Ghid Practic Directia Agent Guvernamental 2012

7/30/2019 Ghid Practic Directia Agent Guvernamental 2012

1/42

GLKL]TBXRC @R]TLLBLAC XB^RHCLMLL GICDI_A

DLXBMLA AFBKT FR_BXKAGBKTAC

Glkl}tbxrc @r}tllbl s kx+ :8# }tx+ =1 Arfr}t 118 s Mjllkr s

FJLD ^XAMTLM

db a~clmaxb a `rxl}~xrdbkblMrxllBrxi~bkb k gatbxlakbbzbmrtxll l)}ar drxatbl bzmb}lvb

a ~ximbdrxlcix


2/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM

db a~clmaxb a `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll l)}ar drxatbl bzmb}lvb a ~ximbdrxlcix

A_BXTL]GBKT0

I~lkllcb bz~r}b k amba}t ~rhclmalb a~axlk k bzmcr}lvltatb artixrcrl l kr xbocbmt k gidihclfatixlr ~iplla iolmlac a Mrxll Brxi~bkb a Dxb~trxlcix Igrcrl l)}ar Mik}lclrcrl Brxi~bl+Db a}bgbkba amba}t ~rhclmalb kr mik}tltrlb l klml kr ~iatb ol lktbx~xbtat dxb~t i ~ipllbiolmlac a Glkl}tbxrcrl @r}tllbl ac Xb~rhclmll Gicdiva+


3/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s = s

MIKLKRT0Lktxidrmbxb +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2]bmlrkba L+ ]rfb}tll ^xamtlmb+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6

Bta~a ~xbclglkax+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6Adgl}lhlcltatba ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6Oikd +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6

k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll }ar bzbmrtxll taxdlvb +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :k gatbxla drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix `rdlmlaxb +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ]bmlrkba LL+ ^xlkml~ll'mjblb acb `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb v+ Gicdiva *bztxa}b, ++++++++++++++++ 1=mjb}tlrkl mr ~xlvlxb ca lkadgl}lhlcltatb+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1=

Xbfrca mbcix ? crkl *~xb}mxl~la dxb~trcrl ca amlrkb, ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1=]tatrtrc db vlmtlg +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1=Kbb~rlpaxba xbgbdllcix++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 14Maxamtbxrc vdlt kboikdat+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 14Ahrp db dxb~t+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 12

A~clmahlcltatba Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1?Mik}ldbxalrkl ~xbclglkaxb ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1?

Kbbzbmrtaxba ) bzbmrtaxba taxdlv +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1?Kilrkl ~xlkml~acb++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1:

tbxgbk xbpikahlc ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1:dlb} a qri +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1:dlb} ad qrbxk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1


4/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 4 s

Gixac +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =4Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl ) mjbctrlbcl `rdlmlaxb +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =2

]bmlrkba LLL+ AKBZA bzbg~cb dlk ~xamtlma Mrxll Brxi~bkb k }~bbcb vbx}r} Gicdiva+++++++++++ =?k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll)bzbmrtxll taxdlvb++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =?

^xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =?^xb`rdlmlrc gixac +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =6Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4>

drxata ~ximbdrxlcix rdlmlaxb +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 41^xb`rdlmlrc gatbxlac++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 41^xb`rdlmlrc gixac +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 41Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 48


5/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 2 s

@r}tlmb dbca|bd l} `r}tlmb dbklbd+

@r}tllb tbxflvbx}at b}tb i `r}tllb tfdrlt+Vlcclag Baxt Fcad}tikb

LKTXIDRMBXB

1+Idat mr adi~taxba Cbfll kx+ :6 dlk 81+>4+8>11 ~xlvlkd xb~axaxba db mtxb }tat a~xb`rdlmlrcrl marpat ~xlk kmcmaxba dxb~trcrl ca `rdbmaxba k tbxgbk xbpikahlc a marpbl }ar adxb~trcrl ca bzbmrtaxba k tbxgbk xbpikahlc a jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl *k miktlkraxb Cbfba kx+:6,# lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtl l artixltlcb }tatrcrl xb}~ik}ahlcl db lg~cbgbktaxba amb}tba*Lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtl# Glkl}tbxrc Olkakbcix# Glkl}tbxrc @r}tllbl# ^ximrxatrxa# btm+,# lkmcr}lvavimall l bzbmrtixll `rdlmlaxl ~xlval# }'ar txbplt k oaa rkrl krgx gaxb db mbxbxl l }b mikoxrktmr akrgltb dbolmlbkb db ixdlk ~xamtlm mr ~xlvlxb ca ~rkbxba k a~clmaxb a kixgbcix cbfll+ k gaxbagaìxltatba }a amb}tb dbolmlbkb db ixdlk ~xamtlm ~xlvb}m rk vicrg gaxb db mbxbxl adxb}atb k hapacbfll# dax kr l k rctlgrc xkd# i dlolmrctatb ~xbplkt kbcbfbxba mixbmt a `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll

Brxi~bkb a Dxb~trxlcix Igrcrl *k miktlkraxb Mrxtba }ar Mrxtba Brxi~bak, k }obxa dba~clmahlcltatb a Axtlmicrcrl ? l Axtlmicrcrl 1 dlk ^xitimicrc 1 ca Mikvbkla Brxi~bak mr ~xlvlxbca dxb~trxlcbl clhbxtlcborkdagbktacb acb igrcrl*k miktlkraxb Mikvbkla,+

8+A~axtb db actb mik}ldbxbktb db ixdlk ~xamtlm maxb vlpbap lg~cbgbktaxba ca klvbc kalikac a`rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb l a ~xbvbdbxlcix Mikvbklbl# i dlolmrctatb ~xbplkt kirtatba Cbfllkx+ :6 maxb a ~xbvprt ihclfala lk}takbcix kalikacb db a a~clma dlxbmt `rxl}~xrdbka Mrxll l~xbvbdbxlcb Mikvbklbl ca bzaglkaxba marpbcix db amba}t matbfixlb *Axtlmicrc 1 aclk+*8, dlkCbfba kx+:6,+

=+^xbpbktrc Fjld axb ma }mi~ db a bz~clma ~xlkml~ll db hap db maxb }b mikdrmb Mrxtb aBrxi~bak ca bzaglkaxba marpbcix mr ~xlvlxb ca drxata kbxbpikahlc a ~ximbdrxlcix `rdlmlaxb l mr

~xlvlxb ca kbbzbmrtaxba }ar bzbmrtaxba taxdlv a jitxxlcix `rdbmtixbtl+ Fjldrc b}tb gbklt }ixlbktbpb ~xlkml~acll amtixl lg~clmal k a~clmaxba Cbfll kx+ :6 l iobx ~rkmtb db xb~bx ~bktxrlk}takbcb kalikacb ca bzaglkaxba rkix a}tobc db marpb+ Mbcb miklkrtb k amb}t Fjld kr ar i

~rtbxb `rxldlm bfac mr Cbfba }ar actb lk}txrmlrkl l kr ~it ol mik}ldbxatb ma ollkd rkbcbxbmigakdxl mr tltcr iolmlac adxb}atb artixltlcix+ Amb}tba mik}tltrlb diax tbpb gbkltb } }rfbxbpbi macb db }icrlikaxb a marpbcix adxb}atb k hapa Cbfll kx+ :6 l ar ma }mi~ } mik}icldbpbmrkitlkbcb k digbklrc Mikvbklbl l a `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb# a~clmahlcb k a}bgbkbamaprxl+ Diax k}rl `rxl}~xrdbka Mrxll l ~xbvbdbxlcb Mikvbklbl mik}tltrlb rk lpvix vbxltahlc dbdxb~t~bktxr lk}takbcb kalikacb l amb}tba ~it ol l rxgbap a ol a~clmatb db lk}takbcb kalikacb+

4+Klml i xbobxlk ca akaclpa bobmtrat dlk amb}t Fjld kr ~iatb l kr txbhrlb } olb oici}lt cagitlvaxba jitxxlcix k hapa Cbfll kx+ :6# lax mbcb db}mxl}b gal ì} kr ~it ihclfa klmli lk}tltrlb}ar artixltatb db }tat+ Fjldrc# db a}bgbkba# kr a avrt ma }mi~ } ~xi~rk lktbx~xbtaxba Cbfll kx+:6 }ar a actix ~xbvbdbxl cbfacb takfbktb+ Dbi~itxlv amba}t }axmlk madb ~b }baga artixltlcix

`rdlmlaxb l a mbcix cbfl}catlvb+ Fjldrc a avrt ma }mi~ diax }l}tbgatlpaxba ktx'i gaklbx ammb}lhlca `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb# k }~bmlac ambcbl vbx}r} Gicdiva# maxb a vlpat ~xihcbgakbbzbmrtxll)bzbmrtxll taxdlvb a jitxxlcix l drxata ~ximbdrxlcix `rdlmlaxb+ Amba}t }l}tbgatlpaxbiobx rtlclpatixlcix Fjldrcrl x}~rk}rxl ca dir ktxbhxl ' mb akrgb l rkdb akrgb } marl}icrla+ Ca obc Fjldrc oixgbap i ~bxmb~lb fbkbxac a}r~xa `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb kdigbklr l ~bxgltb ldbktlolmaxba xa~ld a }icrllcix+

2+k }~bmlac }b ammbktrbap# m xbmigakdxlcb db gal ì}# k ~axtlmrcax ambcb maxb ~xlvb}m ibvbktrac a~xbmlbxb a mraktrgrcrl }atl}oamlbl bmjltahlc }ar a vacixlcix mig~bk}allcix hkbtl#kr }rkt ihclfatixll+ Amb}tba ar diax xicrc db ixlbktaxb l k gaxb ~axtb ~xbplkt vlplrkbaartixrcrl amb}trl Fjld# hapat ~b ~xi~xla }a ~xamtlm l mrkitlkb k digbklr+ k amb}t }bk}#Fjldrc kr b}tb i ~rhclmalb iolmlac k }bk}rc mca}lm ac amb}trl mrvkt+ Titrl# ca bcahixaxba

Fjldrcrl }'a kmbxmat a }b lkb mikt#~b mt }b ~iatb db a~xia~b# db `rxl}~xrdbka Mrxll Brxi~bkbl ~xlkml~llcb lk}tltrltb db amba}ta+ Xb}~bmtlv# a~ixtrc artixrcrl }'a xbobxlt ca xbprgaxba l }lktbpa
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6/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s ? s

~xlkml~llcix xbcbvaktb bztxa}b dlk jitxxlcb Mrxll Brxi~bkb k marpbcb vbx}r} Gicdiva laxakàxba amb}tixa ktx'i gaklbx ammb}lhlc l ciflm+

?+k olkac# artixrc Fjldrcrl a xbprgat tbztbcb dlk jitxxl ~xlk gaxmaxba ~xlkml~llcix mrvaciaxb db cbfb }ar rkix lktbx~xbtxl mr bobmt ~bx}ra}lv+ Ca obc }'a igl} ~b mt b}tb ~i}lhlc mltaxbamarpbcix Mrxll Brxi~bkb# actix dbmt ambcba g~itxlva Gicdivbl+ k maprc k maxb bxa kbmb}axmltaxba rkix actb marpb acb Mrxll Brxi~bkb ~bx}ra}lvb ~bktxr ~xbpbktrc Fjld # mltaxba a xga}lktamt+ Diax marpbcb vbx}r} Gicdiva ar oi}t mltatb mr igltbxba dbkrglxll k ktxbflgb a tltcrcrlmarpbl *ox }lktafga m+ Gicdivbl# kx+ mbxbxll# data adi~txll# btm+, l diax mr lkdlmaxbkrgbcrl xbmcagaktrcrl)mig~aklbl xbmcagaktb dr~ maxb jitxxba a oi}t lktltrcat *}~xb bzbg~crî~ivl krî~iv v+ Gicdiva, l xbobxlkb ca ~axafxaob dlk jitxxb# dam b maprc+ Dbmlpllcb}b lkdlm# db a}bgbkba# ~xlk dbkrglxba dr~ krgbcb xbmcagaktrcrl l k}iltb db gbklrkba*dbm+,+

6+Amb}t Fjld b}tb mig~r} dlk txbl }bmlrkl+:+^xlkml~llcb'mjblb dlk jitxxl }ar dbmlpll acb Mrxll Brxi~bkb bztxa}b k amb}t Fjld }rkt

~xbmbdatb db rk }mrxt xalikagbkt ciflm maxb b}tb gbklt } ixlbktbpb mltltixrc ca i gal hrkkbcbfbxb a mltatbcix dlk tbztbcb jitxxlcix)dbmlpllcix Mrxll+


7/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 6 s

]BMLRKBA L+

]RFB]TLL ^XAMTLMB

*gbx}rc bzaglkxll# bta~bcb l ciflma db bzaglkaxb a rkbl)rkix ~xbtbkll k hapa Cbfll kx+ :6,

Bta~a ~xbclglkax11+A }b dl}tlkfb ktxb adgl}lhlcltatba rkbl mbxbxl# bzaglkaxba ~b oikd l a~xbmlbxba

}atl}oamlbl bmjltahlcb *mraktrgrcrl ~xb`rdlmllcix,+ k olkac# tiatb }~bbcb# maxb ar oi}t }bmik}ldbx adgl}lhlcb# ~axmrxf mbcb txbl bta~b db a~xbmlbxb *l, ldbktlolmaxba k }rh}tak aihlbmtrcrl ~xbtbkllcix# dr~ *ll, ldbktlolmaxba ~bxliadbl db xbobxlk# l *lll, a~xbmlbxbakbmb}ltlll dam b maprc a mraktrgrcrl }atl}oamllcix bmjltahlcb+

Adgl}lhlcltatba

18+k ~axtlmrcax k amb}tb tl~rxl db mbxbxl ~it ol dir obcrxl db adgl}lhlcltatb0 i mbxbxb vdltkboikdat *kr bzl}t i a~axbk db kmcmaxb a Mikvbklbl, l bvbktrac lkmig~atlhlc xatlikb

gatbxlab*Cbfba b}tb lka~clmahlc,+ k aghbcb }ltrall amlrkba mlvlc } xb}~lkfb+1=+Bzbg~cb0 k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll mbxbxl dbmcaxatb vdlt kboikdatb~bktxr i ~bxliad db

kbbzbmrtaxb k gbdlr ktxb < l 11 crkl Dbmlpll db lkadgl}lhlcltatb0 Cr~amr ^btxr# 1> crkl5Micb# 1> crkl5 Migakdaxl# 11 crkl5Kbdbcmiv# 11 crkl5 Trxmjlk# 11 crkl5 Fcavmbv# ? crkl5 Frxr#: crkl5 Mlihakr Glxmba# : crkl5 I}ilak# < crkl5 btm+ Bzbg~cb db ~ckfbxl vdlt kboikdatb kgatbxla drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix k `rxl}~xrdbka vbx}r} Gicdiva kr ar avrt cim+

14+A }b vbxlolma }tatrtrc db vlmtlg0 A }b cra k mik}ldbxalb m i bzbmrtaxb taxdlv*dam cagigbktrc db~rkbxll mbxbxll }ar k tlg~rc bzaglkxll amb}tbla jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m a oi}t ktxbtlg~ bzbmrtat, kr mikdrmb k gid artigat ca dbmcaxaxba mbxbxll dxb~t lkadgl}lhlc # ~k cagigbktrc k maxb vlicaxba kr a oi}t xbmrki}mrt mbc ~rlk k }rh}tak l vlmtlgbl kr l }'aamixdat i mig~bk}alb mixb}~rkptiaxb *^xidak# 4?'4


