Engleza Pt Incepatori 17 Si 18

7/30/2019 Engleza Pt Incepatori 17 Si 18

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RECAPITULAREPronumele negativ no, nobody, nothing:I have no time now. Nobody came to visit us. I have nothing.

Acum nu am timp.Nu a venit nimeni s ne viziteze.

Nu am nimic.

2. There is/there are:There is a car in the street.There are some dogs in the garden.

- Este o maina n strada.

- Sunt civa cini n grdin.3. Prepoziia for exprima durata aciunii: I haven't seen him for a week.Nu l-am vzut de o sptmn.

Prepoziia since indica momentul din trecut n care a nceput aciunea:She hasn't met him since last year. - Ea nu s-a ntlnit cu el de anul trecut.4. Construciile as... as i not so... as folosite as... asnot so... as

My car is as expensive as yours. He is not as old as me.

u compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:- la fel, aa de,... tot aa de (n propoziie afirmativ)

- nu aa... ca i (n propoziie negativ), nu att

- Maina mea este la fel de scump ca i a ta.

- Nu e aa de btrn ca mine. Nu are aceeai vrst ca mine.

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LECIA 17 - PARTEA NTI9

S ncepem lecia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Citii-le cu voce tare i urmrii traducerea lor n limba romn:

job > [djob] - munc, ocupaie, slujb

wages > [ue/djiz] - salariu

raise > [re/z] - mrire, cretere (a salariului)

labourer

unemployment

> [le/brr]

> [animplo/mnt]

- muncitor

- omaj

colleague > [koli:g] - coleg

trade-union > [trez'd /u:nin] - sindicat

member > [membr] - membru

negotiations > [niguie/nz] - negocieri

employee > [emplo/i:] - angajat, salariat

strike > [stra/k] - grev

management > [mEnidjmnt] - conducere, administraie

S exersm aceleai cuvinte, dar ntr-o alt ordine:

strike > [stra/k] - grev

member > [membr] membru

raise > [re/z] - mrire, cretere (a salariului)

unemployment > [animplo/mnt] - omaj

wages > [ue/djiz] - salariu


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job > [djob] - munc, ocupaie, slujb

management > [mEnidjmnt] - conducere, administraie

trade-union > [tre/d /u:nin] - sindicat

employee > [emplo/i:] - angajat, salariat

labourer > [le/brr] - muncitor

negotiations > [niguie/nz] - negocieri

colleague > [koli:g]

2 ..

- coleg

lata cuvintele noi n propoziii:I have many colleagues.The negotiations will be tomorrow.

We are waiting for the management.

He has lost his job.The employees want to talk.

I got a raise yesterday.

He is a member of a trade-union.

We have great unemployment in Romania.They are talking about the last strike.

Do you think my wages are high?

Is he a labourer in this factory?

>[a/ hEv meni koli:gz]>[Dz nigauie/nz uil bi: tamoru]

>[ui:a:rueitin(g) fo:rDz mEnidjmnt]

>[hi: hEz lost hiz djob]

>[Dz emplo/i.z uont tu to.k]

>[a/ got re/z /estrde/]>[hi: iz membr v tre/d /u:nin]

>[ui: hEv gre/t animplo/mnt in ru:me/nia]>[Dze/ a:rto:kin,g baut Dz la:st stra/k]

>[du zu: Tsin


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coleg > colleague

angajat > employee

salariu > wages

conducere > management

membru > member

muncitor > labourer

omaj > unemployment

sindicat > trade-union

salariu > wages

negocieri > negotiations

grev > strike

mrire a salariului > raise

administraie > management

Gramatica leciei se refer la utilizarea timpului trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense).Acest timp se folosete pentru a descrie o aciunecare s-a desfurat naintea unei alte aciuni trecute, aceasta din urm exprimndu-se cu timpulSimple Past (trecutul simplu).Complementele circumstaniale utilizate cu Past Perfect Tensesunt:afterbefore>[a:ftr] >[bifo:r] dupa, dup aceea, dup ce, ulteriornainte de, naintea, dinaintea

Urmrii structura propoziiei: Subiect + verb auxiliarShe Theyhad had

+ forma a Ill-aa verbului principalreadbuilt this book . the house.

lata cum este folosit Past Perfect Tense n propoziii:

I had eaten breakfast before I went to work.

>[a/ hEd i:tn brekfast bifo:rai uent tu u:rk]Am luat micul dejun nainte de a merge la lucru.

After the employees had got >[a:ftrDzi emplo/i:z hEd got - Dup ce salariaii au obinut o a raise they started to work. re/z Dze/ sta:rtid

tu u:rk] mrire de salariu, au nceput

s lucreze.3

Before I visited my mother > [bifo: ra/ vizitid ma; maDzr - nainte de a o vizita pe mama

I had bought her flowers. a/hEd bo:t h: r flaurz] i-am cumprat flori.She went to bed after she > [i: uent tu bed a:ftr i: - Ea s-a dus la culcare dup ce

had watched that film. hEd uott DzEt film] s-a uitat la filmul acela.

Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:nainte de a cumpra aceast main am lucrat mult timp ntr-o banc.Dup ce s-a ntors acas el a mncat nite pine.

Am ncercat aceast hain nainte de a o cumpra.

Ea a nceput s se ngrijoreze dup ce a primit aceast scrisoare.

> Before I bought this car I had worked in a bank for a long time.> After he had returned home he ate some bread.

> I had tried on this coat before I bought it.

> She started to worry after she had got this letter.

Iat acum cteva verbe noi. Reinei traducerea lor:to negotiate > [tu niguiez't] - a negocia, a duce tratative

to raise > [tu re/z] - a spori, a mri

to apply for > [tu apia/ fo:r] - a cere, a solicita

to earn > [tu :r

n] - a ctiga (bani prin munc)


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to reduce > [tu rid/u:s] - a reduce, a micora

to fire > [tu fa/r] - a concedia

Sa exersm verbele i ntr-o alt ordine:to apply for > [tu api ai fo:r] - a cere, a solicita

to reduce > [tu rid/u:s] - a reduce, a micora

to fire >[tufa/r] - a concedia

to negotiate > [tu niguie/t] - a negocia, a duce tratative

to earn > [tu :rn] - a ctiga (bani prin munc)

to raise > [tu re/z] - a spori, a mri

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Sa introducem noile verbe n propoziii:

I think we must raise wages.Yes, our employees have already applied for this.

They say they earn to little.

We will negotiate it with them.The management wants to fire a hundred of them.But remember we must reduce unemployment.

How can we do it if they want to fire people?

> [a; Tsin(g,kui: mast rez'z "ez'djiz]

> [z'es auremplozlz hEv o:lredi plaz'd fo:r Dzis]> [Dzei se;Dzez:rn tu: litl]

> [ui: uil nigauiert it uiDz DzEm]

> [Dz mEnidjmnt uontstu fair handrid ov Dzem]

> [bat rimemb1ui: mast rid/u:s animplo/mnt]

> [hau kEn ui: du: it if Dze/ uont tu fazrpi:pl]

- Cred ca trebuie sa mrim salariile.- Da, salariaii notri au solicitat deja asta.

- Ei spun c ei ctig prea puini bani.

- Vom negocia asta cu ei.

Conducerea vreas concedieze o sut dintre ei.

Amintete-i ns c trebuie s reducem omajul.

Cum putem s facem asta dac ei vor s concedieze oameni?

Completai urmtoarele propoziii cu verbele corespunztoare:nainte de a reduce omajul ei au construit fabrici noi.

Ne vor mri salariile?

Ci muncitori au concediat deja?

nainte de a solicita o slujb nou, am lucrat ntr-un birou.Ei ctig mai puin dect prinii notri?

Nu vom negocia aici.

- Before they > reduced unemployment they had built new factories.- Will they > raise our wages?

- How many labourers have they already > fired?

- Before I >applied fora new job I had worked in an office.

