Engleza Pt Incepatori 31 Si 32

7/30/2019 Engleza Pt Incepatori 31 Si 32

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RECAPITULARE1. Dac un substantiv apare de mai multe one :

I don't like this book; I like that one.

I don't want these shoes; I want cheaper ones.2. Modul imperativ:

Go to school! Don't eat so fast! Let them go now!

3. Genitivul saxon (the Saxon Genitive): Mary's car

these people's houses my parent's friendsi ntr-o propoziie, poate fi nlocuit cu cuvntul

- Nu-mi place aceast carte; mie mi place aceea.

- Nu vreau aceti pantofi; vreau unii ieftini.- Du-te la coal!

- Nu mncai aa de repede!

- Las-i s plece acum!

- maina Mriei- casele acestor oameni

- prietenii prinilor mei

1

LECIA 31 - PARTEA INT AICa i pna acum, sa ncepem lecia cu cteva cuvinte noi. Citii-le cu voce tare si reinei sensul lor n limba romn:

matter > [mEtar] - chestiune, problema, treab

fact > [ffikt] - fapt; realitate

object > [obdjikt] - obiect, scop

idea > [ a/'di] - idee

peace > [pi*] - pace

soldier > [suldjr] - soldat

war > [uo: r] - rzboi

mistake > [miste/k] - greeal, eroare

complaint > [kmplemt] - nemulumire, plngere,

reclamaie

incident > [insidnt] - incident, ntmplare

space > [spe/s] - spaiu, univers

space travel > [spe/s trEvl] - cltorie n spaiu

luggage >[lagidj] - bagaj

S exersm cuvintele noi ntr-o alt ordine:

peace >[pi:s] - pace

object > [obdjikt] - obiect, scop

luggage >[lagidj] - bagaj

matter >[mEtr] - chestiune, problem, treab

incident > [ insidnt] - incident, ntmplare

idea >[a;di] - idee

fact >[ ffikt] - fapt


2/21

space travel > [ spe;s trEvl] - cltorie n spaiu

war >[uo: r] - rzboi

mistake > [miste/k] - greeal, eroare

complaint > [kmplemt] - nemulumire, plngere,

reclamaie

soldier >[suldjr] 2 - soldat

n exerciiul urmtorul am folosit cuvintele noi n propoziii:We don't know everything about this matter yet.

The facts are alarming.

They saw a strange object in the sky.These ideas are not new.

All we want is peace.

What do you know about the war?

This soldier has made a serious mistake.You can return it if there are complaints.

The incident was in all the papers.

Is there enough space for our furniture?

The first space travel was in 1957.Is that luggage yours?

>["i: dunt nu evriT sin [ DzfEktsa:' ala^min^']

> [D ze/ so: stremdj obdjikt in D za ska;']> [D zi:z a/'diz a: r not n/'u:]

> [ol ui: "ont iz pi:s]

> [uot du iu : nu abaut D z uo: r]> [ Dzis suldj r hEz me/'d si:ris miste/'k]

>[iu : kEn nt.'n it if D zea r a: r kmple/'nts]

> [D zi insidnt uoz in o:l D za pe/'p rz]

> [iz Dzea r inaf spe/'s fo: r au r fa :rnitr]> [ Dz f rst spe/'s trEvl uoz in na/nti:n fifti sevn]

> [iz D zEt lagidj /o:'z]

- Nu tim nc totul despre aceast problem.- Faptele sunt alarmante.- Au vzut un obiect straniu pe cer.

- Aceste idei nu sunt noi.

- Tot ce dorim este (s fe) pace.

- Ce tii despre rzboi?- Acest soldat a fcut o greeal serioas.

- Putei s-o napoiai dac avei nemulumiri.

- Primul voiaj n spaiu a avut loc n 1957.Acest bagaj este al tu?

- Acest soldat a fcut o greeal serioas.

- Incidentul a aprut in toate ziarele.

- Este destul spaiu pentru mobila noastr?Iar acum completai propoziiile n limba englez

Am citit mult despre acel rzboi.

Negocierile vor aduce pacea?

Acele idei sunt greu de neles.Scopul nostru este s obinem o mrire de salariu ct mai curnd posibil.

Faptul c el m-a ajutat a impresionat-o pe mama.

El nu poate s acorde mult timp acestei probleme.

mi place s cltoresc fr bagaje.Este periculoas cltoria n spaiu?

Universul este incredibil de vast.

Aceste incidente se petrec n mod regulat?Aceste nemulumiri merit s fie ascultate.

cu cuvintele care lipsesc:

- I have read much about that >war .

- Will the negotiations bring >peac e?- Those >ideas are difficult to understand.

- Our >ob jec t is to get a raise as soon as possible.

- The >fact that he helped me impressed my mother.

- He cannot spend much time on this > matt er .

- I like travelling without any > luggage.- Is > spac e travel dangerous?

- > Space is incredibly vast.


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- Do these > incidents happen regularly?

- These >complaints are worth listening to.3

Ai fcut de dou ori aceeai greeala. Soldaii sunt gata de lupt.

- You have made the same >mistake twice.

- The >sold ie rs are ready for the fight.

"I like travelling without any luggage."

myRezolvai urmtorul exerciiu de traducere:incident, ntmplare greeal, eroare pace rzboi

chestiune, problem, treab soldat

spaiu, univers

nemulumire, plngere, reclamaieobiect, scop

idee

faptbagaj

> incident

> mistake

> peace> war

> matter

> soldier

> space> complaint

> object

> idea

> fact> luggage

n leciile anterioare, ai ntlnit deja verbul modalmust - a trebui.Acum vom nva forma de negaie:1.Forma negativ a verbului mustse obine prin adugarea adverbului de negaie not: must not (formaprescurtatfiindmustn't [masnt]care nseamn a nu fi permis/ngduit, a nu avea voie, a fi interzis, de exemplu:She mustn't smoke. You mustn't talk here.

- Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.- Nu ai voie s vorbeti aici.

2. Structura negativ nu trebuie,se exprim cu forma scurt needn't [ni:dnt], de exemplu:You needn't read all these books. - Nu trebuie s citeti toate aceste cri.

She needn't worry about it. - Ea nu trebuie s-i fac griji n legturcu asta.

Iar acum s folosim verbele modale nvate anterior. Completai propoziiile n limba englez cu verbul corespunztor'.

Nu trebuie s mergem acolo. - We >needn' tgo there.

De ce nu am voie s vin aici? - Why > mus tn 'tl come here?Nu avem voie s facem aceast greeal. - We >m us tn 'tmake this mistake.

Nu trebuie s ascult plngerile tale. - I > needn 't listen to your complaints.

Nu ai voie s-i lai bagajul aici. - You > mus tn 't leave your luggage here.Aceste tiri nu sunt neaprat adevrate. - This news >needn't be facts.

