',

    5( Du" "t"! +'n"u !u "$tm +,'n$#!/

    A/ A, 5+,"B/ A, 5,#$'nC/ 7are ca isi revine completD: 7oate prezenta o perioada de cateva zile cu un grad de obstructieE/ P'"t ,&nt" un $#n,'m ,$t,#!t# ,,$#+# " t,"#

    5+( F+'t'm#" $t #n#!"t" !"n n"t'!,#tu ", "',# $t/A/ 37JB/ 60JC/ 67JD/ 70JE: ++1

    5$( C", $t $#*u,u m' $#*u, " ',# 'ut#" $#,'"m', '+$t,u!t# "!"#', ,$#,"t',##A/ '#*n't,"#" un*" u,"t"B/ t,"t"mntu #n""t', !u +,"'mu"," #,"t,'#umC/ t,"t"mntu "nt#+#'t#!D/ abandonul fumatuluiE/ ,!#t## %! $# nut,#t#"

    55( :'"" um'n"," !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u ,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# $!","!t,#&"&" ,#n u,m"t'", mnt CU EKCEPTIA/A/ t# !'n$t#tut#'n" "$tn#!B/ 5''$#," mu$!#', ,$#,"t',# "!!$',#C/ t"#nD/ #,$'n',#t"t " ,!ut#E/ e'oftalmie

    5( U,m"t'", mnt $unt !","!t,#$t#! +'## um'n", !,'n#!'+$t,u!t# !u ,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# CU EKCEPTIA /A/ !,$t," !""!#t"t## um'n", t't"B/ t# !'n$t#tut#'n" "$tn#! !u #,, 'n,"" #nt"C/ $!"," +#t', #,"t',## m"#m"D/ hipercapniaE/ $!"," !""!#t"t## t,"n$5, " CO

    5&( C", #nt, $mn m"# >'$ nu $t !","!t,#$t#! +'## um'n", !,'n#!'+$t,u!t# !u ,m#n"nt" +,'n$#t# /A/ scaderea severa a reculului elasticB/ "*,""," #,tn$#un## um'n", #n t#mu 5',tuu#C/ ,&nt" un# !""!#t"t# #5uun n',m" $"u u$', $!"&utD/ $ut" u,unt" "+unnt"E/ #,tn$#un um'n"," ,"u$ m',"t" $"u $,"

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    %( C", #nt, m"n#5$t",# m"# >'$ nu %n$t +,'n$#t" !,'n#!"A/ distensia permanenta, anormala a spatiilor aeriene distal de bronsioleleterminaleB/ $!,t#" "*,"t" mu!u$ " n# t,"'+,'n$#!C/ tu$" $# !t',"t#" ! ut#n 3 un# "n m"# mut 2 "n#

    !'n$!ut#D/ #,t,'%" *"n', ,'u!"t'", mu!u$E/ $ut" "+unnt" u,unt" ,$#$tnt" $"u ,!u,nt" #n "+$nt" unu#,'!$ $uu,"t# '!"#&"t

    3( C", #nt, 5"!t',## t#''*#!# #m#!"t# #n "t'*n#" +,'n$#t# !,'n#! $t!'n$#,"t " % ! m"# #m',t"nt /A/ P,#$'t#" *nt#!"B/ P'u"," ",uu#C/ umatulD/ Eun," ,'5$#'n"" " u+,# $# *"& t'#!E/ F"!t',## #n5!t#'$#

    2( Fum"tu #nt,#n #n "t'*n&" +,'n$#t# !,'n#! $# " m%&muu# um'n",,#n /A/ At,'%" *"n', $!,t'", mu!u$B/ Alterarea miscarii cililorC/ St#mu"," 5un!t## m"!,'5"*', "'",D/ St#mu"," "nt#,'t"&',E/ R""," mu$!u"tu,## nt

    *( :,'n$#t" !,'n#!" mu!'u,unt" $ !","!t,#&"&" ,#n /A/ /puta purulenta persistenta sau recurentaB/ Sut" ,"t"C/ Sut" mu!'"$"D/ =m't#E/ n* ,!'!

    ( In "t'*n#" +,'n$#t# !,'n#! " 5'$t +#n m'n$t,"t" #m#!"," /A/ D%!#tuu# !,u'"$m#n"B/ umatuluiC/ P'u",## !u "m'n#"!D/ P'u",## !u #'# "&'t (NO2)E/ P'u",## !u u+,# $##!'*n

    +( P"!#ntu !u :'"" um'n"," !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u ,'m#n"nt"+,'n$#t" ,nt" '+#!# !'m","t# !u ! !u ,'m#n"nt" m%&mA/ D#$n $," ,m"nnt"B/ Sut" ,u$" mu!'#"C/ In5!t## +,'n$#! m"# ut#n 5,!ntD/ ",$t" " #"*n'$t#! $t 80 "n#E/ 6use inainte de debutul dispneei

    $( C", #nt, u,m"t',## 5"!t',# nu $unt #m#!"t# #n t#''*#" :POC

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    A/ Fum"tuB/ F"!t',# *nt#!#C/ AlcoolismulD/ In5!t## +,'n$#!E/ In""," !,'n#!" " #5,#t#', #,#t"nt# +,'n$#!#

    5( :POC ,'m#n"nt +,'n$#t#! $ #"*n'$t#&"&" #n >u,u ",$t# /A/ 60 "n#B/ +% de aniC/ 80 "n#D/ $u+ 60 "n#E/ $t 80 "n#

    ( :,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $#m" $ !","!t,#&"&" ,#n /A/ "",#t#" 5,!nt" " !'#u m#!B/ "",#t#" " !# !u tu+,!u'&" um'n","C/ producerea unei spute mucoaseD/ ,'u!," un# $ut u,untE/ tu$ $# #$n $u#,"t'",

    &( M',5'"t''*#" +,'n$#t# !,'n#! !u,#n /A/ #,t,'%" *"n', ,'u!"t'", $u,5"!t"ntB/ #,t,'%" *"n', #n $u+mu!'"$" !"#', ",#n m#!#C/ hipertro)a glandelor din caile aeriene mari, cartilaginoaseD/ #n%t,"t #m5'!#t", #n mu!'"$"E/ ,&nt" u!'!#t', #n $u+mu!'"$"

    &%( C","!t,#$t#!# +'## um'n", !,'n#! '+$t,u!t# !u ,'m#nnt"m%&muu# $unt /A/ dispnee severaB/ #$'" 5,!nt #n5!t## +,'n$#!C/ #,tn$#un um'n"," ,"u$ $,"D/ !""!#t"t" #t"" !,$!ut"E/ !""!#t"t #5uun n',m""

    &3( T#nt" $# $#u #n#t#,## #n4"m"t## #n +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $t/A/ +,'n$#'" t,m#n""B/ +,'n$#'" ,$#,"t',#C/ #nt,$t#t#u um'n",D/ epiteliul alveolarE/ +,'n#" ,#n!#"" $# t,""

    &2( :,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $ %n$t !#n#! ,#n tu$ !u !t',"t# /A/ ! ut#n 2 un# ? "n m"# mut 2 "n# !'n$!ut##B/ cel putin * luni8 an, minimum 2 ani consecutiviC/ ! ut#n 8 un#? "nm"# mut 3 "n# !'n$!ut##D/ ! mut 3 un#? "n 2 "n# !'n$!ut##E/ !'nt#nu"

    &*( :POC t# A - !u ,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# ( #nH-u,)$

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    !","!t,#&"&" ,#n /A/ !,t," m"t'!,#tuu#B/ #'m# $,"/C/ 'ut# ,"#" $, !', um'n", !,'n#!D/ aspect radiogra)c de hiperin"atie, cord micE/ tu$ !u !t',"t# "+unnt" u,unt"

