Cursul 1 motricitate.pdf

Motricitate

Cursul 1

Prof.dr.ing. O. Ciobanu

2011-2012

Introducere

1.1 Terminologie

Motricitatea reprezint o nsuire a

fiinei umane, innscut i dobndit, de

a reaciona cu ajutorul aparatului

locomotor la stimulii interni sau externi

sub forma unei micri.

1-2

Terminologie

Motricitatea reprezint i obiect de

studiu al Kinetologiei medicale, tiin

interdisciplinar care studiaz structura

i mecanismele neuro-mio-artrokinetice,

care asigur omului activiti motrice

normale precum i nregistrarea,

analizarea i corectarea mecanismelor

deficitare.

1-3

Terminologie

Motricitatea este ntlnit n literatura de

specialitate sub diverse denumiri:

Motricit (n francez),

Motor sciences sau Motor functions (n

englez).

1-4

Analiza actiunilor motrice

Motricitatea se bazeaz n mare msur

pe analiza aciunilor motrice. Aciunile

motrice se pot analiza [Ifrim,1986] prin

urmtoarele metode:

1. analiza aciunilor mecanice;

2. analiza optimizrii micrilor;

3. analiza muscular;

4. analiza funcional;

5. analiza pedagogic.

1-5


1.Analiza aciunilor mecanice se refer la:

Descrierea micrilor i a poziiilor

utiliznd metode i tehnici descriptive;

Descrierea fizico-mecanic a micrilor;

2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-6


2.Analiza optimizrii micrilor se refer la:

Precizarea greelilor frecvente n efectuarea

unor micri;

Stabilirea adaptrilor necesare pentru

optimizarea unor micri;

3.Analiza muscular se refer la:

Precizarea factorilor (grupele musculare i

oasele) locomotori statici sau dinamici;

Implicarea musculaturii n micare, fixare,

echilibrare i frenare; 1-7


4.Analiza funcional se refer la:

Studiul modificrilor funciiilor organismului

uman la anumite micri;

Stabilirea calitilor motrice mai solicitate la

micrile studiate;

Stabilirea gradului de participare al

diferitelor aparate i sisteme de antrenare n

vederea obinerii randamentului muscular

maxim



5.Analiza pedagogic se refer la:

Determinarea caracterului dominant al

unui tip de micare;

Stabilirea efectelor produse de un

anumit tip de micare;

Stabilirea gradului n care un tip de

micare corespunde vrstei i tipului

constituional.

1-9

Analiza actiunilor mecanice

Descrierea miscarilor si pozitiilor corpului

Terminologie directionala

1-10

Pozitii de referinta

Pozitia anatomica

-Vezi figura alaturata

Pozitia anatomica

de baza

Aceeasi cu exceptia

palmelor,care sunt

orientate spre corp

1-12


Inferior (infra) Partea de jos; caudal

Superior (supra) Partea de sus; cefalic

Distal Parte situata departe de mijlocul corpului,

sau de punctul de origine

Proximal Langa trunchi sau langa punctul de

origine

Lateral Lateral sau departe de planul median

Medial Langa partea de mijloc ; langa planul

median

Median Ca si medial

Terminologie directionala exemple


1-14

1. Cranial toward the head

2. Caudal - toward the feet

3. Medial - toward the middle

4. Lateral - toward/from the side

5. Proximal - toward the attachment of a limb

6. Distal - toward the finger/toes

7. Superior - above

8. Inferior - below

12. Palmar - toward/on the palm of the hand

13. Plantar - toward/on the sole of the

Descrierea pozitiilor cu ajutorul

planelor de referinta si a axelor

Descrierea pozitiilor cu ajutorul

planelor de referinta si a axelor

Sistem de referinta format din 3 plane perpendiculare

Terminologie


Anterior

in fata

Anteroinferior

in fata si jos

Anterosuperior

in fata si sus

Posterior

In spate

Posteroinferior

In spate si jos

Posterolateral

In spate si spre exterior


Caudal

Dedesubt ; inferior

Cefalic

deasupra


Contralateral

Partea opusa

Ipsilateral

Pe aceeasi parte

Bilateral

Ambele parti laterale


Profund

Sub suprafata; descrie pozitia relativa in

profunzime

Superficial

Langa suprafata;

1-22


Dorsal

spate

Ventral

abdomen, burta


Decubit ventral / Culcat

Intins cu fata in jos

Decubit dorsal / Supin

Intins pe spate


Volar

Relativ la palma sau talpa

Plantar

Relativ la talpa

Brate paralele cu planele V,H,L

Brate paralele cu un plan


Brate perpendiculare

pe planele V,H,L


Sectiune plana prin corp

Cazuri:

Vedere de sus

Vedere de jos

Vedere de sus

Vedere de jos


1-34

Anterior toward/from the front

Posterior - toward/from the back

Periferic /Peripheral -toward the surface


Inferolateral Jos si lateral

(ext)

Inferomedial Jos si lateral

(int)

Superolateral Deasupra si

spre ext

Superomedial Deasupra si

spre int

Terminologie directionala Anterolateral

in fata si lateral (ext)

Anteromedial in fata si spre mijloc

Posteromedial In spate si spre interior

Posterosuperior In spate si in sus

Piciorul in planele de referinta

1-37

Varus si valgus in planul Frontal

m. stang

1-39

Coxa vara si coxa valga

Varus si valgus

1-40

Axa mecanica sau deviatia axei

mexanice in planul Frontal genunchi (stang) intins si in rotatie neutra

1-41

Terminologia miscarilor

Osteocinematica si Artrocinematica

Osteocinematica: descrie miscarile ample ale oaselor in articulatii: - flexie/extensie,

- pronatie/supinatie etc

Artrocinematica: descrie miscarile din articulatii: rostogolire,

alunecare,

pivotare (rasucire) 1-42

Osteocinematica: Miscari

1-43

Lateral Rotation (1)

Medial Rotation(2)

Supination (3)

Pronation (4)

Eversion (5)

Inversion (6)

Adduction (7)

Abduction (8)

Osteocinematica: Miscari

1-44

Pronatia si supinatia

in planele V si L

1-45

Miscarile pelvisului in plan lateral

1-46

Rotatia piciorului in articulatia gleznei

in planul Frontal


Articulatia gleznei. Pronatia si supinatia piciorului

Pozitia piciorului in

timpul mersului

1-49


Studiul miscarilor corpurilor se face cu ajutorul Cinematicii o

ramura a mecanicii care descrie miscarea corpurilor fara a tine

cont de forte sau cupluri de forte

Exista doua tipuri generale de miscari care au loc in articulatii:

Miscari de translatie: toate punctele unui corp se misca paralel si

in aceeasi directie; deplasarea poate fi liniara sau dupa o curba

.

Miscari de rotatie: toate punctele unui corp se misca dupa

traiectorii circulare in jurul unui singur centru de rotatie

Terminologia miscarilor Miscarea corpului uman este descrisa adesea ca o miscare de

translatie a centrului de greutate al corpului (CG)

CG este pozitionat in general in fata osului sacru; depinde si de

pozitia corpului

Miscarea de rotatie se executa in jurul unei axe de rotatie (AR);

AR este de multe ori imaginara (neanatomica)


Miscari active: cauzate de contractia

muschilor

Miscari pasive: cauzate de alte actiuni

(gravitate, impulsuri de la alte corpuri

etc)


Grade de libertate = numarul de miscari

independente ale unei articulatii (circa 3 grade de

libertate fata de cele 3 plane F, H, L)



lantul cinematic Lant cinematicmicrile se execut prin participarea unui

ir de articulaii care mpreun formeaz un lan articular.

Lant cinematic deschis segmentul distal al lantului nu este

in contact cu pamantul sau cu un obiect stabil

Lant cinematic inchis segmentul distal al lantului este in

contact cu pamantul sau cu un obiect stabil

Osteocinematica; exemple

Miscarea articulatiei poate fi abordata

din perspectiva segmentului proximal sau a segmentului distal.

Segmentul proximal se poate roti in jurul segmentului distal

sau invers:

Segmentul distal se poate roti in jurul segmentului proximal

Miscarea segmentului

femural

Miscarea segmentului

pelvian

Artrocinematica

Exista trei tipuri fundamentale de

miscari in artrocinetica:

Rostogolire (Roll) multiple points

along one rotating articular surface

contact multiple points on another

articular surface

Alunecare (Slide) a single point on

one articular surface contacts multiple

points on another articular surface

Pivotare (Spin) a single point on one

articular surface rotates on a single

point on another articular surface

Motor Sciences Expert or Engineer The motor sciences expert works as a professional in the

motor and sports activities, in public and private structures,

in sports organisations and recreational/social associations.

His/her tasks include the carrying out, management and

evaluation of motor individual or group activities with a

compensative, adaptive, educational, recreational and

sports character, which aim to maintain a psycho-physical

fitness through the promotion of active lifestyles. He/she is

responsible for the running, management and evaluation of

individual and group fitness activities.

The motor sciences expert may work in activities which

currently are mainly carried out in gyms, old peoples homes

and other social-healthcare facilities. Scienze motorie http://web1.regione.veneto.it

1-57

http://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=enhttp://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=enhttp://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=en

Planele miscarilor in sport

Bibliografie

Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials:

www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/index.htm

BBC Science & Nature

www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anat

omy.shtml

Describes each bone and allows viewing of each from

different angles


www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_

02/index.shtml?skeleton

Allows interactive placement of bone and joint structures.

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/index.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeletonhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeletonhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton

Bibliografie


www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtml

Describes each type of joint and allows viewing of how the joint moves within the body.

University of Michigan Learning Resource Center, Hypermuscle: Muscles in action

www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.html#flex

Describes each motion and allows viewing of the motion performed.

Articulations

http://basic-anatomy.net/

A thorough discussion of the articulations

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.htmlhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.htmlhttp://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/

Web Sites Foss Human Body

http://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.html

An interactive site which allows assembly of the skeleton

Functions of the Skeletal System

http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.html

Several pages with information on bone tissue, bone development and growth, and the joints

Wireframe Skeleton www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htm

Move around the skeleton's limbs arms legs body and make it do funny things

Skeletal system

www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm

Pictures of dissected bones and their anatomical landmarks

http://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.htmlhttp://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htmhttp://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm

Web Sites Articulations

www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/

Details all of the joint types with pictures and review questions

eSkeletons Project

www.eskeletons.org/

An interactive site with a bone viewer showing the morphology, origins, insertions, and articulations of each bone

ExRx Articulations

www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.html

Detailed common exercises demonstrating movements of each joint and listing the muscles involved

Skeleton Shakedown

www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.html

Help put a disarticulated skeleton back together

http://www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/http://www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/http://www.eskeletons.org/http://www.eskeletons.org/http://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.htmlhttp://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.htmlhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.htmlhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.html

Web Sites Human Anatomy Online

www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html

Interactive skeleton labeling

KLB Science Department Interactivities

www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htm

Skeleton labeling exercises

Introductory Anatomy: Joints

www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.html

Notes on joint articulations

The Interactive Skeleton

www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htm

Point and click to detailed skeletal illustrations

Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton

www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/

X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks

http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.htmlhttp://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.htmlhttp://www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htmhttp://www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htmhttp://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.htmlhttp://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.htmlhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/http://www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/

Web Sites Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton

www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htm

X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks

Virtual skeleton

www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.html

A 3-dimensional human osteology with Quicktime movies of each bone

Skeleton: The Joints

www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htm

Point and click to detailed joint illustrations

Forensic Anthropology

http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdf

A detailed discussion of skeletal anthropology with excellent pictures of dissected bones

http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.htmlhttp://www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.htmlhttp://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htmhttp://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htmhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdf

Cursul 1 motricitate.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Cursul 1 motricitate.pdf