CONTRADICŢII BIBLICE TEEMELII DUHOVNICEŞTI

8/2/2019 CONTRADICII BIBLICE TEEMELII DUHOVNICETI

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111A1 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@ S@D@BFF CPEK\GFJ@SF>5 C@ JKGSÂCFJFF AGABF_AS@ f CK\@CFS@ JA F^@AB@ f 181 L^ AGABF_

IGCFS@ F ACPGAS@ C@ BA I^PXPB DKCFAB AB AS@FBK^ C@ JS^@?KN@C@VA CK^FG CA\FC AP^@B N@G AEA^KG JKE@G

Ase`fzs Abbfagj` Fgs`~gasfkgab ANAJM ZSPCFK C@\A$DFGSFADfeaf \fsàp'M


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FGS^KCPJ@^@

Xa~` fgj~`cfnfb" ja skjdaf JKGSÂCFJFFB@ NFNBFJ@ "z lf` S@D@BF@

CPEK\GFJ@AZJ "x`gs~p pg jkxfb a bpf Cpdg``p'f c` knfj`f jb`~pb

Nfz`~fjfbk~"lf` x~`kf"lf` xazsk~f zap x~`nfs`~f `|fs zpnf`jspb f g|a `gk~faff

j zgs pg Z@DG JBA^ @\FC@GS AB AXKZSA_F@F=@^@_F@Ff A B@XC^FF C@

J^@CFG gzkfs` c` |`~z`s`b` nfnbfj` cfg Gkpb S`zsad`gs'

Gfdfj daf i~`fs' Lf`ja~` JKGSÂCFJF@ `zs` ja pg \@IE@SK^"PG IA^CFAGX_FSK^ g |faa j~`cfgjfkzpbpf' Ca~ gp as`ff zgs x`~fjkbpb NFNBF@F" jpbdà "

as`ff gj k ~`zx`js ja \ABKA^@ BFS@Â^ A KD@GF^FF'

$K z | |fg z j~c`f lka~` i~`p"jefa~ c`bkj?$ CA^" AS@FF ZGS X^FGS^@

J@F DAF J^@CFGJFKF KAD@GF C@ X@ XBAG@SA XDGS F ABJSPF@ZJ

ZSÔFB@ CFG KAZS@A CKDGPBPF"JA^@ \@IE@A_ BA \@GF^@A ^@\@GF^@A& BPF D@ZFA" ABSP^F C@ GAFPG@A FZÂ@B

Jgc skjdaf xkxk~pb bpf Cpdg``p k da~` xa~s` cfg b& a ajj`xsas z dpsfb``

Nfnbfa"fa~ jàbbs xa~s` "j`f j~`cfgjfkf f jp|fkfjp |f~spf ~àb`& ap ab`z z saj

~`z`dgaf f z zsà g i`gpgjef jp jaxpb xb`jas g jefx g`xpsfgjfkz f ap ab`z z

gp d~sp~fzàzj absk~ i`g`~aff aj`zs kzsfbfsas` jkgs~a bpf Ffzpz z|~fs x~fg

DPSFBA^@A NFNBF@BF@F' DPSFBA^@A NFNBF@F gp gzàdg ùjbpzf|`

labzflfja~à pgff gp zap daf jefgpfs z k labzflfj`=aa j ap s~`jps cf~`js ba ADXPSA^@A C@ J^F GS^@IF CFG NFNBF@x~fg @U[JAGKGF_A^@A BK^

JAS@E@^FZF^@A %`jbpc`~à cfg jkgfgpspb Nfnbf`f f nb`zs`da~à bk~ ja lffgc daf

x`~fjpbkaz` c`js j`b` labz` jp ac`|~as&'Ca~ Cpdg``p a ab`z ckp gkf a~das` '

AS@FF f AÊ@KBKIFFKAD@GFF C@ SFFG&


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Cpdg``p a fz bpf Dkfz` g C`ps`~kgkd? Zxpg`b$b` jkxffbk~ bpf Fz~a`b? Aa

|k~n`s` CKDGPB" d`~if f gs~àn x` j`f ja~` japs |~`dp~f zs~|`jef" fg

ac`|~ j gp ùfzs gfjf pg `p |~`cgfj c` jfgzs`" gjf c` gjefga~`?$gfjf dja~

pgpb ! Dja~ j zgs xps`~f j`~`sf' f gs~àn x` SICPFSK^F?[ja~` cpdg``p

zap `p c`zx~` ja~ ap albas j gp ùfzs=ja~` cfgs~` f a ljps x`gs~p pg gàd

c` kad`gf j` ad ljps @P"CKDGPB x`gs~p |kf"Fz~a`b; g laa ìfxs`gfbk~ ja~` gp

`zs` g jsfipb bk~ x`zs` |àjp~f z | cà |kp c~`xsas` " gfjf z$Df cà Df`

c~`xsas` ja z f z` b`x`c` c` cpdg``ff bk~?Skspf ap fz ? J@B ja~`

d`~i` jp zjba|ff `|~`f `zs` k Xps`~` c`kz`nfs c` skf `ff jjf gp f$a j~às ja z

zbpoàzj `fbk~ " gfjf ja z$F cfzs~pi daf axkf'$ C` ajjà a |`gfs la~akg f

ja~`b` bpf =g`npg x` ea~pb aj`zsa f jp i`bkf` da~`'

