Criminalitatea si consecintele ei in societatea umana C8.pptx

8/10/2019 Criminalitatea si consecintele ei in societatea umana C8.pptx

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Criminalitatea si consecintele ei insocietatea umana



Continutul cursului

• Definitia criminalitatii, explicatii, cauze, tipuride crima,

• Cine sunt criminalii, cine sunt victimile,

• Sistemul de justitie in SUA,

• Criminalitatea in Romania si UE,

•

Biologia judiciara, repere teoretice si practice.



Myth or Fact?

• Many crimes are

committed by people who

are otherwise considered

quite respectable bythemselves and others.

• Crimes are

committed by the

less educated

people of society.

Fact Myth



Explanations of Crime

Biological

explanationsview crime as

arising from

people’s

physical

constitution or

genetic makeup.

Psychologicalexplanationsview crime as

being linked topersonalitydisorders or

maladjustments,often developing

duringchildhood.



The Functionalist Perspective

• Crime arises in part from the weakened bondsto family, church, and community.

– Anomie theory (absenta normelor sociale) views

crime as a consequence of the inconsistency orconfusion between the goals people are taught tostrive for and the culturally approved means theyhave available to achieve these goals.



The Conflict Perspective

• Conflict theorists (teoria conflictuala) arguethat it is powerful groups in society thatdecide which crimes will be considered

serious problems and who will be arrestedand sent to jail for committing crimes.

• Contradictions in capitalism are also a source

of crime.



The Interactionist Perspective

• Cultural transmission theories(teoria mosteniriiculturale) posit that crimes are learned andculturally transmitted through socialization.

– Differential association theory sees crime as learnedthrough interaction with other people

– Labeling theory suggests that whether other people

define or label a person as deviant is a criticaldeterminant in the development of a pattern ofdeviant behavior.



Types of Crime

Juvenile Delinquency

Victimless Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized and Globalized Crime

Cybercrime

Property Crime

Violent Crime



Model type Environment Group Processes Impacts

NationalHistorical or

cultural basis

Family or

hierarchy

Secrecy/bonds.

Links to insurgents

Local

corruption/influenc

e. Fearful

community.

Transnational

Politically and

economical

unstable

Vertical integration Legitimate cover

Stable supply of

illicit goods. High

level corruption.

Transnational/trans

actionalAny

Flexible. Small

size.

Violent.

Opportunistic. Risk

taking

Unstable supply of

range of illicit

goods. Exploits

local young

offenders.

Entrepreneurial/tra

nsactional

Developed/high

technology regions

Individuals or

pairs.

Operating through

legitimateenterprise

Provision of illicit

services, e.g.

money laundering,fraud, criminal

networks.



Crime Rate in the U.S.

• According to the FBI,

– the crime and delinquency rates in the U.S. havebeen rising for a number of decades

– the rise appears to have leveled off in the 1980sand declined somewhat since the early 1990s.

• Some crime increases may reflect a likelihood

to report crime rather than a increase in theincidence of crime.



Who are the Criminals?•

Gender – Males have higher rates of involvement in practically all forms of

criminality.

• Age

– Teens have considerably higher rates of involvement.• Socioeconomic Status

– The relationship between socioeconomic status and crime isprobably more complicated and may be weak.

• Race

– Differences in arrest rates between racial groups exist; however,they may merely reflect biases of the criminal justice system,such as the likelihood of arrest.



Who are the Victims?

• Twenty-three out of every one thousandAmericans are crime victims each year.

• Race and sex affect rates of victimization withmales and blacks considerably more likely to bevictims.

• Offenders are often the victims of other

criminals.



The Criminal Justice System

• The Police

– The police have much discretion and sometimes donot receive the support of the public or the court.

• The courts – There is substantial case attrition following arrest.

– Plea bargaining is involved in over 90% of all

convictions for criminal offenses.



Future Prospects•

To control crime, social reforms that have animpact on the social conditions that cause crimeare needed.

• The legalization of some crimes would free policeto deal with the more serious crimes.

• The police could institute new law enforcementprocedures that would allow them to capture the

most serious offenders.

• The courts could be made more effective through judicial reform.



Future Prospects

• Alternatives to prison and prison reform could beenacted to improve the effectiveness of socialcontrol mechanisms.

• There could also be a reduction in theenvironmental opportunities to commit crimes.

• More opportunities for victim restitution could

be established through programs and policies.



• Biologia judiciară este un ansamblu de ştiinţe carebazîndu-se pe cunoştinţele de Biologie, le foloseştepentru descoperirea cauzelor, locului sau a altorargumente legate de existenţa unei crime.

•

Categorii ale Biologiei judiciare: Antropologia judiciară (recuperarea şi identificarea cadavrelor), Botanica judiciară (studiul vegetalelor pentru a furniza dovezi ale crimei),Odontologia judiciară (stabilirea identitatii cadavrului),Biologia moleculara a crimei (tehnici moleculare de

identificare), Entomologia judiciară (studiul insectelor carese dezvolta pe cadavre), Microbiologia judiciară (studiulmicoorganismelor necrofage)etc.



Biologia judiciară,

repere teoretice şi practice Vasile SÎRBU şi Ion SANDU

Universitatea “AL.I.CUZA” Iaşi



Motivatie

• Ridicarea nivelului de specializare şipolispecializare în rândul studenţilor.

“Promovarea cercetării ştiinţifice din domeniul criminalisticii în activitatea

judiciară” Autor Academia de Politie, „Al.I.Cuza”, Bucuresti, sef contract conf. Dr.Ion

Olteanu, Partener Universitatea „Al.I.Cuza”, Iasi, sef subcontract prof.dr. Ion Sandu,



Biologia judiciară

• Contribuie la colectarea probelor biologicepentru descoperirea si prevenirea unei crime.