- Do they > earn less than our parents?- We will not > negotiate here.

S vedem cum se formeaz interogativul i negativul la Past Perfect Tense.Propoziia interogativ se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii subiectului i a verbului auxiliar: They had been here before I came.

Had they been here before I came? > [hEd D zez bi:n hiar bifo:r az kez'm]He had bought a book before he went home.

Had he bought a book before he went home? > [hEd hi: bo:t buk bifo: 1 hi: uent hum]

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Rspunsul afirmativ seformeaz cu ajutorul adverbului yes, al pronumelui personal i al verbului auxiliarhad.Negaia se compune din:cuvntulno,pronumele personal, verbul auxiliarhadi adverbulnot.Structura had notpoate fi prescurtat hadn't [hEdnt].Iat cteva exemple:Had you been here before I came?

Yes, I had. No, I had not. No, I hadn't.

Had he written the letter before he went to the post-office?

Yes, he had. No, he had not. No, he hadn't.

> [ ies ai h Ed]

> [nu ai hEd not]

> [nau az hEdnt]

> [ies hi: hEd]> [nu hi: hEd not]


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> [nu hi: hEdnt]

n exerciiul urmtor formulai ntrebri, rspunsuri afirmative i negative la urmtoarele propoziii:They had seen this film before we visited them.

He had been in England before he returned.

They had applied for the job before I started to work there.

> Had they seen this film before we visited them?- Yes, >they had.

- No, >they hadn't.

> Had he been in England before he returned?- Yes, >he had.- No, >he hadn't.

> Had they applied for the job before I started to work there?

- Yes, >they had.

- No, >they hadn't.

Construcia negativ hadn'tse poate folosi i n propoziii afirmative:They hadn't seen Mary before > [D7ei hEdnt si:n meri - Ei n-au vzut-o pe Maria nainte

she visited them. bifo:ri: vizitid Dzem] ca ea s-i fi vizitat.They hadn't known > [ Dzez hEdnt nun baut - Nu au tiut despre asta nainte

about it before I told them. it bifo: r a; told Dzem] ca eu s le fi spus.

Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:

Ai fost aici nainte de a se ntmpla asta? > Had you been here before it happened?Dup ce m-am sculat m-am dus n buctrie. > After I had got up I went to the kitchen.

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Nu am vzut acest tablou nainte de a sosi aici.

Ai ncercat s negociezi nainte ca ei s te concedieze?Dup ce administraia le-a mrit salariile, angajaii au fost foarte bucuroi.

Nu m-am gndit la asta nainte s fi citit aceast carte.

> I hadn't seen this picture before I arrived here.

> Had you tried to negotiate before they fired you?> After the management had raised wages the employees were very glad.

> I hadn't thought about it before I read this book.

Sa nvm alte cteva cuvinte noi. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la pronunie:contents oats

proceeds

riches

thankssurroundings

savings

> [kontents]

> [uts]

> [prousi:dz]> [ritiz]

> [TsEnks]

> [saraundin(g,z]> [se/vin(g)z]

- cuprins, coninut

- ovz- ctig (dintr-o activitate)

- avere, bogie

- mulumiri, recunotin

- mprejurimi, vecintate- economii (bani economisii)

Cuvintele nvate anterior sunt la plural, la fel ca i cuvntul wagespe care l cunoatem deja.Repetai cuvintele noi ntr-o ordine diferita:

proceedscontents

thankssurroundings

oatssavings

riches

> [prousi:dz]> [kontents]

> [TsEn [saraundinz]

> [uts]> [se/vin^z]

> [ritiz]

- ctig (dintr-o activitate)

- cuprins, coninut- mulumiri, recunotin

- mprejurimi, vecintate

- ovz- economii (bani economisii)- avere, bogie


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Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:

Unde este cuprinsul acestei cri? > Where are the contents of this book?Cailor le place s mnnce ovz. > Horses like to eat oats.

Ce ctig anual ai? > What proceeds have you every year?

mi in economiile acas. > I keep my savings at home.

Cum i-a ctigat el averea? > How has he earned his riches?Le-am transmis mulumirile mele. mprejurimile sunt frumoase.

> I gave them my thanks.

> These are nice surroundings.Iar acum sa recapitulam aceasta parte a leciei rezolvnd urmtorul exerciiu. Traducei propoziiile n limba englez:Te-ai ntlnit deja cu salariaii noi? > Have you already met the new employees?

nainte de a-1 cunoate pe John am lucrat cu Peter. > Before I met John I had worked with Peter.

Coninutul acestei cutii este interesant.

Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuie s obinem mrirea salariilor.El a cumprat o cas nou dup ce a nceput s ctige mai mult.

El ctig prea puin ca s i economiseasc.

Ai mai lucrat nainte de-a solicita aceast slujb?Muncitorii notri sunt membri ai sindicatului de cinci ani.

Dup grev conducerea a concediat muli angajai.

Trebuie s facem ceva ca s reducem omajul.

> The contents of this box are interesting.> The negotiations will be very difficult, but we must get a raise.

> He bought a new house after he had started to earn more.

> His earns too little to have savings.

> Have you ever worked before you applied for this job?> Our labourers have been members of a trade-union for five years.

> After the strike the management fired many employees.

> We must do something to reduce unemployment.

I keep my savings at home."6

LECIA 17 - PARTEA A DOUAS continum lecia nvnd o serie de cuvinte noi legate de cumpraturi. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la pronunie:

supermarket > [su:prma:rkit] - supermarket

trolley > [troli] - crucior

customer > [kastmr] - cumprtor, client

shop-assistant > [op sistnt] - vnztor, vnztoare

receipt > [risi:t] - chitan

shopping-list > [opin(s>list] - list de cumprturi

cash-desk > [kE desk] - cas (ntr-un magazin)

shop-window > [op uindu] - vitrin

exit > [egzit] - ieire

bargain > [ba:rgin] - vnzare la un pre favorabil,

chilipir, afacere

discount > [diskaunt] - reducere de preuri

sales > [se/lz] - vnzare, reduceri, vnzarea

soldurilor

shopping-bag > [sopin(s bEg] - saco de cumprturi

Iar acum recitii cuvintele cu voce tare, ntr-o alt ordine:

shopping-list > [opin list] - list de cumprturi

shop-window > [op uindu] - vitrin

supermarket > [su:prma:rkit] - supermarket


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sales > [se/lz] - vnzare, reduceri, vnzarea

soldurilor

exit > [egzit] - ieire

bargain > [ba:rgin] - vnzare la un pre favorabil,chilipir, afacere

shopping-bag > [opin [diskaunt] - reducere de preuri

receipt > [risi:t] - chitan

customer > [kastmr] - cumprtor, client

shop-assistant > [op sistnt] - vnztor, vnztoare

cash-desk > [kE desk] - cas (ntr-un magazin)

trolley > [troli] - crucior

7Sa folosim cuvintele noi n propoziii:

Have you already been > [hEv z'u: o:lredi bi:n - Ai fost deja n

in the new supermarket? in Dza m'u: su:parma:rkit] noul supermarket?

Yes, they have a lot of > [z'es Dzez hEv a lot av - Da, au foarte

customers there. kastamarz Dzear] muli cumprtori.

You can take a trolley > [z'u: kEn tez'k a troli - Poi s iei un crucior

in this supermarket. in Dzis su:parma:rkifj n acest supermarket.

Oh, yes. And they often > [au z'es End Dzez ofn - Da. i au des reduceri.

have sales. hEv sez'lz]

Yesterday I bought a lot of > [z'estardez az' bo:t a lot av - Ieri am cumprat o mulime

things at discount. Tsin(g)z Et diskaunt] de lucruri la pre redus.

It was a great bargain. > [it uoz a grez't ba:rgin] - A fost o adevrat afacere.

My shopping-bag was full, > [mai sopin(g) bEg uaz ful - Sacoa mea era plin

and I didn't spend End az didnt spend i nu am cheltuit

too much money. tu: mats mani] prea muli bani.