Urmeaz un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Exersai pronunia i reinei nelesul lor n limba romn:

objective > [bdjektiv] - obiectiv, neprtinitordecisive > [disa/siv] - hotrtor, decisivurgent >[:rdjant] -urgent

concrete >[konkri:t] - concret, palpabil

abstract > [ EbstrEkt] - abstract

peaceful > [p i:sf l ] - panic, linititpresently > [pre z nt li ] - imediat, ndat

lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propoziii:

Can you talk about this objectively?

Tomorrow will be the decisive day.This is a very urgent matter.

Is there concrete information?

I don't like abstract subjects.

The surroundings are very peaceful.We'll start it presently.

> [kEn iu : to:k abaut Dzis bdjektivli]

> [tmoru "il bi: D z disa/siv de/]> [D zis iz veri : rdjnt mEt r]

> [iz Dze r konkri:t infme/n]


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> [a i dunt la/k EbstrEkt sabdjikts]

> [ Dz sraundin (g )z a: r veri pi:sfl]>["i:l sta: rt it prezntli]

- Poi s vorbeti obiectiv despre asta?

- Mine va fi ziua decisiv.

- Aceasta este o treab foarte urgent.- Sunt informaii concrete?

- Nu-mi plac subiectele abstracte.

- mprejurimile sunt foarte panice.- Vom ncepe imediat.4

Acum completai propoziiile n limba engleza cu

Ideile abstracte sunt dificil de neles.

Avem nevoie urgent de mai mult ngrmnt chimic.Aceasta trebuie prezentat ntr-un mod obiectiv.

Vom termina imediat.

Ei triesc ntr-o regiune linitit.Masa este un obiect concret.

Este greu s fii obiectiv n aceast problem.

noile cuvinte:

- >Abst ract ideas are difficult to understand- We >urgently need more fertilizer.

- It has to be shown in an >objective way.

- We'll finish it presently.

- They live in a >peaceful region.- A table is a >concrete object.

- It is difficult to be obje cti ve in this matter

Traducei urmtoarele cuvinte n limba englez:

concret decisivpanic, linitit imediat, ndat abstract urgent obiectiv

> concrete

> decisive> peaceful

> presently

> abstract

> urgent> objective

Ai reuit sa rezolvai exerciiul anterior? Iat acum un grup de verbe noi:

to matter > [ tu mEtr] - a conta, a avea importan

to notice >[tu nutis] - a observa, a bga de seam

to complain > [ tu kmplem] - a se plnge, a reclamato agree >[tu gri:] - a fi de acord, a accepta

to disagree >[tu disgri:] - a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta

to decide >[tudisa/d] - a decide, a hotrlata cuvintele noi ntr-un scurt dialog. Citii-1 cu atenie:

Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything. Really? I haven't noticed.She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.I think I was right. But does it matter?Yes, it does. You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.Now you are right. Next time when I decide to forbid her something I'll explain why.S analizam acum fiecare propoziie separat:- Peter, Jane s-a plns c i interzici totul.

Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything.

Really? I haven't noticed.

She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.I think I was right.

But does it matter?

Yes, it does.

You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.Now you are right.

Next time when I decide to forbid her something I'll explain why.

> [pi:t ! dje/n kmple/'nz DzEt ;'u: forbid ha:' evnT sin (g) ]> [rili a/ hEvnt nutist]

> [i: "ontid tu gu on holide; uiD z h : r frendz End m: didnt agri:]

> [a i Tsin (g, k a i uoz ra/'t]

> [bat daz it mEt r]> [ /'es it daz]

> [ iu : didnt i:vn tel h: r :a/ iu : disgri:d]

> [nau zu: a: r ra/'t]

> [nekst ta/'m "en a/' disa/'d tu forbid samT sin ,g )

ail iksple/'n ua/']

- ntr-adevar? Nu am observat.

- Ea a vrut s mearg n concediu cu prietenii ei dar tunu ai fost de acord.Data viitoare cnd


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voi decide s-i interzic ceva,

i voi explica de ce.- Cred ca am avut dreptate.

- Dar conteaz asta?

- Da.

- Nici mcar nu i-ai spus de ce nu ai fost de acord.- Acum ai dreptate.

Acum completai propoziiile n limba engleza

A contat mult pentru mine.Ai observat c el a but prea mult?S-au plns de cldur.

tiu c ei nu sunt de acord.

Nu am fost de aceeai prere n acea problem.

Noi am decis s nu-i ateptm.cu verbele corespunztoare:

- It >matter ed a lot to me.

- Have you >noti ced that he has drunk too much?- They >compla med of the heat.

- I know they don't >agr ee .

- We >disagreed on that matter.

- We >decided not to wait for them.Traducei n limba engleza urmtoarele verbe:

a accepta, a fi de acord a decide, a hotr a se plnge, a reclama a observa

a conta, a avea importan a nu fi de acord

> to agree> to decide

> to complain

> to notice

> to matter> to disagree

5

Iar acum s revenim la imperativul format cu verbullet.Dac imperativul are o negaie n coninut (vrem ca cineva s nu fac ceva), atunci se folosete cuvntul de negaie not.

De exemplu: Let's not agree.

Let them not decide themselves.

Sa nu fim de acord! S nu decid ei nsisi!n exerciiul urmtor traducei propoziiile n limba englez:

Las(-o) s nu fac aceast greeal!

S nu lum bagajul cu noi!

S nu-1 lsm s vorbeasc tot timpul despre rzboi.

> Let her not make this mistake.> Let's not take the luggage with us.

> Let him not talk about the war all the time.

Urmeaz ultimul exerciiu al leciei, n care vom sintetiza cele nvate. Traducei propoziiile urmtoare n limba englez:Acest incident nu trebuie s se mai ntmple. Cltoria n spaiu este captivant. Nu trebuie s te gndeti la aceast problem. El are o idee

bun, s-1 lsm s vorbeasc. L-ai observat pe brbatul cu plria verde? Nu ai voie s hotrti fr s vorbeti cu Jane. Nu conteaz.

S nu-i lsm s se plng!Nu trebuie s ajungem la un acord acum.

> This incident mustn't happen again.

> Space travel is exciting.

> You needn't think about this matter.> He has a good idea, let him speak.

> Have you noticed this man in a green hat?

> You mustn't decide without talking to Jane.

> It doesn't matter.> Let them not complain!