    &( In +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" "+"n'nu 5um"tuu#/A/ este mai facil la pacientii foarte motivatiB: determina reducerea ratei de declin a .E!/C: este facilitat de folosirea inlocuitorilor de nicotinaD/ ", 5!t $#m#", t,"## !u +,'n'#"t"t'",E/ nu $t %!#nt !"n 5un!t#" um'n"," $t $, !'m,'m#$"

    &+( In *"tu," !u :PCO !u ,'m#n"nt" +,'n$#t# $ 't "%,m" u,m"t'",/A/ D+#t ,$#,"t',## m"#m" $unt #n",#"+# !,$!utB: Capacitatea pulmonar total este de obicei normalaC/ C""!#t"t" #t"@ $t !,$!ut"D/ Capacitatea vital este moderat diminuataE: E'ista o crestere moderata a volumului rezidual

    &$( R5,#t', " 5um"t un 5"!t', "*,"", " +,'n$#t# !,'n#! $ '"t"%,m" !"/A/ altereaza miscarile cililor epiteliului respiratorB: inhiba functia macrofagelor alveolareC/ #m+un"t"t$t !'n$#,"+# 5un!t#" ,$#,"t',# #n *n,"D/ contribuie la hiperplazia glandelor secretoare de mucusE/ $t#mu"&" "nt#,'t"&

    &5( T,"t"mntu #n$u%!#nt# ,$#,"t',## "!ut !'n$t" #n u,m"t'", ,'!$

    $#mut"n/A/ ,!#t## %! ,*u"t ! "u! un +n%!#u +'n"uu#B: mentinerea unor niveluri acceptabile ale ventilatiei si o'igenariiC/ #nt,,u," '#*n't,"## "t',#t" #n"tu,",## $t#muuu# #'#!D/ tratamentul infectiei, aspirarea secretiilor si inlaturarea factoruluiobst,u!t#E/ #n ,&nt" m"nut,#t## $u#mnt"," ',"" " #t#

    &( T#m## #,"t',# $unt ,un*#t# #n t'"t +'# '+$t,u!t# um'n", #n!"u&"/A/ ?ezistente crescute a cailor aerieneB: Compliantei pulmonare crescute em)zem;C/ C,$t,## ,!uuu# "$t#!D/ S!",## 'umuu# ,u"E/ C'nt,"!t##t"t## !,$!ut " #"5,"*muu#

    &&( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## !u ,5,#, " !'nt,'u #n5!t##', +,'n'!'n$t,#!t## $# "$!,t##', $unt "","t/A/ indepartarea secretiilor se face fortand pacientul sa tuseascaB: beta-2 adrenergicele cresc viteza de transport a particulelor, pe

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    suprafata mucociliaraC/ ,n">u '$tu," $# ,!ut#" t',"!u# nu $unt ,!'m"n"tD/ antibioticele cu spectru larg sunt recomandate daca germenii nu suntcunoscuti sau izolatiE: teo)lina asociata bronhodilatatoarelor poate creste clearence-ulBronhopulmonar

    3%%( C", #nt, u,m"t'", mnt !'nt,#+u# " "",#t#" #,tn$#un##um'n", #n m%&m/A/ !,$t," PCO2 ",t,#""B/ hipo'ia alveolaraC: reducerea suprafetei totale de sectiune a patului vascular pulmonarD/ #,t,'%" nt,#!u"," ,"t"E/ !,$t," !""!#t"t## ,u" 5un!t#'n"

    3%3( GLANDELE PRODUCATOARE DE MUCUS SE GASESC IN /A/ !"# ,$ m#!#B/ &'n !nt," " "!#nu#C/ +,'n#'D/ caile respiratorii mariE: cartilaginoase

    3%2( L" "!#ntu !u :POC #'#" !,'n#!" u! " /A/ "$'#"t"t#B/ vasoconstrictieC/ ,#t,'!#t'&" ,#m","D/ eritrocitoza secundaraE/ !', u'm", !,'n#!

    3%*( E5!t $!un", " t'%#n# !#", " "m#n#$t,@,# #n #m#t

    t,"ut#! -$unt/A/ insomnieB/ *,"t"C/ ",$"tu,#D/ t"#",#tm##E: nervozitate

    3%( M'#%!"," $t,u!tu,## um'n", t# m%&m"t'$ $t un ,'!$/A/ !u 'ut# t,m $!u,t"B/ ireversibilC: cu evolutie indelungataD/ ,,$#+#E/ m"#*n

    3%+( A*nt## "nt#!'#n,*#!# 5''$#t# #n t,"t"mntu :POC $unt /A/ atropinaB/ "m#n'%#n"C/ ,n#$'nuD/ bromura de ipratropiuE/ t,+ut"#n"

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    3%$( Eun," "$#" " 5umu t#*"," $ !',"&" !u /A: tuseB: #heezingC/ m't#D/ productie de sputa

    E/ 'm#!"

    3%5( C m"# 5,!nt +"!t,## "t'*n #m#!"t #n #n5!t## ,$#,"t',##$untA/ R#n'#,u$u,#B/ aemophillus in"uenzaeC: /treptococcus pneumoniaeD/ M!'"$m" num'n#"E/ !ora'ella catarrhalis

    3%( C","!t,#$t#!# !#n#! " +'## um'n", !,'n#! '+$t,u!t# !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# $unt/A/ tu$" #n$t""t" #n"#nt" +utuu# #$n#B/ sputa redusa, mucoidaC: tusea instalata dupa debutul dispneeiD/ $ut" "+unnt" u,unt"E/ 5,!nt" !,$!ut" " !',uu# um'n",

    3%&( Smn '+#!t# " +'n"## !u +'"" um'n"," !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#"!u ,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# $unt/A/ tahipneeaB/ +,"#n"C/ #'$'n',#t"t" +"&', um'n",D: e'pirul relativ prelungit

    E: galopul presistolic accentuat in timpul inspirulu#

    33%( Em%&mu um'n", $ %n$t !"/A/ "5!t#un "$'!#"t" !u $!,t#" "*,"t" mu!u$ " n#t,"'+,'n$#!B/ #$tn$#" ,m"nnt" " $"t##', ",#n " n#u +,'n$##',,#n!#"C/ afectiune in care se distrug septurile alveolareD: distensia permanenta a spatiilor aeriene distal de bronsiolele terminaleE/ "5!t#un #n !", $ "$t,"&" $tu,# "'",

    333( Ant#+#'t,"#" #n m"n"*mntu :POC t,+u# $" t#n" !'nt ' $,# !'n$#,nt !um ", %/A/ Antibioterapia scade durata si severitatea episoadelor infectioaseB: Cele mai mari bene)cii se obtin cand pacientii au mai mult de patrue'acerbari acute pe anC/ G,mn## #n!,#m#n"t# (="m'#u$ num'!'!u m',"") $unt#nt#"+## #n $ut" !u$# #n !u,$u "!,+",#', "!utD/ E'amenul bacteriologic se indica in caz de frisoane, febra, 0unghitoracic sau cand aspectul purulent nu se modi)ca la administrarea

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    E/ #$'" #n$u%!#nt" ,$#,"t',# $unt m"# 5,!nt

    33( In#!"t#" ut##&", " Am#n'%#n# #n +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $t >u$t#%!"t" u,m"t'", 5!t/A/ BronhodilatatoareB: Cardiotonice

    C: DiureticeD: De crestere a contractilitatii diafragmuluiE/ Ant#",#tm#!