8/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s : s

kbktbgblatb# mik}bmrtlvltatba bdlkbcix# ~caklolmaxba rkbl ixdlkl a bdlkbcix mr ~arpbkdbcrkfatb5 btm+

m+Glpa *lktbxb}rc, ~bktxr xbmcagakt xbcbv lg~ixtaka }ar }mi~rc ~bktxr ~bx}iaka maxb~xbtlkdb vlicaxba dxb~trcrl }r ca rk tbxgbk kbxbpikahlc+

1:+Idat ldbktlolmat ~bxliad l a~xbmlat xbpikahlcltatba ~xlk ~xl}ga mbcix txbl mxltbxll#dbvlkb gal riax a~xbmlbxba mraktrgrcrl ~xb`rdlmllcix# gatbxlacb *k }~bmlac k }ltralabzl}tbkbl ~bkacltlcix dbiaxbmb ~bxliada va ol dbà ldbktlolmat,# gixacb l a mi}trxlcix lmjbctrlbclcix+

1+Mkd }b mik}tat i kbbzbmrtaxb miktlkr *atrkml mkd jitxxba xgkb kbbzbmrtat cagigbktrc bzaglkxll,# tbxgbkrcrl kbxbpikahlc }b va a~xbmla diax db ca data katbxll ihclfalbl dbbzbmrtaxb *dlb} a qri, l ~k ca plra adi~txll jitxxll mr ~xlvlxb ca i bvbktrac mik}tataxb avlicxll)kbvlicxll dxb~trcrl dbmcaxat db Axtlmicrc ? 1 dlk Mikvbklb5

81+Mkd }b mik}tat i bzbmrtaxb taxdlv }ar ktxplat *atrkml mkd jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m aoi}t bzbmrtat ca gigbktrc bzaglkxll, tbxgbkrcrl kbxbpikahlc }b va a~xbmla db ca data dlb} aqri l}b va tbxglka mr bzbmrtaxba bobmtlv *dlb} ad qrbxk,5

88+A }b lkb mikt db maxamtbxrc ihclfalbl db bzbmrtaxb l lg~ixtaka ~bktxr mxbdltixrcbzbmrtxll *glpa ~bktxr xbmcagakt,+ k gatbxla bzbmrtxlcix a ihclfallcix mr ~xlvlxb ca dxb~trxl}imlacb lkbxbktb ~bx}iakbl *db bz+ }acaxll5 ~bk}ll5 mig~bk}all }imlacb5 btm+, }ar rkbcb dxb~trxllkbxbktb rkrl txal dbmbkt *db bz+ amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb5 bvamraxba5 btm+, a~xbmlbxba

~xb`rdlmllcix gixacb va ol fjldat db rkbcb }takdaxdb gal xldlmatb+ Db a}bgbkba k gatbxla dbbzbmrtaxb a ihclfallcix mr maxamtbx ~xlvat kb~atxlgiklac *db bz+ dxb~trxl ~xlktbtl5 adi~lb5

trtbc5 btm+, a~xbmlbxba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac va ol db a}bgbkba }r~r} rkrl }takdaxd gal xldlmat *a}b vbdbaHixdblakr,58=+A }b ldbktlolma macltatba dbhltixrcrl bzbmrtxll# l akrgb dam dbhltixrc b}tb i artixltatb

db }tat }ar rk tbx ~xlvat *i ~bx}iak olplm }ar i bktltatb `rxldlm ~xlvat, *a }b vbdbaMii~bxatlva Afxlmic ]cihipla'Jakb}bl }ar Fxlmi *dbm+,,+ k xa~ixt mr amb}t mxltbxlr }b vaa~xbmla mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix ca ~ximbdrxlcb db bzbmrtaxb *lkoxa,5

84+]b va a~xbmla mig~ixtagbktrc artixltlcix k}xmlkatb mr ihclfala bzbmrtxll l)}ar a~xlcix *mxbdltixrcrl }ar a dbhltixrcrl bzbmrtxll, ca adi~taxba g}rxlcix db bzbmrtaxb }arg~lbdlmaxba bzbmrtxll *xborprxl kbktbgblatb l agkxl5 ~a}lvltatba5 cl~}a kdbcrkfat a xbamlblartixltlcix }ar agkxl kb`r}tlolmatb5 btm,+ Rtlclpaxba mr hrk mxbdlk db mtxb i ~axtb adxb~trxlcix }acb ~ximbdrxacb ca miktb}taxb# a~bc }ar actb ml db atam kr }b la k mik}ldbxalb l kr

~iatb ol lg~rtat amb}tbla ma ollkd i tbxflvbx}axb a ~ximbdrxlcix# dbmt dam rtlclpaxba dxb~trxlcixxb}~bmtlvb kr a bvicrat ktx'rk ahrp db dxb~t }ar macba db atam a oi}t bvldbkt cl~}lt db }rmmb}*î~iv# =8 }arKbkabva l acll *dbm+,,+

82+]b va a~xbmla atltrdlkba ~xlcix k ~ximb} l rtlclpaxba mr hrk mxbdlk)xba mxbdlk adxb~trxlcix }acb ~ximbdrxacb *hika oldb} l gaca oldb},+ Bzl}tbka rkbl gaca oldb} a dbhltixrcrldbtbxglk mxbtbxba mraktrgrcrl ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac# l gaca oldb} a mxbdltixrcrl bzbmrtxlldlglkrbap mraktrgrc ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac k gidrc mixb}~rkptix+ Dam bzl}t gaca oldb} acxbmcagaktrcrl maxb aobmtbap k }rh}tak ~ximbdrxa db bzbmrtaxb l oamb bzbmrtaxba lg~i}lhlc#atrkml amb}t crmxr rxgbap a ol a~xbmlat ~xlk ~xl}ga mikmb~trcrl db ahrp db dxb~t *grtatl}grtakdl}Ciplk}mjl l Xràvkla *dbm+,5 ]txbcliv l Ttxil *dbm+,,+ I }ltralb lkvbx} b}tb atrkmlmkd gaca oldb} }b atxlhrlb dbhltixrcrl bzbmrtxll l ~a}lvltll artixltlcix5 mraktrgrc

~xb`rdlmllcix gixacb va mxbtb mixb}~rkptix5


9/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s < s

k gatbxla drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix rdlmlaxb

8?+]b va dl}tlkfb ktxb ~ximbdrxlcb mlvlcb l ~bkacb+ ^ximbdrxlcb miktxavbklikacb mad }rhlkmldbka maxamtbxrcrl ~bkac ac ~ximbdrxlcix *Plclhbxhbxf5 Frr, l amb}tixa cl }b a~clm ambcbal

~xlkml~ll ~xbmrg ca bzaglkaxba drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb+ ^ximbdrxlcb k miktbkmli}adglkl}txatlv }b vix a~xbmla ma ollkd rkbcb mlvlcb# dam k olkac rxgxb}m rk lktbxb} ~atxlgiklac acxbmcagaktrcrl *Gbfadat+MIG ]XC,+ ^ximbdrxlcb dl}ml~clkaxb }b vix a~xbmla db a}bgbkba }rh

a}~bmtrc mlvlc dam amb}tba k ~xlkml~ac aobmtbap rk lktbxb} ~atxlgiklac ac xbmcagaktrcrl*Mxavmbkmi,+

k maprc ~ximbdrxlcix mlvlcb86+Dam }rkt ~ximbdrxl mlvlcb# atrkmldata dlb} a qri }b a~xbmlap ca plra adxb}xll mbxbxll db

mjbgaxb k `rdbmat+ ^ximbdrxlcb aktbxliaxb *k maprc ~ximbdrxlcix dl}ml~clkaxb l ambcix kmiktbkmli} adglkl}txatlv,# k oaa actix ixfakb }ar artixltl adglkl}txalbl ~rhclmb# dbmt ambcb

`rdlmlaxb# kr }b lar k mik}ldbxalb ca a~xbmlbxba tbxgbkrcrl kbxbpikahlc +8:+Data dlb} ad qrbxk k maprc ~ximbdrxlcix mlvlcb }b olkaclpbap mr adi~taxba rkbl jitxxl

`rdbmtixbtl a}r~xa oikdrcrl ~xbtbkllcix l maxb a dbvbklt dbolkltlv+ Cl~}a rkbl }icrll

`rdlmlaxb a}r~xa oikdrcrl ~xbtbkllcix kr g~lbdlm xbmcagaktrc } ~xbtlkd kmcmaxbadxb~trcrl ca bzaglkaxba ktx'rk tbxgbk xbpikahlc *Hihim# 82'86,+ Mr actb mrvlktb l~ximbdrxlcb ~bkdlktb }b lar k mik}ldbxalb+

8+k maprc ~ximbdrxlcix~bkacb mbc gal mig~clmat gigbkt b}tb ldbktlolmaxba a dir a}~bmtb lakrgb dam *l, ~ximbdrxlcb oam ~axtb dlk }obxa ~bkacrcrlk }bk}rc Axtlmicrcrl ? dlk Mikvbklb l*ll, dam da# atrkml mkd ~bx}iakbl maxb ~xbtlkdb vlicaxba dxb~trcrl }r ca drxata ~ximbdrxlcix l }'akalktat i amrpalb k gatbxlb~bkac+

=1+A }b cra k mik}ldbxalb m k gatbxla ~xbtlk}bcix vlicxl a drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb#vlmtlgbcb# ~bx}iakbcb maxb ar kalktat i }b}lpaxb# gaxtixll# actb ~bx}iakb ~axtlml~aktb k ~ximb} kaoax db amrpat *hkrlt# kvlkrlt# lkmrc~at, kr ~it ~xbtlkdb kmcmaxba dxb~trcrl ca drxatakbxbpikahlc a ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb+ Mr actb mrvlktb Axtlmicrc ? 1 }rh a}~bmtrc }r ~bkac~iatb ol lkvimat krgal db ~bx}iaka mxbla l }'a kalktat i amrpalb+ I bzmb~lb mik}tltrlb}ltrala mkd vlmtlga rkbl lkoxamlrkl~xbtlkdb drxata kbxbpikahlc a ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb k

cbftrx mr lg~i}lhlcltatba }icrlikxll a}~bmtrcrl mlvlc# l akrgb bzaglkaxba bzmb}lv db crkf aamlrkll }acb mlvlcb k madxrc ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb+ k amba}t }ltralb ~iatb ol a~xbmlat l drxata~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb dax kmb~kd mr gigbktrc kalktxll amlrkll mlvlcb l diax crkdr'}b kmik}ldbxalb mxltbxllcb a~clmahlcb ~ximbdrxlcix mlvlcb *gal }r} 86 bt }bq+,

=8+A~xbmlbxba dam ~ximbdrxlcb lktx k }obxa ~bkacrcrl k }bk}rc Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 dlkMikvbklb kr b}tb lkrt db mca}lolmaxba dat db cbfl}cala kalikac l mik}tltrlb rk mikmb~tartikig maxb }b a~xbmlap dr~ rkbcb mxltbxll db`a hlkb dbolkltb *aa'krgltb mxltbxllBkfbc,# lakrgb ' *1, kmadxaxba k dxb~trc lktbxk5 *8, katrxa lkoxamlrkll *dbclmtrcrl# miktxavbklbl# btm+,5 *=,fxavltatba ~bdb~}bl ~b maxb ~bx}iaka k marp xl}m } i ~xlgba}m+

==+Dlb} a qri k gatbxla ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb kmb~b caplra kalktxll amrpalbl ~bkacb# maxbkr ihclfatixlr milkmldbmr plra xbmrkiatbxll k macltatb db hkrlt# kvlkrlt }ar plra rkrl act amt

db ~ximbdrx ~xlk maxb ~bx}iakbl l }b xbmrkiatb iolmlac i act macltatb db amrpat+ Ca ldbktlolmaxbaplcbl db ca maxb kmb~ } mrxf faxakllcb rkrl ~ximb} bmjltahlc ~bktxr amrpat k }bk}rc Axtlmicrcrl? 1 kmb~b idat mr kitlolmaxba iolmlac# dlk ~axtba artixltll mig~btbktb# ~xlvlkd }r}~lmlrkba


10/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 1> s

xbobxltiaxb ca migltbxba rkbl oa~tb ~bkacb*ldbktlolmat ~itxlvlt mxltbxllcixBkfbc# =8 dba}r~xa,#dbolkllb maxb db~lkdb# db a}bgbkba# db bzl}tbka }ar ah}bka rkix xb~bxmr}lrkl }ar mik}bmlkblg~ixtaktb a}r~xa }ltralbl *}r}~bmtrcrl,+

=4+^xlk rxgaxb# k drxata ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb mr mbxtltrdlkb }b lkmcrd ~ximbdrxl db rxgxlxb~bkac# ~ximbdrxl kmb~kd dlk gigbktrc k maxb amrpatrc a oi}t lg~clmat k ~ximb}# lkdlobxbkt db

}tatrtrc amb}trla dam a avrt cim i kitlolmaxb iolmlac l dam amba}ta a avrt mik}bmlkb a}r~xa}ltralbl crl+ k amba}t ixdlkb db ldbl rkbixl i craxb db bz~clmall ca oapa ~xbacahlc db miktxic#~k ca kmb~bxba rxgxlxll ~bkacb# ~iatb }bxvl dxb~t ~rkmt db ~cbmaxb ~bktxr mrxfbxba faxaklblrkrl tbxgbk xbpikahlc+

=2+Dlb} ad qrbxk db ihlmbl kr b}tb fxbr db ldbktlolmat k gatbxla ~ximbdrxlcix ~bkacb l }btbxglk idat mr i jitxxb dbolkltlv ~xlk maxb }'a }icrlikat oikdrc amrpalbl+ _a lkmcrdb ixlmb

~ximbdrxl# lkmcr}lv l ambcb bztxaixdlkaxb# mal db atam rtlclpatb db ~axtba amrpxll# lkmcr}lv l ambcbk akrcaxb }ar xbvlprlxl# btm+

=?+]lglcax# mrg l k gatbxla ~ximbdrxlcix db bzbmrtaxb taxdlv l drxatbl kbxbpikahlcb a~ximbdrxlcix mlvlcb# k ~ximbdrxlcb ~bkacb ~bx}iaka ~iatb } ~xbtlkd vlicaxba dxb~trcrl }r cadrxata ~ximbdrxlcix mjlax dam amb}tba kr ar oi}t olkaclpatb mr i jitxxb dbolkltlv+

=6+Idat ldbktlolmat ~bxliada db xbobxlk }ar dlb} a qri atrkml mkd ~ximbdrxlcb }rkt km~bkdlktb# a~xbmlbxba xbpikahlcltll tlg~rcrl ~ximbdrxlcix }b oamb ~itxlvlt ambcixal mxltbxll *glpa~bktxr xbmcagakt5 mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix k ~ximb}# mig~cbzltatba marpbl# btm+, A }b cra kmik}ldbxalb m# }~xb dbi}bhlxb db ~ximbdrxlcb mlvlcb# k amba}t }ltralb# }~xb bzbg~cr glpa~bktxr xbmcagakt va mxbtb dlk gigbktrc k maxb amb}ta axb a~clmatb g}rxl ~xbvbktlvb~xlvatlvb db clhbxtatb }ar xb}txlmtlvb db clhbxtatb+ k fbkbxac glpa ~bktxr xbmcagakt k

~ximbdrxlcb ~bkacb ~xamtlm kr }b ~rkb k dl}mrlb klmlidat# dlk gigbktrc k maxb xbmcagaktrc~xlk dbolkllb xl}m i ~bdba~} ~bkac# xb}~bmtlv lg~ixtaka }icrlikxll ~xig~tb a mjb}tlrkll~bktxr bc b}tb ~xbprgat+