> We needn't agree now.5

LECIA 31 - PARTEA A DOUA9

ncepem partea a doua a leciei cu substantive referitoare la rzboi. Citii cuvintele cu voce tare:

army >[a:'mi] - armat

navy > [nez'vi] - flot maritim, marin militar

air force >[erfo:rs] - for aerian

civilian > [sivilz'n] - civil

trench > [trent] - traneu


6/21

weapon >[uepn] - arm

enemy > [ enmi] - inamic

ally >[Ela/] - aliat

cartridge >[ka:rtridj] - cartu

atom-bomb > [Etm bom] - bomb atomic

battle >[bEtl] - btlie, lupt

submarine > [sabmri:n] - submarin

S exersm cuvintele noi i ntr-o alt ordine:

enemy > [enami] - inamic

ally >[Elaz] - aliat

battle >[bEtl] - btlie, lupt

navy > [nez'vi] - flot maritim, marin militar

cartridge >[ka:rtridj] - cartu

submarine >[sabmari:n] - submarin

army >[a:rmi] - armat

atom-bomb > [ Etm bom] - bomb atomic

air force >[erfo:rs] - for aerian

weapon >[l,epn] - arm

trench > [trent] - traneu

civilian >[sivilz'n] - civil

6

Urmrii folosirea cuvintelor noi n propoziii. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la traducerea lor Ln limba romn:

This country has a small army.

In a war the air forces are often decisive.>[ D /iskantrihEz

> [ in uo:' Dzi ea' fo:'siz a: ofn disa/siv]

Many civilians were killed. >[men i siv il/ nz ua:r kild]The soldiers had to dig trenches.Our weapons are not modern enough.

We have no information on the enemy.

Our allies were too late to help us.

These are bad cartridges.Was it necessary to use the atom-bomb?

>[ Dza sauldj'z hEd tu dig trentsiz]

>[aua' l 'epnz a:' not moda rn inaf]>[ L'i: hEv nu infame/n on D zi enmi]

>[au r Ela/z u: r tu: Iert tu help as]

>[ Dzi:z a:rbE d ka :' tr id jiz]

>["oz it nesis ri tu m:z D zi Etm bom]The battle started at night. >[D z bEtl sta:rtid Et na/t]

Their navy has no submarines.

>[ Dze; r ne/vi hEz nu sabmri:nzl

- Aceasta ar are o armat mic.- ntr-un rzboi fora aerian este deseori decisiv.

- Muli civili au fost ucii.


7/21

- Soldaii au trebuit s sape tranee.

- Armele noastre nu sunt destul de moderne.- Nu avem informaii despre inamic.

- Aliaii au venit prea trziu s ne ajute.

- Acestea sunt cartue proaste.

- A fost necesar folosirea bombei atomice?- Btlia a nceput noaptea.

- Flota lor maritim nu are submarine.

Acum completai propoziiile n limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:Sunt destule cartue? Inamicul are avioane moderne. Traneele sunt suficient de adnci. Aliaii notrii ne sprijin. Muli civili prsescoraul. Ei construiesc multe submarine. Btlia a continuat timp de o sptmn. Noi folosim cele mai moderne arme.

- Are there enough Cartridges?

- The >enemy has modern planes.

- The Frenches are deep enough.- Our >allies support us.

- Many Civilians are leaving the town.

- They are building many Submarines-- The >battle has continued for a week.

- We are using the latest >weapons-

Bomba atomic a fost folosit de aliatul nostru. - The >atom-bomb was used by our ally.

7Fratele meu este n aviaia militar. Armata are nevoie de mult petrol. Unele ri nu au flot maritim.

- My brother is in the >air force.

- The >army needs a lot of petrol.

- Some countries haven't got a >navy."My brother is in the air force"

Acum traducei noile cuvinte n englez:

fora aerian > air force

arm > weapon

cartu > cartridge

submarin > submarine

lupt, btlie > battle

aliat > ally

civil > civilian

flot maritim > navy

bomb atomic > atom-bomb

armat > army

traneu > trench

1* (14) 29(8) n continuare iat cum putem exprima datele:In the forties there were many battles.

>[in Dzafo:rtiz Dze rua: r meni bEtlzln anii patruzeci au fost multe lupte.

7

Dup cum ai observat, expresiile ca anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci etc,se formeaz adugnd la numeral articolul hotrt i sufixul-es.Nu

uitai c litera -y de la sfritul cuvntului se transforma n -i, iar aceasta este urmat de terminaia -es.Iat exemplele:

the fifties the sixties

Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu ajutorul cifrelor n felul urmtor:anii cincizeci

anii aizeci

the 80s the 20s the eighties the twenties

- anii optzeci


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anii douzeci

Dac vrem s subliniem secolul, atunci data se scrie n felul urmtor:the 1830s - the eighteen thirties - anii o mie opt sute treizeci

the 1970s - the nineteen seventies - anii o mie nou sute aptezeci

Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza Rzboiul a nceput n anii 1930.

Mary s-a nscut n anii aizeci.Aceast cas a fost construit n anii 1790.

n anii '40 au fost puine maini n Romnia.

> The war started in the 1930s (nineteen thirties).>Mary was born in the 60s (sixties).>This house was built in the 1790s (seventeen nineties).

> In the 40s (forties) there were few cars in Romania.

Urmeaz din nou cteva cuvinte noi:

tactical >[tEktikl] - tactic

civilian >[sivil/n] - civil

nuclear >[ru:klir] - nuclear

live >[la;v] - viu, intens

naval >[ ne/vi] - naval, maritim

armoured >[a: rma'd] - blindat, armat

8Urmrii folosirea cuvintelor noi n propoziii. Citii-le cu voce tare i exersai pronunia:

The enemy made a tactical mistake.

Also civilian planes are used.Nuclear weapons are enormously dangerous.

The police were using live cartridges.

Naval planes are important in a modern war.

> [ Dzi enmi me/'d tEktikl miste/k]

> [:lsu sivil/an plemz a: 1 /u:zd]

> [n /'u:kli r "epnz a:r ino:'msli de/ndjras]

> [Dz pli:s u: r /u:zin (s ) la/v ka:'tridjiz]

> [ne/vl ple/nz a:

r

important in a mod

r

n

u

o:

r

]Their planes are only lightly > [D'e r ple mz a:1' aunli la/tli armoured. a:'mard]

- Inamicul a fcut o greeal tactic.

- Se folosesc i avioane civile.- Armele nucleare sunt extraordinar de periculoase.

- Poliia a folosit cartue adevrate.

- Avioanele flotei maritime sunt foarte importante ntr-un rzboi modern.- Avioanele lor sunt slab blindate.

Completai propoziiile n limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunztoare:

Inamicul are dou submarine nucleare.

De obicei avioanele tactice nu sunt foarte mari.Nu este uor s distrugi un avion blindat.

Aceti copii au gsit cartue adevrate. Btlia naval a fost decisiv. Soldaii purtau haine civile.

- The enemy has two > nuclear submarines.

- The > tactical planes are usually not very big.- It is not easy to damage an > armoured plane.