    33&( U,m"t'", +,'n'#"t"t'", $unt %!#nt #n t,"#" +,'n$#t#!,'n#!/A/ Bromura de ipratropiumB: Amino)linC/ At,'#n"D/ E5,#n"E/ 6erbutalina

    32%( E5!t %'"t''*#! " un#', m%&m"t'"$ !'n$t"u #n/A/ ?educerea reculului elastic al plamanuluiB/ In4"m"," !,'n#!" " !"#', ",#nC/ Cresterea colapsului cailor aeriene in e'pirD: Cresterea disproportionata a efortului respiratorE/ =#,$!,t#" mu!u$

    323( T,"t"mntu +,'n'#"t"t', #n :POC ut##&"&" /A: /impatomimeticeB: Derivati de teo)linaC: AnticolinergiceD/ Mu!'#t#!E/ O#*n't,"# ,un*#t"

    322( L" "m#n"," ,"#''*#!" " "m"n#', #n :POC !u ,'m#nnt"m%&muu# $ !'n$t"t"/A/ Diafragme coborate, aplatizateB/ S#ut" !",#"!" ",*" m",#t"C: Atenuare periferica a desenului bronho-vascularD/ =#'t,"n$",nt" ,t,'$t,n""E/ L",*#," m#"$t#nuu# $u,#',

    32*( F#'"t''*#! #n :PCO/ ()A/ creste capacitatea de colabare a cailor respiratoriiB: apare o ingustare a cailor respiratoriiC: apare pierderea reculului elasticD: scad debitele ma'ime respiratoriiE/ !,$t !""!#t"t" #t""

    32( In :PCO/A/ !,$! +#t ,$#,"t',## m"B/ scade capacitatea vitala

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    C: creste volumul rezidualD: creste travaliul respiratorE: creste capacitatea pulmonar total

    32+( :,'n#$t" !,'n#!" $ %n$t ,#n /A/ tu$ 5,!nt" ! ut#n 6 un# " ,"n

    B/ tuse cu e'pectoratie cel putin * luni pe anC/ #$n !u tu$ 5,!nt" #n $&'"n ,!#D/ sindrom bronsitic * luni pe an 2 ani consecutivE/ tu$ ,!u,nt" $"!" ntu" !u "$!t $u#,"t',

    32$( In +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" $unt /A/ antecedente de tuse cu e'pectoratieB/ "nt!nt u,,# t',"!#! t',"!#! #5u&C/ "nt!nt num'n## ,t"tD/ ,&nt " +ut '+$t,u!t#" +,'n$#!" $# n*uE/ prezente tardiv obstructia bronsica si #heezingul

    325( Em%&mu um'n", /A/ $t ' n't#un !#n#!" u,"B/ $ %n$t m',5'*#!C/ se de)neste ca si distensia permanenta anormal a spatiilor aerienedistaleD/ #$tn$#" $"t##', ",#n $t $#tu"t" ,'#m" +,'n$#'E/ distensia spatiilor aeriene evolueaza cu distrugerea septurilor alveolare

    32( In +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" #n un!t ,m',5'"t''*#! $ #n#"&@/A/ ,&nt" un#', +,'n$#! #5u&B/ sediul principal al obstructiei este pe caile respiratorii miciC/ $ "$'!#"&" mu " n#u +,'n$##', m",#D: apare hiperplazia celulelor mucipareE/ "", m#!# t,'m+'& ,#"'",

    32&( D#n un!t , m"!,'$!'#! #n +,'n'num"t#" !,'n#!"'+$t,u!t#" utm $u$#n !@/A/ $#u ,#n!#" " '+$t,u!t## $t $#tu"t #n +,'n## m##B/ '+$t,u!t#" $ #n$'t$t m#!# t,'m+'&C/ e'ista edem peribronsicD: se gaseste un in)ltrat in"amator situat in mucoasa bronsicaE/ $ "4" num,'"$ 'n'%

    3*%( S#n,'mu !#n#! #n +,'n'num'"t# !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# um'n", !u,#n /A/ ,'m#n"nt" nt" " +",+"t#', '+B/ istoric indelungat de tuse redusaC: dispnee de efort cu evolutie lungaD/ #$'" ,!u,nt u,,# t',"!#!E/ e'pectoratie intermitent mucoasa in cantitate redusa

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    3*3( In $t"## ""n$"t #n +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!#t" !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# t"+'u !#n#! !u,#n /A/ tip constitutional astenicB: de)cit ponderalC/ +'n" 5+#D/ +'n" +,"#n#!

    E/ "$!t ,u+'t#! " 5"!#$uu#

    3*2( E"mnu '+#!t# #n +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"ntn" m%&muu# #nt#"&" /A/ bolnav tahipneicB: e'pir prelungitC/ tu$ $"!" 5,!nt" !#nu#t'",D/ #n 't# $&"n" +'n"## $ ,"&m" $, $"tE/ au frecvent buzele protruzionate

    3**( L" "mnu '+#!t# " m%&m"t'$uu# !u +,'n'num'"t#!,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" $ n't"&" /A/ la percutie hipersonoritate difuzaB/ " ,!ut#" +"&', $t t#m"n#$mC/ 5,"m"tu !t'," $t "!!ntu"tD/ mu,mu, !u", "!!ntu"tE/ murmur vezicular diminuat

    3*( Au$!ut"t#" um'n"," #n +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# $ '+$,@/A/ n*B/ #, $u#,"t',C/ e'pir prelungitD: murmur vezicular diminuat

    E: raluri )ne de tonalitate inalta la sfarsitul e'pirului

    3*+( E',"," 5un!t#'n"" ,$#,"t',# ," #n +,'n'num'"t#"!,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u ,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# u,m"t'", "tA/ !""!#t"t" um'n"," t't"" nm'#%!"t"B/ volumul rezidual crescutC: capacitatea vitala scazutaD/ !""!#t"t" t,"n$5, " CO $t nm'#%!"t"E/ ,m"+##t"t" !"#",uu# um'n", $t nm'#%!"t"

    3*$( In +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u ,'m#n"nt"m%&muu# "mnu ,"#''*#! '"t ,"A/ $n +,'n'"'", "!!ntu"t +#"t,"B/ diafragme coborateC: aplatizarea cupolelor diafragmaticeD: hipertransparenta pulmonaraE/ +u m%&m +"&"

    3*5( E"mnu ,"#''*#! #n +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# n't"&" /

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    A/ #'t,"n$",nt" um'n"," +"&""B/ cresterea transparentei retrossternaleC/ !",#'m*"# ,'m#n"nt " !',uu# ,tD/ ingustarea siluetei cardiaceE: atenuarea periferica a desenului bronhovascular

    3*( E'ut#" !#n#!" #n +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" m%&muu# $ !","!t,#&"&" ,#n /A/ 5,!nt ,!u,nt #n5!t#'"$ $,B: evolutie rapida spre agravare, secundar infectiilorC: dispnee severaD: dispnee progresivaE/ ", un*# ,#'" "!"m#

    3*&( P"!#ntu !u +,'n'num'"t#" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" +,'n$#t# ", u,m"t'", !","!t,#$t#!# /A/ este fumator inveteratB/ ", "nt!nt num'n## ,t"tC/ 5,!nt ", "nt!nt tu+,!u'&" um'n","D/ ", t,!ut #$n ,'*,$#"E/ antecedente de tuse cronica cu e'pectoratie purulenta

    3%( P"!#ntu !u +,'n'num'"t# !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#" !u,'m#n"nt" +,'n$#t# ", u,m"t'", "t /A/ "nt!nt #,'& ,t"tB/ tu$ 5,!nt" #n#t#" ","C: tuse frecventa initial iarnaD: recurente cu e'pectoratie mucopurulentaE/ 5,!nt $ut m't'#!33( E#t#u "'", &"t #n +,'n$#t" #+,"&"/A/ mici cantitati de substante reglatoareB: endopeptidaza neutraC: enzima e conversie a angiotensineiD/ mu!#n"E/ '$'n#n32( P,'u!t#" $ut" #n +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $t $t#mu"t" /A/ ,'u$## !u', #n4"m"t',## #n $!#" nut,'% !", $!,t"mu!u$B/ e'ocitoza crescuta din celulele secretoriiC: mediatori lipidiciD: produsii celulelor in"amatorii, in special de macrofagele care secretamucusE/ m#"t',# *#!','t#!#3*( n '+$t,u!t#" $," $"u m',"t-$," " !"#', ,$#,"t',## $unt!","!t,#$t#!/A/ #$",#t#" #n*uu#B/ alterarea capacitatii de muncaC/ "t,"," u$'"," " 5un!t## nt#"t',##D/ ,""," mu$!u"tu,## +,'n$##',E/ dispneea