=:+Db a}bgbkba }rh a}~bmtrc mxltbxlrcrl mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix~xlk cl~}a ~xll amrpxll#mjlax l gitlvat ~xlk lg~clmaxba k actb ~ximb}b# va ol ~xlvlt gbxbr mr xbpbxvb l kr va mik}tltrl i}mrp dam amba}t cl~} a oi}t rka bzmb}lv+ Mbc gal mig~clmat ca a~xbmlbxb k amb}tb }~bb b}tbbvacraxba mjb}tlrkll mr ~xlvlxb ca mig~cbzltatba maprcrl maxb db ihlmbl }b b}tlgbap k xa~ixt mrmaxamtbxrc l fxavltatba amrpallcix# ma~btbcix db amrpall# vaciaxba l macltatba ~xihatixrcrlamrgrcat l kbmb}ax db a ol amrgrcat# bzl}tbka }ar cl~}a rkix bz~bxtlpb mig~cbzb# bzl}tbkamig~clmlcix l mi'amrpalcix# btm+

]atl}oamla bmjltahlc=+Ca a~xbmlbxba ~xb`rdlmllcix gatbxlacb }b va cra k macmrc ~bxliada xbac db kbbzbmrtaxb*ktxb dlb} a qri l dlb} ad qrbxk, l macmrcrc }rgbcix mr tltcr db ~xb`rdlmlrc gatbxlac }b vadl}tlkfb k dir ma~btb ~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac xbac*db ihlmbl vaciaxba ihlbmtrcrl kbbzbmrtxll, l

~bkacltl *dihkda db ktxplbxb,macmrcatb ~xlk ~xl}ga ~xbvbdbxlcix Midrcrl mlvlc *Axtlmicrc ?1


11/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 11 s

vlicaxb a dxb~trcrl ca drxata xbpikahlc a ~ximbdrxlcix l ~lbxdbxl gatbxlacb datixlt lg~i}lhlcltlldb a }b oici}l db dxb~trxl ~bmrklaxb }ar db a }b hrmrxa db oxrmtbcb amb}tixa *Mxavmbkmi5 Hihim#

btm+,+ k maprc kmcmxll drxatbl xbpikahlcb a bzbmrtxll# atrkml mkd bzl}t i jitxxb`rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv mik}ldbxat rk hrk k }bk}rc Axtlmicrcrl 1 dlk ^xitimicrc kx+ 1 caMikvbklb# dam jitxxlxba ~iatb ol bvacrat dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb ~atxlgiklac# ~xb`rdlmlr mr tltcr

gatbxlac ~iatb ol bvicrat l bc+ k maprc drxatbl kbxbpikahlcb a ~ximbdrxlcix amb}t a}~bmt bvldbktkr ~iatb ol bvacrat dlk gigbktrc k maxb i jitxxlxb `rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv kr bzl}t l }mi~rcamb}tix ~ximbdrxl b}tb db a ihlkb i a}bgbkba jitxxll ktx'rk tlg~ rtlc+

48+k }~bb ~bkacb# ~xb`rdlmlrc gatbxlac ~xbtlk} kr va avba klml i cbftrx db marpacltatb mrkmcmaxba tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc# l ~bx}iakbcb ~it ~xbtlkdb diax mig~bk}all mr tltcr gixac l

~bktxr mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl+ A~xbmlbxba amb}tixa }b oamb ca obc dr~ ~xlkml~llcb db gal ì}+

^xb`rdlmlr gixac

4=+A~xbmlbxba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac }b oamb k xa~ixt mr mxltbxllcb db gal }r} *glpa ~bktxrxbmcagakt# mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix# hrk)xbara mxbdlk5 drxata kbbzbmrtxll# btm+,+ ]b laihclfatixlr k mik}ldbxalb ~xlkml~lrc fbkbxac ac bmjltll l }rga kr txbhrlb } olb vdlt

dl}~xi~ixlikat mr }rgbcb amixdatb db Mrxtba Brxi~bak k }~bbcb }lglcaxb *lkoxa bzbg~cb dlk~xamtlma Mrxll Brxi~bkb k marpbcb vbx}r} Gicdiva,+ ]axmlka ~xihxll ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac kr~iatb ol ~r} ~b }baga xbmcagaktrcrll }b a~xbmlap lkdlvldrac ~bktxr olbmaxb map# crkdr'}b kmik}ldbxalb axfrgbktbcb aghbcix ~xl k ~ximb} l bzcrpkdr'}b ~xbtbkll bzmb}lvb l vdltbzafbxatb+

44+Bzbg~cb0 db ihlmbl k gatbxla db kbbzbmrtaxb }ar bzbmrtaxb taxdlv# macmrcbcb ~xb`rdlmlrcrlgixac }b oam ~itxlvlt aklcix *crklcix, db kbbzbmrtaxb mr craxba k mik}ldbxalb a glpbl ~bktxrxbmcagakt+ îtxlvlt `rxl}~xrdbkbl Mrxll Brxi~bkb vbx}r} Gicdiva amb}tb ar oi}t macmrcatb ktxb1>>> BRXI *k gbdlr ~bktxr 4 akl db kbbzbmrtaxb, l =>>> BRXI *~bktxr k gbdlr db 11 akl dbkbbzbmrtaxb,+ Mbc gal gaxb ~xb`rdlmlr k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll a oi}t amixdat k }~ba Grjlk#?2>> BRXI# ~bktxr 11 akl db kbbzbmrtaxb a rkbl jitxxl db amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb

artixltlcb cimacb+ k gatbxla drxatbl kbxbpikahlcb a ~ximbdrxlcix `rdlmlaxb }rgbcb amixdatb mrtltcr db ~xb`rdlmlr gixac vaxlap ktxb 1>>> BRXI l 82>> BRXI# ~bktxr 2 }ar 1> akl+ Mba galglm }rg }'a amixdat kDb}bxvlxb ]XC# ?>> BRXI# ~bktxr ? akl l mba gal gaxb k Mxavmbkmi#=>>> BRXI# ~bktxr 1> akl db bzaglkaxb a rkrl cltlflr db grkm+

42+Atrkml mkd i kbbzbmrtaxb bvicrbap ktx'i act vlicaxb a Mikvbklbl *Hixdbakr5 Hl}bxlmaAdbvxat Ixtidiza dlk Gicdiva l acll, ~xb`rdlmll gixacb }b xldlm ca ixdlkrc db pbml db gll dbBRXI+

Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl4?+A~xbmlbxba mi}trxlcix l mjbctrlbcl `rdlmlaxbrxgbap a }b mikdrmb dr~ dir ~xlkml~ll db

hap0 *l, mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl rxgbap a ol k gidrc mixb}~rkptix ~xihatb# db ihlmbl ~xlk

dimrgbktb db ~cat }ar ~xlk ~xbpbktaxba db}mloxxll ~b ixb a crmxrcrl avimatrcrl l taxloba~clmahlcb# dam b maprc# l *ll, mjbctrlbclcb txbhrlb } olb xbpikahlcb ma mraktrg *k }~bmlac kgatbxla db taxlob ~bxmb~rtb ~bktxr ikixaxllcb avimalcix, l kbmb}axb~bktxr ~ximbdrxl k }~b *kr}b mig~bk}bap# db bz+# crmxrc avimatrcrl maxb kr axb takfbk dlxbmt ca ~ximb},+

46+Bzbg~cb0 Marpbcb mr ~xlvlxb ca kbbzbmrtaxb l kmcmaxba ~xbvbdbxlcix Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 l aAxtlmicrcrl 1 dlk ^xitimicrc kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb kr ~xbplkt i dlolmrctatb dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb acakaclpbl k dxb~tl lg~clm diax i akaclp vicrglkia} k oa~t+ Mr actb mrvlktb kr ~rtbg vixhldb}~xb rk crmxr lktbcbmtrac l akacltlm bkixg k amb}tb matbfixll db }~bb+ ^xlk rxgaxb l }rgbcbamixdatb mr tltcr db mig~bk}axb a mi}trxlcix l mjbctrlbclcix }rkt db}trc db xbdr}b+ Marpbcb xbcatlvgal mig~cbzb maxb ar lg~r} i bzaglkaxb l a actix a}~bmtb# dbmt }lg~ca kbbzbmrtaxb ar ~bxgl}Mrxll } iobxb mig~bk}all ~bktxr mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl ~rlk gal gaxl *Hl}bxlma Adbvxat

Ixtidiza dlk Gicdiva l acll# 8>>> BRXI,+ k gbdlr}b amixd db ca =>> ~k ca :>> BRXI+Maprxl bzmb~likacb mik}tltrlb di}axb mig~clmatb *î~iv *1,# 1>>> BRXI# ^xb~bcla# 18>>


12/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 18 s

BRXI5, }ar mr rk krgx grcl db xbmcagakl *]xhr l acll# 18>> BRXI5 Cr~amb}mr l acll#12>> BRXI,

4:+k ~axtlmrcax k }~bbcb vbx}r} Gicdiva maxb ar ~xlvlt ~xihcbga drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix mr tltcrdb mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl }'a amixdatk gbdlr> brxi# l mbagal gaxb }rg a oi}t db 12>> brxiktx'i marp ~rlk gal mig~cbz dbmt db ihlmbl+ A}tobc k Hihim~xbtbkll mr amb}t tltcr ar oi}txb}~lk}b5 Fr}iv}mjl kr }'a kalktat ~xbtbkll mr amb}t tltcr5 Gapb~a ' 1>>#>> Brxi5 Gatbl lTrtrkaxr ' 22?#>> Brxi5 ^akpaxl ' 642#>> Brxi5 Db}bxvlxb ]+X+C+ ' 1>>>#>> Brxi5 Imrcl}t l

Lga'1>>>#>> Brxi5 l Mxavmbkmi'12>>#>> Brxi+


13/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 1= s

]BMLRKBA LL+

^XLKML^LL'MJBLB ACB @RXL]^XRDBKBL MRXLL BRXI^BKB _+GICDI_A

*BZTXA]B,

MJB]TLRKL MR ^XL_LXB CA LKADGL]LHLCLTATB

Xbfrca mbcix ? crkl *~xb}mxl~la dxb~trcrl ca amlrkb,

Xbvlprlxba b}tb rk amt lk}taktakbr mig~axatlv mr kbbzbmrtaxba maxb b}tb rk amt miktlkrr

4+Frvbxkrc a ~xbpbktat dimrgbktb mb mikolxg m jitxxlcb `rdbmtixbtl dbolkltlvb~xikrkatb k oaviaxba xbmcagaklcix ar oi}t bzbmrtatb lktbfxac+ Mrxtba gbklikbap db cakmb~rt m xbmcagakll }'ar ~ck} diax a}r~xa rkrl }lkfrx a}~bmt l akrgb ~xbmrg m jitxxlcb

`rdbmtixbtl dbolkltlvb ~xikrkatb k oaviaxba cixkr ar oi}t bzbmrtatb+ Dkll kr }'ar ~ck} mr~xlvlxb ca cl~}a mig~bk}albl ~bktxr bzbmrtaxba taxdlv+ Mrxtba k ~xbpbkta marp kr mik}ldbxkbmb}ax# } }b ~xikrkb dam mbxbxlcb }rkt ahrplvb# dbiaxbmb b}tb bvldbkt oa~trc m til xbmcagakllar igl} } xb}~bmtb tbxgbkrc db ? crkl ~xbvprt db axt+ =2 1 dlk Mikvbklb * rglc l acll*dbm+,,

]tatrtrc db vlmtlgBzbmrtaxba rkbl jitxxl ktxb tlg~ kr bclhbxbap xbmcagaktrc db }tatrtrc db vlmtlg damvlicaxba kr a oi}t xbmrki}mrt k }rh}tak

21+Mrxtba xbltbxbap m lkb k ~xlgrc xkd db artixltlcb kalikacb } xb~axb ixlmb ~xbtlk}vlicaxb a Mikvbklbl+ k crglka amb}tbl ihclfall miktlkrb db a xb~axa vlicxlcb# mjb}tlrkba damxbmcagaktrc ~iatb }ar kr ~xbtlkdb m b}tb vlmtlg a rkbl ~xbtlk}b vlicxl b}tb xbcbvakt ca tiatbbta~bcb ~ximbdrxlcix lkllatb mikoixg Mikvbklbl *B+ m+ Ar}txlbl,+ Mrxtba kitbap k miktlkraxbm i dbmlplb }ar i g}rx oavixahlc xbmcagaktrcrl kr b}tb k ~xlkml~lr }rolmlbkt ~bktxr a'ccl~}l db }tatrtrc }r db vlmtlg# dbmt dam artixltlcb kalikacb ar xbmrki}mrt# bz~xb}}ar k }rh}tak# vlicaxba l ar iobxlt i xbdxb}axb ~bktxr vlicaxba Mikvbklbl *a }b vbdba# mabzbg~cr#Agrrx v+Oxakbl =?# lDachak m+ Xigklbl# 44#,+ Xbvbklkd ca oa~tbcb amb}tblmarpb# k mikoixgltatb mr lkoixgala ~xbpbktat db Frvbxk l mikolxgat db xbmcagakt#artixltlcb ar ~ctlt xbmcagaktrcrl hakll acimal ~xlk jitxxba dlk + Titrl# ~cata# maxb a oi}tbobmtrat diax dr~ mb amba}t mbxbxb a oi}t migrklmat Frvbxkrcrl# kr a oi}t rxgat dbklml i xbmrkiatbxb a ~xbtlk}bcix vlicxl+ Gal grct# Mrxtba ih}bxv m# k mbba mb ~xlvbtbbvamraxba cimataxlcix dlk a~axtagbktb # jitxxba dlk kr a oi}t bzbmrtat ~k ca # lax kmbba mb ~xlvbtb a~axtagbktrc kx+ # ba km kr bxa bzbmrtat ca data adi~txll amb}tbl jitxxl+ k amb}tbmlxmrg}takb# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m xbmcagaktrc ~iatb ~xbtlkdb m b}tb vlmtlg a rkblvlicxl a Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl l a Axtlmicrcrl 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb*^xidak# 4?'4


14/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 14 s

`rdbmtixbtl ar xb}~lk} ixlmb a}tobc db mig~bk}axb+ Mig~bk}allcb amixdatb ~bktxr bobmtrclkocalbl a}r~xa vacixll ~xlgbl }rgb amixdatb ar xb~xbpbktat diax i xb~axaxb ~axlac a~xb`rdlmlrcrl gatbxlac# lax ~bktxr ~xb`rdlmlrc gixac marpat xbmcagaktrcrl kr l }'a amixdat

klglm+ k amb}tb mlxmrg}takb# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m xbmcagaktrc kr l'a ~lbxdrt }tatrtrc }r dbvlmtlg a rkbl kmcmxl a dxb~trxlcix }acb faxaktatb db Mikvbklb+ *Mclikiv# 84,+

Kbb~rlpaxba xbgbdllcix

Miktb}taxba lkamlrklcix bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m kr va mik}tltrl i macb bolmlbkt dbxbgbdlbxb a kbbzbmrtxll

2=+rk xbmrx} g~itxlva xborprcrl bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m db a amlika kr ax ol }bxvltlktbxb}rcrl xbmcagaktrcrl db a ihlkb bzbmrtaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl k oaviaxba }a+ Gal grct#mjlax dam ~xb}r~rkbg m xbmcagaktrc ax ol db~r} xbmrx} g~itxlva amtbcix bzbmrtixrcrl

`rdbmtixb}m l ax ol ihlkrt i jitxxb maxb } mikolxgb m kbbzbmrtaxba a oi}t lcbfac mikoixgdxb~trcrl kalikac# i a}tobc db amlrkb kr ax ol ihlkrt klglm kir# }lkfrxa mik}bmlk ollkdbclhbxaxba rkrl act tltcr bzbmrtixlr maxb ax ~bxgltb bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m } miktlkrb

bzbmrtaxba jitxxll dlk + ^xlk rxgaxb# Mrxtba mikmjldb m i a}tobc db amlrkb ax ol oi}tlkbobmtlv l m mbxbxba kr ~iatb ol xb}~lk} ~bktxr kbb~rlpaxba mll db xbmrx} *@a}lrklbkb m+Cltraklbl *dbm+,, *^i~iv# =8,+