- These children have found > live cartridges.

- The > naval battle was decisive.

- The soldiers were wearing > civilian clothes.Traducei n limba engleza cuvintele urmtoare:

naval, maritim > naval

civil > civiliannuclear > nuclear

tactic > tactical

blindat > armoured

viu > live8

n continuare ne vom ocupa din nou de gramatica.

Am nvat deja cuvntulone, care se folosete pentru nlocuirea unui substantiv care se repet n propoziie.Iat i cteva detalii.Cuvntulone nu se folosete pentru nlocuirea unui substantiv care se repet, dac n propoziie se afl i pronumele own.De exemplu:

I won't give you my pen; use your own.

He doesn't need your car. He has his own.We never buy vegetables. We grow our own.

- Nu-i voi da stiloul meu; folosete-1 pe al tu.


9/21

- El nu are nevoie de maina ta. El are propria main.

- Nu cumprm niciodat zarzavaturi. Noi nine le cultivm.S nvam cteva verbe noi:

to fight to surrender to join to arm to fire at to sink

> [tu fa/t]

> [tu srend1"]> [tu djo/'n]

> [tu a:'m] >[tu fa/a rEt] >[tu sin (g )k]

Dintre verbele de mai sus doua sunt neregulate. Iat formele lor:formal fight >[f a/t] sink >Nn 'k;forma a Il-a fought >[fo:t] sank >[sEn (g ,k]

- a (se) lupta, a se bate

- a se preda, a capitula

- a se uni, a intra (n)- a (se) narma

- a trage (cu o arm)

- a (se) scufundaforma a IlI-a fought >[fo:t] sunk >[san(=k]

Acum iata noile verbe n propoziii:

This country has fought > [Dzis kantri hEz fo:t

many wars. meni uo:'z]Aceast ar a dus multe rzboaie.

The enemy soon surrendered. > [D 7i enami su:n sarenda rd] Inamicul a capitulat repede.

He has joined his army, > [ hi: hEz djo /nd hiz a:rmi

we have joined our own. ui: hEv djo/nd auaraun]El a intrat n armata lui, noi am intrat n a noastr.

9

They armed themselves with their own knives.

They have fired at us occasionally.The submarine sank five ships in two days.

We fought in vain.

> [D'e; a: rmd Dzemselvz u iDy D' e i ' aim na/vz]> [D ze/hEv faza'dEt as ake/janali]

> [ D'a sabmarim sEn (g )k fa/v ips in tu: de/z]

> [ui: fo:t in vez'n]

Our allies have surrendered. > [aur Ela/z hEv srendrd]Will you join us?

Are our soldiers sufficiently armed?

> [uil iu : djo/n as]

> [a:1 aur suldjrz sfintli a:rmd]

We fired at the enemy planes, > [u

i: fa;ar

d Et Dz

i enmi ple/nz not at our own. not Et aur

un]- S-au narmat cu cuitele lor.

- Au tras uneori asupra noastr.

- Submarinul a scufundat cinci vapoare n dou zile.- Noi am luptat n zadar.

- Aliaii notrii au capitulat.

- Ni te vei altura?- Soldaii notrii sunt suficient de narmai?

Am tras n avioanele inamice, nu n ale noastre.

They have sunk too many > [D zez hEv san' 'k tu: meni - Ei ne-au scufundat deja of our ships already. av aua' sips o: lred i] prea multe

nave.Urmeaz un exerciiu nou n care vom folosi cuvintele noi. Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:

Vom nceta lupta de ndat ce inamicul se va preda.

Dup o sptmn el a venit dup soia sa la Londra.

Am scufundat un vapor la miezul nopii.Nu am tras niciodat asupra nimnui.

Avioanele sunt foarte narmate.Vom lupta pn la ultimul om.

Ei s-au predat fr s lupte.Cele dou armate s-au unit nainte de ultima btlie.

Cte nave au fost scufundate n aceast sptmn?

- We will stop > fighting as soon as the enemy > surrenders.- After a week he >joined his wife in London.

- We >sank a ship at midnight.

-1 have never > fired at anybody.

The planes are heavily > armed.We will >fight to the last man.

They Surrendered without >fighting.

The two armies >joined before the last battle.

How many ships >have been sunk this week?9

Pentru a verifica daca ai reinut cele studiate pna acum, traducei verbele urmtoare n limba englez:

a trage (cu o arm) > to fire (at)a se uni, a intra n > to joina (se) scufunda > to sink


10/21

a narma > to arm

a (se) lupta > to fighta se preda > to surrender

S revenim nc o dat la folosirea cuvntului one n nlocuirea substantivelor.Iat i alte cazuri n care cuvntulonepoate fi omis:1.Dup numerale cardinale:I have three chairs and she has five. She bought two coats and stole three.

2. Dup genitivulsaxon:This bicycle is not so expensive as John's.It was not her mistake, but her sister's.Eu am trei scaune i ea are cinci.

Ea a cumprat dou haine i a furat trei.

- Aceast bicicleta nu este att de scumpa ca a lui John.

- Nu a fost greeala ei, ci a surorii sale.

Dup pronumele some, any, these, those:If you want cigarettes, I can give you some. - Dac vrei igri, i pot da cteva.

He was looking for cheap curtains, but he didn't see any.

Dup forma de superlativ a adjectivelor:Of all the cars we have, this is the fastest.

Of all the flowers I have seen today, these are the most beautiful.

El a cutat perdele ieftine, dar nu a vzut niciuna.Dintre toate mainile pe care le avem aceasta este cea mai rapid.

Dintre toate florile pe care le-am vzut azi, acestea sunt cele mai frumoase.

n exerciiul urmtor vom exersa construciile nvate anterior. Traducei propoziiile n limba englez:

Maina lui nu este att de rapid ca a lui Mary. > His car is not so/as fast as Mary's.Noi am cumprat dou vapoare i ei au cumprat cinci.

Am camera mea i el o are pe a sa.

Soia lui este cea mai frumoas.

> We bought two ships and they bought five.> I have my own room and he has his own.

> His wife is the most beautiful.

10Noi avem doi copii, iar vecinii notri au cinci.

> We have two children and our neighbours have five.

Nu trebuie s mprumut bani; i am pe ai mei. > I needn't borrow any money; I have my own.

Prinii lui John sunt mai btrni dect ai lui Mary. > John's parents are older than Mary's. Acest biat este cel mai nalt. > This boy is thetallest.

Urmeaz ultimul exerciiu al leciei. Traducei propoziiile urmtoare n limba engleza:

Cnd am observat c a nceput sa se ntunece, ne-am alturat aliailor notri.

> When we noticed it was getting dark, we joined our allies.