And the shop-assistants are > [End Dza sop asistants a:r - i vnztorii sunt gata

always ready to help you. o:luez'z redi tu help z'u:] ntotdeauna s te ajute.

You can always get a receipt > [z'u: kEn o:luezz get a risi:t - Poi obine ntotdeauna

at the cash-desk. Et Dza kEs desk] o chitan la cas.

You can also give the > [z'u: kEn olsau giv Dza - Poi, de asemenea, s-i dai

shop-assistant your sop asistant z'o:r vnztoarei lista ta

shopping-list and wait sopin(g) list End uez't de cumprturi i

near the exit. niar Dzi egzit] s atepi lng ieire.

She will bring you > [si: uil brin,g) z'u: - Ea i va aduce

your shopping. z'o:r sopinlg)] cumprturile.

And they always have > [End Dzez o:luezz hEv - i au ntotdeauna


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beautiful shop-windows. bz'u:tifal sop "indauz] vitrine minunate.

Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez cu cuvintele corespunztoare:

Cte case avei n magazin? - How many >cash-desks have youin the shop?

mi place s cumpr la vnzarea soldurilor. -1 Iove to buy at >sales.

Cruciorul meu este plin. - My >trolley is full.Am doar o saco pentru cumprturi. -1 have only one >shopping-bag.8Acest supermarket este cel mai bun din oraul nostru.

Aici sunt patru ieiri.

Acest vnztor este foarte drgu.

Muli cumprtori pleac acum.Am pierdut chitana.

Aceast cas este la un pre foarte bun.

Ai fcut deja lista de cumprturi?

n vitrin este un radio drgu.Facem mari reduceri.

- This Supermarket is the best in our town.

- There are four >exits here.- This >shop-assistant is very nice.

- Many >customers are leaving now. -1 have lost the >receipt.

- This house is a >bargain.

- Have you already made the >shopping-list?- There is a nice radio in the >shop-window. -We give large >discounts.

Traducei n limba engleza urmtoarele cuvinte:

vnzare la pre favorabil, afacere saco (de cumprturi) vitrin

vnztor, vnztoare ieirelist de cumprturi reducere de preuri crucior

vnzarea soldurilor, reduceri cumprtor

> bargain

> shopping-bag> shop-window

> shop-assistant

> exit> shopping-list

> discount

> trolley

> sales> customer

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chitan

cas (ntr-un magazin) supermarket> receipt

> cash-desk

> supermarket

Desigur v mai amintii de pronumele some (ctva, civa, ceva, nite, unii, puin):I have somebooks. - Am cteva cri.I have some sugar. - Am ceva zahr.La forma negativa i interogativa n locul lui some se folosete pronumele anyfeni].Acest pronume se folosete n urmtoarele cazuri: la singular i la plural, cu substantive care au plural i cu cele care nu au form la plural i

n propoziii interogative i negative (n unele cazuri i n cele afirmative).

Iat cteva exemple:

Have you any bread at home? > [hEv iu : eni bred Et hum] - Ai (nite) pine acas?

Has she any coffee? > [hEz i: em kofi] - Ea are (nite) cafea?Have they any children? > [hEv Dzei eni tildrn] - Au copii?

Have we any tea at home? > [hEv ui: eni ti: Et hum] _ Avem (nite) ceai acas?

In limba englez pronumele any nupoate fi omis din propoziiile interogative. In limba romn traducerea acestui cuvnt nu estenecesar. Uneori se traduce totui, mai ales cnd se refer la cantiti mici (vezi exemplele anterioare).Punei la forma interogativ urmtoarele propoziii:

He saw some cars. > Did he see any cars?

My parents have some friends. > Have my parents any friends?Her sister has some good books. > Has her sister any good books?

Mary has some customers in her shop. > Has Mary any customers in her shop?

Dac rspundem afirmativ la ntrebarea n care apare pronumele any, atunci rspunsul poate cuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a fewi/sau alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate.Have you any receipts? Has she any milk? Have they any cars? Have you any trolleys?

Yes, I have some. Yes, she has a little. Yes, they have a lot of cars. Yes, we have a few.

- Da, am cteva.

- Da, (ea) are puin.

- Da, au o mulime de maini.- Da, avem cteva.

8


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Dac rspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi dou construcii:

Have you any receipts?Have you any time?

Have they any

money

- No, I haven't any receipts.- No, I haven't any time.

- No, they haven't any money.

- No, I have no receipts.Nu am chitana.No, I have no time. - Nu am timp.

- No, they have no money.

Nu au bani.

P S^^^I^u uitai ca not any i no nseamn acelai lucru - a nu avea deloc. Traducei propoziiile urmtoare n limba englez. n cazulnegaiilor folosii ambele forme:

Au civa cini.

Nu avem tablouri (nici un tablou). Ai cini?Nu vd oameni aici (pe nimeni). Am puin unt.

Nu cunosc dactilografe (nici o dactilograf).

> They have some/a few dogs.

> We haven't any pictures.> We have no pictures.

> Have you any dogs?

> I see no people here.

> I don't see any people here.> I have some/a little butter.

> I know no typists.

> I don't know any typists.

Iat alte cteva cuvinte noi. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la pronunie:important > [important] - important, semnificativ

satisfied (with) > [sEtisfa/d] - satisfcut, mulumit (de)

hardly > [ha:rdli] - abia, mai deloc, prea puin

hardly any > [ha.'dli eni] - abia, puin/un pic

hardly ever > [ h a :1 d 1 i e va'] - nu prea, mai niciodat, foarte

true > [tru:] - adevrat

even > [i:vn] - chiar, pn i, nici mcar

How much is...? > [hau mats iz] -Ct cost...?

cash > [kEs] - bani ghea, bani n numerar

unskilled > [anskild] - necalificat

useful > [/u.sfl] folositor

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Acum repetai cuvintele ntr-o ordine diferita:

true >[tru:] - adevrat

unskilled >[anskild] - necalificat

hardly ever >[ha:rdli evar] - nu prea, mai niciodat, foarte rar

useful >[ zu : sfai] - folositor

How much is...? > [hau mats iz] - Ct cost...?

hardly any >[ha:rdli eni] - abia, puin/un pic

satisfied (with) >[sEtisfa/d] - satisfcut, mulumit (de)


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necalificat > unskilled

mai niciodat > hardly ever

satisfcut (de) > satisfied with

adevrat > true

pn i > even

bani ghea > cash

Acum s nvm formele compuse ale pronumelui some:something >[samTsin[sambadi] -cineva

somewhere >[samuer] -undevalata cteva exemple:

I have something to tell you.

It must be somewhere.

Somebody is standing near our car.

> [ai hEv samTsinlg> tu tel iu:]> [it mast bi: samuer]

> [sambadi iz stEndin(g' nia1 auar ka:1]

Am ceva s-i spun.Trebuie s fie undeva.

Cineva st lng maina noastr.

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n propoziiile interogative n locul lui somese folosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any:Do you know anybody here? > [du iu: nu enibadi hir] - Cunoti pe cineva aici?

Did he give you anything? > [did hi: giv iu: eniTsin(g)] - i-a dat ceva?

Do you see Mary anywhere? > [du iu: si: meri eniuer] - O vezi undeva pe Maria?

Dac rspunsul este negativ, atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvntului any, iar verbul din propoziie va fi la forma negativ. Cndfolosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va fi la forma afirmativ. Nu uitai c n limba englez nu exist dubl negaie.Sa exemplificam explicaia ai

Do you know anybody here? No, I don Y know anybody here.No, I know nobody here.

Did he give you anything? No, he didn't give me anything.

No, he gave me nothing.

Do you see Mary anywhere? No, I don't see her anywhere.