Atrkml mkd rk tltcr ~xlvbtb i ihclfalb db bzbmrtaxb dlk ~axtba rkrl ~xlvat# k miktxa}tmr i artixltatb }ar i ktxb~xlkdbxb db }tat# xbmcagaktrc b}tb ihclfat } b~rlpbpb xbgbdllcb

24+Mrxtba ih}bxv m cltlflrc xbmcagaklcix mr mig~akla }'a }oxlt mr jitxxlcb dbolkltlvb acb@rdbmtixlbl }bmtixrcrl Hitaklma ca 1? imtighxlb 1>8 ma rxgaxb a ~ximbdrxlcix db

xbvlprlxb+ Avkd k vbdbxb `rxl}~xrdbka }a mr ~xlvlxb ca amba}t mjb}tlrkb *a }b vbdba# ~xlktxbactbcb# Tlgiob|bv m+ Xr}lbl# =6, l oa~trc m ~bxliada db kbbzbmrtaxb a drxat diax a~xizlgatlvpbmb crkl# Mrxtba kr ~iatb mik}ldbxa amba}t ~bxliad dxb~t bzmb}lv db kdbcrkfat+ Gal grct#xbmcagaktrc kr a lkdlmat vxbrk oamtix maxb ax ~rtba ol mik}ldbxat ma mbxkd i dlclfbk}~bmlac l i bzbmrtaxb gal xa~ld+ ^xlk rxgaxb# Mrxtba mik}tat m amba}t ~xbtbklb kr xbcbvvxbi a~axbk db kmcmaxb a dxb~trxlcix l clhbxtlcix faxaktatb db Axtlmicrc ? ac Mikvbklbl lAxtlmicrc 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb *a }b vbdba# ~xlktxb actbcb# I}ilak *dbm+,# kx+=141=)>=# 8: obhxraxlb 8>>?, ^xlk rxgaxb# amba}t ~axtb a mbxbxll rxgbap a ol xb}~lk}# ma ollkdvdlt kboikdat# k tbgblrc Axtlmicrcrl =2 = l 4 ac Mikvbklbl *_amaxbkmr# 1?,+

Cl~}a dlclfbkbl dlk ~axtba xbmcagaktrcrl ~cr} i ~bxliad xbcatlv }mrxt db kbbzbmrtaxb l

maxamtbxrc xbcatlv kb}bgklolmatlv ac marpbl2?+Mrxtba ih}bxv m xbmcagaktrc kr a lkdlmat mkd tltcrc bzbmrtixlr a oi}t txak}gl}bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m# amb}t crmxr ollkd rk ~a} ~xbclglkax kbmb}ax bzbmrtxll rkbl


15/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 12 s

jitxxl `rdbmtixbtl+ Rctbxlix# jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m k marp a mik}tltrlt }rhlbmtrc rkrlxbmrx} k akrcaxb db~r} db mtxb ^ximrxixrc Fbkbxac ca 8= lrclb 8>>8# xbmrx} maxb a oi}t adgl}dir crkl gal txplr# ca 82 }b~tbghxlb 8>>8+ ^xlk rxgaxb# mjlax dam jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m ax oloi}t bzbmrtat dr~ kalktaxba db mtxb ^ximrxixrc Fbkbxac a xbmrx}rcrl k akrcaxb# ~bxliada ~b~axmrx}rc mxbla ba a xga} kbbzbmrtat a oi}t# ki~lkla Mrxll# xbcatlv }mrxt+ Gal grct#kbbzl}tkd oamtixl k amba}t marp maxb ax ~rtba ol mik}ldbxal m mbx i dlclfbk dbi}bhlt li bzbmrtaxb gal xa~ld# Mrxtba mik}tat m amb}tb ~ckfbxl kr xbcbv klml i a~axbk a rkblkmcmxl a dxb~trxlcix l clhbxtlcix faxaktatb db Axtlmicrc ? l axtlmicrc 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 *a}b vbdba# }~xb bzbg~cr# Fxl}jmjbkei m+ Xr}lbl *dbm+,, *Cr~amr ^btxr *dbm+,,+

k akrgltb mlxmrg}takb ]tatrc kr ~iatb bobmtlv } ktxb~xlkd akrgltb amlrkl k vbdbxbabzbmrtxll rkbl jitxxl

26+Mr ~xlvlxb ca kbbzbmrtaxb dr~ = gal 8>>># atrkml mkd a~axtagbktrc a oi}t vkdrt rkrl tbx#artixltlcb }tatrcrl kr ar ~rtrt bobmtlv } a}lfrxb bzbmrtaxba jitxxll dlk >? a~xlclb 18# xbmcagaktrc a kmjblat rk miktxamt ~bktxr txak}obxrc datixlbl db ca dbhltixrc }rlkllac mtxb rk tbx+ k ah}bka ixlmxrl migbktaxlr dlk ~axtba xbmcagaktrcrl k mbba mb ~xlvbtbih}bxvallcb Frvbxkrcrl ~xbmrg m ax ol bzl}tat divbpl mr ~xlvlxb ca ixlmaxb kmbxmaxb db a micbmtadatixllcb db ca tbxrc xb}~bmtlv# Mrxtba rxgbap } a}rgb oa~trc m i a}tobc db kmbxmaxb kr a avrtcim+ ^xlk rxgaxb# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m ollkd divbdlt igl}lrkba xbmcagaktrcrl db a micbmtadatixllcb l maxb b}tb lg~rtahlc xbmcagaktrcrl k}rl ~xi~xlr l ~xlk rxgaxb i a}tobc db amlrkb krb}tb lg~rtahlc }tatrcrl *îàxkla'Gbd*dbm,,+

Ahrp db dxb~t

2>>'Z5 î~iv *kx+ 1,# 4:# ,+ Lkoixgala lkmig~cbt l maxb#~xlk rxgaxb# lkdrmb k bxiaxb# ~iatb# db a}bgbkba# } xb~xbplktb rk ahrp db dxb~trc db a}b}lpa Mrxtba# k }~bmlac# dam lkoixgala xb}~bmtlv }b xbobx ca b}bka marpbl l kr b}tbiobxlt i bz~clmalb }rolmlbkt ~bktxr igl}lrkba db a dbpvcrl amba}t lkoixgalb *Jadxahiva m+ Mbjlbl *dbm+,,+ k mlxmrg}takbcb amb}tbl marpb# xbmcagakll# maxb ar oi}t

xb~xbpbktal db rk `rxl}t k ~ximbdrxlcb k oaa Mrx ll# kr ar ~xbpbktat vxbi bz~clmalb~carplhlc ~bktxr igl}lrkba db a lkoixga Mrxtba db}~xb oa~trc m ar lkllat ~ximbdrxl~bktxr mig~bk}axba }rgbcix amixdatb ~xlk jitxxba dlk < imtighxlb 8>>8 l ar igl} }lkoixgbpb Mrxtba m# k arfr}t 8>>6# cb'ar oi}t dbà ~ctltb mig~bk}all ~bktxr bzbmrtaxba

ktxplat a amb}tbl jitxxl+ Crkd k mik}ldbxalb lg~ixtaka amb}tbl lkoixgall ~bktxrbzaglkaxba adbmvat a marpbl# Mrxtba mik}tat m mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaklcix a oi}t miktxax}mi~rcrl dxb~trcrl db a }b}lpa Mrxtba mr i mbxbxb lkdlvldrac# faxaktat db Axtlmicrc =4 acMikvbklbl *Ciplk}mjl l Xràvkla *dbm+,,


16/42


17/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 16 s

Cl~}a oikdrxlcix }ar}rx}bcix olkakmlaxb kr mik}tltrlb i }mrp ~bktxr kbbzbmrtaxb?2+I artixltatb db }tat kr ~iatb } lkvimb cl~}a oikdrxlcix l a }~alrcrl cimatlv actbxkatlv ma

}mrp ~bktxr kbbzbmrtaxba rkbl jitxxl+ Olxbtb# i ktxplbxb k bzbmrtaxba rkbl jitxxl ax~rtba ol `r}tlolmat db mlxmrg}takb }~bmlacb+ Daxktxplbxba kr ~iatb ol a}tobc# kmt }~xb`rdlmlbpb b}bka dxb~trcrl ~xitbàt mikoixg Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl *Lggihlclaxb]aool m+ Ltaclbl# 645 ^xidak# 2=,

]tatrc kr ~iatb lg~rkb mxbdltixrcrl bzbmrtxll }axmlkl db ixdlk olkakmlax ~bktxr a 'la}lfrxa bzbmrtaxba

??+Bzl}tbka rkbl jitxxl lxbvimahlcb l bzbmrtixll ~xikrkat k oaviaxba xbmcagaklcixdbgik}txbap oa~trc m cltlflrc cix bxa gbxltixlr+ k mik}bmlk# lg~rkbxba ihclfalbl db a ~ctlmjbctrlbclcb ~bktxr a a}lfrxa bzbmrtaxba jitxxll mik}tltrlb i xb}txlmlb db katrx ~rxolkakmlax l# ~xlk rxgaxb# mbxb i vbxlolmaxb dbi}bhlt db xlfrxia} ~xlk ~xl}ga lktbxb}bcix

`r}tllbl *îdhlbc}el akd ^^R îc~rxb m+ îciklbl# ?2,+ Mrxtba xbltbxbap m bzbmrtaxbaihclfalbl db a a}lfrxa bobmtlv dxb~trxlcb faxaktatb db axtlmicrc ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl kr k}bagk~rx l }lg~cr ahlkbxba db ca lkfbxlk# ml ~iatb mbxb }tatrcrl craxba dlobxltix oixgb db amlrkl

~ipltlvb *Exbrp m+ îciklbl# 2> l# ~xlk

rxgaxb# Lk}taka kr ~iatb mikmjldbm# ktxb 1># ]tatrckr l'a ikixat ihclfallcb db a ktxb~xlkdb g}rxl ~bktxr bzbmrtaxba jitxxll *L}txatb# 41,+

Xbmrkiatbxba vlicxll kr kctrx ihclfala db mig~bk}axb a ~xb`rdlmllcix gatbxlacb6>+k crglka mlxmrg}takbcix ~xbpbktbl marpb# Mrxtba kr b}tb mikvlk} m db}~frhlxba iobxlt

db Frvbxk va kctrxa kmcmaxba l va amixda db}~frhlxl ~bktxr ~xb`rdlmlrc marpat# ktx'rk

aa gid# kmt } }b xb}tahlcba}m# k g}rxa ~i}lhlcltlcix# }ltrala bzl}tbkt kalktbakmcmxll+ k }~bmlac# Mrxtba mik}tat m# xbmrki}mkd m a bzl}tat i kmcmaxb a Axtlmicbcix ? 1l 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb# Frvbxkrc a ~xi~r} diax db}~frhlxl ~bktxrmig~bk}axba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac l mr tltcr db mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl + k mbba mb ~xlvbtbbzbmrtaxba jitxxll dlk 8>>1# Frvbxkrc kr a ~xi~r} klml i }icrlb xbpikahlc+ ^xlk rxgaxb#Mrxtba mik}ldbx# m xb}~bmtaxba dxb~trxlcix igrcrl# a}tobc mrg }rkt dbolkltb k Mikvbklb l~xitimiacbcb }acb lg~rkb Mrxtba } miktlkrb bzaglkaxba marpbl *âkiv# 1


18/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 1: s

xb}~ik}ahlc db bzbmrtaxb a lk}l}tat miktlkrr a}r~xa bzbmrtxll jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl# k ~iolda~xbtlk}bl lg~i}lhlcltl db a kxbfl}txa Hl}bxlma xbmcagakt ~b gitlv db kb~xbpbktaxb adimrgbktbcix kbmb}axb+Xbmcagakll ar ~xbtlk} m bzbmrtaxba ktxplat a jitxxll `rdbmtixbtlk oaviaxba cix dlk a kmcmat dxb~trxlcb cix faxaktatb db Axtlmicrc ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl+ lkkdmikt db mik}tataxba vlicxll Axtlmicrcrl >1 mik}tltrlb i kmcmaxb aAxtlmicrcrl ? 1 l Axtlmicrcrl 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb *Dbmbv# 8?,+

Kilrkl ~xlkml~acb

tbxgbk xbpikahlc

A~xbmlbxba tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc

64+Mrxtba txbhrlb } bzaglkbpb dam drxata ~ximbdrxlcix db bzbmrtaxb# k maxb xbmcagaktrc aoi}t ~axtb# a db~lt mikdlla tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc faxaktat db Axtlmicrc ? 1 *grtatl}grtakdl}jitxxlcb Dl ^bdb m+ Ltaclbl l Pa~~la m+ Ltaclbl 8>'84 l# xb}~bmtlv# 1?'8>,+ kamb}t }bk}# Mrxtba xbaglktbtb m xbpikahlcltatba drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix txbhrlb bvacrat k crglkamlxmrg}takbcix marpbl# mr xbobxlxb ca mxltbxllcb }tahlcltb k `rxl}~xrdbka }a# k }~bmlac#*l, mig~cbzltatba marpbl# *ll, mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaktrcrl l *lll, ac artixltlcix maxbbzaglkbap marpa *Eixgamjbva m+ Xr}lbl# 215 @i}ak# 1:,+

62+^bktxr a ~rtba bzaglka bzlfbka xb}~bmtxll tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc k gatbxla bzbmrtxll#

Mrxtba la k mik}ldbxalb mig~cbzltatba ~ximbdrxll# mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix# ~xbmrg lihlbmtrc dbmlplbl maxb rxgbap a ol bzbmrtat *Xa|c|ak m+ Xr}lbl# =1# Kixga ]XC# 82,+

dlb} a qri

Bz~bdlbxba tltcrcrl bzbmrtixlr mtxb Db~axtagbktrc db bzbmrtaxb6?+~bxliada *k+a+ db a~xbmlbxb a tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc, maxb rxgbap a ol crat k

mik}ldbxalb va kmb~b# ~itxlvlt cbfl}calbl Xb~rhclmll Gicdiva# ca data ca maxb xbmcagaktrc a

}iclmltat iolmlac bzbmrtaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl ~xikrkatb k oaviaxba }a+ Dbiaxbmbxbmcagaktrc kr a ~xbpbktat i a}tobc db lkoixgalb# Mrxtba va mik}ldbxa m amba}t dat b}tb #mkd tltcrc bzbmrtixlr a oi}t bz~bdlat Db~axtagbktrcrl db Bzbmrtaxb*@i}ak# 1


19/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 1< s

dlb} ad qrbxk

Data akrcxll# ma}xll }ar xbvlprlxll jitxxll dbolkltlvb66+]oxltrc ~bxliadbl *k+a+ db a~xbmlbxb a tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc, rxgbap a ol mik}ldbxat #

mkd jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m ~xikrkat k oaviaxba xbmcagaktrcrl a oi}t ma}at db Mrxtba

]r~xbg db @r}tllb+ ^xlk rxgaxb# ~ximbdrxlcb db bzbmrtaxb ar drxat ~atxr crkl l pbmb plcb *@i}ak# 1,5 amba}t mbxlk b}tb mik}icldat }r~clgbktax kxlcb k maxb dxb~trc lktbxk ~xbvbdb m tiatb marpbcb db amb}t fbk txbhrlb }icrlikatb mr i