Nu avem nevoie de submarinele flotei lor militare, > We don't need the submarines of their navy; le avem pe ale noastre. we have our own.> He made two mistakes, but you made six.

> The weapons of the enemy are not modern.

El a fcut dou greeli, dar tu ai fcut ase.Armele inamicului nu sunt moderne.

Reclamaiile cumprtorilor merit ascultate.

Am obosit repede pentru c bagajul meu a fost greu.Nu ai voie s iei asta.

n anii '20 noi aveam o armat mic.

Nu trebuie s faci asta azi.

Ei au decis s foloseasc bomba atomic.> The complaints of the customers are worth listening to.

> I soon got tired because my luggage was heavy.

> You mustn't take it.

> In the 20s (twenties) we had a small army.> You needn't do it today.

> They have decided to use the atom-bomb.n ncheiere iata exerciiul de pronunie. Repetai cuvintele:

[ej [e i ] [a/] [a]

weapon navy decide army

trench naval live arm

bed mistake decisive cartridge

enemy space fire armoured

let lake fight car

10

RECAPITULAREA LECIEI 31


11/21

5

31.1. Forma negativ a verbului auxiliar must"

31.1.1. Dac verbului modal must" i se adaug adverbul de negaie not", obinem forma must not" (forma scurt mustn't") carenseamn a nu fi permis/ ngduit, a nu avea voie, a fi interzis".

She mustn't smoke. - Ea nu are voie s fumeze.

You mustn't talk here. - Nu ai voie s vorbeti aici.

31.1.2. Corespondentul englezesc al expresiei nu trebuie" este needn't":You needn't read all these books. - Nu trebuie s citeti toate aceste cri.

She needn't worry about it. - Ea nu trebuie s-i fac griji n legturcu acest lucru.

31.2. Dac vrem ca cineva sa nu faca ceva, atunci verbului let" i se adaug cuvntul de negaie not":Let's not go there! - S nu mergem acolo!

Let them not speak. - S nu-i lsm s vorbeasc.

31.3. Expresiile anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci" se formeaz adugnd numeralului articolul hotrt i sufixul ,,-es". Litera ,,-y" de la sfritulcuvntului se transform n ,,-i", de exemplu:

the fifties - anii cincizeci

the sixties - anii aizeci

Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu cifre n felul urmtor:the 80s - the eighties - anii optzeci

Dac vrem s subliniem secolul, atunci data se scrie n felul urmtor:

the 183Os - the eighteen thirties - anii o mie opt sute treizeci

the 1970s -the nineteen seventies - anii o mie nou sute aptezeci11

31.4. Omiterea cuvntului one" n cazul n care nlocuiete substantive:

n urmtoarele cazuri cuvntul one" care nlocuiete substantive care se repet, poate fi omis:1. Dup adjectivul own"I won't give you my pen; use your own.

- Nu-i voi da stiloul meu; folosete-1 pe al tu.

Dup numerale cardinale:I have three chairs and she has five. - Am trei scaune i ea are cinci. Dup genitivul saxon

This bicycle is not so expensive - Aceast biciclet nu este att de scump as John's. ca a lui John.

4. Dupa pronumele some, any, these, those":

If you want cigarettes, I can give you some.Daca vrei igri, i pot da cteva.

5. Dupa forma de superlativ a adjectivelor:

Of all the cars we have, this is the fastest.

- Dintre toate mainile pe care le avem, aceasta este cea mai rapid.11

TEMA PENTRU ACAS 31A.

Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romna:

Let them not buy this expensive bicycle.

2. In the 1880s there were a lot of new weapons.3. They have two submarines and we have ten.

4. She mustn't give us these towels.

5. You needn't join the army.

6. I wanted stamps but they didn't have any.B. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:

1. Nu-mi place aceast idee. O prefer pe aceea.

2. Cltoriile n spaiu au nceput n anii o mie nou sute treizeci.

3. Nu avem voie s facem aceeai greeal de dou ori.4. S nu-1 lsm pe John s se plng.

5. Nu trebuie s lupt n acest rzboi.

6. Acesta nu este bagajul meu, ci al Mriei.C. Corectai greelile din urmtoarele propoziii:

1. You needn't to go to school today. You can stay at home if you want.

2. Let her not to open the window.3. I have one daughter and they have two ones.4.

We met in the 1970.

5.

They don't needn't wear these trousers.11

LECIA 32 - PARTEA INT AIn continuare va vom prezenta alte cuvinte legate de rzboi:

rifle

tankaircraft

aircraft carrier

anti-aircraft gun

ammunition

targetcasualties

measures


12/21

bomber

fighter attack>[ra/fl]

>[tEn(sk]

>[eaTcra:ft]

>[erkra:ftkErir]>[Enti erkra:ft gan]

>[Em/unin]

>[ta:rgit]>[kEjmltiz]>[mejarz]

>[bomr]

>[fa/tr] >[tEk]

- puca- tanc

- avion, avioane

- port-avion- tun anti-aerian

- muniie

- int

- pierderi, victime- msuri, dispoziii

- bombardier, avion de bombardament

- avion de vntoare

- atac, asaltExersai cuvintele noi i ntr-o alta ordine:

aircraft carrier >[erkra:ftkErir] - port-avion

attack >[atEk] - atac, asalt

tank >[tEn(s)k] - tanc

measures >[mejrz] - msuri, dispoziii

rifle >[ra;fl] - puc

bomber >fbomr] - bombardier, avion de

bombardament

aircraft >[e'kra:ft] - avion, avioane

casualties >[kEj/ultiz] - pierderi, victime

ammunition >[Emz'unin] - muniie

fighter >[fa/tr] - avion de vntoare

anti-aircraft gun >[Enti erkra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian

target >[ta:rgit] - int

12Acum urmrii folosirea cuvintelor noi n propoziii:

The soldiers are armed with rifles.How many tanks has the enemy got?

Aircraft carriers are enormous ships.Our aircraft have not yet returned.

We need more anti-aircraft guns.

They are having troubles with their ammunition.

A ship is an easy target.How many casualties were there in that battle?

We have to take serious measures.

Our bombers have hit all the targets.

We lost two fighters yesterday.The attack came in the early morning.

> [D' suldja rz a: 1 a:'md "lD-'ra/flz]

> [hau meni tEn (g )ks hEz D zi enami got]> [ea'kra:ft kEiia'z a:' ino: rms ips]

> [au1 ea rkra:ft hEv not /'et nt: rnd]

> I T . ni:d mo: r

Enti e'kra:ft ganz]> [D ze/ a: r hEvm (g) trablz uiD z Dze;' EiTuunin]


13/21

> [a ip iz n i:zi ta: rgit]

> [hau meni kEj/ultiz u: r Dze r in DzEt bEtlj> ["i: hEv tu te/k si: ras meja'z]

> [aua r boma rz hEv hit o:l D za ta: rgits]

> [ui: lost tu: fa/ta'z /esta'de/]

> [D zi tEk ke/m in D zi a. rli mo:rnin ( ,lSoldaii sunt narmai cu puti.