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    3( In !",u %'"t''*## #n +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" '+$t,u!t#"/A/ forta reculului static al plamanului e diferenta dintre presiuneaalveolara si intrapleuralaB: pierderea reculului elastic pulmonar duce la cresterea capacitatiifunctionale rezidualeC: capacitatea functionala reziduala e volumul la care reculul spre interior

    al plamanului e contrabalansat de reculul spre in afara al peretelui toracicD/ 4uu ",#"n !,$t '"t" !u !,$t," ,$#un## u," u" ! $$t"+##&"&" ,$#un" #nt, ,$#un" +,'n$#!" $# #nt,"u,""E/ obstructia semni)cativa a cailor respiratorii e prezenta uneori la ocapacitate vitala normala3+( In "t'*n&" :POC $ ,!un'$!/A: poluarea aeruluiB: fumatulC/ un," ,un*#t" " 5,#*D/ un," ,un*#t" " 5,#* $# #'# "&'tE/ !'n$umu !$# "!''3$( In#!"t# "%,m"t## FALSE !u ,##, " "!#ntu " !", m%&mu $t

    ,'m#n"nt /A: varsta de diagnostic este de apro'imativ +% de aniB: hipertensiunea pulmonara este agravata la efortC: em)zemul este mai frecvent la femei si copiiD/ $ut" $t ,*u" ,u$" mu!'#"E/ concentratia o'igenului este de apro'imativ *+-% mmg35( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## !u ,##, " ,'*u,# +t"2-$!t# $unt"","t/A/ ! m"# 5''$#t $unt t,+ut"#n" mt',''u"+ut,'B/ pot ) administrate oral dar si prin aerosoliC: izoproterenolul are mai multe efecte cardiace adverse decatalbuterolul, terbutalina si metaproterenolul

    D: mai des sunt folosite ca medicatie bronhodilatatoare: terbutalina,albuterolul, metaproterenolulE/ #&','t,n'u $t $#n*u,u 5''$#t3( Sunt "","t u,m"t'", "%,m"t## !u ,##, " %'"t''*#" :POC/()A/ nu #$t" un $#n,*#$m #nt, #'# $# "!#'&"B: hipo'ia cronica duce la vasoconstrictie pulmonara si la eritrocitozasecundaraC: supraincarcarea cronica a ventricolului drept conduce la hipertro)e si,in asociere cu alterarea gazelor sanguine, in )nal la insu)cientaD/ #'#" !,'n#!" u! " "$'#"t"t# tm',","E/ eritrocitoza din B7C se datoreaza secundar hipo'iei cronice3&( Fum"tu #nun*"t/A/ Altereaza miscarea cililorB: Conduce la hipertro)a si hiperplazia glandelor producatoare de mucusC/ Dt,m#n" ,""," mu$!u"tu,## ntD/ $t#mu"&" 5un!t#" m"!,'5"*', "'",E/ Determina contractia musculaturii ntede3+%( R"#''*#! #n +,'n$#t" !,'n#!" $ 't *"$# u,m"t'", "$!t/A/ ingrosarea peretilor bronhiilor, manifestata prin umbre tubulare

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    B/ $t,*," $nuu# +,'n'"'",C/ accentuarea desenului bronhoalveolarD/ !', m#! "un*#tE/ largirea segmentelor trunchiului artere pulmonare3+3( C m"# ,"$"n#t t# =TA $t/A/ =TA ,n'"$!u","Q

    B/ =TA n'!,#n"QC/ =TA !"u&" nu,''*#!"QD/ 6A esentialaFE/ =TA !u 'um #nt,""$!u", !,$!ut.3+2( C", #nt, u,m"t'", m"$u,# t,"ut#! nu ,'u! $u5,#nt" 5t""" "m#n#$t,"," ', " ' "!#nt" *,"#" $# #,tn$#"/A/ R$t,#!t#" $," $",B/ D#u,t#!C: !etildopaD/ N#t,',u$#"tu $'#uE/ In#+#t',## nm# !'n,$#3+*( D#u,t#! t#"#! "u !" ,"!t## $!un", 5,!nt u,m"t'",

    m'#%!",# +#'!#m#! !u ' !t#/A/ =#''t"$m#B/ =#,u,#!m#C/ =#,*#!m#D/ =#,!'$t,'m#E/ ipocalcemie3+( C", #n u,m"t'", m#!"mnt nu ,''"!" tu$ $"u"n*#'m/A/ !"t',#B/ n"",#C/ 5'$#n',#D/ #$#n',#E/ losartan3++( In#!"t# ,"nt" #,tn$#un## ",t,#" $nt#" #n 'u"t#"*n,"" #,tn$#" /A/ 90-97JB/ 97-;0JC/ ;0-

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    E/ "$'#"t"t',3+( R&ut"tu ,$#un## ",t,#" !,$!ut $t/A/ #n5",!tu !,+,"B/ $"$mu !,+,"C/ hemoragia cerebralaD/ encefalopatia hipertensiva

    E/ mu !,+,"3+&( U,m"t'", ,,nt" m"$u,# *n," nm#!"mnt'"$ #nt,"t"mntu =TA !u EKCEPTIA /A/ ,u!," "',tuu# "#mnt", $'#uB/ $u#mnt"," "#mnt"t## !u 't"$#uC/ ,$t,#!t#" "',tuu# !'$t,' $# *,"$#m# $"tu,"tD/ $!"," #n *,ut"t " $u,"'n,"# $# '+E/ evitarea efortului )zic3$%( In =TA "$'!#"t" !u #"+tu &"","t ! m"# ut# "nt##,tn$# $untA/ "5"+'!"ntB/ #u,t#! t#"#!C: inhibitorii enzimei de conversie a angiotensinei

    D/ "$'#"t"t'",E/ "*nt## "nt#",n,*#!# +'!"nt# *"n*#'n",#3$3( L'$",t"nu $t un m#!"mnt ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu #,tn$#un##",t,#" $# 5"! ",t #n !"$"/A/ #u,t#!B/ "nt"*'n#$t# "# !"n"', !"!#uC/ +'!"nt# ,!t',# +t"-",n,*#!#D/ #n#+#t',# nm" !'n,$#E/ antagonisti ai receptorilor de angiotensina3$2( L" +'n"# !u #,tn$#un ",t,#"" '&" $#,'n'"!t'n" $t /A: 2+mgde2-oripeziB/ 20-;0m*2-3',#C/ 7-10 m*?D/ 100m*2',#E/ 127 m* 3$*( L" "!#nt## !u #,tn$#un ",t,#"" 5u,'$m#u $ "m#n#$t,"&" #n'&" / ("*. 1731)A/ 127-27 m* B/ 600m* C/ 2%-% mg de 2 - * ori pe ziD/ 7-10 m* E/ 1-3 m* 3$( L" !", #n u,m"t'", #u,t#! $ n't"&" !" 5!t $!un",*#n!'m"$t#"/A/ T#"#!B/ Fu,'$m#C/ /pironolactonaD/ T,#"mt,nE/ Am#',#3$+( In#!"t# "nt##,tn$#u !", ,'u! *#n!'m"$t# /A/ C'n##n"B: !etildopa

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    C/ R&,#n"D/ Gu"nt##n"E/ T,#mt"5"n3$$( In#!"t# m#!"mntu !", "",t#n +n&'#"&#n',/A/ DiltiazemB/ ,""m#