No, I see her nowhere.> [nau a; dunt nu enibadi hi r]

> [nu a/' nu nubadi hir]

> [nu hi: didnt giv mi: eniTsin(s]> [nu hi: ge/v mi: naTsm]> [nau a; dunt si: h:reniuer]

> [nu ai si: h:r nuuer]

- Nu cunosc pe nimeni aici.- Nu mi-a dat nimic.

- Nu o vad nicieri.

Traducei n limba englez urmtoarele propoziii. Nu vreau s vorbesc cu nimeni.Le-ai vzut undeva pe aceste fete? Nu-mi place de nimeni.

Poate cineva s plteasc cu bani ghea? Sora mea este undeva n Anglia. Acest om nu iubete pe nimeni.

Ai ntlnit acolo pe cineva important?

tru propoziiile negative folosii ambele structuri:> I don't want to talk to anybody.

> I want to talk to nobody.

> Have you seen these girls anywhere?

> I don't like anybody.> I like nobody.

> Can anybody pay in cash?

> My sister is somewhere in England.

> This man doesn't love anybody.> This man loves nobody.

> Did you meet anybody important there?

11Iar acum sa recapitulam ntreaga lecie. Traducei

Colegii notri solicit o mrire de salariu.

Trebuie s reducem omajul n Romnia.

Salariaii i conducerea se ntlnesc mine s negocieze salariile.Membrii sindicatului nostru ctig mai mult.

Ci muncitori au concediat n ultima vreme?

Ai vzut ceva interesant n mprejurimi?

Ctigul lui este foarte mare.nainte de a cumpra aceast carte m-am interesat de coninutul ei.

Sptmna viitoare vor fi reduceri n supermarketul nostru.


12/26

Vei primi chitana la cas.

Clienii notri sunt ntotdeauna satisfcui de cumprturile avantajoase.nainte de a merge la cumprturi am scris o list de cumprturi.

Pot s primesc o reducere?

Ai ceas acas?

Nu prea ascult muzic.Ct cost aceast fust?

Nu voi spune nimnui despre asta.

Dup ce am nceput lucrul a venit John.urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:> Our colleagues are applying for a raise.

> We must reduce unemployment in Romania.

> The employees and the management are meeting tomorrow to negotiate wages.

> The members of our trade-union earn more.> How many labourers have they recently fired?

> Have you seen anything interesting in the surroundings?

> His proceeds are very high.> Before I bought this book I had asked about its contents.

> There will be sales in our supermarket next week.

> You will get the receipt at the cash-desk.

> Our clients are always satisfied with their bargains.> Before I went shopping I had written a shopping-list.

> Can I get a discount?

> Have you any clock at home?

> I hardly ever listen to music.> How much is this skirt?

> I won't tell anybody about it.

> 1 will tell nobody about it.

> After I had started work John came.Urmeaz un exerciiu de pronunie. Literele accentuate din fiecare coloana desemneaz sunete identice:

[E] to] [u:] [efl

cash trolley true salescat job blue day

hat clock do pay

can sock boot say

12

RECAPITULAREA LECIEI 1717.1. The Past Perfect Tense - timpul trecut perfect 17.1.1. Utilizarel folosim n cazul a dou aciuni din trecut, pentru a indica aciunea care s-a petrecut mai devreme. Acest timp indic faptul c prima

aciune s-a terminat deja. Cea de-a doua aciune se exprim cu timpul Simple Past.Complementele circumstaniale cel mai des utilizate alturi de acest timp sunt:after before

17.1.2. Construcia propoziiei:

subiect + verb

auxiliar- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior

- nainte, n fat, dinaintea

forma a IlI-a a verbului principal

readbuilt

this book ... the house ...

She had

They had17.1.3. Formarea interogativului

Interogativul se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii subiectului i a verbului auxiliar: They had been here before I came. - Had they been here

before I came?17.1.4. Rspunsuri afirmative i negative

Rspunsurile afirmative se alctuiesc cu ajutorul adverbului yes", a pronumelui personal i a verbului auxiliar had". Negaiile se formeaz

cu ajutorul cuvntului de negaie no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar had" i a adverbului

not".Expresia had not" se prescurteaz hadn't": Had you been here before I came? - Yes, I had.

- No, I had not.

- No, I hadn't.

17.1.5. Structura negativ hadn't" se poate folosi i n propoziii afirmative:They hadn't seen Mary before she visited them.

Nu au vazut-o pe Maria nainte ca ea s-i fi vizitat.

17.2. Urmtoarele cuvinte apar de obicei la plural:

contents oatsproceeds

riches

thanks

surroundingssavings

wages coninut, cuprins ovz


13/26

ctig (dintr-o activitate) avere, bogie mulumiri, recunotin mprejurimi, vecintate economii, bani pui de o parte salariu

1317.3. Some, any, no"

1 have some books. - Am cteva cri.

I have some sugar. - Am ceva/puin zahr.

n propoziiile interogative n locul lui some" folosim adverbul any".Acest adverb se folosete alturi de substantive care au sau nu au plural; att la singular i plural.

Have you any bread at home? - Ai acas pine?

Has she any friends? - Ea are vreun prieten?n cazul unui rspuns negativ, se folosesc dou structuri:Have you any receipts? No, I haven't any receipts. - Nu, nu am chitane.No, I have no receipts.

Reinei c not any" i no" nseamn acelai lucru nici un, nici o, a nu avea deloc".

17.4. Formele compuse ale lui some, any, no"something - ceva

somebody ' - cineva

somewhere - undevan propoziii interogative n locul lui some" folosim formele compuse ale lui any": Do you know anybody here? - Cunoti pe cineva aici?

n cazul unui rspuns negativ se folosesc formele compuse ale lui any" iar verbul are form negativ, sau formele compuse ale lui no" i

verbul la forma afirmativ:

Do you know anybody No, I don't know - Nu cunosc pe nimeni aici.here? anybody here.

No, 1 know nobody here.

13

TEMA PENTRU ACAS 17A. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romna:1. Have you read anything about that accident?

2. I had stopped smoking before I started to work in this office.

3. Before they fired the unskilled labourers they had talked to them.

4. Do you know the contents of this book?5. Did you get a receipt at the cash-desk in that supermarket?

6. Do these shop-assistants get higher wages than the management?

B. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:

1. Ce crezi despre fratele lui?2. Ai ceva bani pui de o parte?

3. Nu am vzut pe nimeni n acest parc.

4. nainte de a m uita la film, am but o ceac de cafea cu mama.

5. Pot gsi oriunde asemenea farfurii?6. Cineva tie c nu lucrezi aici.

C. Corectai greelile din urmtoarele propoziii:1. I haven't seen nobody in the street.2. I was at school before I returned home.

3. This surroundings are very nice.

4. My mother has any friends.

5. He can't hardly cook dinner.6. They just took a trolley.

13

LECIA 18 - PARTEA NTI9

S ncepem lecia cu noile cuvinte care definesc articole de uz casnic. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la pronunie:

towel > [taul] - prosop

bucket > [bakit] - gleat

fridge > [fridj] - frigider

mop > [mop] - crp de ters pe jos

sink > [sink] - chiuvet

tile > [ta/TJ plac de faian/teracot

gas-cooker > [gEs kukr] - aragaz

tap > [tEp] - robinet

cupboard > [kabd] - dulap de buctrie

rubbish-bin > [rabi bin] - lad de gunoi


14/26

saucepan > [so:spEn] - crati

oven > [ovn] - cuptor

Iar acum repetai-le ntr-o alt ordine:

tap > [tEp] - robinet

oven > [ovn] cuptor

fridge > [fndj] - frigider

tile > [tail] - plac de faian/teracot

gas-cooker > [gEs kukar] - aragaz

saucepan > [so:spEn] - crati

sink > [sin^k] - chiuvet

bucket > [bakit] - gleat

cupboard > [kabd] - dulap de buctrie

towel > [taul] - prosop

rubbish-bin > [rabi bin] - lad de gunoi

mop > [mop] - crp de ters pe jos

14Sa introducem noile cuvinte n propoziii:

I want to change something in the kitchen.