Cte tancuri are inamicul?

- Port-avioanele sunt vapoare enorme.Avioanele noastre nu s-au ntors nc.Avem nevoie de mai multe tunuri anti-aeriene.

Ei au probleme cu muniia lor.

Un vapor este o int uoar.

Cte victime au fost n acea btlie?Trebuie s lum msuri serioase.

Bombardierele noastre au nimerit toate intele.

Ieri noi am pierdut dou avioane de vntoare.Atacul a nceput dimineaa devreme.

"The soldiers are armed with rifles"13

S exersm nc o data cuvintele noi. Compl corespunztoare:Tunurile noastre anti-aeriene au fost nefolositoare.

Bombardierele zboar la nlime foarte mare.

Acestea sunt puti strine.

Au fost puine victime.Au fost alese multe inte industriale.

S-au raportat dou avioane de vntoare avariate'

Atacul va avea loc n cea.

Ultimul lor port-avion a fost scufundat n zori.Pe un port-avion este loc pentru multe avioane.

Tancurile sunt sigure.

Aceste msuri nu sunt suficiente.

Nu avem muniie pentru aceste arme.Acum traducei n limba englez cuvintele:

avion (avioane) muniie

pierderi, victime bombardier atac, asalt int tancport-avion msuri, dispoziii avion de vntoare puc

tun anti-aerian

eti propoziiile n limba englez cuvintele

- Our >anti-aircraft guns were useless.

- The >bombers fly very high.- These are foreign >rifles.

- There were hardly any casualties.

- Many industrial >targets were chosen.- Two >fighters were reported damaged.

- The >att ack will be made in fog.

- Their last >aircraft carrier was sunk at dawn.

- On an aircraft carrier there is space for many >aircraft.- The >tanks are reliable.

- These >measures are not sufficient.

- We have no ammunition for these weapons.

> aircraft> ammunition

> casualties

> bomber> attack

> target> tank

> aircraft carrier> measures

> fighter

> rifle

> anti-aircraft gunAcum ne vom rentoarce la o problem gramaticala discutat n lecia anterioara, i anume, genitivul saxon.

Genitivul saxon se folosete naintea substantivelor care exprim timpul sau distana, de exemplu:Did you hear last night's news?

There was a two hours' delay.The building was a mile's distance from us.

Ai auzit tirile de ieri sear?

A fost o ntrziere de dou ore.Cldirea era la o distant de o mil de noi.

Nu uitai s adugai substantivului la singular sau plural apostroful i litera s! S aplicm aceast regul n urmtorul exerciiu:

tii ceva despre ntlnirea de sptmna trecut? > Do yo u k now any thin g a bou t la st w eek' smeeting?coala se afla la o distan de un kilometru jumtale de casa mea.


14/21

Cunoti rezultatele de lunea trecut?

> The school is a mile's distance from my house.> Do you know last Monday's results?

S nvm cteva cuvinte noi:

military

defensivemissing

hostile

jetvulnerable (to)> [militriJ

> [difensiv]

> [misin (s )]

> [hosta/1]> [djet]

> [valnrbl]

- militar- defensiv, de aprare

- disprut

- ostil, inamic

- avion cu reacie- vulnerabil, care poate fi atacat

n exerciiul urmtor putei urmri folosirea cuvintelor noi n propoziii. Citii-le cu atenie i reinei traducerea lor n limba romn:Only military targets are important.

> [aunli militri ;a:'gits a: r important]We took defensive measures. > [ui: tuk difensiv meja'z]

Twenty soldiers are reported missing.

> [t uenti suldja'z a: ripo: rtid misin lg 'J

No hostile fighters were seen > [nu ho sta/1 fa/ 't rz u: r si:nthat day.

Heavy jet bombers will be necessary for those targets.

DzEt de/]

> [hevi djet boma rz uil bi: nesisri fo: r Dzauz ta: rgits]Tanks are vulnerable to some > [tEn


15/21

> I think she will be interested in it.

> My parents are not interested in my friends.> They were afraid of the second attack.

15

Vom nva ultimele verbe noi din aceast lecie:

to destroy >[tu distro/] - a distruge, a drma

to bomb > [tu bom] - a bombarda

to bring down >[tu brin[tu te/k of] - a decola, a-i lua zborul

to attack >[tu atEk] - a ataca, a asalta

to defend > [tu difend] - a apra

to receive >[tu risi:v] - a primi

to carry >[tukEri] - a transporta, a duce

Iat folosirea verbelor noi n urmtoarele propoziii:Many factories were destroyed in the attack.The enemy bombed our capital.

They have brought down three of our aircraft.

The fighters have attacked the tanks.

The planes took off from the aircraft carrier.We defended the capital as long as possible.

Three ships carrying ammunition were sunk.

I received a letter yesterday.

> [meni fEktriz u: r distro/d in Dzi tEk]> [D zi enarni bomd aua r kEpitl]

> [D ze/ hEv bro.t daun T sri: v aua r ea rkra:ft]

>[ Dzafa/t'zhEvtekt DztEn [D z ple/'nz tuk of from D zi e'kra:ftkEri r]>[ ui: difendidDza kEpitl Ez lon (g) Ez posibl]

>[ Tsri: sips kEr/in'"' Emmnin "a: 1 san ,g )k]

> [a/ risi:vd a letr ;estarde/]

- Au fost distruse multe fabrici n timpul atacului.- Inamicul a bombardat capitala noastr.

- Au dobort trei dintre avioanele noastre.

- Avioanele de vntoare au atacat tancurile.- Avioanele au decolat de pe vasul purttor de avioane.

- Noi am aprat capitala ct mai mult timp posibil.

- Trei vapoare, care transportau muniie au fost scufundate.

- Ieri am primit o scrisoare.Completai propoziiile urmtoarele cu verbele corespunztoare:

Ne putem apra porturile?

Avioanele s-au nlat n direcia vntului.

Au bombardat avioanele noastre de vntoare nainte ca ele s poat decola.Jumtate din tancuri au fost distruse n primele cteva minute.

Vestea pe care am primit-o este ngrozitoare.

- Can we >defend our harbours?

- The planes >took off into the wind.

- They >bombed our fighters before they could take off.- Half of the tanks were >destroyed in the first few minutes.

- The news I have >received is awful.15

Tunurile anti-aeriene au dobort multe avioane.

Bombardierele au atacat de dou ori n acea zi. Ele pot transporta bombele cele mai grele.

- The anti-aircraft guns have >brought down many aircraft.- The bombers >attacked twice that day.