~xig~tltrdlkb dbi}bhlt *Hixfb}b m+ Ltaclbl# 1:,+ Amba}ta b}tb gal mr }bag xbcbvakt atrkmlmkd i jitxxb `rdbmtixba}m a oi}t db`a adi~tat l artixltlcb txbhrlb diax } i bzbmrtb+

Mrxtba kitbap m dlolmrctlcb }~bmlolmb ca maxb ~bx}iaka b}tb }r~r} mkd b}tb ~xlvat k gidkb`r}tlolmat db }acaxlr# mjlax ~bktxr i ~bxliad }mrxt db tlg~# ar oi}t cratb k mik}ldbxalb dbmtxb cbfl}catixrc kalikac k Axtlmicrc 82? ac Midrcrl db ~ximbdrx mlvlc # maxb oamb majitxxlcb `rdbmtixbtl ~xlvlkd xblktbfxaxba k }bxvlmlr l ~cata rkbl ~xl a }acaxlrcrl } dbvlkbzbmrtixll lgbdlat *Rkfrxbakr# 8?5Hrcava# ==,

A}~bmtb ~ximb}racb

Bzbmrtaxba dr~ migrklmaxba maprcrl Frvbxkrcrl kr ah}icv db x}~rkdbxb6+xbmcagaktrc kr }b ~ckfb db amtbcb bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m# ml db xborprc artixltlcix

cimacb db a kdb~clkl lkdlmallcb lk}takbl l acb bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m+ Gal grct# Mrxtbakitbap m bzbmrtixrc `rdbmtixb}m a avrt rk xic oiaxtb amtlv k kmbxmxlcb db a mikvlkfbMik}lclrc grklml~ac } bzbmrtb jitxxba+ ^xlk rxgaxb# rk xbmrx} g~itxlva xborprcrlbzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m db a amlika kr ax ol }bxvlt lktbxb}rcrl xbmcagaktrcrl db a ihlkbbzbmrtaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl k oaviaxba }a+ Gal grct# mjlax dam }'ax ~xb}r~rkb ~xbmrg mxbmcagaktrc ax ol db~r} i miktb}talb g~itxlva amtbcix bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m l ax ol ihlkrt ijitxxb maxb } mikolxgb m kbbzbmrtaxba a oi}t lcbfac ~itxlvlt dxb~trcrl kalikac# i a}tobc dbamlrkb kr ax ol ihlkrt klglm kir# }lkfrxa mik}bmlk ollkd bclhbxaxba rkrl act tltcrbzbmrtixlrmaxb ax ~bxgltb bzbmrtixrcrl `rdbmtixb}m } miktlkrb bzbmrtaxba jitxxll dlk + ^xlkrxgaxb# Mrxtba mikmjldb m i a}tobc db amlrkb ax ol oi}t lkbobmtlv *@a}lrklbkb v+ Cltraklbl5^i~iv# =8,+

Xbmacmrcxl }r~clgbktaxb a }rgbcix dbhltiaxb:1+Mrxtba ih}bxv m ~xlcb ar i~lkll dlobxltb ~xlvltix ca oa~trc dam }ar mkd akrgb jitxxba

dlk 8>>1 a oi}t bzbmrtat ~b db~clk+ Mrxtba ih}bxv m# k mikoixgltatb mr amba}t jitxxb#Glkl}tbxrc Aoambxlcix Lktbxkb a oi}t ihclfat } xbmacmrcbpb ~bk}la xbmcagaktrcrl# kmb~kd db ca11 ax ol oi}t bzbmrtat ~b db~clk# dr~ mrg a

}r}lkrt Frvbxkrc# xbmcagaktrc ax ol ihlkrt ktxbafa }rg datixat ~bktxr ~bxliadakmb~kd mr 14#


20/42


21/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 81 s

marp+Dbl# k crglka ~ximbdrxll maxb a dr} ca ma}axba bl# katrxa lxbvimahlc a jitxxll ~iatbtxbpl rkbcb drhll# jitxxba a xga} bzbmrtixlb ~k k lrklb 8>>8# ma l i jitxxb lxbvimahlc*L}txatl# 8>: adbvbklt dbolkltlv ca 8>>: l a oi}t bzbmrtat ca 8>>


22/42


23/42


24/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 84 s

Mxltbxll db a~xbmlbxb a xbpikahlcltll1>>+xbpikahlcltatba drxatbl~ximbdrxlcix txbhrlb bvacrat k crglka mlxmrg}takbcix marpbl#

lkkd mikt db mxltbxllcb }tahlcltb k `rxl}~xrdbka }a# k }~bmlac# mig~cbzltatba marpbl#mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaktrcrl l ac artixltlcix xbcbvaktb l lg~ixtaka marpbl ~bktxrxbmcagakt *Gapb~a# 48#Jicigliv# 1=6 mr xbobxlkb,+

^ximbdrxl ~bkacb

A~xbmlbxba kmb~rtrcrl ~bxliadbl

kmb~rtrc *dlb} a qri,1>1+k ~ximb}b ~bkacb# tbxgbkrc xbpikahlc }tl~rcatb db Axtlmicrc ? 1 k gid kbmb}ax

kmb~b ca plra mkd i ~bx}iak a oi}t amrpat *a }b vbdba jitxxba Kbrgbl}tbx# 1:,+ Dbml#tbxgbkrc xbpikahlc ~iatb k akrgltb marpb } kmba~ a mrxfb db ca i dat aktbxlix }b}lpxllrkbl lk}takb db oikd# }ar a rkrl txlhrkac mig~btbkt } }b ~xikrkb a}r~xa amrpallcix~bkacb *a }b vbdba jitxxba Ficdbx# =8,+ Jitxxlcb Vbgjioo l Kbrgbl}tbx l dr~ amba}ta

Xlkfbl}bk ar crat dxb~t data dbml}lv atrkml mkd ~bx}iak a oi}t axb}tat)xblkrt# gigbktrc mkdi ~bx}iak a oi}t iolmlac lkoixgat m ax ~rtba ol rxgxlt ~bkac l gigbktrc mkd lkvb}tlfall~xbclglkaxb ar kmb~rt *Dbbbx m+ Hbcflbl# 48,+

Mig~cbzltatba

Dbl i marp ~bkac ~iatb ol mig~cbz# amba}ta kr ~iatb tbg~bxa lkamtlvltatbalk}takbcix

1>8+k mbba mb ~xlvbtb mig~cbzltatba marpbl# Mrxtba kitbap m ~ximbdrxlcb k marp }'arxbobxlt ca gal grctb oa~tb db oxard l i amrpalb db mig~clmltatb k daxb db glt# maxb ar kbmb}ltatardlbxba vlmtlgbcix l a gaxtixlcix+ Gal grct# k ~ximbdrxl gal bxa rk mi'lkmrc~at# maxb a oi}tamrpat g~xbrk mr xbmcagaktrc db mig~clmltatb k daxb db glt+ Titrl# Mrxtba ih}bxv m# ~b~axmrx}rc `rdbmxll marpbl# ktxb 8= gal 8>>8 l 11 lakraxlb 8>>? *dat ca maxb Frvbxkrc atxlgl} Mrxll i mi~lb a di}axrcrl ~bkac,# ar oi}t ardlatb diax ~atxr ~bx}iakb+ Db a}bgbkba#txbhrlb kitat oa~trc m# Mrxtba ]r~xbg db @r}tllb l Mik}lclrc ]r~bxlix ac Gafl}txatrxll ar}iclmltat lk}takbl db `rdbmat } fxhba}m bzaglkaxba marpbl *Jicigliv# 1=:,

Mig~ixtagbktrc ~xlcix

Dbl ca ~xlga vbdbxb rk mig~ixtagbkt lkadbmvat ac xbmcagaktrcrl txbpbtb kdilbcl#titrl b}tb kbmb}ax } olb crat k mik}ldbxalb mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaktrcrl ~b ktxbafadrxat a ~ximb}rcrl

1>=+Mbxbxlcb xbmcagaktrcrl ar oi}t mik}ldbxatb db dir ixl db mtxb lk}taka db `rdbmat mag~lbdlmkd bzaglkaxba marpbl }acb+ Titrl# kr bzl}t klml rk lkdlmlr m# k tlg~rc mbcixcactb~bxliadb acb ~ximb}rcrl# mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaktrcrl ax ~rtba ol mik}ldbxat ktx'rk obcih}txrmtlv k mikmcrplb# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m# dbl xbmcagaktrc ~iatb ol mik}ldbxat xb}~ik}ahlc~bktxr ~bxliadbcb }bgklolmatlvb db ktxplbxb ~b ~axmrx}rc ~xlgbl ~xl a ~ximbdrxlcix *~kca 8= lrklb 8>>=,# mig~ixtagbktrc }r db dr~ amba dat }b ~axb m kr a miktxlhrlt}rh}taklac ca drxata ~ximbdrxlcix *Jicigliv# 14>'144,+

Rk xbmcagakt amrpat kr b}tb ihclfat } mii~bxbpb l kr ~iatb ol mxltlmat~bktxr rtlclpaxba~i}lhlcltlcix cbfltlgb db a }b a~xa

1>4+Mrxtba xbaglktbtb m Axtlmicrc ? kr mbxb ma i ~bx}iak amrpat db i lkoxamlrkb }mii~bxbpb amtlv mr artixltlcb `rdlmlaxb *a }b vbdba# db bzbg~cr# Dihhbxtlk m+ Oxakbl# 4=, lm rk xbmcagakt kr ~iatb ol mxltlmat ~bktxr m a oici}lt ~b db~clk ~i}lhlcltlcb iobxltb dbcbfl}cala kalikac ~bktxr a~xaxba lktbxb}bcix }acb *a }b vbdba# grtatl} grtakdl}# \am l]axfk m+ Trxmlbl# ??, *Jicigliv# 14=,+


25/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 82 s

Mikoclmtb db mig~btbk# kb~xbpbkta ~ximrxixrcrl }ar a `rdbmtixrcrl l ~xifxagaxbakbmixb}~rkptiaxb a bdlkbcix

1>2+k amb}t }bk}# Mrxtba kitbap m tlg~ db a~xia~b mlkml crkl# ktxb lrklb l kilbghxlb 8>>=#dlk marpa rkrl mikoclmt db mig~btbk ktxb Txlhrkacrc Mjllkr l @rdbmtixla Mbktxr# kr aavrt cim klml i bdlk `rdbmtixba}m+ Dr~ }icrlikaxba amb}trl mikoclmt# bdlkbcb `rdbmtixbtlar oi}t agkatb db grctb ixl dlk marpa ah}bkbl `rdbmtixrcrl }ar a ~ximrxixrcrl+ Gal grct#bdlkbcb `rdbmtixbtl bxar db}bixl ~xifxagatb ca lktbxvacb crkfl db tlg~ *Jicigliv# 142,+

B}mjlvaxba db ca rxgxlxb ~bkac l mrtaxba xbmcagaktrcrl1>?+~xlk b}mjlvaxba }a xbmcagaktrc db a}bgbkba a miktxlhrlt ca drxata ~ximbdrxlcix l amb}t

a}~bmt b}tb lg~rtahlc mikdrltbl xbmcagaktrcrl *_a|l m+ Trxmlbl# 4?,+

Lg~ixtaka ~bktxr xbmcagakt

Axb}trc# }taxba db }ktatb a amrpatrcrl lg~rk i dlclfbk }~ixlt ca bzaglkaxba ~xig~ta maprcrl

1>6+Mrxtba ih}bxv m ~b tit ~axmrx}rc ~ximbdrxlcix# xbmcagaktrc maxb# ox kdilac# avba~xihcbgb db }ktatb# a oi}t lkrt k axb}t ox a}l}tbk gbdlmac mixb}~rkptiaxb # oa~t maxbmbxba i dlclfbk }~bmlac dlk ~axtba lk}takbcix db `rdbmat maxb bzaglkbap marpa ca

ko~trlxba mr ~xig~tltrdlkb a amtrcrl db `r}tllb *Jicigliv# 14?,+

^ximbdrxl mlvlcb

A~xbmlbxba tbxgbkrcrl *kmb~rtrc l olkacltatba, ~ximbdrxlcix mlvlcb

k maprc ~ximbdrxlcix rklmb1>:+Mrxtba kitbap m ~ximbdrxlcb xbcbvaktb ar oi}t lkllatb ca 8< gal 8>>> *dlb} a qri,l }'ar

olkaclpat mr ~xikrkaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl lxbvimahlcb a Mrxll ]r~xbgb db @r}tllb dlk =>gaxtlb 8>>2 *dlb} ad qrbxk,+ ^xlk rxgaxb# ~bxliada xbcbvakt b}tb db ~atxr akl l pbmb crkl*Fr}iv}mjll# =8,+

Ca macmrcrc drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix }b la k mik}ldbxalb data xatlolmxll Mikvbklbl1>


26/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 8? s

xbcbvaktb maxb } mikolxgb amba}t dbclgltaxb ^xlk rxgaxb# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m tiatb mbcb ~atxr}btrxl db ~ximbdrxl }b xbobx ca ambbal mjb}tlrkb *Hihim# 82'86,

^bxliadbcb ktxb data dbvbklxll jitxxll dbolkltlv l xbvlprlxb k}ilt mr xbdb}mjldbxb kr}b lkmcrd k macmrcrc tbxgbkrcrl

118+Mrxtba mik}tat m jitxxba dbolkltlv dlk 1> }b~tbghxlb 1># atrkml mkd Mrxtba ]r~xbg db @r}tllb a akrcat jitxxbadbolkltlv l a dl}~r} xb`rdbmaxba marpbl+ ^xlk rxgaxb# amba}t ~bxliad db a~xizlgatlval}~xbpbmb crkl kr va ol lkmcr} k drxata titac a ~ximb}rcrl *Gatbl l Trtrkaxr# 26,+

Mig~cbzltatba marpbl

Mig~cbzltatba marpbl mik}tltrlb mxltbxlr ~xlg db bzaglkaxb

11=+Mrxtba mik}ldbx m amba}t marp kr a oi}t dbi}bhlt db dlolmlc# dbiaxbmb lk}takbcb`rdbmtixbtl kr ar avrt kbvilb } xbmrxf ca mikmcrpllcb bz~bxlcix# } ardlbpb grcl gaxtixl }ar

} ktxb~xlkd actb amtlvltl maxb kbmb}lt tlg~+ Dbiaxbmb drxata ~ximbdrxlcix kr ~iatb olbz~clmat ~xlk mig~cbzltatba mjb}tlrklcix lg~clmatb# Mrxtba va bzaglka marpa ~xlk ~xl}gamig~ixtagbktrcrl xbmcagaklcix l ac artixltlcix kalikacb *Fr}iv}mjll# ==,+

Mig~cbzltatba marpbl kr ~iatb ol gitlvat ~xlk kbmb}ltatba bz~clmxll gidrcrl dbbzbmrtaxb l lg~bxobmlrkba madxrcrl cbfac kixgatlv

114+Mrxtba kr mik}ldbx m amba}t marp a oi}t dlolmlc dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb oamticiflm }ar`rxldlm+ Db oa~t# dr~ jitxxba lxbvimahlc a Mrxll ]r~xbgb db @r}tllb dlk arfr}t 1


27/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 86 s

`rdbmtixbtl kalikacb# ba mik}ldbx m# dbiaxbmb xbgltbxba marpbcix }~xb xbbzaglkaxb b}tbdb ihlmbl dl}~r} ma rxgaxb a bxixlcix migl}b db mtxb lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtl lkobxliaxb#xb~btaxba rkix a}tobc db ~ximbdbb k madxrc rkrl }bt db ~ximbdrxl dbpvcrlb i dbolmlbk}bxlia} k }l}tbgrc `rdlmlax *Vlbxml}pb}ea m+ ^iciklbl# 4?l ^avc|rc|kbt} m+ Rmxalkbl# 21,*Fr}iv}mjll# 41,+