I will put the fridge near the door.These cupboards will hang on the walls.

And I want to have tiles on the wall over the sink.

I think we can also change the tap.

We will buy a new gas-cooker and an electric oven.> [ a/ uont tu te/ndj samTsin(g) in Dz kitn]

> [a; uil put Dz fridj nirDz do:r]

> [Dzi:skabdzuilhEn [ End a1uont tu hEv ta/lz on Dz uol uvr Dz sin^k]> [a/Tsin,g)kui:kEnolsu temdj Dz tEp]

> [ui: uilba/n/u: gEs kukr End n ilektrik ovn]

Vreau s schimb ceva n buctrie.

Voi pune frigiderul lng u.Aceste dulapuri vor fi agate pe perei.

i vreau s am faian pe perete deasupra chiuvetei.

Cred c putem schimba i robinetul.

Vom cumpra un aragaz nou i un cuptor electric.The rubbish-bin and the bucket with the mop can be put here.

And the towel can be hanged near the sink.

And what about the saucepans?I must think about it.

> [Dz rabi bin End Dza bakit uiDz Dz mop kEn bi put hir]

> [EndDztaulkEnbi hEn(sd nirDz sin(g>k]

> [End uot baut Dza so:spEnz]Coul de gunoi i gleata cu crpa de ters pe jos pot fi puse aici.

Iar prosopul poate fi agat lng chiuvet.

Si ce facem cu cratitele?

> [a; mast Tsin(g)k baut it] - Trebuie sa ma gndesc la asta.14

Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:

Curm podeaua cu crpa de ters pe jos. Ia coul de gunoi.

De unde pot procura robinete mari? Este ceva n gleata aceea. Frigiderul nostru este vechi. Trebuie s cumprm un aragaz nou. Farfuriile

murdare sunt n chiuvet, mi place faiana din acest magazin. Aceast crati nu este suficient de mare. Caut ceaiul n acest dulap. Aiprosoape curate? Ct cost acest cuptor?

- We clean the floor with a >mop.


15/26

- Take the >rubbish-bin.

- Where can I get big >taps?- There is something in that >bucket.

- Our >fndge is old.

- We must buy a new > gas-cooker

- Dirty plates are in the >sink.- I like the >tiles in this shop.

- This >saucepan js not big enough.

- Look for the tea in this > cupboard.- Have you any clean >towels?- How much is this >oven?

Verificai n ce msura ai reuit sa va nsuii cuvintele noi. Traducei n limba englez urmtoarele cuvinte i expresii:

co de gunoi

cuptor, main de gtitprosop

crp de ters pe jos

dulaparagaz

crati

robinet

chiuvetfaian

gleat

frigider

> rubbish-bin> oven

> towel

> mop

> cupboard> gas-cooker

> saucepan

> tap> sink

> tile

> bucket

> fridge

n continuare vom nva regulile de formare a adverbelor. Adverbele se pot forma din adjective, prin adugarea terminaiei -ly:beautiful

- minunat beautifully >[b/u:tifli]- minunat, splendid

n acelai mod, putem forma adverbe din substantive care exprima timpul:month week

day

- lun- sptmn

- zi

monthly weeklydaily

>[manTsli] >[ui:kli]

>[ de/li]

Atenie: n cuvntuldaily litera ys-a transformat n i!lunar, n fiecare lun

sptmnal,

n fiecare sptmn

zilnic, n fiecare zi15

Aceast schimbare intervine i dac litera y este precedat de o consoan:easy -uor easily >[i:zili] - uor, cu uurin

n multe cazuri, adjectivul i adverbul se traduc prin acelai cuvnt n limba romn. Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez cuadverbele corespunztoare:

Ea cnt minunat. Trenul merge foarte ncet. El a spus asta foarte trist. Trebuie s vorbim cu ei politicos. Acest copil scrie groaznic.

- She sings >beautifully- The train is going very >slowly

- He said it very >sadly

- We must talk with them >politely

- This child writes >awfullyn limba engleza, corespondentul lui bine este well. Reinei ca gradele sale de comparaie sunt identice cu ale adjectivului good:well - bine better - mai bine the best - cel mai bine

n englez, la fel ca i n limba romn, unele adverbe au form identic cu adjectivele care corespund:late - trziu, cu ntrzierecheap - ieftin

wide - larg

fast - repede, iute high long hard early- nalt, sus- lung, ndelungat


16/26

- tare, dur

- timpuriu, devremeReinei ca n cazul lui cheap i wideputem folosi i terminaia ly: cheaply, widely".Sa nvam cteva verbe noi:

to look > [tu luk]

to feel > [tu fi:l]to smell >[tusmel]

to taste > [tu te/st]

to sound > [tu saund]Dou dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate:forma I

feel

smell

>[f.:l] > [smel] forma a H-afelt

smelt

> [felt]> [smelt]

- a arta, a prea s fe

- a simi, a se simi

- a mirosi, a avea miros- a gusta, a avea gust (de)

- a suna, a rsuna

forma a IH-a

felt >[felt]smelt > [smelt]

Verbele nvate anterior pot fi urmate doar de adjective. Nu se folosesc adverbe mpreun cu ele.

16

lata cateva exemple:I feel very good today. You look beautiful. The dinner tastes great. This music sounds good. Mary's flowers smell nice.

> [ai fi:l veri gud tde/]

> [iu: luk b/u:tifl]> [ Dz din1" te/'sts gre/t]

> [Dzis m/u:zik saundz gu:d]> [meri:z flaurz smel na/s]

M simt foarte bine azi. Ari minunat. Cina are un gust grozav. Muzica aceasta sun bine. Florile Mriei au un miros plcut.Verificai daca ai neles cum se folosesc adverbele. Traducei propoziiile urmtoare:

Soia mea tricoteaz minunat.

Azi m simt foarte trist.

Ea arat foarte ciudat.

Acum trebuie s mergem repede.De ce lucrezi aa de mult?

Ci bani cheltuieti pe sptmn?

Tatl meu merge ntotdeauna foarte ncet.Am cumprat asta foarte ieftin.

Ea scrie ciudat.

Mama mea conduce foarte bine. Putem face asta foarte uor.> My wife knits beautifully.

> I feel very sad today.

> She looks very strange.

> We must go fast now.> Why are you working so hard?

> How much money do you spend weekly?

> My father always walks very slowly.

> I have bought it very cheap/cheaply.> She writes strangely.

> My mother drives very well.> We can do it very easily.

Sa nvam alte cteva cuvinte noi. Citii-le cu voce tare i fii ateni la pronunie:> [tu s:rv] - a servi, a folosi

> [ tu rEp ap] - a mpacheta

> [tu dilivr] - a distribui, a livrato serve to wrap (up) to deliver to stock

to support insulated to let for sale out of order greasy

> [tu stok]

> [tu spo:rt]> [ins/ule/tid]

> [tu let]

> [fo:rse/l]

> [aut v o:rdr]> [gri:si]

- a se aproviziona, a avea mrfuri n stoc

- a sprijini, a susine- izolat- a nchiria, a fi de nchiriat


17/26

- de vnzare

- stricat, defect- unsuros, alunecos

17

Recitii cuvintele, ntr-o alt ordine:

to support to deliver greasy insulated to let to stockto serve for sale to wrap (up) out of order

>[tu spo:rt] >[tu dilivr] >[gri:si] >[insmlertid] >[tu let] >[tu stok]

>[tu sa:rv] >ffo:r se/1] >[tu rEp ap] > [aut v o: rdr]- a sprijini, a susine- a distribui, a livra

- unsuros, alunecos

- izolat

- a nchiria, a fi de nchiriat- a se aproviziona, a avea mrfuri pe stoc

- a servi, a folosi

- de vnzare- a mpacheta

- stricat, defect

Sa introducem cuvintele noi n propoziii:

Is your house insulated? >[iz io:Thaus insmlertid]My sister's house is for sale. >[ma; sistrz haus iz fo:rse/1] The fridge is out of order. >[Dz fridj iz aut v o:rdr]

Don't use this plate. It is greasy.