- They can >carry the heaviest bombs.

n ncheierea acestui ir de exerciii, traducei n limba engleza urmtoarele cuvinte:

a transporta, a duce a apra a primi a ataca a decola a dobor a bombarda a distrugeIar acum s ne ntoarcem la pronumele i adjectivul pronominal any ".> to carry >to defend

> to receive >to attack

> to take off> to bring down

> to bomb> to destroy


16/21

Adjectivul pronominalanyse folosete i n propoziii afirmative. In acest caz nseam: orice, oricare,i se folosete pentru determinareapersoanelor i obiectelor.Any child knows the answer to that question.He will take any room you can offer to him.- Orice copil tie rspunsul la aceast ntrebare.

- Va accepta orice camer, pe care poi s i-o feri.You can come any day. - Poi veni n orice zi.In mod asemntor se folosesc i formele pronominale compuse ale acestui cuvnt:

> [enibodi]> [eni"an] >[emTsin (s>]> [eniue r]

anybody anyone anything anywhereIat cteva exemple:

Anybody can tell you that.You can give it to anyone you meet there.

Those people will do anything for money. You can put that chair anywhere.

- oricine, oricare- oricine, oricare

- orice

- oriunde, n orice loc

- Oricine i poate spune asta.- Poi s dai asta oricrei persoane pe care o ntlneti acolo.

- Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.

- Poi pune oriunde scaunul acesta.

16n exerciiul urmtor vom exersa utilizarea adjectivului pronominal any" i a formelor sale compuse. Traducei propoziiile n limba

englez:

Orice camer este destul de bun pentru mine.

Poate fi folosit n orice ar.Orice carte cumprat va fi mpachetat frumos.

Oricine poate vedea c acele flori nu sunt proaspete.

Oricine a fost acolo, tie ct de intens este traficul.Poate fi fcut cu orice lucru ascuit. Criminalul se poate ascunde oriunde.

> Any room is good enough for me.

> It can be used in any country.

> Any book that is bought will be wrapped up nicely.> Anybody can see that those flowers are not fresh.

> Anyone who has been there knows how much traff ic ther e is.

> It can be done with anything that is sharp.

> The criminal can be hiding anywhere.

Iat i ultimul exerciiu de traducere din aceast parte a leciei. Traducei propoziiile urmtoare n limba englez:Putile pe care le folosii sunt mai bune dect acestea.

Dintre toate tancurile pe care le-am condus, acesta este cel mai rapid.

Orice bombardier poate fi dobort.Oricine poate nimeri aceast int.

Atacul poate ncepe oriunde.

Dintre toate intele pe care trebuia s le aprm, acesta este cea mai vulnerabil.Dac aliaii notri au nevoie de bombardiere putem s le dm cteva.

Aceste cauciucuri sunt cele mai bune.

Orice msur de aprare ne va ajuta.

Te intereseaz aceste fapte?> The rifles you are using are better than these.

> Of all the tanks I have driven, this is the fastest.

> Any bomber can be brought down.

> Anybody can hit this target.> The attack can start anywhere.

> Of all the targets we have to defend, this is the most vulnerable.> If our allies need bombers, we can give them some.

> These tyres are the best.> Any defensive measure will help.

> Are you interested in these facts? n ncheierea leciei, urmeaz obinuitul exerciiu de pronunie:

Le] [E] [a/] [i]

jet casualties rifle military

defend attack fighter missing

measure carry light civilian

trench tactical time bring

send matter find sink

16


17/21

LECIA 32 - PARTEA A DOUACitii cu atenie urmtorul dialog:

Mary: Every day when you read the morning papers, there is news about all kinds ofwars, isn't it, Peter?Peter: Well, yes. But is it bad? In this way we cannot forget that while we ourselves are living in peace, things are not so good for a lotof other people.

Mary: Why is it that people cannot live peacefully for a longer time?Peter: This question is hard to answer. It must be something deep within us.

Mary: Is there anything we can do about it?Peter: I really don't know. Some people say that we have to destroy all weapons and close the factories that make them.Mary: But things don't workthat way.Barbara: I agree with what Mary just said, and you John?John: There will always be people who will do anything for money.Barbara: I guess so,but other people say that negotiating is the answer. But it often happens that people finish negotiations when it seemsthey are getting less than the others.John: We have to try to be good to otherpeople and in the meantime remember what has often been said: if you want peace you have tobe prepared to fight.Iata-ne ajuni la ultimul exerciiu al cursului. Ca de obicei, traducei i acum propoziiile n limba englez:

El a crezut ca nu vor fi reclamaii, dar au fost patru.

tiu c ideile tale sunt mai bune dect ale mele.A trebuit s cutm port-avioane, dar nu am gsit niciunul.

Mi-am pierdut puca i am luat-o pe a lui Mark.

Nu crede c un tanc poate fi folosit oriunde.

Oricine poate vedea c dumanul va pierde rzboiul.

Oricine poate transporta aceste cartue.>He thought there would be no complaints, but there were four.

> I know your ideas are better than my own.> We had to look for aircraft carriers, but we didn't find any.

>I had lost my own rifle and took Mark's.

> Don't think that a tank can be used anywhere.

> Anybody can see that the enemy is losing the war.> Anybody can carry these cartridges.

17

Orice bombardier cu reacie poate distruge acele tinte.

> Any jet bomber can destroy those targets.Ei au decolat pentru a ataca fabrici de muniie. > They t ook o ff to a ttac k amm uni tion f acto rie s.

Ce s-a decis n legtura cu armele nucleare?

Nu trebuie s folosim bomba atomic.

Aliaii notri au capitulat.Ce arme defensive au bombardierele lor?

Dou avioane ale flotei militare, au disprut dup lupta aerian.Care dintre navele lor este cea mai vulnerabil?S-a tras i asupra avioanelor civile.

Ai observat numrul mare de tunuri anti-aeriene?

Ei au intrat n marina militar.

Acum nu trebuie s-i cutm.Nu sunt cunoscute nc toate faptele legate de acel rzboi.

S-au fcut puine greeli tactice.

Nu-i lsa vorbeasc despre arme!

S-au construit multe avioane n anii aptezeci.Te intereseaz aceste msuri?

> What has been decided about nuclear weapons?

> We mustn't use the atom-bomb.

> Our allies have surrendered.> What defensive weapons have their bombers got?

> Two naval aircraft were missing after the air battle.

> Which of their ships is the most vulnerable?> Also civilian planes were fired at.

> Have you noticed the large number of anti-aircraft guns?

> They have joined the navy.

> We needn't look for them now.> All the facts about that war are not yet known.

> A few tactical mistakes were made.

> Let them not talk about weapons.

> In the 70s (seventies) a lot of aircraft were built.> Are you interested in these measures?