    C/ N#!",##n"D/ I$,"##n"E/ F'##n"3$5( In#!"t# m#!"mntu !", "",t#n !"$# 5n#"!#"m#n',/A/ .erapamilB/ D#t#"&mC/ Am###n"D/ N#!",##n"E/ I$,"##n"3$( C", #n u,m"t'", ,'*u,# nu ,''"!" tu$/A/ :n"&,#B/ F'$#n',#C/ ut"*'m,u", ," $#!",/A/ actioneaza asupra angiotensinogenului, transformandu-l inangiotensina IB/ t,"n$5',m" "n*#'tn$#n" I #n "n*#'tn$#n" IIC/ #n"!t#"&" "n*#'tn$#n" IID/ #n"!t#"&" "n*#'tn$#n" IE/ t,"n$5',m" "n*#'tn$#n" II #n "n*#'tn$#n" III35%( F"!t',## ,#$! "$'!#"t# !u un ,'*n'$t#! n5"',"+# " #,tn$#un##

    ",t,#" $unt/A/ 5um"tuB/ '+t"t"C/ #"+tu &"","tD/ ,"$" n"*,"E/ toate353( In #,tn$#un" ",t,#"" 't "", u,m"t'", $mn!t,'!",#'*,"%!/A/ $u,"n#", ST #n 1-6B/ #nt," PR $t 020 $!C/ hipertro)e ventriculara stangaD/ #,t,'% nt,#!u"," ,"t"E/ #,t,'% +#nt,#!u","352( In t,"t"mntu #,tn$#un## ",t,#" ! m"# ut##&"t #u,t#! $unt/A/ #u,t#! "n$"B/ tiazideleC/ $#,'n'"!t'n"D/ "m#',#uE/ t,#"mt,nu35*( D'&" ',"" n#!" ,!'m"n"t" #n #,tn$#un" ",t,#"" n"",#

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    $t/A/ 27-7 m*B/ 7-10m*C/ 27-20m*D/ 2,+-%mgE/ 10-20 m*

    35( D'&" n#!" "m'##n" ,!'m"n"t" #n #,tn$#un" ",t,#""$t/A/ 27-7 m*B/ 2,+-3%mgC/ 7-10 m*D/ 7-17m*E/ 27-17m*35+( L" "!#nt## !u #,tn$#un ",t,#"" $# !u ' 5,!nt" !",#"!"!,$!ut" ,#m" #n# t,"ut#!" ' ,,nt"/A/ n#5##n"B/ betablocanteleC/ #n#+#t',## nm# !'n,$# " "n*#'tn$#n#D/ #u,t#!E/ "nt"*'n#$t## ,!t',#', "n*#'tn$#n"35$( P,$#un" $"n*#n" $t !'nt,'"t" !"n ", "',# $u+ /A/ 120?;0 mm=*B/ 170?

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    A/ +t" +'!"ntB/ #u,t#!C/ hidralazinaD: metildopaE: antagonistii canalelor de calciu3&$( N't"t# '+#!t# #n#t#" " t,"t"mntuu# #n #,tn$#un" ",t,#""

    m"#*n"/A/ ,u!," "',tuu# $",B/ corectarea complicatiilor medicaleC: reducerea presiunii diastolice cu 38* din cea iniJial, dar nu sub &+mmgD/ ,u!," ,"$t#!" " tn$#un## ",t,#"E/ "',t $u#mnt",  3&5( A",#t#" #,tn$#un## ",t,#" " 5m# !", !'n$um" !'nt,"!t#'," ", ut" % *"t" /A/ sensibilitatea vasculara crescuta la angiotensina IIB: factori familialiC: continutul estrogenic al contraceptivelor

    D/ $t#mu"," $#$tmuu# $#m"t#!E/ ,u!," !'n!nt,"t## ,'$t"*"n#n3&( E5!tu "nt##,tn$# " "*nt#', "nt#",n,*#!# !u "!t#un !nt,""$-", "t',"/A/ scaderii "u'ului simpaticB/ +'!",## #+,",## n',#n5,#n" #n t,m#n"t## n,'"$ ",n,*#!C/ scaderii debitului cardiac si frecventei cardiaceD/ +'!",## ,!t',#', "5" '$t$#n"t#!#E/ t# 'm#!"3&&( U,m"t'", ,,nt" m't# ,"$un$ t,"ut#! $"+ " "!#nt###,tn$##A/ aport e'cesiv de sodiuB: folosirea contraceptivelor oraleC/ "#mnt"t# +'*"t" #n 't"$#uD/ efecte medicamentoase antagonisteE: forme secundare de 6A2%%( U,m"t'", 't % m'"#t"t# ,&nt", " "!#ntuu# !u =TAm"#*n"A/ '#u,#"B: oliguriaC: cefaleeaD: varsaturileE/ "$#mt'm"t#!2%3( IECA $unt %!#nt# #n u,m"t'", !"&u,#A: in 6A renala sau renovascularaB: in 6A accelerata sau malignaC/ #n $tn'&" +#"t,"" ",t," ,n""D/ " *,"# !u =TAE: in 6A usoara2%2( D$, "nt"*'n#$t## !"n"', !"!#u u,m"t'", "%,m"t## $unt 5"$!u EKCEPTIAA/ ##,'#,##n #nu! +,"#!",# ,4"

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    B/ diltiazemul si verapamilul incetinesc conducerea atrioventricularaC/ +n&'t#"&#n #nu! t"#!",# ,4"D/ sunt utili in angina pectoral"E/ 't % ut##&"t# 5"," ,!"ut## #n #n$u%!#nt" !",#"!"2%*( D$, "nt"*'n#$t## ,!t',#', "n*#'tn$#n" II u,m"t'", "%,m"t##$unt 5"$ !u EKCEPTIA

    A/ $unt m"# %!#nt# !"t IECAB/ nu cauzeaza tuseC: inhiba competitiv subtipul de receptor A63 al angiotensinei IID/ !"u&"&" m"# 5,!nt "n*#'mE/ utilitatea este similara cu a IECA2%( D$, D#"&'# $unt "","t u,m"t'",A: este un derivat tiazidicB/ $t un #u,t#! t#"#!C/ scade toleranta la glucideD/ $ "m#n#$t,"&" , '$E/ provoaca retentie de sodiu2%+( In +'"" !','n",#"n" "$'!#"t" !u =TA $ 't 5''$# u,m"t'",

    "nt##,tn$#A/ enalaprilB/ #,""n"C/ amlodipinaD/ m#n'##E/ diltiazem2%$( En!5"'"t#" #,tn$#" !'n$t" #n u,m"t',u !'m $#mt'm/A: hipertensiune severaB: cresterea presiunii intracranieneC: retinopatie cu edem papilarD/ $t"&" >u*u","E/ tulburari ale constientei2%5( C", #nt, u,m"t'", !"$ m#!"mnt $unt 5''$#t #nt,"t"mntu #,tn$#un## ",t,#"/A/ diureticeleB/ t'n#!",#"! #*#t"#!C/ inhibitorii enzimei de conversieD: antagonistii receptorilor angiotensineiE: antagonistii canalelor de calciu2%( C", #nt, u,m"t'", #u,t#! 't % "m#n#$t,"t #m,un" !u un#u,t#! t#"#! nt,u " ,u! #m#n"," u,#n"," 't"$#u/A/ /pironolactonaB: 6riamterenulC: AmiloridulD/ Fu,'$m#uE/ :umt"n#"2%&( C", #nt, u,m"t',## 5"!t',# ,#$! #n#!" un ,'*n'$t#! n5"',"+# "#,tn$#un## ",t,#"/A/ fumatulB: hipercolesterolemiaC/ #'n"t,m#"D/ diabetul zaharat

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    E: obezitatea23%( C", #nt, u,m"t'", m'#%!",# ,t#n#n $ #nt"n$! #n#,tn$#un" ",t,#""/A/ "$ ,t#n#n "# 5"," ,4B/ "$ n'5',m"t#C: hemoragii