Ffzpz a zxpz? Caj |kf |`$f sjà ?$ac`|~as | zxpg j xf`s~`b` |k~ zs~fia f

|k~ d~sp~fzff c`zx~` Dfg` f bpj~a~à Dà?f acgjp~fb` xdgspbpf |k~ lf cas`

ala~ f |k~ d~sp~fzf x` Sasb D`pJjf dpbf ap ck~fs daf x~`zpz c` ap~ f

c` ~agip~f ja z |ac fpa azsa" x`ja~` k |`c f f k b`xcaf pk~! [f `f gp ap

a|ps xa~s` c` à' DAS@F

\kf acpj` pg gàd zs~|`jef c` kad`gf dxks~f|a |kzs~" ja~` gp F xkf

jpdx~a jp nagf" gfjf gp$F ac`d`gsf jp ja~gà l~ai`c a l`d`fbk~"gfjf jp |fg

gp$F ad``sf?pg gàd ja~` gp jpgkas` l~fja f gp japs ba laa kad`gfbk~ f z

saj ~pfgaf $ fj` Ckdgpb ja~` s`$a zjkz cfg @ifxs?$ Sicpfsk~ff jp adgpgspb"

j`~j`sgc skas` " sicpf`zj skas` f ~c c` j ~p~f f c` k~fj` gàd c` x`

xdgs'@f df |k~ lf KSF^@C@KZ@NFS C@ SKFf DA^SK^F J^@CFGJFKF ' f

|`$f sf jpd D$ad xp~sas @p jp |kf jaza bpf Fz~a`b"cfg fpa jgc |$ad zjkz cfg

a~a @ifxspbpf f xg af' f js |~`d` D |k~ jpsa g |~`dp~fb` zs~|`jef f

jpsgc acgj j gp ùfzs" daf acgj D |k~ jpsa'J`à j` |kf gp laj`f f

j~sff d`~`p' f js |~`d` D sicpf`zj f D japs j @p gp Zgs" $ |k~ lf

d~sp~f` gàdp~fbk~xdgspbpfJ @p Zgs |~`cgfj c` jpsas f J~`cfgjfkz cfg

|`jefd`'Jjf gfd`gf gp japs gfdfjpb ja z acpj g bpd` c``~sjfpg`f z

xa~ spsp~k~ g`npg!Aa ad z | laj |kp Jaza a bpf Fz~a`b g fb`b` g ja~` |

|`$f c`x~sa c` Dfg`' \kp f gàdp~fbk~ j` z` abfx`zj c` |kf! C@PS@^KGKD


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z`jfpgà G@J^@CFGA BPF FZÂ@B NFG@JP\GS^F f NB@ZS@D@' Pg |`~z`s

az`dgsk~ zs` f g X~kk~kjpb FZAFA'

Jaxfskbpb 1 '@UXBFJAFF X^@XAÂ^@A JFSFSK^PBPF X@GS^P

AGABF_A JKGSÂCFJFFBK^

Jkgs~acfjff Nfnbfj` cfg Gkpb S`zsad`gs

D`~fs @lk~spb z jfs`sf f daf okz!JKGSÂCFJFF NFJBFJ@ GKP S@ZSAD@GSA^@ XG G

ZXSDGA XASFDFBK^ " BA J^PJFLFJA^@'

XA^S@A F

Jkgs~acfjffb` Nfnbfj`" gpd~pb bk~"`zs` g k~cfgà g ja~` b`$ap izfs as`ff g Nfnbf`" jgcap ljps Bfzsa JKGSÂCFJFFBK^ NFNBFJ@&

Ad gj`~jas z b` xpg g k~cfgà |f`ff bpf Ffzpz gp g k~cfgà das`dasfj gpd`~ks~ff&

]jkgs~acfjfa g~' ?T ]T]185T ]118T ]::T ]3:T ]0>T ]11:T ]1>9T ]:9T ]:6T ]31T ]:T

]108T ]3


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JKGS^ACFJFF NFJBFJ@ GKP S@ZSAD@GSA^@ CFG

ZXSDGA XASFDFBK^ "XG BA J^PJFLFJA^@" BA G\F@^@

F CPX GBA^@A BA J@^'