Agkxlcb }iclmltatb db mtxb xbmcagakt# dam kr ar miktxlhrlt b}bklac ca drxata~ximbdrxlcix# kr ~it `r}tlolma tbxflvbx}axba amb}tixa

11:+Mrxtba b}tb db amixd m agkaxba ~ximbdrxlcix }iclmltat db mtxb xbmcagakt b}tb xbcbvakt+Frvbxkrc a ~xbpbktat mi~ll a txbl a}tobc db }iclmltxl l klmli kmjblbxb ~xlvlkd agkaxba

~ximbdrxlcix k hapa amb}tixa+ Mjlax dam ~xb}r~rkbg m a}tobc db agkxl ar oi}t dl}~r}b#amb}tba xb~xbplkt i~axtb kbk}bgkat dlk ktxbafa ~bxliad l# gal grct# amb}tba ~ax a ol

ktbgblatb# hapkdr'}b ~b mbxtlolmatb gbdlmacb+ Mrxtba mikmjldb m xbmcagaktrc kr a miktxlhrltk g}rx }bgklolmatlv ca tbxflvbx}axba ~ximbdrxlcix*Mxavmbkmi# 2=,+

Tbxflvbx}axba kr~iatb ol `r}tlolmat ~xlk rtlclpaxba mr hrk mxbdlk dlk ~axtba ~xlcix adxb~trxlcix }acb ca miktb}taxb

11,+

Agkxl }iclmltatb db xbmcagakt rxgaxb a bzbxmltxll mr i hrk'mxbdlk a dxb~trxlcix}acb ~ximbdrxacb kr ~it `r}tlolma drxata bzmb}lv a ~ximbdrxlcix

188+Dlk gatbxlacbcb ~xbpbktatb db ~xl Mrxtba mik}tat m mig~akla xbmcagakt b}tbxb}~ik}ahlc ~bktxr tbxflvbx}axba mr drxata a~xizlgatlv db pbmb crkl# mbcb gal grctbagkxl }'ar datixat kbmb}ltll ihlkbxll divbplcix }r~clgbktaxb# db atb~taxb a mikmcrpllcix


28/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 8: s

bz~bxlcix# }ar miktb}taxba k miktbkmli} adglkl}txatlv a ~xihbcix adr}b db mbacact ~axtb k oixgdb amtb adglkl}txatlvb+ Amb}tb amlrkl xb~xbplkt rk bzbxmllr db hrk'mxbdlk a dxb~trxlcix~ximbdrxacb dlk ~axtba mig~aklbl xbmcagaktrcrl *Db}bxvlxb ]XC# 41,+

Cl~}a ~xll i~ikbktb ca bdlkb db `rdbmat l }iclmltaxba xbmcagaktrcrl db a bzaglka

marpa k ~xbpbka aghbcix ~xl kr mik}tltrlb db a}bgbkba i `r}tlolmaxb a tbxflvbx}xll~ximbdrxlcix18=+Mrxtba ih}bxv# db a}bgbkba axfrgbktrc Frvbxkrcrl ~xbmrg m mig~akla xbmcagakt a

mik}ldbxat lg~i}lhlc bzaglkaxba maprcrl k ah}bka *~xtrcrl,# a}tobc agkxlcb xbprctatbdb a}bgbkba ~it ol ~r}b ~b }baga mig~aklbl xbmcagaktb+ Mr tiatb amb}tba# Mrxtba mik}ldbx k~xlgrc xkd db mig~btbka lk}takbcix kalikacb db a dbmldb dam rxgbap ixl kr } olbagkat `rdbmaxba marpbl# l lk}takbcb ~it oamb amb}t crmxr# lkdlobxbkt db ~iplla ixlmxbl~xl ~axtlml~aktb ca ~ximbdrxl+k ambcal tlg~# }iclmltkd lk}takbl } ~ximbdbpb ca bzaglkaxbamarpbl k cl~}a ~xtrcrl mig~akla xbmcagakt xl}m } vad marpa }a xbtxlgl} ca xbbzaglkaxb#dbiaxbmb bzaglkaxba marpbl k cl~}a ~xlcix mik}tltrlb rk tbgbl oixgac ~bktxr xbbzaglkaxb+ kolkac# mig~akla xbmcagakt kr ~iatb ol mik}ldbxat }atl}omrt ixl lkdlobxbkt oa db

drxata ~ximbdrxlcix dlk gigbktrc k maxb amba}ta a oixgrcat i ~ckfbxb mixb}~rkptiaxbk amb}t }bk} *Db}bxvlxb ]XC# 48,+

Lk}takbcb kr txbhrlb } adglt ~bxliadb db lkamtlvltatb lkbz~clmahlcb184+Mrxtba mik}tat m# k ~xbpbkta marp# ar bzl}tat ~bxliadb oiaxtb crkfl db lkamtlvltatb

lkbz~clmahlc a lk}takbcix `rdbmtixbtl *Gatbl l Trtrkaxr# ?4,

Glpa ~bktxr xbmcagakt

Lg~ixtaka }icrlikxll cltlflrcrl k tbxgbkl ~xizlgl }b a~xbmlap k olbmaxb map lkdlvldrac182+ k olkac# Mrxtba kitbap m ~ximbdrxlcb }'ar xbobxlt ca dxb~trc xbmcagaklcix db a xbmikbmta

ma}a cix ca mikdrmta db fap# ~bktxr a'l ~rtba kmcpl ma}a+ Drxata ~ximbdrxlcix a oi}t db i

a}bgbkba katrx kmt xbmcagakll ar txbhrlt } atb~tb mlkml lbxkl ~bktxr a ihlkb i jitxxb`rdbmtixba}m lxbvimahlc+ Amb}t oa~t a ~r} k ~bxlmic k gid lkbvltahlc }ktatbaxbmcagaklcix+ Db a}bgbkba# Mrxtba la k mik}ldbxalb oa~trc m rkrc dlk xbmcagakl# maxb cimrlak ma}# bxa lkvacld db fxadrc dil *Fr}iv}mjll# 4=,+18?+^ximbdrxlcb vlpar citrc db tbxbk aobxbkt ma}bl xbmcagaktrcrl+ Lg~i}lhlcltatba db a }b

oici}l kb}tlkfjbxlt db tit amb}t tbxbk txbhrla } ol aobmtat dxb~trc crl db ~xi~xlbtatb l#a}tobc# a avrt i akrglt lg~ixtak ~bktxr bc l oaglcla }a+ Amb}t crmxr mbxba ma amba}tmarp } olb bzaglkat ~xig~t *Hihim# =?,+

Akrgltb maprxl ~xbplkt i lg~ixtak ~xlk katrxa }a l ~xbvbdbxlcb cbfl}calbl kalikacb kamb}t }bk} }rkt xbcbvaktb

186+k olkac# Mrxtba kitbap m ~ximbdrxlcb }'ar xbobxlt ca i mjb}tlrkb bztxbg db lg~ixtakt~bktxr xbmcagakt# l akrgb akfaàxba amb}trla+ Cbfl}catixrc a mikolxgat lg~ixtakadbi}bhlt a rkix a}tobc db ~ximbdrxl ~bktxr akfaàl ~xlk oa~trc m a ~xbvprt bz~xb} kcbfl}calb bzaglkaxba rxfbk l ~xlixltax a cltlfllcix db grkm l bzbmrtaxba lgbdlat ajitxxlcix `rdbmtixbtl ~xlvlkd xblktbfxaxba k }bxvlmlr a akfaàlcix *~axafxaobcb =8=4db gal }r},+ Mrxtba mik}ldbx m lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtl kalikacb kr ar gaklob}tat dlclfbkadbi}bhlt maxb cl }b mbxba att db cbfl}cala kalikac# mt l db axtlmicrc ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl*Frplmea m+ îcikla# # => Ixbc m+ ]civamlbl# 2:, *Mxavmbkmi# 26,+

ktxplbxlcb marpatb ~xlk kmbxmaxba db a xbbzaglka marpa}ar miktb}taxba kb`r}tlolmat aoixbl db xb} `rdlmata

18:+Mrxtba kitbap m tiatb mbcb txbl amlrkl bzaglkatb db mtxb lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtlkalikacb }'ar xbobxlt# k b}bk# ca gidrc k maxb a oi}t xb~axtlpat tbxbkrc ~xlk dbmlplaartixltlcix cimacb dlk 8? obhxraxlb 1


29/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 8< s

kmbxmat } akrcbpb amba dbmlplb k 1= l 8>>4# ar oi}t bobmtratb db mtxb lk}tltrll db }tat l m# dr~ mrg }b ~axb#lk}taka db `rdbmat kr a ktxb~xlk} klmli g}rx ~bktxr a a}lfrxa ~xbpbktaxba ca tlg~ axa~iaxtbcix *Gapb~a# 4?,+

Ixlmb ktxplbxb rxgbap a ol `r}tlolmat l bz~clmat1=>+Mrxtba kitbap m ar bzl}tat ktxplbxl k bzaglkaxba marpbl maxb kr ar oi}t

bz~clmatb+*Gapb~a# 46,

Drxata ~ximbdrxlcix l xbvlprlxl

Mig~cbzltatba marpbl }madb idat marpa b}tb xbvlprlt l txlgl} ca xb`rdbmaxb1=1+Mrxtba ca obc ammbktrbap m marpa dbà a oi}t i dat }icrlikat ~xlktx'i jitxxb

`rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv dlk 8= gaxtlb 12,+ Mig~akla xbmcagakt a db~r} i ~ckfbxba oa dbMrxtb mr ~xlvlxb ca amb}t a}~bmt ~b}tb tbxgbkrc db a}b crkl db plcb ~xbvprt db Axtlmicrc =2 dlkMikvbklb+ Ixlmrg# xgkb adbvxat m rxgaxb a xbvlprlxll rkbl jitxxl `rdbmtixbtl dbolkltlvb#artixltlcb `rdlmlaxb rxgar } olb grct gal ~xrdbktb ktxr a}lfrxaxba rkbl }icrlikxl~xig~tb a marpbl xbdb}mjl}b+ Mrxtba ~xbprg m dlk gigbktrc k maxb i jitxxb

`rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv a oi}t adi~tat k marp a}~bmtbcb db oa~t l db dxb~t ar oi}t dbàbzjar}tlv }icrlikatb+ ^k mkd oa~tb kil l lg~ixtaktb kr ar oi}t db}mi~bxltb ~bktxr amik}tltrl tbgbl ~bktxr xbbzaglkaxb# lk}takbcb kr ar avrt } bzaglkbpb a}~bmtb dlolmlcb kmadxrc ~ximbdrxlcix xbdb}mjl}b+ Ixlmrg# k ~xbpbkta marp# k mba gal gaxb ~axtb tbxflvbx}axbaa avrt cim dr~ ma}axba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl dbolkltlvb *Db}bxvlxb ]XC# 46,+

^ximbdrxlcb dr~ i xbvlprlxb k}ilt db i xb`rdbmaxb }b }r~rk mbxlkbcix drxatblxbpikahlcb

1=8+Mrxtba kitbap m ~ximbdrxlcb k amba}t marp }'ar }oxlt k gal # k} jitxxba`rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv kr a oi}t bzbmrtat ~k ca ma}axbaamb}tbla k a~xlclb + Dbiaxbmb~bxliada db kbbzbmrtaxb a oi}t dbà crat k mik}ldbxalb ca bzaglkaxba ~xbtbkllcix db gal }r}

oixgrcatb k tbgblrc axtlmicrcrl ? ac Mikvbklbl l axtlmicrcrl 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb#Mrxtba va bzaglka ~bxliada maxb a rxgat dr~ ma}axba dlk l# ~k k ~xbpbkt# lkkd


30/42


31/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =1 s

A^CLMAHLCLTATBA AXTLMICRCRL 1 DLK ^XITIMICRC KX+1 CA MIK_BKLB

1=4+Axtlmicrc ? 1 ac Mikvbklbl# k ~axtba xbcbvakt# ~xbvbdbIxlmb ~bx}iak olplm }ar `rxldlm axb dxb~trc ca xb}~bmtaxba hrkrxlcix }acb+ Klgbkl kr ~iatb ol cl~}lt db

~xi~xlbtatba }a dbmt ~bktxr i marp db rtlcltatb ~rhclm l k mikdlllcb ~xbvprtb db cbfb l db ~xlkml~llcbfbkbxacb acb dxb~trcrl lktbxkalikac+

Dl}~iplllcb ~xbmbdbktb kr adrm atlkfbxb dxb~trcrl }tatbcix db a adi~ta cbflcb ~b maxb cb mik}ldbx kbmb}axb~bktxr a xbfcbgbkta oici}lka hrkrxlcix mikoixg lktbxb}rcrl fbkbxac }ar ~bktxr a a}lfrxa ~cata lg~ipltbcixixl a actix miktxlhrll# }ar a agbkplcix

Mik}ldbxalrkl fbkbxacb

I jitxxb `rdbmtixba}m ~iatb mik}tltrl rk hrk1=2+i ~xbtbklb ~iatb mik}tltrl rk hrk k }bk}rc Axtlmicrcrl 1 ac ^xitimicrcrl kx+ 1 ca

Mikvbklb# dam amba}ta b}tb }rolmlbkt db mbxt ~bktxr a ol bzbmrtixlb *]txak Fxbbe Xbolkbxlb}akd ]txatl} Akdxbadl} m+ Fxbmlbl# 2,

^XB@RDLMLR)]ATL]OAMLA BMJLTAHLC

Mik}ldbxalrkl fbkbxacb

Xb}tltrtli lk lktbfxrg

1=


32/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =8 s

k gatbxla dxb~trxlcix igrcrl i xbmrkiatbxb iolmlac l ~rhclm a vlicxll mik}tltrlbrkbixl ~xlk }lkb i }atl}oamlb

14>+Mrxtba mik}ldbx m mik}tataxba rkbl vlicxl mik}tltrlb k }lkb i }atl}oamlb bmjltahlc}rolmlbkt ~bktxr ixlmb ~xb`rdlmlr gixac bvbktrac }robxlt db xbmcagakt *Agljacamjliab# 44 }arTlg~rc db Dlglkba *dbm+,,

Igl}lrkba fbkbxac db a ~xbpbkta ~xbtbkll mr tltcr db }atl}oamlb bmjltahlc }arktxplbxba ~xbpbktxll amb}tixa mikdrmb ca xb}~lkfbxba cix k titacltatb

141+Xbmcagaktrc kr a ~xbpbktat klml i ~xbtbklb db }atl}oamlb bmjltahlc+ k mik}bmlk#Mrxtba mik}tat m kr bzl}t klmlrk gitlv ~bktxr a amixda vxbi }rga mr amb}t tltcr*Gl}txbakr# 48,+148+Mrxtba ih}bxv m ~xbtbkllcb xbmcagaktbl mr ~xlvlxb ca }atl}oamlb bmjltahlc ar oi}t

xbmb~likatb dr~ bz~lxaxba tbxgbkrcrl clglt }tahlclt k tbgblrc Xbfrcll ?> dlkXbfrcagbktrc Mrxll l klml i bz~clmalb mr ~xlvlxb ca kbxb}~bmtaxba amb}trl tbxgbk kr a oi}tiobxlt+ Mrxtba mik}tat# a}tobc# m xbmcagaktbl kr rxgbap }'l amixdb maxbva }rgb k tbgblrcAxtlmicrcrl 41 dlk Mikvbklb *Gimakr# 84,+

Gatbxlac

B}tb kbmb}ax db a }b mik}tatat i cbftrx db marpacltatb ktxb kmcmaxba mik}tatat l~xbtbkll gatbxlacb