    D: e'sudateE: edem papilar233( C", #nt, u,m"t'", "5!t#un# n'!,#n $unt !"u& #,tn$#un ",t,#""/A: feocromocitomulB/ #n$u%!#nt" !',t#!'$u,",n"" !,'n#!"C: sindromul CushingD: acromegaliaE/ #"+tu #n$##232( F"!t',# ,#$! !", #n#!" un ,'*n'$t#! n5"',"+# " =TA $untu,m"t'", !u EKCEPTIA/A/ !'n$um "*,"t "!''B/ se'ul femininC: diabetul insipidD/ #,!'$t,'m#"E/ '+t"t"23*( M#!"mnt "nt##,tn$# !u "!t#un ,'m#n"nt !nt,"" $untu,m"t'",/A/ ClonidinaB/ Mt',''uC/ G"'"m#uD/ !etildopaE: uanfacina23( Sunt "","t u,m"t'", "%,m"t## ,5,#t', " +'!"nt## ,!t',#',

    +t" ",n,*#!#/A/ se indica in activitate nervoasa simpatica cardiaca crescutaB/ nu #n4unt"&" mt"+'#$mu *u!##!C/ poate precipita insu)cienta cardiaca congestivaD/ $ '"t "m#n#$t," $# #n "$tm +,'n$#!E/ inhiba raspunsurile simpatice responsabile de hipoglicemie23+( M't# unu# ,"$un$ t,"ut#! $"+ " "!#nt## !u #,tn$#un $untu,m"t'",/A/ forme secundare de 6AB/ 5!t m#!"mnt'"$ $#n,*#$tC: doze inadecvate mici;D/ "n!,"t#t" !,'n#!"E/ administrarea paralela a corticosteroizilor23$( P"!#nt" *,"#" $# #,tn$#" $ '"t t,"t" !u u,m"t'","nt##,tn$#/A: metildopaB: hidralazinaC: antagonistii canalelor de calciuD/ #n#+#t',## nm# !'n,$#E/ n#t,',u$#"tu

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    235( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## $unt "","t #n *"tu," !u "nt"*'n#$t##!"n"', C"/A: numai dihidropiridinele produc tahicardie re"e'aB: diltiazemul, verapamilul pot incetini conducerea atrio-ventricularaC/ "nt"*'n#$t## !"n"', !"!#u "u 5!t #"+t'*nD/ "u 5!t #n't,' 't#

    E/ se utilizeaza cu precautie la pacientii hipertensivi cu insu)cientacardiac"23( C "%,m"t## ,##n #m#!"," 5"!t',#', *nt#!# #n *n&"#,tn$#un## $unt "","t/A: In urma studierii factorului genetic se accentueaza natura probabilheterogena a populatiei cu hipertensiune esentialaB: !a0oritatea studiilor sustin ideea ca ereditatea este multifactorialaC/ In "'$t,'n#$mu *u!'!',t#!'# #n!"+# #$t" 5!t u,#*n#!D/ #"+tu &"","t t# 1 $ n$'t nt't"un" =TAE/ Au fost constatate in prezent si defecte monogenice si gene susceptibilecare prezinta ca una din consecintele lor o crestere a presiunii arteri"23&( O $,# 5"!t',# m#u "u 5'$t #n m' $!#" #m#!"t# #n

    &'t"," #,tn$#un## #n!un/A/ Aportul de sareB: Consumul de alcoolC: 7rofesia stress-ul profesional;D/ P'u"nt## "tm'$5,#!#E/ 'n" *'*,"%!"22%( C m'#%!",# 't % !'n$t"t"t 5,!nt #n n!5"'"t#" #,tn$#"/A/ 6ulburari ale constienteiB: Edem papilarC: ipertensiune severaD: 7resiune intracraniana crescutaE/ Smn nu,''*#! 5'!",223( C", #n u,m"t'", "%,m"t## ,##n #,tn$#un" ",t,#"" $unt"","t/A: 7acientii cu presiune arteriala diastolica de peste &% mm g in repetaterinduri trebuie tratatiB/ P"!#nt## !u #,tn$#un ",t,#"" $#$t'#!" #&'"t" "',# m"# m",# 180 mm =* t,+u# t,"t"t# #n#5,nt #,$t"C/ 7acientii cu hipertensiune arteriala sistolica izolata, valori mai mari de3$% mm g trebuie tratati daca ei au peste $+ de aniD/ P"!#nt## !u #"+t &"","t t,+u# t,"t"t# " ' ,$#un #"$t'#!" ;0mm =*E: 7acientii cu diabet zaharat trebuie tratati la o presiune diastolica de +mm *222( In#!"t# ,"!t## ",$ " #u,t#!', t#"#!/A: ipoGaliemieB: iperuricemieC: DepresieD/ In$'mn##E: ipercolesterolemi22*( In#!"t# ! "%,m"t## *"t ut##&"," #u,t#!', #n #,tn$#un"",t,#" $unt "","t/

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    A/ Diureticele tiazidice sunt deobicei e)ciente in *- zileB: /-a dovedit pe termen lung ca diureticele tiazice reduc mortalitatea simorbidit"t"C/ D#u,t#! "n$" $unt ut##&"t "t',#t" u,"t# ', un*# "!t#unD/ /pironolactona se dovedeste e)cienta in hiperaldosteronismul primarsau secundar

    E/ T,#"mt,nu ", 5!t "nt##,tn$# #nt,#n$! ut,n#!22( In#!"t# m#!"mnt "nt##,tn$# !u "!t#un ,'m#nnt!nt,""/A: ClonidinaB: uanabenzC: uanfacinaD/ Gu"n#t##n"E/ Gu"n",22+( In#!"t# m#!"mnt "nt##,tn$# !u "!t#un " n#ut,m#n"t##', n,'"$ ",n,*#! '$t*"n*#'n",/ ("*. 1730)A/ Gu"n"+n&B/ Gu"n5"!#n"C/ Mt#'"D: uanetidinaE: uanadrel22$( In#!"t# ,'*u,# "nt##,tn$# !", ,'u! #'tn$#un ",t,#""m",!"t@/A/ ClonidinaB: !etildopaC/ R&,#n"D/ uanetidinaE/ =#,""n"225( C", #n u,m"t'", "nt##,tn$# $unt !'nt,"#n#!"t #n#,u,#!m#/A/ 6iazidiceB: Diuretice de ansaC: Diazo'idD/ S#,'n'"!t'n"E/ Am#',#22( In#!"t# !", #n u,m"t'", "nt##,tn$# $t !'nt,"#n#!"t #n$",!#n"/A: Diuretice de ansaB/ Mt#'"C: CaptoprilD:

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    A:

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    D/ 7ropranololul se administreaza oral in doza de 3%-32% mg de 2- ori peziE/ P#n''u $ "m#n#$t,"&" '," #n '&" 200 m* 2*( C'nt,'u ,*#muu# "#mnt", #n #,tn$#un" ",t,#"" ,nt"u,m"t'", "$!t/A/ ,$t,#!t# $," $'#u