There are a few rooms to let.

The shop-assistant will serve us.Can you wrap up these books?

They will deliver the cupboards in the evening.

The trade-union supports the labourers.

>[daunt m:z Dzis ple/t it iz gri:si]>[Dzer a:r fiu: ru:mz tu let]

>[Dz op sistnt uil s:rv as]

>[kEn iu: rEp ap D?i:z buks]>[Dzei uil dilivr Dz kabdz in Dzi i:vnin(g)]

>[Dz tre/d ;u:nin spo:rts Dz le/brrz]- Casa ta este izolat?

- Casa surorii mele este de vnzare.- Frigiderul este defect.

- Nu folosi aceast farfurie. Este unsuroas.

- Sunt cteva camere de nchiriat.

- Vnztorul ne va servi.

Putei mpacheta aceste cri?Ei vor livra dulapurile de buctrie desear.

Sindicatul sprijin muncitorii.

Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:La ce or vei livra acest frigider? Casa noastr este izolat. De ct timp nu funcioneaz maina? Acesta unealt se folosete la tierea

lemnului.

- What time will you >deliver this fridge?- Our house is >insulated.

- How long has the car been >out of order?

- This tool >serves to cut wood.

17Ai minile unsuroase.

Ne vei susine la edin?

Acest avion este de nchiriat?

Am avut asta pe stoc acum cinci ani.Casa vecinilor notri este de vnzare.

Vrei s mpachetezi aceast poet?Verificai dac ai reuit s reinei cuvintele noi. expresii:

izolata mpacheta

a ine/a avea mrfuri pe stoc

defecta livra

unsuros

a servi

a nchiriaa sprijini

de vnzare

- You have >greasy hands.

- Will you >support us at the meeting?- Is this plane >to let?

- We >stocked it two years ago.

- Our neighbour's house is >for sale.- Do you want to >wrap up this handbag?Traducei n limba englez urmtoarele cuvinte i


18/26

> insulated

> to wrap up> to stock

> out of order

> to deliver

> greasy> to serve

> to let

> to support> for saleCitii urmtoarea propoziie n limba englez:

I don't know where this book is. - Nu tiu unde este aceast carte.Propoziia subordonat scris cu caractere ngroate se numetentrebare indirecti este introdus de un pronume interogativ (where,who, when), dup care urmeaz topica obinuit a unei propoziii afirmative.De exemplu:

Tell me when they will come. - Spune-mi cnd vor veni.

Don't tell them where I have put my savings. - Nu le spune unde mi-am pus economiile.Conform exemplelor prezentate anterior, traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:

tii ct cost asta? > Do you know how much it is?

Spune-mi cnd pot s te vizitez. > Tell me when I can visit you.

Nu tiu cine servete aici. > I don't know who serves here.Peter ne va spune care cas este de nchiriat. > Peter will tell us which house is to let.

tii ce fac copiii lui? > Do you know what his children are doing?

18

lata cteva verbe noi:to mop to iron to dust to peel to empty to turn on

to turn off

> [tu mop]

> [tu ar'n]> [tu dast] >[tu pi:l]

> [tu empti]

> [tu t:rn on]> [tu t:rn of]

- a terge (pe jos)

- a clca (cu fierul)

- a terge praful- a coji, a cura (legume, fructe)

- a goli, a descrca

- a deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde (lumina)

- a opri, a stinge, a nchide

S introducem aceste verbe n propoziii:I have already mopped the floor.

Will you iron this shirt for me?

We must dust the chairs.Peel the potatoes for dinner.

Did you empty the ash-trays?

Turn on the TV set, please.You must turn off the tap.

> [ar hEv o:lredi mopt D' flo:r]

> [uil zu: a/n Dzis :rt fo:r mi:]

> [ui: mast dast Dz terz]

>[pi:l Dz pte/touz fo:r dinar]

> [did iu : empti D'-i Etre/z]

> [t:'n on Dz ti: vi: set pli:z]> [HI : mast ta:'n of Dz tEp]

- Am ters deja pe jos.- Vrei s-mi calci cmaa asta?

- Trebuie s tergem praful de pe scaune.Cur cartofii pentru cin! Ai golit scrumierele?

D drumul la televizor, te rog. Trebuie s nchizi robinetul.

Completai urmtoarele propoziii n limba engleza:

n timp ce clcam fusta, s-a ntors soul meu.nainte de-a ncepe s mnnc micul dejun, am pornit aparatul de prjit pine.

nc mai curei aceste legume?

Golim coul de gunoi n fiecare diminea.

Trebuie s tergi praful de pe biblioteca ta.Mam, putem s tergem pe jos n baie?

mi amintesc c am oprit radioul nainte de-a pleca.

- While I was >ironing the skirt my husband returned.- Before I started to eat breakfast I >had turned on the toaster.

- Are you still >peeling these vegetables?

- We >empty the rubbish-bin every morning.- You must >dust your bookcase.- Mother, we can >mop the floor in the bathroom?


19/26

- I remember that I >had turned off the radio before I left.

19

Traducei cuvintele i expresiile n engleza:a opri > to turn offa terge pe jos > to mop

a clca (cu fierul) > to irana coji, a cura > to peel

a deschide > to turn on

a goli > to empty

a terge praful > to dust

Existena sau prezena, respectiv absena unei fiine sau a unui obiect se exprim prin construcia there is/there are.Forma interogativ a acestei expresii se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramaticaltheresi a verbului auxiliar:There is a book on the table. Is there a book on the table?

There are cars in the street.There has been a meeting here.

Are there any cars in the street?

Has there been a meeting here?

- Este o carte pe mas?- Sunt maini pe strad?

- A fost o sedinf aici?

Aceast expresie poate fi folosit la toate timpurile.Formulai ntrebri pentru urmtoarele propoziii:

There were many bicycles in that shop. There is a house for sale in London. There will be sales in this supermarket.

> Were there many bicycles in that shop?> Is there a house for sale in London?

> Will there be sales in this supermarket?Forma afirmativ se formeaz cu adverbulyes,subiectul gramaticaltherei verbul auxiliar. Pentru forma negativ folosim cuvntul denegaie no, cuvntulthere, verbul auxiliar i adverbulnot:Is there coffee at home?

Are there any mops here?

Yes, there is. No, there isn't.

Yes, there are. No, there aren't.Will there be a meeting here?

Yes, there will. No, there won't.

> [/es Dzer iz]> [nu Dzer iznt]

> [/es Dzer a:r]

> [nu Dzer a:rnt]

> [/es Dzeruil]> [nu Dzeruount]

Da, este. Nu, nu este.

Da, sunt. Nu, nu sunt.- Da, va fi.- Nu, nu va fi.

19

Formulai rspunsuri afirmative i negative la urmtoarele ntrebri:

Have there been any accidents this month?Are there any cups in the cupboard?

Will there be any good films on TV today?

Have there been any labourers here?Yes, >there have. No, >there haven't.

Yes, >there are. No, >there aren't.

Yes, >there will. No, >there won't.

Yes, >there have. No, >there haven't.V prezentm ultimul set de verbe noi din aceasta lecie:

to offer > [tu ofr]

to permit >[tupmit]

to allowto promise to refuse

> [tu lau]


20/26

> [tu promis]

> [tu rifiu:z]- a oferi

- a permite

- a permite, a da voie,

- a admite- a promite

- a refuza, a respinge

Urmrii fol os ire a acestor verbe n propoziii:He promised me a new car. > [hi: promist mi: a n/u : ka: r] - El mi-a promis o main nou.Will they offer you a better job?

The managment refused to give me a raise.

Mother will not allow you to go to the cinema.