• Foloseste metode şi procedee din toatesubramurile Biologiei anatomie umană,antropologie, zoologie, entomologie, botanică,microbiologie, hidrobiologie.

• Este în principal o ştiinţă de laborator.



Materiale şi mijloace folosite

• Trusa de entomologie,

• Incinte creştere larve,

•

Microscoape optice şi electronice, • Colecţii diferite,



A. Activitatea didactică

Programa analitică • Insusirea terminologiei de specialitate din domeniul

Biologiei judiciare, definirea unora din ramurile sale si inspecial a Entomologiei judiciare;

• Recunoasterea caracteristicilor morfologice a principalelor

specii de insecte necrofage de pe teritoriul Romaniei;• Cunoasterea principalelor tehnici de recoltare si crestere in

laborator a insectelor necrofage;• Corelarea conditiilor din biotopul in care a fost descoperit

cadavrul cu stadiile de dezvoltare a insectelor necrofage;• Calcularea PMI folosind stadiile dezvoltarii insectelor

necrofage.



Suportul de curs

• Cap. 1. Introducere • Cap. 2. Variabilitatea organismului uman

• Cap. 3. Etapele descompunerii cadavrului uman • Cap. 4. Leziuni intra şi extra celulare • Cap. 5. Ţesutul animal postmortem

• Cap.6.Microorganisme descompunătoare

• Cap. 7. Plantele inferioare şi superioare cu rol în degradarea cadavrului

• Cap. 8. Insecte necrofage • 8. 1. Caracterele morfologice generale ale insectelor • 8.2. Ciclul de dezvoltare la insecte • 8. 3. Caracterele generale morfologice ale dipterelor • 8.4. Biologia Calliphoridaelor • 8.5.Caracteristici ecologice ale muştelor verzi (Lucillia ) • 8.6.Sarcophagidae

• 8.7.Principalele specii de gîndaci de pe un cadavru • 8.8.Succesiunea generaţiilor de insect pe un cadavru

• 8.9.Colectarea insectelor de pe cadavru

• 8.10. Calcularea PMI

• Cap. 9. Vertebrate necrofage

• Cap. 10. Prezentarea probelor în faţa instantei



• Dragos GORGAN, Vasile SÎRBU, 2011 „Biologie judiciara”, Bucuresti, Editura AITCODE, 978-606-8363-09-7x3, 156p (67-156).



B. Activitatea de cercetare - Participarea la manifestări ştiinţifice,

- Articole ştiinţifice.



“Teaching Forensic Biology as a specialfield of education”

Vasile SirbuIon Sandu

Universitatea “Al.I.Cuza”, Iasi, Romania

ICEEM Sanghay , China, June 2012



“Multidisciplinary education byForensic Biology”

Vasile Sirbu,Ion Sandu and Naela Costica

“Al.I.Cuza” University, Iasi, Romania

International Conference for Academic Discipline, Viena , Austria 2013



• Sirbu V., Goldstein Silvia , “Cellular autolysis inintrapartum death; some structural characteristics”,

International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Volume1, Issue 2, 2011, pp3-7.

• Vasile Sirbu, Lenuta Brinza , “The incidence of irondeficiency anemia on the Botosani city population”,

prezentare orala, Diversitatea structural si functional inorganizarea biologica, Sesiune Ştiintifica cu participareInternational, Iasi, Romania, 7-8 octombrie 2012 10p

• Vasile Sirbu, Hagiu Maryjeana, Goldstein Silvia , “HPVinfection in some populations from the north easternRomania”, poster, VI International Symposium onEcology and Environemental Problems, Antalia, Turcia,16-21 noiembrie, 2012 25p



• Vasile Sirbu, Irina Liliana Florea, “Socio medical

implications of sy philis”, prezentare orala, InternationalScientific Session, Agigea Constanta, Romania, 21-22octombrie 2012 10p

• Sirbu V., Sandu I., 2012, “Forensic Biology as a SpecialField of Education”, International Conference on

economics, Education and Management, June 1-2Shanghai, China, ISBN 978-988-19750-3-4, pp425-428.

• Potoloca D., Sandu I., Olteanu G.I., Drochioiu G.,Mangalagiu I., Sirbu V., 2012, “Cercetarea criminalistica aelementelor de siguranta a documentelor de frontiera

ilicite”, European Exhibition of Creativity and Innovation,may 10-12, Iasi, Romania, pp363-376.



C.Activitatea de indrumare a studentilor.

Licenţe

Firul de păr

“Caracteristici morfo-structurale ale firului depăr la unele specii animale de companie

(fam. Canidae şi Felidae)”, student CăluianGeorge Gabi,



“Tipuri de păr ale scalpului din regiunea Bîrladului”,student Arfire Luminiţa,

• “Morfologia şi structura firului de păr al scalpului subinfluienţa tratamentelor cosmetice”, student BordeaAnişoara,



• Insecte necrofage

“Influienţa substratului asupra dezvoltăriianumitor specii de diptere necrofage”, student

Călin George Daniel



Concluzii

• Biologia judiciară oferă un domeniu nou destudii de specialitate pentru absolvenţii delicenţe.

• Educaţia în Biologia judiciară reprezintă undomeniu nou pentru România, care necesitămateriale didactice în limba română,

• Metodele şi procedeele folosite pentruprelucrarea materialelor acoperă o plajă largădin cele destinate biologiei, fizicii, chimiei,



SFIRSIT

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