14=+ xbmcagaktrc a kmbxmat } dbgik}txbpb oa~trc m jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m dbolkltlv~xikrkat k oaviaxba }a kr a oi}t bzbmrtat lktbfxac+ Titrl# Mrxtba xbaglktbtb m a mik}tatatvlicaxba axtlmicrcrl ? ac Mikvbklbl diax k ~xlvlka drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix db bzaglkaxb a~xbtbklbl }acb# dax kr l k ~xlvlka kbbzbmrtxll rkbl jitxxl `rdbmtixbtl dbolkltlvb+Lk}takbcb `rdbmtixbtl kalikacb ar mik}tatat k mbcb dlk rxg m jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m a oi}tbzbmrtat k akrc 1


33/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s == s

Kbbzbmrtaxba lg~rkb mig~bk}axba vacixll jitxxll kbbzbmrtatb l a ~lbxdbxlcix14?+k crglka mik}tatxlcix }acb# ~itxlvlt mxixa artixltlcb kr ar ktxb~xlk} g}rxl kbmb}axb

~bktxr a a}lfrxa bzbmrtaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl ~xikrkatb k oaviaxba xbmcagaktbl# ~xbmrg la oa~trcrl m jitxxba kr a oi}t bzbmrtat k ktxbflgb klml ~k k ~xbpbkt# Mrxtba mik}tat mxbmcagakta gal b}tb k dxb~t } xbmr~bxbpb datixla bzl}tbkt k hapa jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl

kalikacb*,+Db a}bgbkba# Mrxtba mik}ldbx m xbmcagaktrcrl txbhrla }'l ol oi}t marpat rk~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac ma xbprctat ac kbbzbmrtxll jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl dlk + Crkd kmik}ldbxalb gbtidicifla oici}lt k jitxxba ^xidak# gbklikat gal }r}# 6=# l cbfl}calakalikac ~xlvlkd macmrcaxba dihkpll db ktxplbxb *,# Mrxtba amixd xbmcagaktbl # mbba mbxb~xbplkt vbkltrc xatat ma xbprctat ac kbbzbmrtxll k ktxbflgb db mtxb artixltl ajitxxll`rdbmtixbtl ~xikrkatb k oaviaxba }a *Glpbxkala# 86# 8: ,+

I bvbktrac db~ipltaxb a }rgbcix kbbzbmrtatb ktx'i hakm migbxmlac kr ~iatb mik}tltrltbgbl ~bktxr mig~bk}axba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gatbxlac

146+Mrxtba kr ~iatb } ammb~tb ~iplla xbmcagaktrcrl *m bc ax ol lkvb}tlt hakll ktx'i hakmmigbxmlac ca i xat kact a dihkpll, xbobxltiaxb ca bvacraxba ~lbxdbxlcix }robxltb ma xbprctat ac

kbbzbmrtxll jitxxll dlk # ~xbtbkla maxb i mik}ldbx gal dbfxah rka }~bmrcatlv *^xidak#6=,+

Ca a~xbmlbxba xatbl dihkpll b}tb ~xbobxahlc a~clmaxba xatbl Hkmll Kalikacb a Gicdivbl14:+lkkd mikt db ~iplla oxaflc a hkmlcix migbxmlacb dlk Xb~rhclma Gicdiva# Mrxtba

mik}ldbx gal xbacl}t db a oici}l ma ~rkmt db xbobxlk xata gbdlb a dihkpll lkdlmat db HakmaKalikac a Gicdivbl ~bktxr amba ~bxliad *^xidak# 6=5 ghac# =1,

I bzbmrtaxb taxdlv kr ah}icv db ihclfala db amixdaxb a ~bkacltlcix14+dlk marpa dlolmrctll k f}lxba cimrlkbl actbxkatlvb ~bktxr rka dlk oaglcllcb maxb cimrlar

k ma} l maxbavba kbvilb db mikdlll }~bmlacb# Frvbxkrc }'a iobxlt } ~ctba}m xbmcagaktrcrlvaciaxba hkba}m a ma}bl+ Mrxtba mik}ldbx m i a}bgbkba }icrlb ~iatb# k ~xlkml~lr#mik}tltrl i hap ammb~tahlc ~bktxr }icrlikaxba amb}tbl mbxbxl# avkd# db a}bgbkba# kvbdbxb oa~trc m k}rl xbmcagaktrc a ~xi~r} amba}t }icrlb+ Mrxtba k} kitbap m bzl}t rkdbpamixd }bgklolmatlv ktxb ~xl k mbba mb ~xlvbtb vaciaxba db ~la a ma}bl amixdatbxbmcagaktrcrl+ *^xb~bcla# 88# 8=,+

Bz~bxtlpbcb MKB@121+Mrxtba mik}ldbx m drhllcb xbmcagaktrcrl ~xlvlkd lkdb~bkdbka MKB@ *Mbktxrc kalikac db

bz~bxtlpb `rdlmlaxb, kr }rkt ox orkdagbkt# avkd k vbdbxb m mbktxrc db bz~bxl }b }r~rkbGlkl}tbxrcrl @r}tllbl l m }tatrc b}tb ~axtb k amb}tb ~ximbdrxl+ Gal grct# xb}~lkfkdaxfrgbktbcb xbmcagaktrcrl ~xlvlkd vbkltrc xatat dlk kbkmjlxlbxba ma}bl# Frvbxkrc kr a ~r} cakdilac vbxldlmltatba lkoixgalbl ~xbpbktatb db mtxb afbkla lgihlclax ~xlvlkd vaciaxba db ~laa lgihlcrcrl k + Oa~trc m MKB@ kr a lkmcr} k macmrcbcb }acb vaciaxba citrcrl db tbxbkaobxbkt ma}bl }~xl`lk i~lkla Mrxll m xbmcagaktrcrl kr l }'ar iobxlt mig~bk}all }rolmlbktb+*^xb~bcla# 8=,+

^xb`rdlmlrc gatbxlac kr ~iatb ol mig~bk}at dam jitxxba `rdbmtixba}m kbbzbmrtat

kr }tl~rcbap tltcr db ~xi~xlbtatb ml diax mjlxlb128+Xbmcagakta a ~xbtlk} mr tltcr db ~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac# }r}lkkd m amb}ta bxa ~xbrc rkrla~axtagbkt mr dir magbxb k Mjllkr# ca gigbktrc adxb}xll mbxbxll }acb+ Frvbxkrc a miktb}tat


34/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =4 s

~xbtbkla xbmcagaktbl l a }r}lkrt m# k mikoixgltatb mr jitxxba dlk 86 kilbghxlb 8>>1#~xlgxla bxa ihclfat diax } dba k mjlxlb xbmcagaktbl rk act }~alr cimatlv# dax kr } l 'ctxak}glt mr tltcr db ~xi~xlbtatb+ k ~cr}# xbmcagakta kr a ~xbpbktat vxbi divad ~xlvlkd~xb`rdlmlrc gatbxlac }r~ixtat k xbprctatrc kbbzbmrtxll jitxxll dbolkltlvb+ Mrxtba b}tb dbamixd mr i~lkla Frvbxkrcrl m k mikoixgltatb mr jitxxba dbolkltlv dlk 86 kilbghxlb 8>>1#

~xlgxla a oi}t ihclfat } dba k mjlxlb xbmcagaktbl rk }~alr cimatlv db actbxkatlv+ ^xlkrxgaxb# mbxbxba xbmcagaktbl db a l }b amjlta bmjlvacbktrc rkrl a~axtagbkt mr dir magbxbkr axb rk tbgbl cbfac l rxgbap a ol xb}~lk} *^akiv# 86'8:,+

Kr b}tb k }axmlka Mrxll ml a Frvbxkrcrl db a}lfrxa bzbmrtaxba jitxxllMrxll Brxi~bkb12=+Mrxtba kr vbdb klml rk gitlv } }b kdila}m db oa~trc m Frvbxkrc va ~rkb ma~t kmcmxll

mik}tatatb gal }r}+ k amba}t ~xlvlk# Mrxtba aglktbtb m k tbgblrc axtlmicrcrl 4? acMikvbklbl kactbcb ^xl Miktxamtaktb }'ar akfa`at } }b mikoixgbpb jitxxlcix dbolkltlvb acbMrxll k cltlfllcb k maxb amb}tba }kt ~xl# bzbmrtaxba ollkd }r~xavbfjbat db mtxb Migltbtrc dbGlkltxl+ Db alml xbprct# ~xlktxb actbcb# m i jitxxb k maxb Mrxtba mik}tat i kmcmaxb lg~rkb}tatrc xbmcagat# lktbx acla# } acbaf# }rh miktxicrc Migltbtrcrl db Glkltxl# g}rxlcb fbkbxacb

l)}ar# dam b}tb maprc *g}rxlcb, lkdlvldracb ~b maxb txbhrlb } cb adi~tb k }l}tbgrc cbfackalikac# ktxr a ~rkb ma~t kmcmxll mik}tatatb db Mrxtb l db a 'l kctrxa# k clglta~i}lhlcltlcix# tiatb mik}bmlkbcb *a }b vbdba# ~xlk akaciflb# ]mippaxll Flrkta m+ Ltaclbl# 84>> ~bktxr mig~bk}axba

~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac+Mrxtba kitbap m xbmcagaktrc a ~xbpbktat ih}bxvallcb }acb mr ~xlvlxb caoikdrc marpbl l ~xbtbkllcb }acb ~xlvlkd }atl}oamla bmjltahlc mr db~lxba tbxgbkrcrl clglt}tahlclt l m avimatrc }r kr a }iclmltat ~xbcrkflxba tbxgbkrcrl+ ^xlk rxgaxb# Mrxtba dbmldb

} kr amixdb klmli mig~bk}alb+ Titrl# k crglka mik}tatxll }acb m artixltlcb kr arktxb~xlk} g}rxlcb kbmb}axb ~bktxr a a}lfrxa bzbmrtaxba jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl ~xikrkat

k oaviaxba xbmcagaktrcrl l a oa~trcrl m jitxxba kr a oi}t bzbmrtat ~k k ~xbpbkt#Mrxtba mik}tat m xbmcagaktrc gal b}tb k dxb~t }'l xbmr~bxbpb mxbaka dihkdlt ktbgblrc jitxxll `rdbmtixbtl kalikacb *BRX =#1, *lhbxkbam# 88'84,+

ktxplbxl dbtbxglkatb db mig~ixtagbktrc xbmcagaktrcrl }b lar k mik}ldbxalb caa~xbmlbxba mraktrgrcrl ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gixac

12?+crkd k mik}ldbxalb lg~ixtaka ~ximbdrxlcix ~bktxr xbmcagakl# Mrxtba mik}ldbx mxbmcagaklcix txbhrla } cb ol oi}t marpat rk akrglt }txb} l oxr}txaxb ma xbprctat ac ktxplbxll kbzaglkaxba marpbl+ k ambcal tlg~# Mrxtba la k mik}ldbxalb m rkbcb ktxplbxl bxar marpatb

db mtxb kll xbmcagakll *Fr}iv}mjll# 4


35/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =2 s

Ca a~xbmlbxba mraktrgrcrl ~bktxr ~xb`rdlmlr gixac k maprc drxatbl kbxbpikahlcb a~ximbdrxlcix }b la k mik}ldbxalb a}~bmtbcb lkdlvldracb

126+Mrxtba mik}ldbx m xbmcagaktrcrl txbhrla }'l ol oi}t marpat rk akrglt klvbc db }txb} l oxr}txaxbma rxgaxb ac drxatbl bzmb}lvb a ~ximbdrxlcix# crkd k mik}ldbxalb lg~ixtaka cix ~bktxr vbkltrcoaglclbl amb}tbla l ~xihcbgbcix }acb db }ktatb *Mxavmbkmi# 6>,+

I ~bx}iak `rxldlm ~iatb ol aobmtat gixac ~xlktx'i drxat bzmb}lv a ~ximbdrxlcix12:+Mrxtba mik}ldbx m adglkl}txalbl mig~aklbl xbmcagaktb rxga } l }b marpbpb rk

akrglt klvbc db }txb} l oxr}txaxb k xbprctatrc drxatbl bzmb}lvb a ~ximbdrxlcix # kbollkd mcaxk mb g}rx mig~akla xbmcagakt k madxrc ~ximbdrxlcix xb}~bmtlvb ax ol avrt ~i}lhlcltatba }ihlk mig~bk}axba ~bktxr hrkrxl ~xbtlk}b a ol k ~xi~xlbtatba }a+ Crkd k mik}ldbxalb mbcbbz~r}b l a~xbmllkd drxata titac a ~ximbdrxlcix# jitxkd k hapa ~xlkml~llcix bmjltahlcb# Mrxtbaamixd mig~aklbl xbmcagaktb *Db}bxvlxb ]XC# ?8,

Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl ) mjbctrlbcl `rdlmlaxb

A}l}tbka `rxldlm ~xi hiki l cl~}a ~xbtbkllcix mr ~xlvlxb ca mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl

12+ ktxr mig~bk}axba mi}trxlcix l mjbctrlbclcix k tbgblrc Axtlmicrcrl 41 ac Mikvbklbl#

rxgbap a ol }tahlclt oa~trc dam amb}tba ar oi}t kbmb}axb# xbacgbktbakfaàtb l xbpikahlcb kmraktrg *Klc}bkl@ijk}bk m+ Kixvbflbl# ?85 â}tbcl l acll# 41,+

Ikixaxllcb avimatrcrl rxgbap a ol ~xihatb k gidrc mixb}~rkptix1?1+k mikoixgltatb mr Xbfrca ?> 8 ac Xbfrcagbktrcrl Mrxll# i cl}t dbtaclat a trtrxix

~xbtbkllcix rxgbap a ol ~xbpbktat# k cl~}a mxbla Magbxa ~iatb xb}~lkfb ~xbtbkllcb k titacltatb}ar k ~axtb+ Mrxtba ~iatb }'l ktbgblbpb bvacraxba }a# ~b bcbgbktb ~xbmrg ax ol krgxrc dbixb crmxatb db avimatl taxlorc ~bxmb~rt db amb}ta ~bktxr i ix db crmxr+ Titrl# dbiaxbmbxbmcagakll kr ar ~xbpbktat i a}tobc db lkoixgalb# Mrxtba dbmldb } kr acimb klml i }rg mr tltcrdb mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl *Agljacamjlialb# 4:5 â}tbcl l acll# 4=5 Crktxb l acll# 22,+

Mig~cbzltatba marpbl }b la k mik}ldbxalb ca a~xbmlbxba ikixaxllcix1?8+crkd k mik}ldbxalb cl}ta dbtaclat ~xbpbktat db xbmcagakl# mxltbxllcb db gal }r}

*mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl ' kbmb}axb# xbacb l xbpikahlcb, l oa~trc m amba}t marp a oi}t xbcatlv}lg~c k maxb xbmcagakll ar oi}t xb~xbpbktal db ambcal avimat # Mrxtba kr mik}ldbx m

mi}trxlcb ~xbtlk}b ar oi}t xbpikahlcb k mraktrg+ Lk}taka amixd xbmcagaklcix *]xhr lacll# 44,+

Marpbcb mr ~xlvlxb ca drxata bzmb}lv }rkt xbcatlv }lg~cb dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb acmig~cbzltll dax lg~clm i akaclp a rkrl vicrg gaxb db gatbxlacb

1?=+k ~xbpbkta marp# lkkd }baga db mig~cbzltatba xbcatlv }lg~c a }~bbl ~xbmrg l aa}~bmtbcix lkvimatb# db a}bgbkba avkd k vbdbxb l vicrgrc db gatbxlacb maxb rxgar a olakaclpatb# Mrxtba amixd mig~aklbl xbmcagaktb *Db}bxvlxb ]XC# ??,+