Have they permitted you to bring the dog1

> [ni D~e/ ofa : ;'u: beta 7 djob]

> [Dv. mEnidjmant nf/u:zd tu gi\ mi: re/z]

> [maD7 ruil not alau iu: tu gu tu Dz sinma]> [hEv Dze/ pmitid iu : tu brin (B > Dza dog]

- i vor oferi o slujba mai bun?

- Conducerea a refuzat s-mi dea o mrire de salariu.

- Mama nu-i va da voie s mergi la cinematograf.- i-au permis

s aduci cinele?

Completai propoziiile urmtoare cu verbele corespunztoare:

Nu-i permit s fumezi aici. - I don't >permit/allow you to smoke here.Ea a refuzat s m ajute.

Promite-mi c te vei ntoarce devreme.

Pot s-i ofer dou apartamente.

- She > refused to help me.- > Promise me you will return early.

- I can > offer you two apartments.

20Traducei verbele urmtoare n limba englez:

a oferi a refuza a permite a ngdui a promite

Iar acum s sintetizm materia din aceast parte a urmtoarele propoziii:

Trebuie s golim repede frigiderul. Cnd vor livra dulapurile? Ea a spus asta foarte politicos. Poi folosi aceast gleat. Ct ctigi lunar?Artai minunat mpreun. Spune-mi unde sunt aceste cratie. Poate cineva s-mi calce bluza? Este pine acas?

El a condus ntotdeauna foarte bine maina.

> to offer

> to refuse

> to permit> to allow

> to promise

iei ntr-un exerciiu. Traducei n limba englez> We must empty the fridge fast.

> What time will they deliver the cupboards?

> She said this very politely.> You can use this bucket.

> How much do you earn monthly?

> You look beautiful together.

> Tell me where these saucepans are.> Can anybody iron my blouse?

> Is there any bread at home?

> He has always driven the car very well.

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LECIA 18 - PARTEA A DOUACitii cu atenie urmtorul dialog fiind ateni la pronunie i intonaie. Cuvintele i silabele accentuate sunt scrise ngroat:Peter: Mary, have you heard that a lot of labourers don't like theirjobs?Mary: No, I haven't. And why don't they like theirjobs?Peter: They say their wages are too low and they must often apply for a raise.Mary: Well, I have heard about that. But the management has refused their applications so far. Hardly any employees like the management.

Peter: And the other problem is that there is unemployment in our surroundings. Even John has hardly worked this summer. The trade-union wants to negotiate about the strike.

Mary: And all our employees are members of this trade-union. The management already knows about it and wants to fire some of theemployees. Do you know how many people they want to fire?Peter: No, I don't. I think there must be a few. But there are many unskilled workers and they will not get a job.

John: I must give my thanks to your mother because she has helped me. Barbara: How did she help you?John: You know I wanted to buy a car after I had earned more money. But I was still short of money and she gave me some.Barbara: Today we must go to the supermarket to do some shopping. There are many things on my shopping-list. Now you can return thismoney!

John: Why must we go to the supermarket all the time?Barbara: Because the shop-assistants are very polite there and they stock almost everything. And today they have sales there.John: Good, today I'll take you to the supermarket in my new car. Tom: Mary, today we have a lot ofworkto do.Mary: I know. I must dust the tables, empty the rubbish-bin and iron my father's shirts.


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Tom: And I must place the gas-cooker somewhere else,because it cannot stand next to the fridge.Mary: But you can't do it today. All of our electric tools are out oforder.Tom: I almost forgot about that. Then I'll go and buy a new electric oven to the kitchen.Mary: But Tom, we must pay for it in cash and right now we are short ofcash.Tom: Then I will peel the vegetables for dinner.21

Barbara: Now you can read it, but later I will turn on the radio and we can listen to some music.Peter: But I want to read this book tonight. You know I read two books daily.

Barbara: What are the contents of that book?Peter: The contents of this book are very important and useful for a secretary.Barbara: Then I will also read that book.Rezolvai urmtorul exerciiu care sintetizeaz ntregul material al leciei. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:

Colegii mei nu vor aceast greva.

Ne vom ntlni ca s negociem mririle de salarii?Angajaii notri vor s schimbe conducerea, nainte s ncepem lucrul, i-am ateptat.

Dupa ce am scris o scrisoare, am cumprat dou timbre.

Cred c voi solicita o slujb mai bun i un salariu mai mare.Anul acesta ei vor s cultive ovz.

Acum doi ani am locuit ntr-o zon minunat.

Au mrit deja salariile?

Toi clienii sunt satisfcui de cumprturile din supermagazinul nostru.Nu uita s iei lista de cumprturi i sacoa.

Fac reduceri doar n perioada soldurilor?

Trebuie s las cruciorul la cas?

El ctig muli bani i cumpr numai la pre redus.Nu am prieteni n acest ora.

> My colleagues don't want this strike.

> Will we meet to negotiate raises?

> Our employees want to change the management.> Before we started work we had waited for them.

> After I had written a letter I bought two stamps.

> I think I will apply for a better job and higher wages.> They want to grow oats this year.

> Two years ago we lived in beautiful surroundings.

> Have they already raised wages?

> All customers are satisfied with the shopping in our supermarket.> Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag.

> Do they give discounts only during sales?

> Must 1 leave the trolley at the cash-desk?

> He earns a lot and buys only bargains.

> I haven't any friends in this town.> I have no friends in this town.

Ei nu-i fac aproape niciodat tema pentru acas. > They hardly ever do homework. Crezi c acest dulap va fi util n buctrie?

Aceasta tire este foarte importanta. Ct cost aceast biciclet?> Do you think this cupboard will be useful in the kitchen?

> This news is very important.

> How much is this bycicle?21

Aceast poveste nu poate fi adevrat.

Ai ceva s-mi spui?

Unde sunt prosoapele?nainte s mergem la Mary noi am ters pe jos.

El merge foarte ciudat.

Televizorul nu funcioneaz.

Vnztorul tocmai mi mpacheteaz cumprturile.ntreab-1 cnd nchide magazinul.

terge praful de pe mese i calc aceste haine.Poi s opreti radioul?

Sunt nite cri aici?>This story can't be true.

> Have you anything to tell me?

> Where are the towels?> Before we went to Mary we had mopped the floors.

> He walks very strangely.

>The TV set is out of order.

>The shop-assistant is just wrapping up my shopping.>Ask him when he shuts the shop.

>Dust the tables and iron these clothes.

>Can you turn off the radio?

>Are there any books here?

Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag.n ncheiere, v propunem un exerciiu de pronunie. Literele de la nceputul coloanelor i cele scrise accentuat indic acelai sunet:

[i:] [a] [a] [ei]


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peel dust iron sale

seen bucket tile make

leave but wide late

green sun drive date

22

94

RECAPITULAREA LECIEI 1818.1. Adverbe

18.1.1. Majoritatea adverbelor se formeaz din adjective, prin adugarea terminaiei ,,-ly":beautiful - minunat beautifully - minunat

n mod similar se formeaz adverbe i din substantivele care exprim timpul:

month - lun monthly - lunar, n fiecare lun

week - sptmn weekly - sptmnal, n fiecaresptmn

day - zi daily - zilnic, n fiecare zi

Reinei c n cuvntul daily", litera y s-a schimbat n i.

Aceeai schimbare se petrece i n cazul n care litera -y este precedat de o consoan: easy - uor easily - uor18.1.2. n limba englez adverbul corespunztor adjectivului bun" este well". Reinei: comparativul i superlativul lui well" sunt identice

cu formele corespunztoare ale adjectivului good":well - bine better - mai bine the best - cel mai bine

18.1.3. n limba englez, la fel ca n limba romn, mai multe adverbe au form identic cu adjectivele corespunztoare:late - trziu, cu ntrziere

cheap - ieftin

wide - largfast - repede, iute

high - nalt, sus

long - lung, ndelungat

hard - tare, durearly - timpuriu, devreme

n cazul adverbelor cheap" i wide" se folosete i terminaia ,,-ly": cheaply, widely".