    B: restrictie usoara de sodiuC: reducerea aportului caloric la pacientii supraponderaliD: eliminarea8reducerea consumului de alcoolE/ !,$t," "',tuu# ###!2*&( C m"# 5,!nt 5!t $!un", " #n#+#t',#', nm# !'n,$# " "n*#'tn$#n# $unt/A/ hipotensiuneB/ t"#!",#C/ tuseD/ +,"#!",#E/ #",2%( C',"t## #nt, #,tn$#un" ",t,#""$# '+t"t ,nt"

    u,m"t'", "$!t/A/ cresterea n greutate este asociatacu o frecventacrescutaahipertensiuniiB: la pacientii obezi cu hipertensiune scaderea n greutate reducetensiunea arterialaC: la pacientii obezi hipertensivi tratati medicamentos scaderea ngreutate reduce intensitatea tratamentului necesarD/ !,$t," n *,ut"t ,u! 5!t #,tn$#un## "$u," ,"t', m',t"#t"tE/ '+t"t" nu $t 5"!t', ,#$! " #,tn$#un##23( C", #nt, u,m"t'", #u,t#! 't % "m#n#$t,"t m,un" !u un#u,t#! t#"#! nt,u " ,u! #m#n"," u,#n"," 't"$#u/A/ Fu,'$m#uB/ :umt"m#"C/ 6riamterenulD: AmiloridulE: /pironolactona22( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## $unt "","t *"t "t,'$!,'&"!','n",#"n" !u EKCEPTIA/A/ Stn'&" "t,'$!,'t#!" " !','n",', #!",#! $t $*mnt","B/ P"!" "t,'$!,'t#!" $t u$" " %$u,", m',"*# t,'m+'&"C/ L'!"#&"," '+$t,u!t## #n4unt"&" &'n" m#'!", #$!m#!D/ "$ !'"t," $ &'t" !"n '+$t,u!t#" $ &'t" ,'*,$#E/ .asele colaterale mentin viabilitatea miocardului in situatiile carenecesita "u' crescut2*( C" m"# '+#$nu#t" "!u&" ,&nt", " +'n"#', !u #n5",!tm#'!",#! "!ut $t ,,&nt"t" /A/ durereB/ "#t"t##C/ >n" ,!',#""D/ #nt"tu,# ,!',#"E/ $#n

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    2( C" m"# 5,!nt" m'"#t"t #m"*#$t#!" 5''$#t" " "!#nt## !u#n5",!t m#'!",#! "!ut $t ,,&nt"t" /A/ ecocardiogra)aB/ !'*,"%" "+'m#n"@C/ ,&'n"nt" m"*nt#!" nu!","D/ t'm'*,"%" !'mut,#&"t"

    E/ nt,#!u'*,"%" ,"#'#&'t'#!"2+( Un mnt $nt#" #n t,"t"mntu "!#nt#', !u $u$#!#un #n5",!tm#'!",#! "!ut # ,,nt"/A/ #*'#nuB/ !#n##n"C/ ##n"D/ #t#"&muE/ aspirina2$( An"*!u t,m %!#nt nt,u u,," "$'!#"t" !u #n5",!tum#'!",#! $t ,,&nt"t /A/ mor)naB/ "unC/ #+u,'5nD/ #!'5n"!E/ #n'mt"!#n25( C", $t "*ntu "nt#"!t", !u !" m"# ",*@ ut##&", #n #n5",!tum#'!",#! "!utA/ ##,#"m'uB/ t#!'##n"C/ aspirinaD/ !'#'*,uE/ "nt##n4"m"t',## n$t,'##n2( C" m"# 5,!nt" $# 'tnt#" !" m"# $,#'"$" !'m#!"t# "t,'m+'#&# $t/A/ ,"!t## ",*#! " $t,t'H#n"&"B/ #'tn$#un ",t,#""C/ %+,#"t# nt,#!u","D/ hemoragieE/ #,tn$#un ",t,#""2&( O!u" t,'m+'t#!" " ",t,# !','n", #n #n5",!tu m#'!",#! "!ut $t!"n$"t" /A/ E#+,"," '# n#t,#!B/ isura, ruperea sau ulcerarea unei placi de ateromC/ D&'t"," unu# "n,#$mD/ E#+,"," ,'$t"*"n#n" E2E/ E#+,"," n't#n" 12+%( C", $t !" m"# '+#$nu#t" ,"!t# ",$" " "m#n#$t,","n#t,'*#!,#n#/A/ "#t"t##B/ cefaleeaC/ u,," ,t,'$t,n""D/ ",$"tu,#E/ !'n$t#"t#"2+3( C", $t u,"t" u,,## #n "n*#n" !t',"" $t"+#"/

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    A/ 7-10 $!unB/ 10-30 $!unC/ 3-+ minuteD/ 17-30 m#nutE/ 6-8 ',2+2( Du,," "n*#n'"$" #n IMA '"t % '!"#&"t" $"u #,"#"&" #n

    u,m"t'", &'n !u EKCEPTIA/A/ E#*"$t,uB/ :,"t +#"t,"C/ Um",u $t"n*D/ M"n#+u"E/ Inferior de ombilic2+*( Du,," "n*#n'"$" #n IMA $t "+$nt" m"# "$ " +'n"## !u/A/ IMA "nt,#',B/ :'n"# t#n,#C/ Diabet zaharatD/ IMA "t,"E/ IMAD2+( D'&" u&u"" " nt,'*#!,#n# "m#n#$t,"t" $u+#n*u" #n "n*#n"!t',"" $t/A/ ;0120m*B/ %,* L %,$mgC/ 06 12 m*D/ 20-30m*E/ 80260m*2++( R*#mu "m#n#$t,", " mt',''uu# #n "n*#n" !t',"" $t"+#"$t/A/ 70m*6',#B/ 100m*6',#C/ 2+-2%% mg de 2 ori pe ziD/ 27-200 m* 6 ',# E/ 200-600 m* ' "t" 2+$( An*#n" !t',"" $t"+#"/A/ $t #n$t"" m"# ut#n 2 un# $# "", #nt't"un" " 5',tu,# "!"$# #ntn$#t"tB/ "", #nt't"un" " 5',tu,# "!"$# #ntn$#t"t ", $# #n ,"u$C/ "", " 5',tu,# #n ! #n ! m"# m#!#D/ apare de regula la eforturi de aceeasi intensitateE/ "", #n ,"u$ ,*u" n'"t"2+5( :,"#!",#" $#nu$"" #n !u,$u #n5",!tuu# mu#!",#! "!ut $ t,"t"t"&",#n "m#n#t,"," /A/ ",n"#n"B/ atropinaC/ #&','t,n'D/ '"m#n"E/ n',",n"#n"2+( C" m"# 5,!nt" !"u&" " #n5",!tuu# m#'!",#! "!ut $t/A/ m+'#" !','n",#"n"B/ tromboza coronarianaC/ $"$mu !','n",#"n

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    D/ "n'm"## !'n*n#t" " ",t,', !','n",#nE/ +'# #n4"m"t',## $#$tm#!2+&( L" "mnu %! "!#nt## !u #n5",!t m#'!",#! #n5,#', 't ,&nt" "+ut/A/ $u4u $#$t'#! "#!" t,"nt',B/ !,$t," tm,"tu,## $t 3; C

    C/ t"#!",# $#?$"u #,tn$#unD/ bradicardie si8sau hipotensiuneE/ 5,!"tu," ,#!",#!" ,$#$tnt" ,u*'"$"2$%( n5",!tu m#'!",#! "!ut $t !"n$"t /A/ isura, ruperea sau ulcerarea unei placi de ateromB/ D&'t"," unu# "n,#$m "',t#!C/ E#+,"," ,'$t"*"n#n"E2D/ E#+,"," n't#n"1E/ E#+,"," "n*#'tn$#n"22$3( Ut##&"," "$#,#n# n t,"t"mntu #n#t#" n ",t"mntu u,*nt" "#n5",!tuu# m#'!",#! "!ut $ 5"! n '& /A/ 130 - 180 m*?B/ 3$% - *2+ mg8ziC/ 600 - 700 m*?D/ 70 -100 m*?E/ 627 - 700 m*?2$2( D'&" n#!" "$#,#n" "m#n#$t,"t" n t,"t"mntu !",#'"t###$!m#! $t /A/ 10-37 m*B/ 3%%-*2+ mgC/ 927-970 m*D/ 1-17 *E/ 2-6 *2$*( ,""m#u NU t,+u# "$'!#"t #n m' '+#$nu#t !u/A/ N#t,"t#B/ D#u,t#!C/ In#+#t',# ECAD/ BetablocanteE/ Ant#+#'t#!2$( P,#n!#" 5!t ",$ " mt',''uu# NU #n!u/A/ D,$#B/ 6ahicardieC/ :,'n'$"$mD/ C'n$t#"t#E/ Im'tnt"2$+( S,#t"t" #n>u,## m#'!",#! #n #n5",!tu "!ut #n u,m"t',##5"!t',#/A: gradul de obstructieB: starea circulatiei colateraleC: e)cienta )brinolizei spontaneD: necesarul de o'igen al miocardului afectatE/ ,!'!#t"t" #n$t#tu#,## t,"t"mntuu# t'n#!",#"!2$$( U,m"t'", "%,m"t## $unt "","t *"t m"n#5$t",# !#n#! #n#n5",!tu m#'!",#! "!ut/ ("*. 16