"I had lost my own rifle and took Mark's;17

RECAPITULAREA LECIEI 329

32.1. Alt e cazuri de folosire a genitivului saxon

Genitivul saxon se folosete i naintea substantivelor care exprim timpul i distana, de

exemplu:Did you hear last night's news? - Ai auzit vetile din seara trecut?

There was a two hours' delay. - A fost o ntrziere de dou ore.


18/21

The building was at a mile's distance - Cldirea era la o distan de o mil

from our house. de casa noastr.32.2. Cuvntul any" i formele sale compuse

1. Adjectivul pronominal any" se folosete i n propoziii afirmative. n acest caz nseamn: orice, oricare". Cu ajutorul lui ne putem

referi la obiecte i persoane:

Any child knows the answer - Orice copil tie rspunsulto that question. la ntrebarea asta.

Formele pronominale compuse se folosesc n mod identic: anybody - oricine, oricare

anyone - oricine, oricareanything - oriceanywhere - oriunde, n orice loc

Anybody can tell you that.

You can give it to anyone you meet there.

Those people will do anything for money.You can put that chair anywhere.

- Oricine i poate spune asta.

- Poi s dai asta oricreia dintre persoanele cu care te ntlneti acolo.- Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.

- Poi pune oriunde scaunul acela.

18

TEMA PENTRU ACAS 32A. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romna:

1. A lot of aircraft joined the battle.

2. Your ten minutes' speech was interesting.3. Anybody can tell you about Jane.

4. Have you read yesterday's newspaper?5. We met a lot of hostile people there.

6. I'm afraid it can be anywhere.

B. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:

1. Rzboiul a nceput dup doi ani de pace.2. Ne-am ntors acas nfometai dup patru ore de plimbare.

3. Orice soldat cunoate aceste fapte.

4. ntreab pe oricine!

5. Poi primi orice la micul dejun.6. Voi lua orice carte mi vei mprumuta.

C. Alegei rspunsul corect dintre cele trei variante i completai propoziiile:

1. .. .can tell you where it is.

a. Anybodyb. None

c. Anything2. Aftera... travel we came to Madrid.a. two days

b. two day's

c. two days'

3. The .. .news is very good.a. last week

b. last week's

c. last weeks'

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VOCABULARUL LECIILOR 31 I 32abstract > [EbstrEkt] - abstract

to be afraid of > [tu bi: afre/'d av] - a se teme de, a avea fric de

to agree > [tu agri:] - a accepta, a fi de acord, a fi de aceeaiprere

aircraft > [e a 'k ra : t t ] - avion, avioane

aircraft earner > [ ea rkr a : f t kE na : ] - port-avion

air force >[ ea r fo: ' s ] - for aerian

ally >[Ela/] - aliat

ammunition > [Em/unin] - muniie

anti-aircraft gun > [anti ea'kra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian


19/21

any > [eni] - orice, oricare

anybody > [enibodi] - oricine, oricare

anyone > [eniuanj - oricine, oricare

anything > [eniTsin'='j - orice

anywhere >[emuear] - n orice loc, oriunde

to arm > [tu a:'m] - a narma, a se narma

armoured >[a:'ma'd] - blindat, armat

army > [a:rmi] - armat

atom-bomb > [ Etm bom] - bomb atomic

attack >[fEk] - atac, asalt

to attack >[tu tEk ] - a ataca, a asalta

battle >[bEtl] btlie, lupt

to bomb > [tu bom] - a bombarda

bomber > [born1] - borbardier, avion de bombardament

to bring down > [tu brin(g) daun] - a dobor (un avion etc.)

to carry >[tukEri] - a duce, a transporta

cartridge > [ka:'tridj] - cartu

casualties > [kEj/ualtiz] - pierderi, victime

civilian > [sivihan] - civil

to complain > [tu kmple/'n] - a se plnge, a reclama

19

complaint

concrete to decide decisive to defend defensive to destroy to disagree enemy fact

to fightfighter

to fire (at)

hostile

ideaincident

to be interested in jet

to join liveluggage

matter

to matter

measuresmilitary

missing

mistake

mustn'tnaval

> [kmple/nt]

> [konkri.t]

> [tu disa/d]> [disa/siv]

> [tudifend]

> [difensiv]> [tu distro/]> [tu disgri:]


20/21

> [enmi] >[fEkt] >[tufa/t]

> [ fa/ta r]> [tu fa/a1']

> [hosta/l]

> [a/dia]

> [insidnt]> [tu bi: intrstid in]

> [djet]

> [tu djo/n]> [la/v]> [lagidj]

> [mEt r] >[tumEt r]

> [mej rz]

> [militri]> [misin ,g l]

> [miste/k]

> [masnt]> [ne/vl]

- nemulumire, plngere, reclamaie

- concret, palpabil

- a decide, a hotr- hotrtor, decisiv

- a apra

- defensiv, de aprare

- a distruge, a drmaa nu fi de acord, a nu accepta duman, inamic fapt, ntmplare a (se) lupta, a se bate cu lupttor, avion de vntoare a trage (cu o arm)

ostil; inamic idee

incident, ntmplare a(se)interesa de avion cu reacie a se uni, a se asocia viu, intens bagaj

chestiune, problem, treaba conta, a avea importan

msuri, dispoziii

militardisprut

greeal, eroare

a nu avea voie, a nu fi permis, a fi interzis

naval, maritim20

navy

ne e dn ' t

t o no : i ; e

nuc l e a r ob j e c t

objective

peacepeaceful

presently

to receive

rifleto sink

soldier

space

space travelsubmarine

to surrender

tacticalto take off

tanktarget

trenchurgent

vulnerable (to) war

weapon> " I 17.'

> ! u n u t i s ]

> [n/u:kli r]> [obdjikt]

> [bdjektiv]

> [pi:s]

> [pi:sial]> [prezntli]

> [turisi:v]

> [ra/fl]

> [tusin^k]> [suldj r]

> [spe/s]


21/21

> [spe/s trEvl]

> [sabmrkn]> [ tu srend r]

> [tEktikl]

> [tu te/k of]

> [tEn ( 8 >k]> [ta: rgit]

> [trent]

> [: rdjnt]> [valnrbl]> [uo:r]

> [uepn]

flot maritim, marin militar

- nu trebuie, nu e cazul- a observa, a bga n seam

- nuclear

obiect, scop obiectiv, neprtinitor pacepanic, calm, linitit imediat, ndat a primi, a lua puc

a (se) scufunda soldat

spaiu, univers cltorie n spaiu submarin

a capitula, a se preda tactica decola, a-i lua zborul

tanc

int

traneuurgent

vulnerabil

rzboi

arm21

Engleza Pt Incepatori 31 Si 32

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