18.1.4. Alturi de unele verbe pot sta doar adjective, nu adverbe:

to look - a arta, a prea s fieto feel - a se simi, a simi, a avea o senzaie sau

un sentiment

to smell - a mirosi, a avea un mirosto taste - a gusta, a avea un anumit gustto sound - a suna, a rsuna

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18.2. ntrebri indirecteI don't know where this book is. - Nu tiu unde este aceasta carte.

Propoziia subordonat este introdus de un pronume interogativ (where, who, what etc.), dup care urmeaz o propoziie cu structur

afirmativ:

Don't tell them where I have - Nu le spune undeput my savings. mi-am pus economiile.

18.3. There is/there are"

18.3.1. Interogativul

Interogativul se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical there" i a verbului auxiliar:There is a book on Is there a book on - Este o carte pe mas?

the table. the table?

18.3.2. Rspunsul afirmativ se formeaz cu adverbul yes", subiectul gramatical there" i verbul auxiliar. Negaia se compune din cuvntul

no", subiectul gramatical there", verbul auxiliar i cuvntul not":Is there coffee at home? Yes, there is. - Da, este.

No, there isn't. - Nu, nu este.

Aceast structur poate fi folosit la toate timpurile.

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TEMA PENTRU ACAS 18A. Traducei urmtoarele propoziii n limba romna:1. They haven't delivered the sink and tap so far.

2. Are there any mops to mop the floors?

3. I don't know where they will stock the cupboards.

4. At the moment he is working hard.5. She had looked beautiful before she cut her hair.

6. My mother is satisfied with the new toaster.

B. Traduced urmtoarele propoziii n limba englez:1. Aceasta sun minunat, dar nu tiu cnd putem merge acolo.

2. Sunt apartamente de nchiriat n aceast cldire?

3. El a spus asta foarte trist.

4. Ne vei sprijini n timpul negocierilor?5. Muzica a sunat foarte bine, dar textul nu a fost interesant.


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6. Este cineva aici?

\

C. Corectai greelile din urmtoarele propoziii:1. I didn't feel very well yesterday.

2. There aren't any money in my purse.

3. I know he works very hardly.

4. Can you tell me what time must we be at school tomorrow?

5. There isn't no restaurant in our surroundings.6. He usually eats one meal dayly.

38 i

Verbele neregulate din leciile 17 i 18forma I forma a Il-a forma a IlI-afeel > [fi:l] felt > [felt] felt > [felt]

smell > [smel] smelt > [smelt] smelt > [smelt]

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VOCABULARUL LECIILOR 17 SI 18after

to allow any

anybodyanything

anywhereto apply forapplication

bargain

before bucket cash

cash-deskcolleague

contents

cupboard

customerto deliver

discount

to dust

to earnemployee

to empty

evenexit

to feel

to fire

>a:ftr]tu lau] eni]

enibadi]

eniTsin(s>]eniuer]

tu apia/ fo:r]

Epliker'n]

ba:rgin]bifo:r] bakit] kE]

kE desk]

koli:g]

kontents]kabd]

kastm1"]

tu dilivr]

diskaunt]tu dast]

tu :'n]

emplo/i:]tu empti]

i:vn]egzit]

tu fi:l]tu fa/rl

- dup, dup aceea, dupa ce, ulterior

- a permite, a da voie, a admite

- orice, oricare- oricine, oricare, cineva

- orice, ceva- oriunde, undeva

- a se adresa pentru, a cere, a solicita


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- cerere, solicitare

- vnzare la pre favorabil, chilipir, afacere- nainte (de), naintea, dinaintea

- gleat

- bani ghea, bani n numerar

- cas (ntr-un magazin)- coleg

- cuprins, coninut

- dulap de buctrie- cumprtor, client- a distribui, a livra

- reducere (de preuri)

- a terge praful

- a ctiga bani (prin munc)- angajat, salariat

- a goli, a descrca

- chiar, pn i, nici mcar- ieire

- a simi, a se simi

- a concedia

24for sale fridge gas-cooker greasy hard hardly hardly any hardly ever

How much is...

important

insulatedto iron

job

labourer

to letto look

management

membermop

to mop

negotiations

to negotiatenowhere

oats

to offer

out of order

ovento peel

to permit

proceeds> [fo: r sez'l] >[fhdj] >[gEs kukar] >[gri:si] >[ha:rd] >[ha:rdli] >[ha:rdli eni] >[ha:rdli ev']

>[hau mats iz]

>[ important]>[ins/ule/tid]

>[tu a/n]

>[djob]

>[le/brr]>[tu let]

>[tu luk]

>[mEnidjmant]

>[membar]>[mop]

>[tu mop]>[niguie/nz]

>[tu niguie/t]>[nouuer]

>[outs]

>[tu ofar]>[aut ov o:rdr]

>[ovn]

>[tu pi:l]

> [tu pmit]> [prousi:dz]

de vnzare frigider aragaz

unsuros, gras

tare, dur, greuabia, mai deloc, prea puin

abia, puin/un pic

foarte rar, aproape niciodat, nu preaCt cost...important, semnificativ izolat


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a clca (cu fierul) loc de munc, serviciu muncitor

a nchiria, de nchiriat a prea, a arta, a avea aerul conducere, administraie membrucrp de ters pe jos a terge pe jos negocieri

a negocia, a duce tratative nicieri, niciunde ovz

a oferi, a acorda stricat, defect cuptor

a coji, a cura (legume/fructe) a permitectig (dintr-o activitale)

25

to promise raise to raise receipt to reduce to refuse riches rubbish-bin salessatisfied (with)saucepan

savings

to serve

shop-assistantshopping-bag

shopping-list

shop-windowshort of (something)

sink

to smell

somebodysomewhere

to sound

to stock

strikesupermarket to support surroundings tap

to taste

> [tu promis]

> [re/z]> [tu re/z]

> [risi:t]

> [tu rid/u:s]> [turif/u:z]> [ritiz]

> [rabi bin]

> [se/lz]> [sEtisfa/d]

> [so:spEn]

> [se/vin(g,z]

> [tu s:rv]

> [op sistnt]> [opin,g) bEg]

> [opin(g) list]

> [op uindu]> [o:rt v]

> [sin [tu smel]> [sambadi]

> [samuer]

> [tu saund]

> [tu stok]> [stra/k]

> [su:prma:rkit]

> [tu spo:rt]

> [sraundin'8)z]> [tEp]

> [tute/st]a promite sporire, mrire a spori, a mri chitan, not de plat a reduce, a micora a refuza, a respinge avere, bogie co de gunoi

reduceri, vnzarea soldurilor satisfcut, mulumit (de) cratieconomii (bani)

a servi, a fi folosit

vnztor, vnztoaresaco sau pung de cumprturi

list de cumprturi

vitrin

lips de (ceva) chiuveta mirosi, a avea miros

cineva

undeva

a suna, a rsunaa aproviziona, a ine/a avea mrfuri pe stoc

grev

supermarketa sprijini, a susinemprejurimi, vecintate


26/26

robinet

a gusta, a avea gust (de)26

thanks

tile

toweltrade-union

trolley

trueto turn off to turn onunemployement

unskilled

useful

wageswell

to wrap up

> [TsEnks]> [tad]

> [taul]

> [tre/d ;'u:nin]

> [troli]> [tru:]

> [tut:rnof]

> [tuta:'non]

> [animplo/'mnt]> [ anskild]

> [/u:sfl]

> ["e/'djiz]

> [uel]> [tu rEp ap]

mulumiri, recunotin

faian/teracotprosop

sindicat

crucior (ntr-un supermarket) adevrat

a opri, a stinge, a nchidea deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde (lumina etc.)

omaj

necalificat

folositor, util

salariubine

a mpacheta

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Engleza Pt Incepatori 17 Si 18

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