Gradele de comparatie

prezentare

Comparativ de superioritate si Superlativ

1. Adjective scurte

2. Adjective lungi

3. Adjective neregulate

1. Adjective scurte (toate adj. monosilabice si unele bisilabice)

Comparativ de superioritate (mai…):

adj. + -”er”

Superlativ (cel mai…):

the + adj. + “-est”

Reguli de scriere la adaugarea “-er” si “-est”

1. Adj. terminate in consoana-vocala-consoana dubleaza ultima litera.Big – bigger – the biggest

2. Adj. terminate in “-e”, il elimina:Nice – nicer – the nicest

3. Adj. terminate in “-y” precedat de consoana transforma “-y” in “-i”:Funny – funnier – the funniest

4. Adj. terminate in “-l” precedat de vocala neaccentuata dubleaza “-l”-ul:Cruel – crueller – the cruellest

Exemple:

fat – fatter – the fattest thin – thinner – the thinnest big - bigger – the biggest pretty – prettier – the prettiest happy – happier – the happiest dirty – dirtier – the dirtiest fine- finer – the finest simple – simpler – the simplest tall – taller – the tallest old – older (elder) – the oldest (the eldest) slow – slower – the slowest clever – cleverer – the cleverest narrow – narrower – the narrowest

2. Adjective lungi

Comparativ de superioritate (mai…):

more + adj.

Superlativ (cel mai…):

the most + adj.

Exemple:

beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful important – more important – the most important Interesting – more interesting – the most interesting recent – more recent – the most recent expensive – more expensive – the most expensive dangerous – more dangerous – the most dangerous

3. Adjective neregulate

Good – better –the best (well – better – the best) Bad – worse – the worst(ill - worse – the worst) Much – more – the most Many - more – the most Little – less – the least Far – farther – the farthest (departe in spatiu) Far – further – the furthest (departe in timp) Late – later – the latest (mai tarziu – cel mai recent/ultimul) Late – latter – the last (recent/al doilea - ultimul)

Comparativ de egalitate

Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:

as + adj. + as (la fel de… ca…)

Exemple:

As tall as (adj. scurt) He is as tall as my brother. (E la fel de inalt ca fratele meu)

As expensive as (adj. lung) This cap is as expensive as a dress. (Şapca aceasta este la fel de scumpa ca si o rochie.)

As much(+substantiv) as (adj neregulat) I think my neighbour has as much money as Donald Trump. (Cred ca vecinul meu are la fel de multi bani ca Donald Trump. I like reading as much as you do. (Imi place sa citesc la fel de mult ca tie.)

Comparativ de inferioritate

Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:

Not as + adj. + as … (nu la fel de …ca…)Sau

Not so + adj. + as … (nu asa de …ca…)

Exemple:

Not as dirty as/ not so dirty as (adj. scurt) Your windows are not as dirty as mine. (Ferestrele tale nu sunt la fel de murdare ca ale mele.)

Not as important as/ not so important as (adj. lung) I think Japanese is not so important as English. (Cred ca japoneza nu e asa importanta ca engleza.)

Not as bad as/ not so bad as (adj. neregulat) Your children are not so bad as mine. (Copiii tai nu sunt asa de rai ca ai mei.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – Din ce in ce mai….

Pentru adjective scurte si neregulate:

Comparativ de superioritate + and + comparativ de superioritate

Unfortunately our parents are older and older.(Din nefericire parintii nostri sunt din ce in ce mai batrani.)

Your English is better and better.(Engleza ta este din ce in ce mai buna.)

He has more and more knowledge about English.(Are din ce in ce mai multe cunostinte despre Engleza.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – Din ce in ce mai….

Pentru adjective lungi:

More and more + adjectiv

Your little child is more and more intelligent.(Copilasul tau este din ce in ce mai inteligent.)

Food is more and more expensive nowadays.(Mancarea este din ce in ce mai scumpa in zilele

noastre.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – cu cât… cu atât…

Pentru toate adjectivele:

The + comparativ de superioritate + S + V, the + comparativ de superioritate + S + V

The greater the effort is, the more satisfactory it will be.(Cu cat este mai mare efortul, cu atat mai satisfacator va fi.)

The more interesting the book becomes, the more anxious we are.(Cu cat mai interesanta devine cartea, cu atat mai nerabdatori suntem.)

The shorter the nights, the longer the days.(Cu cat (sunt) mai scurte noptile, cu atat (sunt) mai lungi zilele.)

Constructii idiomatice:

So much the better = cu atat mai bine So much the worse = cu atat mai rau So much the more = cu atat mai mult So much the less = cu atat mai putin