36/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =? s

]BMLRKBA LLL+

AKBZA

BZBG^CB DLK ^XAMTLMA MRXLL BRXI^BKB K ]^BBCB _BX]R] GICDI_A

]rgbcb amixdatb mr tltcr db }atl}oamlb bmjltahlc k marpbcb vbx}r} Gicdivamaxb ami~bx ~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac# gixacl mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl

K GATBXLA KBBZBMRTXLL)BZBMRTXLL TAXDL_B

^xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac

1?4+Dr~ mrg }'ax ~rtba kbcbfb dlk mik}ldbxbktbcb db gal }r}# amixdaxba }rgbcix mr tltcr db~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac k marpbcb maxb lktx k }obxa db a~clmahlcltatb a Cbfll kx+ :6 db ihlmbl~xlvb}m gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll }ar bzbmrtxll taxdlvb+ k amb}t }bk}# k tiatb }~bbcb vbx}r}

Gicdiva# rkdb }'a amixdat mig~bk}all ~bktxr ~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac# Mrxtba Brxi~bak axbmrki}mrt vlicaxba Axtlmicrcrl 1 dlk ^xitimicrc kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb+ B}tb kbmb}ax } bzl}tb rk tltcrbzbmrtixlr maxb } ~iat ol bvacrat dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb ~bmrklax# ~bktxr a bzl}ta i cbftrx dbmarpacltatb ktxb kmcmaxba tbxgbkrcrl xbpikahlc l ~xb`rdlmlr gatbxlac+1?2+k gatbxla mr ~xlvlxb ca drxata ~ximbdrxlcix db ihlmbl kr a~ax }ar kr ~it a~xba

ktxbhxl mr ~xlvlxb ca mig~bk}axba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl gatbxlac# dbiaxbmb b}tb db}trc db dlolmlc dbmik}tatat i cbftrx db marpacltatb ktxb ~xbtlk}a vlicaxb a dxb~trcrl ca bzaglkaxba marpbl ktx'rktbxgbk xbpikahlc l ~xbtbkll gatbxlacb+1??+k gatbxla kbbzbmrtxll }ar bzbmrtxll taxdlvb Mrxtba Brxi~bak a }atl}omrt ~xbtbkllcb

gatbxlacb acb xbmcagaklcix ollkdr'cb mig~bk}atb rkbixl bmjlvacbktrc jitxxll xga}bkbbzbmrtat l# dam a oi}t maprc# ~bkacltl ~bktxr kbbzbmrtaxb+ Rxgtiaxbcb marpb }b adrm dxb~tbzbg~cr0

1?6+k }~bbcb mr ~xlvlxb ca0]ltrala jitxxll kalikacb ca gigbktrc bzaglkxll Tltcrc marpbl _aciaxba ~xb`rdlmlrcrl

gatbxlac *k BRXI,Amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb rkix matbfixll }imlacb

Bzbmrtat Hrxba l acll 146=#>>

Bzbmrtat Mifrt 82>>#>>

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Drghxvbakr =4>>#>>

Kbbzbmrtat ^xb~bcla 42>>#>>

Amixdaxba db tbxbk db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb

Kbbzbmrtat Xr}r 1816#>>

Amixdaxba }~allcix cimatlvb k}iltb db bvamraxb a actix ~bx}iakb

Kbbzbmrtat ^xidak 11>>>#>>

Kbbzbmrtat ^i~iv *1, 14:4>#>>

Mig~bk}all ~bktxr lkma~amltatba db grkm

Bzbmrtat ~axlac Mclikiv =>>#>>

Mig~bk}all vlmtlgbcix xb~xb}lrklcix }ivlbtlmb ~bktxr ~xi~xlbtatba kalikaclpat

Kbbzbmrtat lhbxkbam =1#>>

Kbbzbmrtat Gaxmr 21>

Kbbzbmrtat lhbxkbam va}lcb ?8:4#>>


37/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =6 s

Kbbzbmrtat Hrlakiv}mjl ?===#>>

Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Mxiltixr

Kbamjltaxba }acaxllcix db mtxb i ktxb~xlkdbxb db }tat ) adglkl}txalbl cimacbBzbmrtat Hrcava :>

Kb~cata kdbgklpallcix ca }acaxlr a rkix orkmlikaxl *GAL,

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl ]xhr l acll ?6#>>

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Crkfr >

Bzbmrtat Obditiv 82>#>>

Ihclfala miktxamtrac db mtxb rk dbhltix ~xlvat

Kbbzbmrtat L}txatb 84:#>>

Bzbmrtat Glpbxkala =>

^cata db }rgb hkbtl dlk ~axtba artixltlcix ~rhclmb mbktxacb ) cimacbBzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Daklclrm 1>>#>>

Bzbmrtat Dbclrmjlk =>=#>>

Bzbmrtat Kadrclkbam Lik 2>4#>>

Bzbmrtat Hxafa 16?6#>>

Kbbzbmrtat Mii~bxatlva afxlmica

]cihipla'Jakb}bl

1>

Bzbmrtat Hbmmlr =2=6#>>

Bzbmrtat Crkfr 2>>>#>>

Bzbmrtat Dxafra 1>684#>>

Xbakfaàxba k }bxvlmlr k}ilt db mig~bk}allBzbmrtat ]tif l acll 1>6>

Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Himakmba l acll k gbdlr 1>> Brxi ~bktxrolbmaxb xbmcagakt

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Crktxb l acll k gbdlr 82 Brxi ~bktxrolbmaxb xbmcagakt

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl â}tbcl l acll k gbdlr 82 Brxi ~bktxrolbmaxb xbmcagakt

Bzbmrtat dr~ migrklmaxb Frvbxkrcrl Cr~amb}mr l acll k gbdlr =>> Brxi ~bktxrolbmaxb xbmcagakt

^xb`rdlmlrc gixac

1?:+]b xbltbxbap m ca amixdaxba db ~xb`rdlmll gixacb }b lkb mikt db drxata tbxgbkrcrl dbkbbzbmrtaxb ) bzbmrtaxb taxdlv# lg~ixtaka ~bktxr xbmcagakt a ihlbmtrcrl bzbmrtxll *glpa ~bktxrxbmcagakt, l actb a}~bmtb lkdlvldracb+ Tahbcrc db gal ì}# maxb miklkb bzbg~cb dlk ~xamtlmaMrxll Brxi~bkb vbx}r} Gicdiva iobx i lgaflkb fbkbxac dr~ mrg }b oamb a~xbmlbxba

~xb`rdlmllcix gixacb k marpbcb mr ~xlvlxb ca kbbzbmrtaxb)bzbmrtaxb taxdlv+ Amb}t tahbc a oi}tixdikat dr~ mxltbxlrc ~bxliadbl db kbbzbmrtaxb *ktxb dlb} a qri l dlb} ad qrbxk, l }bmacmrcbap k crkl }ar actbxkatlv k akl+ k ~rlkb }ltrall# Mrxtba Brxi~bak kr a dl}tlk} mcax~xb`rdlmll gixacb db ambcb ~xb`rdlmll gatbxlacb *marpbcb _amaxbkmr# Hakma _la} , amb}tba ollkd

bz~xb} lkdlmatb mr tltcr db bzmb~lb+ k actb bzbg~cb ~xb`rdlmlrc gixac a oi}t amixdat ~bktxr i actvlicaxb k maxb a bvicrat kbbzbmrtaxba *db bzbg~cr marpbcb Hixdbakr lHl}bxlma Adbvxat


38/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s =: s

Ixtidiza Dlk Gicdiva l acll, l ~xlk rxgaxb avkd k vbdbxb fxavltatba vlicxll# }rgbcbamixdatb mr tltcr db ~xb`rdlmlr gixac }rkt }bgklolmatlv gal gaxl+

1? Kbkxbfl}txaxba artivbjlmrcrcrl lg~ixtat Gl}txbakr Xb}~lk}

< 1 Amixdaxba }~allcix cimatlvb k}iltb db bvamraxb a actix ~bx}iakb Dbixdlbv l Dbixdlbv 2>>#>>

1> 1 Xbakfa`axba k }bxvlmlr k}ilt mr mig~bk}all Rkfrxbakr 2>>#>>

1? 1 Amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb rkix matbfixll}imlacb

_axtlm l acll ktxb :>> l18>>

16 1 Kblkoixgaxba db}~xb kxbfl}txaxba tltcrcrl db ~xi~xlbtatb Avxag Xb}~lk}

16 8 Mig~bk}all vlmtlgbcix xb~xb}lrklcix }ivlbtlmb ~bktxr ~xi~xlbtatbakalikaclpat

Halhaxam 1>>>#>>

81 8 ^cata db }rgb hkbtl dlk ~axtba artixltlcix ~rhclmb mbktxacb ) cimacb Hxafa 8>>>#>>

81 8 Amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb rkix matbfixll}imlacb

Xamr 1:>>#>>

81 8 Kb~cata kdbgklpallcix ca }acaxlr a rkix orkmlikaxl *Glkl}tbxrcTxak}~ixtrxlcix,

Hlta l acll 8>>>#>>

86 8 ^cata db }rgb hkbtl dlk ~axtba artixltlcix ~rhclmb mbktxacb ) cimacb Hbmmlr ?>>#>>

=1 = Mig~bk}all vlmtlgbcix xb~xb}lrklcix }ivlbtlmb ~bktxr ~xi~xlbtatbakalikaclpat

]mrtaxl 182>#>>

=8 = Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb Himakmba l acll ktxb 6>> l

1>>>=8 = Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb ^a}tbcl l acll ktxb 6>> l1>>>

=4 = Amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb rkix matbfixll}imlacb

Drghxvbakr 1=?>#>>

=< = Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb Crktxb l acll ktxb 6>> l1>>>

48 4 Lkdbzaxb# a}rgat db Frvbxk# a db~rkbxlcix hakmaxb lghac :>>#>>

4? 4 Mig~bk}all vlmtlgbcix xb~xb}lrklcix }ivlbtlmb ~bktxr ~xi~xlbtatbakalikaclpat

lhbxkbam _a}lcb 18>>#>>


Hrlakiv}mjl 14>>#>>

46 4 ^cata db }rgb hkbtl dlk ~axtba artixltlcix ~rhclmb mbktxacb )cimacb

_amaxbkmr 18>>>#>>

46 4 Kbbzbmrtaxba jitxxll db kxbfl}txaxb a rkrl mrct xbclfli} Hl}bxlma adbvxat

ixtidiza dlkgicdiva l acll

1>>>>#>>=

4< 4 ^cata db }rgb hkbtl dlk ~axtba artixltlcix ~rhclmb mbktxacb ) cimacb Cipak l acll 12>>#>>

2> 4 Ihclfala miktxamtrac db mtxb rk dbhltix ~xlvat Gapb~a 8>#>>


Tlhbxkbam Xb}~lk}

21 4 Ihclfala miktxamtrac db mtxb rk dbhltix ~xlvat _ltak :>>#>>

28 2 Amixdaxba db }~all cimatlvb db mtxb artixltlcb cimacb rkix matbfixll}imlacb

Mifrt :>>#>>

28 2 Mig~bk}all vlmtlgbcix xb~xb}lrklcix }ivlbtlmb ~bktxr ~xi~xlbtatba Gaxmr 1?>>#>>

1 Lkdlmbcb b}tb bfac mr rxgtixrc lkdlmb8

k amba}t marp Mrxtba Brxi~bak kr a dlvlpat }rgbcb mr tltcr db ~xb`rdlmlr gixac db mbcb mig~bk}all mr tltcrgatbxlac l a amixdat i }rg titac+= k amba}t marp a oi}t }ltrala mkd kbbzbmrtaxba jitxxll a bvicrat ktx'i act vlicaxb gal fxav l MrxtbaBrxi~bak a amixdat }atl}oamll gixacb ~bktxr aghbcb vlicxl *Axtlmicrc


39/42


40/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


s 4> s

Tltcrc marpbl Tbxgbk db kbbzbmrtaxb

Cr~amr ^btxr 1> crkl

Micb 1> crkl

Migakdaxl 11 crklKbdbcmiv 11 crkl

Trxmjlk 11 crkl

Fcavmbv ? crkl

Frxr : crkl

Mlihakr Glxmba : crkl

I}ilak < crkl

Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl

16=+Dr~ mrg xbla} dlk `rxl}~xrdbka mltat gal }r}# marpbcb mr ~xlvlxb ca kbbzbmrtaxb lkmcmaxba ~xbvbdbxlcix Axtlmicrcrl ? 1 l a Axtlmicrcrl 1 dlk ^xitimicrc kx+ 1 ca Mikvbklb kr

~xbplkt i dlolmrctatb dlk ~rkmt db vbdbxb ac akaclpbl k dxb~t l lg~clm diax i akaclpvicrglkia} k oa~t+Mr actb mrvlktb kr ~rtbg vixhl db}~xb rk crmxr lktbcbmtrac l akacltlm bkixgk amb}tb matbfixll db }~bb+ ^xlk rxgaxb l }rgbcb amixdatb mr tltcr db mig~bk}axb a mi}trxlcix lmjbctrlbclcix }rkt db}trc db xbdr}b+ Marpbcb xbcatlv gal mig~cbzb maxb ar lg~r} i bzaglkaxb l aactix a}~bmtb# dbmt }lg~ca kbbzbmrtaxb ar ~bxgl} Mrxll } iobxb mig~bk}all ~bktxr mi}trxl lmjbctrlbcl ~rlk gal gaxl+

Tltcrc marpbl ]rga amixdat mr tltcr db mi}trxl lmjbctrlbclk BRXI

Xr}r =>#>>

Mxiltixr ?#>>

Hakma _la} >

L}txatb 1>>#>>

Hitkaxl 1>>#>>

Gapb~a 1>>#>>

Obditiv 82>#>>Crkfr =>>#>>

Dbclrmjlk =>>#>>

Hrxba l acll =>>#>>

Drghxvbakr =#>>_axtlm l acll 2>>#>>

Dbixdlbv l Dbixdlbv 2>>#>>

Cipak l acll 2>>#>>Frak 2:2#>>

Gil}bl ?>>#>>Hxafa ?>>#>>


41/42


42/42

FJLD ^XAMTLM


1>6 : Cltlflr mr ~xlvlxb ca rk hrk lgihlc Imrcl}t l Lga Mtb 1?>>#>> olbmxrlxbmcagakt

112 1> Xbakfa`axba ca grkm l mig~bk}all Mxavmbkmi =>>>#>>

18< 11 Cltlflr ktxb oikdatixl a rkbl ~bx}iakb rxldlmb Gatbl l Trtrkaxr 8>>>#>>

Mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl166+^bktxr migbktaxll adllikacb a }b vbdba 16= dba}r~xa+ k ~axtlmrcax k }~bbcb vbx}r}

Gicdiva maxb ar ~xlvlt ~xihcbga drxatbl ~ximbdrxlcix mr tltcr db mi}trxl l mjbctrlbcl } 'a amixdatk gbdlr> brxi# l mba gal gaxb }rg a oi}t db 12>> brxi ktx'i marp ~rlk gal mig~cbzdbmt db ihlmbl+16:+A}tobc k Hihim ~xbtbkll mr amb}t tltcr ar oi}t xb}~lk}b5 Fr}iv}mjl kr }'a kalktat

~xbtbkll mr amb}t tltcr5 Gapb~a ' 1>>#>> Brxi5Gatbl l Trtrkaxr ' 22?#>> Brxi5 ^akpaxl ' 642#>>Brxi5Db}bxvlxb ]+X+C+ ' 1>>>#>> Brxi5 Imrcl}t l Lga ' 1>>>#>> Brxi5 l Mxavmbkmi '12>>#>>Brxi+

Ghid Practic Directia Agent Guvernamental 2012

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