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    A/ u,," +ut"&" ! m"# 5,!nt u" "m#"&"B/ infarctul inferior se poate insoti semne de hiperactivitate parasimpaticaC: durerea poate lipsi la diabeticiD/ #$tn$#" n', >u*u", ,##!" $u$#!#un" #n5",!t m#'!",#!E/ dispneea poate ) simptomul dominant la varstnici2$5( I,"#," t##!" " u,,## #n "n*#n" !t',"" '"t % /

    A: in epigastruB: in ambele brateC: in ma'ilarD: in spateE/ #n #'!'n,u ,t2$( In ",'#m"t# >um"t"t #n !"&u,# $ #nt#%!" un 5"!t', ,!##t"nt"nt,#', #n5",!tuu# m#'!",#! !um ", %/A/ eforul )zic sustinutB: stresul emotionalC: bolile medicaleD: tratamentele chirurgicaleE/ $'mnu2$&( A*nt## "nt#t,'m+'t#!# ut##&"t# #n t,"#" #n5",!tuu# m#'!",#! "!ut $unt,,&nt"t# /A: aspirinaB: blocantii receptorilor glicoproteici II b8III aC: heparinaD/ ##n"E/ ,'!"#n"m#"25%( F''$#," "!"t" " t,"## t,'m+'#t#! u,m",$t/A/ reducerea dimensiunii infarctuluiB: restabilirea permeabilitatii arterei coronareC/ !'nt,'u u,,##D/ $!"," n!$",uu# m#'!",#! '#*nE/ m'+##&"," ,!'! " "!#ntuu#253( F"!t',# ,#$! m">',# "# "t,'$!,'&# $unt/A/ LDL "$m"t#! $!"&utB/ fumatulC/ =DL "$m"t#! !,$!utD: diabetul zaharatE: hipertensiunea arteriala252( Du,," #n !,#&" "n*#n" !t',"" $t $!,#$" "!#nt !"/A/ o greutateB/ ' #nt"tu,"C/ presiuneD: strivireE: rareori ca durere franca25*( In *"tu," !u u,," #n "n*#n" !t',"" $t"+#" $unt !',!tu,m"t'", "%,m"t##/A: are caracter crescendo-descrescendo si dureaza 3-+ minuteB: episoadele de angina pot aparea noaptea, in timp ce pacientul esteculcatC/ ,"*u 5',t !", t,m#n" "",#t#" "n*#n# !t'," $t % $# nu",#"&" !u m'mntu #n $"u $t"," m't#'n""

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    D/ poate ) precipitata de activitati neobisnuite, un pranz bogat saue'punerea la frigE: poate avea localizare atipica si poate sa nu )e legata de factoriideclansatori296. P"nu t,"t"mnt " "n*#n# !t'," !u,#n/A/ informarea si linistirea pacientilor

    B: identi)carea si tratarea conditiilor agravanteC: adaptarea activitatiiD/ "u"," 5un!t## nt,#!u", $t"n*#E/ terapie medicamentoasa297. C"$ m#!"mnt ut##&"t #n t,"t"mntu "n*#n# !t',"$unt/A/ +'!"nt ,!t',#', "5"-",n,*#!#B/ nitratiC: blocantele receptorilor beta-adrenergiciD: antagonistii calciuluiE/ $#m"t#!'m#mt#!25$( R5,#t', " t,"t"mntu "n*#n# #n$t"+# $unt ""+# u,m"t'",

    "%,m"t##/A/ "!#nt## nu n!$#t" !"m"nt $# $"t#B: se administreaza heparina intravenos pentru *-+ zile asociata sauurmatade aspirina oral in doza de *2+ mg8ziC/ nu $t n!$"," "m#n#$t,"," n#t,'*#!,#n# $u+#n*u"D/ nitroglicerina intravenos se incepe de la o doza de 3% micrograme8minE: se pot administra beta-blocante299. C"u& m!"n#! " #n5",!tuu# m#'!",#! "!ut $unt/A: ruptura de perete liberB/ ,#!",#t"C/ insu)cienta mitralaD: defectul septal ventricularE/ A,#tm## $u,"nt,#!u",29;. F"!t',## ,#$! m">',# "# "t,'$!,'&# !u,#n/A: hipertensiuneaB:

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    D/ iradiere spre umarul stang, fata ulnara a antebratului si mainiiE: declansata de efort sau emotie2;1. C", #nt, u,m"t'", !"$ m#!"mnt $unt ut##&"t '+#$nu#t #nt,"t"mntu "n*#n# !t',"/A/ nitratiiB/ +#*u"n#

    C/ blocantele receptorilor beta-adrenergiciD: blocantele canalelor de calciuE/ "m#n $#m"t'm#mt#!2;2. An*#n" !t',"" #n$t"+#" !u,#n u,m"t'", $#tu"t##/ ("*. 1717-18)A/ angina cu debut recent M2 luni; care este severa si frecventa mai multde * episoade pe zi;B: angina stabila cronica la care crizele anginoase devin mai frecvente,mai prelungite sau precipitate de eforturi mai mici decat anteriorC: angina de repausD/ "n*#n" !u ,"* % "",#t# " u,,## u" un "num#t 5',tE/ "n*#n@ !u u,"t@ un*@ " 5',tu,# m#!#2;3. C", $unt 5"!t',## ,#$! " "",#t## #n5",!tuu# m#'!",#!A/ hipertensiunea arterialaB: diabetul zaharatC: nivelul crescut al

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    2( In#!"t# !","!t,#$t#!# ! m"# t##! nt,u u,," #n #n5",!tum#'!",#!/A/ Int't"un" $ '!"#&"&" #n ,*#un" ,!',#"" $# #,"#"&" t##! #nmm+,u $u,#', $t#n* m",*#n" !u+#t""B/ /e localizeaza in regiunea centrala a toracelui si8sau epigastruC: cazional iradiaza in brate

    D: @u iradiaza inferior de ombilicE: Este adesea insotita de transpiratie, greturi, varsaturi2;

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    A/ durere retrosternala cu caracter de presiune8strivireB/ u,, t',"!#!" "$!ut#t" $!u,t" u,"t"C: iradiere la gat, dinti, ma'ilarD: iradiere la epigastruE/ u,, $u," ,un*#t" #n ,*#un" $u+m"m"," $t"n*"2&$( C"u& 5,!nt " #$!m## m#'!",#! " "ut $unt/

    A/ ateroscleroza arterelor coronare epicardiceB/ m+'#" !','n",#"n"C/ tromboza coronarianaD/ "n'm"## !'n*n#t"E/ "nm#" $,"2&5( I$!m#" m#'!",#!" '"t % ,'u$" ,#n u,m"t'", m!"n#$m/A/ scaderea "u'ului sanguin miocardic prin ingustarea lumenului arterelorcoronarieneB: cresterea anormala a necesarului de o'igen miocardicC/ $!"," n!$",uu# '#*n m#'!",#!D/ spasmul arteriolelor intramiocardiceE: scaderea capacitatii sangelui de a transporta o'igenul

    2&( F"!t',## ,#$! m">',# "# "t,'$!,'&# $unt/A/ fumatulB/ =DL "$m"t#! !,$!utC/ diabetul zaharatD: hipertensiunea arterialaE: