CURS 10_Eficienta Cheltuielilor Publice

CURS 10 Eficienta cheltuielilor publice

Eficiena cheltuielilor publice: exprim dimensiunea optim a unui raport determinat ntre eforturile financiare (consumul de resurse financiare publice) i efectele comensurabile sau estimative ce se pot obine de pe urma obiectivelor finanate de ctre stat.

Eficacitatea reprezint o modalitate de a dimensiona calitatea activitilor ntreprinse. Din punct de vedere cantitativ, se determin ca raport ntre ceea ce s-a realizat i ntre ceea ce s-a propus (prognozat, previzionat) a se realiza.

Public Finances in EMU 2008, pg.76

Public Finances in EMU 2008, pg.79Public Finances in EMU 2008, pg.141

Condiii ale realizrii eficienei cheltuielilor publice:posibilitatea alegerii alternativei celei mai puin costisitoare, n raport cu rezultatul final al serviciului public;maximizarea utilitii consumatorilor prin mbuntirea calitii modului de funrizare a serviciului public.

Eficiena cheltuielilor publice este privit sub dou aspecte:eficiena alocativ a resurselor (optim Pareto);X-eficiena resurselor.O alocare a resurselor este corespunztoare optimului Pareto, dac nici o alta nu poate fi fcut mai bine, fr s influeneza negativ bunstarea ultimei persoane consumatoare.

Judeci de valoare pe baza crora se poate evalua semnificaia optimului Pareto:preocuparea pentru bunstarea tuturor indivizilor din societate, luai n mod separat, mai curnd dect a unei entiti, numit societate sau stat a unui grup social sau a unei clase sociale;

unii factori neeconomici, care afecteaz bunstarea indivizilor, pot fi ignorai (sociali, psihologici, politici) separarea net ntre economie i politic;

exist un consumator raional i suveranitatea productorului;

dac o ultim schimbare n alocarea resurselor sporete bunstarea la o ultim persoan, fr s o reduc la o alt persoan, atunci schimbarea trebuie considerat ca avnd drept efect creterea bunstrii sociale respinge paternalismul.

Ipotezele care stau la baza alocrii resurselor conform optimului Pareto:existena pieei cu concuren perfect;informare perfect;toi indivizii s doreasc s-i maximizeze utilitatea;inexistena externalitilorcompetiia perfect ntre cumprtori i ntre vnztori;maximizarea profitului la toi productorii.

Orientri moderne privind eficiena cheltuielilor publice1)serviciile publice nu trebuie s fie furnizate ntotdeauna n mod gratuit2)oriunde este posibil, furnizarea public de servicii publice s fie nlocuit cu furnizarea privat 3)opiunea privind furnizarea serviciilor publice poate fi restabilit la mecanismele cvasipia prin utilizarea de cupoane sau bonuri valorice.

0Qm reprezint nivelul optim al ieirilor care satisface condiia ca preul s fie egal cu costul marginal ( P=Cm);competiie perfect - toi consumatorii folosesc preul pieei 0Pm;dac bunul X este furnizat de autoritatea public ctre consumatorii liberi ai cererii, la preul consumului (costul produciei se afl n afara impozitrii), atunci:0Qs este nivelul dorit de consum determinat de furnizarea gratuit a statului;(Qm - Qs) reprezint utilitatea marginal a consumatorului;costul de furnizare a cantitii ntre QmQs este mai mic dect cel marginal: Cms Cm;QmAQS reprezint extrabeneficii;ABQS reprezint pierderi marginale (substituia aprovizionrii gratuite libere a statului cu preurile pieei);QmABQS reprezint extracosturi.

Gradul de x-ineficien este considerat diferena dintre eficacitatea maximal a utilizrii intrrilor i utilizarea actual.

Observaie

Preul pieei este preferabil achiziiei publice la preuri zero deoarece:spre deosebire de firmele competitive, serviciile publice nu au nc mecanisme ncorporate care s promoveze X-eficiena;n firma privat, X-eficiena este cuprins n politica managementului i a forei de munc de ctre proprietarii care i pot nsui orice economii la cost;n sectorul public, interesele consumatorilor sunt susceptibile s fie subminate printr-o alian a productorilor (manageri i lucrtori) care va substitui propriile ei eluri, eliberat de riscul falimentului;la ineficiena alocativ cauzat prin ndeprtarea de la nivelul optimal al outputurilor, trebuie adugat X-ineficiena care eman din orice combinaii din costurile de producie care sunt cu mult peste minimul atins de costurile altora.Eecul pieei desemneaz situaiile cnd funcionarea liber a pieelor conduce la o alocare ineficient a resurselor, genernd intervenia corectoare a statului.Externalitile reprezint forma de eec ale pieei care const n nereflectarea corespunztoare la nivelul preului pieei a unora dintre costurile sau beneficiile asociate produciei sau consumului.

EXTERNALITATILE Harvey Rosen (1992): o externalitate are loc atunci cnd activitatea unei entiti afecteaz bunstarea alteia ntr-un mod aflat n afara mecanismelor pieei.Cullis & Jones (1992): exist o externalitate atunci cnd bunstarea unui individ depinde nu numai de bunurile si serviciile pe care le cumpr i consum acesta, ci i de activitatea altui individ, existnd, astfel, o interdependen ce are loc n afara mecanismului preului.

Externalitati pozitive:producator-consumator (educatie publica)producator-producator (proprietar livada-apicultor)consumator-producator (dezvoltari ale capitalului uman)consumator-consumator (vizionarea programelor TV alaturi de prieteni) Externalitati negative:producator-consumator (poluarea mediului)producator-producator (poluarea apei)consumator-producator (culegerea afinelor)consumator-consumator (zgomotul aparatelor TV)

Analiza surplusului consumatorului i teorema Hicks Kaldor privind compensarea social a utilitilorSurplusul consumatorului este definit de suprafaa dat de modificarea preului de cumprare de la un nivel superior acceptat iniial de cumprtor la un nivel inferior ca urmare a scderii acestuia.

Surplusul productorului este definit de suprafaa dat de modificarea preului de cumprare de la un nivel inferior acceptat iniial de cumprtor la un nivel superior ca urmare a creterii acestuia.

Metode de evaluare a eforturilor i efectelor directe i indirecte ale proiectelor de obiective publice1.Analiza Cost Beneficiu (ACB);2.Analiza Cost Eficacitate (ACE);3.Metode multicriteriale (MM).

EXEMPLE:

Sursa: Legea nr.36/1999 privind bugetul de stat pe anul 1999, Legea nr.76/2000 privind bugetul de stat pe anul 2000, Legea nr.216/2001 privind bugetul de stat pe anul 2001, Legea nr.743/2001 privind bugetul de stat pe anul 2002, Raport lunar B.N.R., aprilie 2003

Anul1999200020012002IndicatoriCheltuieli ale bugetului de stat prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)93384.4143755.3166832.1237832.1Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat executate (mld.lei)106886.7149167.8184012.2226823.6

Chart1

93384.4106886.7

143755.3149167.8

166832.1184012.2

237832.1226823.6

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat executate (mld.lei)

Evolutia CBS prognozate si realizate in perioada 1998-2002

tema3

Anul1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat (mld.lei)210.20537.901627.004313.6010930.4015858.0023732.0052896.6077616.60106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

P.I.B. (mld.lei)857.902203.906029.2020035.7049773.2072135.50108919.60252925.70371193.80539356.90796533.701154126.001498600.00

Curs de schimb (lei/USD)22.4376.39307.95760.051655.092033.263082.607167.948874.8116295.5719955.7529060.8633055.46

Populaie (mil.loc.)23.2023.1822.7822.7522.7322.6822.6022.5422.4822.4522.4322.4322.43

Deflator P.I.B. (%)113.60295.10300.00327.40239.10135.30145.30247.30155.20147.80144.10137.00124.30

Indicele preurilor (%)105.10270.20310.40236.70356.70132.30138.80254.80159.10145.80145.70134.50122.50

P90 (%)1.002.708.3919.8570.8193.68130.03331.33527.14768.571119.811506.141845.03

Anul1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat in expresie nominala (mld.lei)210.20537.901627.004313.6010930.4015858.0023732.0052896.6077616.60106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat in expresie reala (mld.lei)

1)deflator PIB185.0182.3542.31317.54571.511720.616333.121389.650010.772318.5103516.9134315.5182480.8

2)IP200.0199.1524.21822.43064.311986.417098.020760.048784.873310.5102380.1136812.0185162.1

3)P90210.2199.1194.0217.3154.4169.3182.5159.7147.2139.1133.2122.2122.9

Ponderea CBS in PIB (%)24.5024.4126.9921.5321.9621.9821.7920.9120.9119.8218.7315.9415.14

CBS medii/loc (USD/loc)403.94303.77231.93249.47290.55343.88340.65327.40389.04292.17333.26282.30305.93

Modificarea absoluta a CBS (mld.lei)

1)expresie nominala327.71089.12686.66616.84927.67874.029164.624720.029270.142281.134844.442811.4

2)expresie reala (defaltor PIB)-2.8360.1775.23253.97149.14612.55056.528621.022307.831198.430798.648165.3

Modificarea relativa a CBS (%)



Modificarea ponderii CBS in PIB (%)-0.12.6-5.50.40.0-0.2-0.9-0.0-1.1-1.1-2.8-0.8

Modificarea CBS/loc. (USD/loc)-100.2-71.817.541.153.3-3.2-13.261.6-96.941.1-51.023.6

Coeficientul de elasticitate a CBS1.01.20.71.01.01.00.91.00.80.80.50.8

Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)156.9173.6232.3148.444.951.0132.246.845.347.744.929.8

AnulCheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturi curenteCheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (deflator PIB)Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (indicele preturilor)Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturile constante, anul 1990Ponderea cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B.Cheltuielile bugetului de stat medii pe cap de locuitor (USD/loc.)Curs de schimbPopulatiaModificarea relativa a cursului de schimb (%)Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat (%)Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)

1990210.20185.00200.00200.0024.50403.9422.4323.2022.4522.4322.4322.43

1991537.90182.30199.10199.1024.41303.7776.3923.18240.57155.90156.90

19921627.00542.30524.20194.0026.99231.93307.9522.78303.13202.50173.60

19934313.601317.5018222.40217.3021.53249.47760.0522.75146.81165.10232.30

199410930.404571.503064.30154.4021.96290.551655.0922.73117.76153.40148.40

199515858.0011720.6011986.40169.3021.98343.882033.2622.6822.8545.1044.90

199623732.0016333.1017098.00182.5021.79340.653082.6022.6051.6149.7051.00

199752896.6021389.6020760.00159.7020.91327.407167.9422.54132.53122.90132.20

199877616.6050010.7048784.80147.2020.91389.048874.8122.4823.8146.7046.80

1999106886.7072318.5073310.50139.1019.82292.1716295.5722.4583.6237.7045.30

2000149167.80103516.90102380.10133.2018.73333.2619955.7522.4322.4639.6047.70

2001184012.20134315.50136812.00122.2015.94282.3029060.8622.4345.6323.4044.90

2002226823.60182480.80185162.10122.9015.14305.9333055.4622.4313.7523.3029.60

anulcheltuieli bug.stat-totalinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicealte cheltuieli

1991537.982.762.129.778.323.515.4498.235.832.441.40503.5034.40

19921627224.215364.3195.768.351.110.2326.7179.862.6169.606.501512.00115.00

19934313.6648.4366.2171.5419.6249.2151.820.5719.6613.1198.8328.20180.604067.50246.10

199410930.41652.11003.3391.81184.7765.4440.749.41240.21278621.8784.00636.4010047.80882.60

1995158582302.11323.6516.11525.91116.6658.33171529.61785.4853.21622.20949.1014499.101358.90

1996237323709.92008.51258.72078.21611.7881.1440.92016.82667.81088.43041.801744.7022548.501183.50

199752896.68010.44418.84197.14738.92803.21857.9762.51930.23664.61770.96862.109214.6050231.202665.40

199877616.612268.13183.96815.76707.65205.12866.91049.72057.94539.83357.58396.9016611.5073060.604556.00

1999106886.715742.73517.59069.98347.27535.64108.51019.52795.54974.67212.85237.6033347.00102908.403978.30

2000149167.823250.73710.411242.11406013947.77683.11522.64213.69091.89769.72554.0043220.90144266.604901.20

2001184012.213586.46774.723636.61757920017.111050.12591.15892.610680.114106.83806.5046427.00176148.007864.20

2002226823.616843.79429.227012.72375925331.113579.62982.18684.611729.118485.63264.7053020.00214121.4012702.20

anulinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicealte cheltuieli

199115.3711.545.5214.564.372.860.7418.266.666.027.700.006.40100.00

199213.789.403.9512.034.203.140.6320.0811.053.8510.420.407.07100.00

199315.038.493.989.735.783.520.4816.6814.214.617.614.195.71100.00

199415.119.183.5810.847.004.030.4511.3511.695.697.175.828.07100.00

199514.528.353.259.627.044.152.009.6511.265.3810.235.988.57100.00

199615.638.465.308.766.793.711.868.5011.244.5912.827.354.99100.00

199715.148.357.938.965.303.511.443.656.933.3512.9717.425.04100.00

199815.814.108.788.646.713.691.352.655.854.3310.8221.405.87100.00

199914.733.298.497.817.053.840.952.624.656.754.9031.203.72100.00

200015.592.497.549.439.355.151.022.826.106.551.7128.973.29100.00

20017.383.6812.859.5510.886.011.413.205.807.672.0725.234.27100.00

20027.434.1611.9110.4711.175.991.313.835.178.151.4423.375.60100.00

1996199719981999200020012002

Turcia

Cheltuieli publice (mld.lire)3966.008617.0016762.0029467.0049134.0088403.00

P.I.B. (mld.lire)14772.0028836.0052225.0077415.00124982.00178412.00

Ritm ch.pub117.2794.5275.8066.7479.92

Ritm PIB95.2181.1148.2361.4442.75

e1.231.171.571.091.87

Tailanda

Cheltuieli publice (mil.baht)819083.00875714.00842581.00833042.00853067.00908613.00955270.00

P.I.B.(mld.baht)4611.004732.604626.404632.104904.705100.70

Ritm ch.pub6.91-3.78-1.132.406.51

Ritm PIB2.64-2.240.125.894.00

e2.621.69-9.190.411.63

Polonia

Cheltuieli publice (mil.zlot)153047.00185431.00207370.00216685.00236711.00

P.I.B. (mil.zlot)387827.00472350.00553560.00615115.00684982.00722341.00

Ritm ch.pub21.1611.834.499.24-100.00

Ritm PIB21.7917.1911.1211.365.45

e0.970.690.400.81-18.34

1999200020012002

CBS prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)93384.40143755.30166832.10237832.10

CBS executate (mld.lei)106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Grad de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat1.141.041.100.95

Deficit bugetar (%)-2.50-3.60-3.30-2.90

Coeficientul de elasticitate a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in raport cu P.I.B.0.800.800.500.80

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Rata colarizrii (%)

nvmnt primar92.4093.8096.9099.7099.5099.1097.5099.80100.00100.00

nvmnt gimnazial88.9086.1086.5084.3086.7086.4092.3094.3093.9094.70

nvmnt liceal76.1065.7063.7066.1068.6069.1068.6067.8069.4071.70

nvmnt superior12.5020.2022.7022.7020.9022.2022.7025.4028.0031.90

Numr de elevi/studeni ce revin unui cadru didactic17.0016.0016.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.00

nvmnt primar20.0020.0020.0021.0020.0020.0019.0019.0019.0018.00

nvmnt gimnazial14.0013.0012.0011.0011.0011.0012.0012.0013.0013.00

nvmnt liceal19.0017.0016.0015.0015.0015.0014.0013.0013.0013.00

nvmnt superior15.0019.0020.0019.0019.0016.0016.0017.0019.0021.00

Cheltuieli publice pentru educaie (% P.I.B.)3.603.603.203.103.403.603.303.303.203.10

Cheltuieli publice destinate nvmntului superior (% total cheltuieli publice pentru educaie)12.0012.5011.7014.0014.2017.8015.9019.0016.7010.80

Populaia ocupat din sectorul public (%)

nvmnt4.104.304.404.604.704.704.805.104.90

corel(CPE/PIB,rata scolarizarii)

nvmnt primar-0.65

nvmnt gimnazial-0.35

nvmnt liceal0.29

nvmnt superior-0.72

corel(CPE/PIB,nr.studenti)0.51

nvmnt primar0.30

nvmnt gimnazial0.17

nvmnt liceal0.65

nvmnt superior-0.63

correl(CPE/CT,rata scoalrizarii)

nvmnt primar0.47

nvmnt gimnazial0.26

nvmnt liceal-0.11

nvmnt superior0.15

corel(CPE/CT,nr.studenti)-0.55

nvmnt primar-0.06


nvmnt liceal-0.50

nvmnt superior-0.48

correl(CPE/PIB,salariati)-0.34

correl(CPE/CT, salariati)0.46

correl(salariati,rata scolarizarii)

nvmnt primar0.77

nvmnt gimnazial0.79

nvmnt liceal0.81

nvmnt superior0.74

correl(salariati, nr.studenti)-0.77

nvmnt primar-0.69

nvmnt gimnazial0.19

nvmnt liceal-0.93

nvmnt superior-0.14

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Bulgaria

Cheltuieli curente (mil.leva)31.4045.1079.40145.90230.60510.503347.403562.304352.004943.40

Cheltuieli de capital (mil.leva)1.002.202.403.705.006.30155.30345.30501.00790.70

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mil.leva)32.4047.3081.80149.60235.60516.803502.703907.604851.005734.20

%Cc Bulgaria96.9195.3597.0797.5397.8898.7895.5791.1689.7186.21

%Ccap Bulgaria3.094.652.932.472.121.224.438.8410.3313.79

Germania

Cheltuieli curente (mld.mrci)279.95296.87301.88308.27317.08308.03309.17311.94478.07

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.mrci)53.2657.5953.1044.6551.7849.4343.8349.1948.78

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.mrci)333.21354.46354.98352.92368.86357.46353.00361.13526.85

%Cc Germania84.0283.7585.0487.3585.9686.1787.5886.3890.74

%Ccap Germania15.9816.2514.9612.6514.0413.8312.4213.629.26

Polonia

Cheltuieli curente (mil.zloi)43451.0062062.0075374.0088875.0098366.0099635.00110216.00

Cheltuieli de capital (mil.zloi)2688.003519.004751.006511.008253.005710.006672.00

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mil.zloi)46139.0065581.0080125.0095386.00106619.00105345.00116888.00

%Cc Polonia94.1794.6394.0793.1792.2694.5894.29

%Ccap Polonia5.835.375.936.837.745.425.71

S.U.A.

Cheltuieli curente (mld.dolari)603.89646.63681.40723.40745.61783.09821.23877.13

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.dolari)51.4451.3555.1260.5562.0863.6468.7174.44

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.dolari)655.33697.98736.52783.59807.69846.43889.94951.57

%Cc SUA92.1592.6492.5292.3292.3192.5292.2892.18

%Ccap SUA7.857.367.487.737.697.527.727.82

Romnia *)

Cheltuieli curente (mld.lei)77868.8084633.30130144.60

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.lei)5047.803497.934406.80

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.lei)88443.7093384.40143755.30

%Cc Romania88.0490.6390.53

%Ccap Romania5.713.753.07

tema3

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturi curente

Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (deflator PIB)

Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (indicele preturilor)

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat (mld.lei)

Grafic nr.1Evolutia comparativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in expresie nominala si reala in perioada 1990-2002

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Ponderea cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B.

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Ponderea cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B. (%)

Grafic nr.3Evolutia ponderii cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B. in perioada 1990-2002

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat medii pe cap de locuitor (USD/loc.)

Modificarea relativa a cursului de schimb (%)

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Grafic nr.4Evolutia cheltuielilor bugetului de stat medii pe cap de locuitor comparativ cu modificarea relativa a cursului de schimb in perioada 1990-2002

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Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat (%)

Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)

Anul

Grafic nr.5Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat si a P.I.B. in perioada 1990-2002

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturile constante, anul 1990

Anul


Grafic nr.2Evolutia cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in preturi curente si in preturi constante

Sheet2

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Grafic nr.6Structura cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in anul 1992

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Ritm PIB

Anul

Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B.in Turcia in perioada 1996-2001

00

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Ritm ch.pub

Ritm PIB

Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B. in Tailanda in perioada 1996-2001

00

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Ritm ch.pub

Ritm PIB

Modificarea reltaiva a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B. in Polonia in perioada 1996-2001

000

000

000

000

Grad de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat

Deficit bugetar (%)

Coeficientul de elasticitate a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in raport cu P.I.B.

Grafic nr.10Evolutia comparativa a gradului de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat, a deficitului bugetar si a coeficientului de elasticitate a cheltuielilor in perioada 1999-2002

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nvmnt primar

nvmnt primar

Cheltuieli publice pentru educaie (% P.I.B.)

Cheltuieli publice destinate nvmntului superior (% total cheltuieli publice pentru educaie)

nvmnt

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%Cc Bulgaria

%Cc Germania

%Cc Polonia

%Cc SUA

%Cc Romania

Anul

Evolutia comparativa a ponderii cheltuielilor curente in total cheltuieli

Anul19981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)93384.40143755.30166832.10237832.10

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat executate (mld.lei)106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Eficacitate (%)114.46103.77110.3095.37

P.I.B. (mld.lei)371193.80539356.90796533.701154126.001498600.00

Dinamica PIB (%)45.3047.6844.8929.85

Dinamica CBS realizate39.5623.3623.27

Anul1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Indicator

Cheltuieli publice pentru ordine public (% P.I.B.)2.702.703.604.604.404.403.304.203.705.40

Numr total deinui60883.0069143.0083247.0095795.00101705.00104029.00111926.00106221.0087576.0075407.00

Cazuri de furt i tlhrie la 10000 de locuitori123.00158.00175.00211.00227.00230.00234.00210.00164.00134.00

Dinamica nr.detinuti (%)13.5720.4015.076.172.297.59-5.10-17.55-13.90

Dinamica cazurilor de furt si talharie (%)28.4610.7620.577.581.321.74-10.26-21.90-18.29

Cheltuieli publice pentru ordine public (% P.I.B.)

Dinamica nr.detinuti (%)

Dinamica cazurilor de furt si talharie (%)

Anul

Grafic nr.4.6.1Dinamica numarului de detinuti si cazuri de talharie vs.ponderea cheltuielilor pentru ordine publica in PIB




anulPIB (mld.lei)Deficit bugetar (%)invatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publice

19912203.9-1.982.762.129.778.323.515.4498.235.832.441.40

19926029.2-4.4224.215364.3195.768.351.110.2326.7179.862.6169.606.50

199320035.7-2.6648.4366.2171.5419.6249.2151.820.5719.6613.1198.8328.20180.60

199449773.2-4.21652.11003.3391.81184.7765.4440.749.41240.21278621.8784.00636.40

199572135.5-4.12302.11323.6516.11525.91116.6658.33171529.61785.4853.21622.20949.10

1996108919.6-4.93709.92008.51258.72078.21611.7881.1440.92016.82667.81088.43041.801744.70

1997252925.7-3.68010.44418.84197.14738.92803.21857.9762.51930.23664.61770.96862.109214.60

1998371193.8-2.812268.13183.96815.76707.65205.12866.91049.72057.94539.83357.58396.9016611.50

1999539356.9-2.515742.73517.59069.98347.27535.64108.51019.52795.54974.67212.85237.6033347.00

2000796533.7-3.623250.73710.411242.11406013947.77683.11522.64213.69091.89769.72554.0043220.90

20011154126-3.113586.46774.723636.61757920017.111050.12591.15892.610680.114106.83806.5046427.00

20021498600-2.9216843.79429.227012.72375925331.113579.62982.18684.611729.118485.63264.7053020.00

anulinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicedeficit

19913.752.821.353.551.070.700.184.461.621.471.880.001.9

19923.722.541.073.251.130.850.175.422.981.042.810.114.4

19933.241.830.862.091.240.760.103.593.060.991.640.902.6

19943.322.020.792.381.540.890.102.492.571.251.581.284.2

19953.191.830.722.121.550.910.442.122.481.182.251.324.1

19963.411.841.161.911.480.810.401.852.451.002.791.604.9

19973.171.751.661.871.110.730.300.761.450.702.713.643.6

19983.310.861.841.811.400.770.280.551.220.902.264.482.8

19992.920.651.681.551.400.760.190.520.921.340.976.182.5

20002.920.471.411.771.750.960.190.531.141.230.325.433.6

20011.180.592.051.521.730.960.220.510.931.220.334.023.1

20021.120.631.801.591.690.910.200.580.781.230.223.542.92

corel deficit0.20261739740.2048811517-0.4542617147-0.0152428890.19562635590.41746084360.42368639640.08796306260.4992759923-0.36290747140.4314779499-0.247456523

BulgariaTurciaRomaniaPoloniaGermania

anulDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimb

1996-332.817610.1779-12381477281405-4.91089203084.2-78263878272.6961-3.41.5048

1997353.3174331.6819-244428836151865-3.62529267167.9-83044723503.2793-2.71.7341

1998599.2224211.7604-438752225260724-2.83737988875.6-53825535603.47542.21.7597

1999348.7237901.8364-1007677415418783-2.554573015332.8-47946151153.9671-1.60.9386

2000154.9267532.1233-14263124982625219-3.680030821708.720896849824.3461-1.21.0854

2001556.2296182.1847-349631784121225588-3.1115412629060.87223414.0939-2.71.1175

20022.0771507226-2.9233055.44.081.0626

BulgariaTurciaRomaniaPoloniaGermaniaS.U.A.

anulDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimb

1996-18.900.10-8.380.19-4.900.20-2.020.68-3.400.68-1.421.05

19972.030.92-8.480.36-3.600.47-1.760.83-2.700.83-0.031.14

19982.670.96-8.400.62-2.800.58-0.970.882.200.880.621.18

19991.471.00-13.021.00-2.501.00-0.781.00-1.601.001.691.16

20000.581.16-11.411.49-3.601.420.301.10-1.201.100.921.21

20011.881.19-19.602.93-3.101.900.001.03-2.701.031.29

2002

Anul199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Cheltuieli bugetare (% PIB)24.524.426.921.521.921.921.720.920.719.518.615

Rata omajului (%)38.210.410.99.56.68.910.411.810.58.6

Rata inflaiei (%)5.1170.2210.4256.1136.732.338.8154.859.145.845.734.5

Deficit bugetar (%)0.41.94.42.64.24.14.93.62.82.53.63.1

Anul1997199819992000

Datoria extern (%)24.322.224.826.8

Datoria public intern (%)67.312.79.3

Costul datoriei publice interne (%)2.93.54.54

Cheltuielile bugetare anuale (%)13.416.32220.4

Deficit buget de stat (%)3.62.82.53.6

Anul199619971998199920002001

Bulgaria

Rata dobanzii pe piata monetara (%)119.8866.432.482.933.023.74

Randamentul bonurilor de tezaur (%)114.3178.356.025.434.214.57

Deficit bugetar (%)-18.902.032.671.470.581.88

Investitii (mil.leva)238.001914.002920.003600.004206.005259.00

Investitii (1996=100)100.00804.20152.56123.29116.83125.04

Polonia


Randamentul bonurilor de tezaur (%)20.3021.6019.1013.1016.60

Deficit bugetar (%)-2.02-1.76-0.97-0.780.300.00

Investitii (mil.zloti)80390.00110853.00139205.00156690.00170430.00155563.00

Investitii (1996=100)100.00137.89125.58112.56108.7791.28

Romania



Deficit bugetar (%)-4.90-3.60-2.80-2.50-3.60-3.10

Investitii (mld.lei)24999.0053540.0067920.0096630.00151486.00219289.00

Investitii (1996=100)100214.17126.86142.27156.77144.76

Datoria extern (%)24.322.224.826.8


politici14.2857142857

demografici14.2857142857

economici14.2857142857

sociali14.2857142857

urbanizarea14.2857142857

militari14.2857142857

istorici14.2857142857

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Curs de schimb

Deficit bugetar (%)

Curs de schimb (1999=1)

Grafic nr. 6.2Turcia

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Grafic nr. 6.3Romania

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Grafic nr. 6.4Polonia

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Grafic nr. 6.5Germania

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Grafic nr. 6.1Bulgaria

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Grafic nr. 6.6S.U.A.

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Datoria extern (%)

Datoria public intern (%)

Costul datoriei publice interne (%)

Cheltuielile bugetare anuale (%)

Deficit buget de stat (%)

Anul

Grafic nr. 6.1

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Anul

Grafic nr. 5.4 Romania

EXEMPLE:

Sursa: National Human Development Report Romania 2001-2002

Anul1991199219931994199519961997199819992000IndicatorCheltuieli publice pentru ordine public (% P.I.B.)2.72.73.64.64.44.43.34.23.75.4Numr total deinui608836914383247957951017051040291119261062218757675407Cazuri de furt i tlhrie la 10000 de locuitori123 158175211227230234210164134

Chart1

60883123

69143158

83247175

95795211

101705227

104029230

111926234

106221210

87576164

75407134

Numr total deinui

Cazuri de furt i tlhrie la 10000 de locuitori

tema3

Anul1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat (mld.lei)210.20537.901627.004313.6010930.4015858.0023732.0052896.6077616.60106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

P.I.B. (mld.lei)857.902203.906029.2020035.7049773.2072135.50108919.60252925.70371193.80539356.90796533.701154126.001498600.00

Curs de schimb (lei/USD)22.4376.39307.95760.051655.092033.263082.607167.948874.8116295.5719955.7529060.8633055.46

Populaie (mil.loc.)23.2023.1822.7822.7522.7322.6822.6022.5422.4822.4522.4322.4322.43

Deflator P.I.B. (%)113.60295.10300.00327.40239.10135.30145.30247.30155.20147.80144.10137.00124.30

Indicele preurilor (%)105.10270.20310.40236.70356.70132.30138.80254.80159.10145.80145.70134.50122.50

P90 (%)1.002.708.3919.8570.8193.68130.03331.33527.14768.571119.811506.141845.03

Anul1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat in expresie nominala (mld.lei)210.20537.901627.004313.6010930.4015858.0023732.0052896.6077616.60106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat in expresie reala (mld.lei)

1)deflator PIB185.0182.3542.31317.54571.511720.616333.121389.650010.772318.5103516.9134315.5182480.8

2)IP200.0199.1524.21822.43064.311986.417098.020760.048784.873310.5102380.1136812.0185162.1

3)P90210.2199.1194.0217.3154.4169.3182.5159.7147.2139.1133.2122.2122.9

Ponderea CBS in PIB (%)24.5024.4126.9921.5321.9621.9821.7920.9120.9119.8218.7315.9415.14

CBS medii/loc (USD/loc)403.94303.77231.93249.47290.55343.88340.65327.40389.04292.17333.26282.30305.93

Modificarea absoluta a CBS (mld.lei)



Modificarea relativa a CBS (%)



Modificarea ponderii CBS in PIB (%)-0.12.6-5.50.40.0-0.2-0.9-0.0-1.1-1.1-2.8-0.8

Modificarea CBS/loc. (USD/loc)-100.2-71.817.541.153.3-3.2-13.261.6-96.941.1-51.023.6

Coeficientul de elasticitate a CBS1.01.20.71.01.01.00.91.00.80.80.50.8

Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)156.9173.6232.3148.444.951.0132.246.845.347.744.929.8

AnulCheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturi curenteCheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (deflator PIB)Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (indicele preturilor)Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturile constante, anul 1990Ponderea cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B.Cheltuielile bugetului de stat medii pe cap de locuitor (USD/loc.)Curs de schimbPopulatiaModificarea relativa a cursului de schimb (%)Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat (%)Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)

1990210.20185.00200.00200.0024.50403.9422.4323.2022.4522.4322.4322.43

1991537.90182.30199.10199.1024.41303.7776.3923.18240.57155.90156.90

19921627.00542.30524.20194.0026.99231.93307.9522.78303.13202.50173.60

19934313.601317.5018222.40217.3021.53249.47760.0522.75146.81165.10232.30

199410930.404571.503064.30154.4021.96290.551655.0922.73117.76153.40148.40

199515858.0011720.6011986.40169.3021.98343.882033.2622.6822.8545.1044.90

199623732.0016333.1017098.00182.5021.79340.653082.6022.6051.6149.7051.00

199752896.6021389.6020760.00159.7020.91327.407167.9422.54132.53122.90132.20

199877616.6050010.7048784.80147.2020.91389.048874.8122.4823.8146.7046.80

1999106886.7072318.5073310.50139.1019.82292.1716295.5722.4583.6237.7045.30

2000149167.80103516.90102380.10133.2018.73333.2619955.7522.4322.4639.6047.70

2001184012.20134315.50136812.00122.2015.94282.3029060.8622.4345.6323.4044.90

2002226823.60182480.80185162.10122.9015.14305.9333055.4622.4313.7523.3029.60

anulcheltuieli bug.stat-totalinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicealte cheltuieli

1991537.982.762.129.778.323.515.4498.235.832.441.40503.5034.40

19921627224.215364.3195.768.351.110.2326.7179.862.6169.606.501512.00115.00

19934313.6648.4366.2171.5419.6249.2151.820.5719.6613.1198.8328.20180.604067.50246.10

199410930.41652.11003.3391.81184.7765.4440.749.41240.21278621.8784.00636.4010047.80882.60

1995158582302.11323.6516.11525.91116.6658.33171529.61785.4853.21622.20949.1014499.101358.90

1996237323709.92008.51258.72078.21611.7881.1440.92016.82667.81088.43041.801744.7022548.501183.50

199752896.68010.44418.84197.14738.92803.21857.9762.51930.23664.61770.96862.109214.6050231.202665.40

199877616.612268.13183.96815.76707.65205.12866.91049.72057.94539.83357.58396.9016611.5073060.604556.00

1999106886.715742.73517.59069.98347.27535.64108.51019.52795.54974.67212.85237.6033347.00102908.403978.30

2000149167.823250.73710.411242.11406013947.77683.11522.64213.69091.89769.72554.0043220.90144266.604901.20

2001184012.213586.46774.723636.61757920017.111050.12591.15892.610680.114106.83806.5046427.00176148.007864.20

2002226823.616843.79429.227012.72375925331.113579.62982.18684.611729.118485.63264.7053020.00214121.4012702.20

anulinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicealte cheltuieli

199115.3711.545.5214.564.372.860.7418.266.666.027.700.006.40100.00

199213.789.403.9512.034.203.140.6320.0811.053.8510.420.407.07100.00

199315.038.493.989.735.783.520.4816.6814.214.617.614.195.71100.00

199415.119.183.5810.847.004.030.4511.3511.695.697.175.828.07100.00

199514.528.353.259.627.044.152.009.6511.265.3810.235.988.57100.00

199615.638.465.308.766.793.711.868.5011.244.5912.827.354.99100.00

199715.148.357.938.965.303.511.443.656.933.3512.9717.425.04100.00

199815.814.108.788.646.713.691.352.655.854.3310.8221.405.87100.00

199914.733.298.497.817.053.840.952.624.656.754.9031.203.72100.00

200015.592.497.549.439.355.151.022.826.106.551.7128.973.29100.00

20017.383.6812.859.5510.886.011.413.205.807.672.0725.234.27100.00

20027.434.1611.9110.4711.175.991.313.835.178.151.4423.375.60100.00

1996199719981999200020012002

Turcia

Cheltuieli publice (mld.lire)3966.008617.0016762.0029467.0049134.0088403.00

P.I.B. (mld.lire)14772.0028836.0052225.0077415.00124982.00178412.00

Ritm ch.pub117.2794.5275.8066.7479.92

Ritm PIB95.2181.1148.2361.4442.75

e1.231.171.571.091.87

Tailanda

Cheltuieli publice (mil.baht)819083.00875714.00842581.00833042.00853067.00908613.00955270.00

P.I.B.(mld.baht)4611.004732.604626.404632.104904.705100.70

Ritm ch.pub6.91-3.78-1.132.406.51

Ritm PIB2.64-2.240.125.894.00

e2.621.69-9.190.411.63

Polonia

Cheltuieli publice (mil.zlot)153047.00185431.00207370.00216685.00236711.00

P.I.B. (mil.zlot)387827.00472350.00553560.00615115.00684982.00722341.00

Ritm ch.pub21.1611.834.499.24-100.00

Ritm PIB21.7917.1911.1211.365.45

e0.970.690.400.81-18.34

1999200020012002

CBS prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)93384.40143755.30166832.10237832.10

CBS executate (mld.lei)106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Grad de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat1.141.041.100.95

Deficit bugetar (%)-2.50-3.60-3.30-2.90

Coeficientul de elasticitate a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in raport cu P.I.B.0.800.800.500.80

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Rata colarizrii (%)

nvmnt primar92.4093.8096.9099.7099.5099.1097.5099.80100.00100.00

nvmnt gimnazial88.9086.1086.5084.3086.7086.4092.3094.3093.9094.70

nvmnt liceal76.1065.7063.7066.1068.6069.1068.6067.8069.4071.70

nvmnt superior12.5020.2022.7022.7020.9022.2022.7025.4028.0031.90

Numr de elevi/studeni ce revin unui cadru didactic17.0016.0016.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.0015.00

nvmnt primar20.0020.0020.0021.0020.0020.0019.0019.0019.0018.00

nvmnt gimnazial14.0013.0012.0011.0011.0011.0012.0012.0013.0013.00

nvmnt liceal19.0017.0016.0015.0015.0015.0014.0013.0013.0013.00

nvmnt superior15.0019.0020.0019.0019.0016.0016.0017.0019.0021.00

Cheltuieli publice pentru educaie (% P.I.B.)3.603.603.203.103.403.603.303.303.203.10

Cheltuieli publice destinate nvmntului superior (% total cheltuieli publice pentru educaie)12.0012.5011.7014.0014.2017.8015.9019.0016.7010.80

Populaia ocupat din sectorul public (%)

nvmnt4.104.304.404.604.704.704.805.104.90

corel(CPE/PIB,rata scolarizarii)

nvmnt primar-0.65


nvmnt liceal0.29

nvmnt superior-0.72

corel(CPE/PIB,nr.studenti)0.51

nvmnt primar0.30

nvmnt gimnazial0.17

nvmnt liceal0.65

nvmnt superior-0.63

correl(CPE/CT,rata scoalrizarii)

nvmnt primar0.47

nvmnt gimnazial0.26

nvmnt liceal-0.11

nvmnt superior0.15

corel(CPE/CT,nr.studenti)-0.55

nvmnt primar-0.06


nvmnt liceal-0.50

nvmnt superior-0.48

correl(CPE/PIB,salariati)-0.34

correl(CPE/CT, salariati)0.46

correl(salariati,rata scolarizarii)

nvmnt primar0.77

nvmnt gimnazial0.79

nvmnt liceal0.81

nvmnt superior0.74

correl(salariati, nr.studenti)-0.77

nvmnt primar-0.69

nvmnt gimnazial0.19

nvmnt liceal-0.93

nvmnt superior-0.14

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Bulgaria

Cheltuieli curente (mil.leva)31.4045.1079.40145.90230.60510.503347.403562.304352.004943.40

Cheltuieli de capital (mil.leva)1.002.202.403.705.006.30155.30345.30501.00790.70

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mil.leva)32.4047.3081.80149.60235.60516.803502.703907.604851.005734.20

%Cc Bulgaria96.9195.3597.0797.5397.8898.7895.5791.1689.7186.21

%Ccap Bulgaria3.094.652.932.472.121.224.438.8410.3313.79

Germania

Cheltuieli curente (mld.mrci)279.95296.87301.88308.27317.08308.03309.17311.94478.07

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.mrci)53.2657.5953.1044.6551.7849.4343.8349.1948.78

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.mrci)333.21354.46354.98352.92368.86357.46353.00361.13526.85

%Cc Germania84.0283.7585.0487.3585.9686.1787.5886.3890.74

%Ccap Germania15.9816.2514.9612.6514.0413.8312.4213.629.26

Polonia

Cheltuieli curente (mil.zloi)43451.0062062.0075374.0088875.0098366.0099635.00110216.00

Cheltuieli de capital (mil.zloi)2688.003519.004751.006511.008253.005710.006672.00

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mil.zloi)46139.0065581.0080125.0095386.00106619.00105345.00116888.00

%Cc Polonia94.1794.6394.0793.1792.2694.5894.29

%Ccap Polonia5.835.375.936.837.745.425.71

S.U.A.

Cheltuieli curente (mld.dolari)603.89646.63681.40723.40745.61783.09821.23877.13

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.dolari)51.4451.3555.1260.5562.0863.6468.7174.44

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.dolari)655.33697.98736.52783.59807.69846.43889.94951.57

%Cc SUA92.1592.6492.5292.3292.3192.5292.2892.18

%Ccap SUA7.857.367.487.737.697.527.727.82

Romnia *)

Cheltuieli curente (mld.lei)77868.8084633.30130144.60

Cheltuieli de capital (mld.lei)5047.803497.934406.80

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat - total (mld.lei)88443.7093384.40143755.30

%Cc Romania88.0490.6390.53

%Ccap Romania5.713.753.07

tema3

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (deflator PIB)

Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in expresie reala (indicele preturilor)

Anul


Grafic nr.1Evolutia comparativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in expresie nominala si reala in perioada 1990-2002

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Ponderea cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B. (%)

Grafic nr.3Evolutia ponderii cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in P.I.B. in perioada 1990-2002

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Modificarea relativa a cursului de schimb (%)

Anul

Grafic nr.4Evolutia cheltuielilor bugetului de stat medii pe cap de locuitor comparativ cu modificarea relativa a cursului de schimb in perioada 1990-2002

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Modificarea relativa a PIB (%)

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Grafic nr.5Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat si a P.I.B. in perioada 1990-2002

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Cheltuielile bugetului de stat in preturile constante, anul 1990

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Grafic nr.2Evolutia cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in preturi curente si in preturi constante

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Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B.in Turcia in perioada 1996-2001

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Ritm ch.pub

Ritm PIB

Modificarea relativa a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B. in Tailanda in perioada 1996-2001

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Ritm PIB

Modificarea reltaiva a cheltuielilor publice si a P.I.B. in Polonia in perioada 1996-2001

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Grad de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat

Deficit bugetar (%)

Coeficientul de elasticitate a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat in raport cu P.I.B.

Grafic nr.10Evolutia comparativa a gradului de realizare a cheltuielilor bugetului de stat, a deficitului bugetar si a coeficientului de elasticitate a cheltuielilor in perioada 1999-2002

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nvmnt primar

nvmnt primar

Cheltuieli publice pentru educaie (% P.I.B.)

Cheltuieli publice destinate nvmntului superior (% total cheltuieli publice pentru educaie)

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%Cc Bulgaria

%Cc Germania

%Cc Polonia

%Cc SUA

%Cc Romania

Anul

Evolutia comparativa a ponderii cheltuielilor curente in total cheltuieli

Anul19981999200020012002

Indicatori

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat prevzute de legile bugetare (mld.lei)93384.40143755.30166832.10237832.10

Cheltuieli ale bugetului de stat executate (mld.lei)106886.70149167.80184012.20226823.60

Eficacitate (%)114.46103.77110.3095.37

P.I.B. (mld.lei)371193.80539356.90796533.701154126.001498600.00

Dinamica PIB (%)45.3047.6844.8929.85

Anul1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Indicator

Cheltuieli publice pentru ordine public (% P.I.B.)2.702.703.604.604.404.403.304.203.705.40

Numr total deinui60883.0069143.0083247.0095795.00101705.00104029.00111926.00106221.0087576.0075407.00

Cazuri de furt i tlhrie la 10000 de locuitori123.00158.00175.00211.00227.00230.00234.00210.00164.00134.00

Dinamica nr.detinuti (%)13.5720.4015.076.172.297.59-5.10-17.55-13.90

Dinamica cazurilor de furt si talharie (%)28.4610.7620.577.581.321.74-10.26-21.90-18.29




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Numr total deinui

Cazuri de furt i tlhrie la 10000 de locuitori

Cheltuieli publice pentru ordine public (% P.I.B.)

anulPIB (mld.lei)Deficit bugetar (%)invatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publice

19912203.9-1.982.762.129.778.323.515.4498.235.832.441.40

19926029.2-4.4224.215364.3195.768.351.110.2326.7179.862.6169.606.50

199320035.7-2.6648.4366.2171.5419.6249.2151.820.5719.6613.1198.8328.20180.60

199449773.2-4.21652.11003.3391.81184.7765.4440.749.41240.21278621.8784.00636.40

199572135.5-4.12302.11323.6516.11525.91116.6658.33171529.61785.4853.21622.20949.10

1996108919.6-4.93709.92008.51258.72078.21611.7881.1440.92016.82667.81088.43041.801744.70

1997252925.7-3.68010.44418.84197.14738.92803.21857.9762.51930.23664.61770.96862.109214.60

1998371193.8-2.812268.13183.96815.76707.65205.12866.91049.72057.94539.83357.58396.9016611.50

1999539356.9-2.515742.73517.59069.98347.27535.64108.51019.52795.54974.67212.85237.6033347.00

2000796533.7-3.623250.73710.411242.11406013947.77683.11522.64213.69091.89769.72554.0043220.90

20011154126-3.113586.46774.723636.61757920017.111050.12591.15892.610680.114106.83806.5046427.00

20021498600-2.9216843.79429.227012.72375925331.113579.62982.18684.611729.118485.63264.7053020.00

anulinvatamantsanatatepensii si alocatiiaparare nationalaordine publicaautoritati publicecercetare stiintificaindustrieagriculturatransporturi si telecomunicatiitransferuri de la bugetul de statdobanzi aferente datoriei publicedeficit

19913.752.821.353.551.070.700.184.461.621.471.880.001.9

19923.722.541.073.251.130.850.175.422.981.042.810.114.4

19933.241.830.862.091.240.760.103.593.060.991.640.902.6

19943.322.020.792.381.540.890.102.492.571.251.581.284.2

19953.191.830.722.121.550.910.442.122.481.182.251.324.1

19963.411.841.161.911.480.810.401.852.451.002.791.604.9

19973.171.751.661.871.110.730.300.761.450.702.713.643.6

19983.310.861.841.811.400.770.280.551.220.902.264.482.8

19992.920.651.681.551.400.760.190.520.921.340.976.182.5

20002.920.471.411.771.750.960.190.531.141.230.325.433.6

20011.180.592.051.521.730.960.220.510.931.220.334.023.1

20021.120.631.801.591.690.910.200.580.781.230.223.542.92

corel deficit0.20261739740.2048811517-0.4542617147-0.0152428890.19562635590.41746084360.42368639640.08796306260.4992759923-0.36290747140.4314779499-0.247456523

BulgariaTurciaRomaniaPoloniaGermania

anulDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimbDeficitPIBCurs de schimb

1996-332.817610.1779-12381477281405-4.91089203084.2-78263878272.6961-3.41.5048

1997353.3174331.6819-244428836151865-3.62529267167.9-83044723503.2793-2.71.7341

1998599.2224211.7604-438752225260724-2.83737988875.6-53825535603.47542.21.7597

1999348.7237901.8364-1007677415418783-2.554573015332.8-47946151153.9671-1.60.9386

2000154.9267532.1233-14263124982625219-3.680030821708.720896849824.3461-1.21.0854

2001556.2296182.1847-349631784121225588-3.1115412629060.87223414.0939-2.71.1175

20022.0771507226-2.9233055.44.081.0626

BulgariaTurciaRomaniaPoloniaGermaniaS.U.A.

anulDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimbDeficit (%)Curs de schimb

1996-18.900.10-8.380.19-4.900.20-2.020.68-3.400.68-1.421.05

19972.030.92-8.480.36-3.600.47-1.760.83-2.700.83-0.031.14

19982.670.96-8.400.62-2.800.58-0.970.882.200.880.621.18

19991.471.00-13.021.00-2.501.00-0.781.00-1.601.001.691.16

20000.581.16-11.411.49-3.601.420.301.10-1.201.100.921.21

20011.881.19-19.602.93-3.101.900.001.03-2.701.031.29

2002

Anul199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001

Cheltuieli bugetare (% PIB)24.524.426.921.521.921.921.720.920.719.518.615

Rata omajului (%)38.210.410.99.56.68.910.411.810.58.6

Rata inflaiei (%)5.1170.2210.4256.1136.732.338.8154.859.145.845.734.5

Deficit bugetar (%)0.41.94.42.64.24.14.93.62.82.53.63.1

Anul1997199819992000

Datoria extern (%)24.322.224.826.8


Costul datoriei publice interne (%)2.93.54.54

Cheltuielile bugetare anuale (%)13.416.32220.4

Deficit buget de stat (%)3.62.82.53.6

Anul199619971998199920002001

Bulgaria



Deficit bugetar (%)-18.902.032.671.470.581.88

Investitii (mil.leva)238.001914.002920.003600.004206.005259.00

Investitii (1996=100)100.00804.20152.56123.29116.83125.04

Polonia


Randamentul bonurilor de tezaur (%)20.3021.6019.1013.1016.60

Deficit bugetar (%)-2.02-1.76-0.97-0.780.300.00

Investitii (mil.zloti)80390.00110853.00139205.00156690.00170430.00155563.00

Investitii (1996=100)100.00137.89125.58112.56108.7791.28

Romania



Deficit bugetar (%)-4.90-3.60-2.80-2.50-3.60-3.10

Investitii (mld.lei)24999.0053540.0067920.0096630.00151486.00219289.00

Investitii (1996=100)100214.17126.86142.27156.77144.76

Datoria extern (%)24.322.224.826.8


politici14.2857142857

demografici14.2857142857

economici14.2857142857

sociali14.2857142857

urbanizarea14.2857142857

militari14.2857142857

istorici14.2857142857

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Grafic nr. 6.2Turcia

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Grafic nr. 6.3Romania

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Grafic nr. 6.5Germania

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Grafic nr. 6.6S.U.A.

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Grafic nr. 6.1

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Grafic nr. 5.4 Romania

CURS 10_Eficienta Cheltuielilor Publice

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Transcript of CURS 10_Eficienta Cheltuielilor Publice