]9


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zap ap dpsfbas` Nfnbfa gp ap sfps aj`zs` zsasfzsfjf'C`ff Fz~a`b"gafpgà `|~`fazj a|à

az`dgà zsasfzsfjf c` ba zj~fnff Nfnbf`f"~anfgf daz`~kf f zkl`~ff'

Aj`zs` zsasfzsfjf ap lkzs `cfsas` f ~`j`gas` gpd~as`& ass x`gs~p bfdnfb` agsfj` " js x`gs~p `gib f~kdg c` ? KN`c`va Ck~fg Ca|fc Ap~`b N`g Ae~kg Jke`g

ZSASFZJA GPD^PBPF SKSAB A GP@D@BPF BPF CPDG@_@P G NFNBF@~`j`gas f cfsas c` ? KN@C@VA CK^FG CA\FC AP^@B N@G AEA^KG JKE@G

Jp|gspb CKDG axa~` 9"9:< k~f g skas NFNBFA g lk~da i~`jàzj MF^F@

Jp|gspb Cpdg``p axa~`:":05 k~f g skas NFNBFA g lk~da i~`jàzj S@KZ

Jp|gspb VAEY@E axa~` c` k~f< 5>5 g skas NFNBFA

Jp|gspb @BKEFD zap ACKGAF axa~` c` :9k~f g GKPB S@ZSAD@GS

J~fb` j`

abjspf`zj Nfnbfa

Gpd~ sksab

c` jaxfskb`

Gpd~ sksab c`|`~z`s`

Gpd~ sksab

c` jp|fgs`

Gpd~pb

sksab c`

bfs`~`

SKSABSkas` jaxfskb`b` cfg

Nfnbf` 1156 jaxfskb`:1"18:

95:"1:9 :"095"188

Gkpb

S`zsad`gsBìdgspb

pgf|`~zab&

>


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GKPB

S@ZSAD@GS

Gpd~ c` jaxfskb` Gpd~ c`

|`~z`s`

Gpd~pb sksab c` jp|fgs`

Lfg skas` jaxfskb`b`lf`j~`f j~f

8 Fgs`~la

88 X~`la

38 Das`f >5 jaxfskb` 1891 |`~z`s` 15:30 jp|fgs`

31 Da~jp 1< jaxfskb` Bpja >3 jaxfskb` 1101 |`~z`s` 1635> jp|fgs`

3: Fkag >1 jaxfskb` 596 |`~z`s` 105 jaxfskb` 1889 |`~z`s` 15301 jp|fgs`

30 ^kdagf 1< jaxfskb` 3:: |`~z`s` 9111 jp|fgs`

3< 1 Jk~fgs`gf 1< jaxfskb` 3:9 |`~z`s` 6 jp|fgs`

39 > Jk~fgs`gf 1: jaxfskb` >09 |`~z`s` 3399 jp|fgs`

35 Iabas`gf < jaxfskb` 136 |`~z`s`

>>:8 jp|fgs`

36 @l`z`gf < jaxfskb` 100 |`~z`s` >3>> jp|fgs`

08 Lfbfx`gf 3 jaxfskb` 183 |`~z`s` 16 jp|fgs`
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GKPB

S@ZSAD@GS

Gpd~ c` jaxfskb` Gpd~ c`

|`~z`s`

Gpd~pb sksab c` jp|fgs`

Lfg skas` jaxfskb`b`

lf`j~`f j~f

C`jf ~`fg`f Nfnbfa gp a~` ass c` dpbs` jp|fgs` gjs z gp sf` gfd`gf js bfxz`s` f daf

ab`z c` pgc`'

Skas` jaxfskb`b` cfg Nfnbf` 1156 jaxfskb` ":"0


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NFNBFF@>' J` x~fd`zj aj`zs` zplb`s` jp~as` f j~`cpb`"x`~fjpbkz c` fgjkgsf`gs`" `zs` pg

C@_AS^P S@KBKIFJ ANZKBPS'

Gp skas` Nfz`~fjfb` ap lkzs g`zpl`~fs` f kzsfb` @|~`pbpf Ffzpz'Ap lkzs @xfzjkxas` zap

jkgi~ìaff @|agie`bfj` X~k$Fz~a`b X~k$Nfnbfa agsfj k~fifgab f s~acpj`~à `f jk~`js'Cfg

g`l`~fjf~` az`d`gà nkdn` jp `l`jsgs~fasap |`gfs g Nfz`~fj jkgzfc~gc j

Cpdg``p `zs` pg LÂF@^ FGJKGSF@GS f daf ab`z G@XPSFGJFKZ"j gfjfkcas gbpdà

~àb gp z` dagfl`zs lffj "lffgc xbfg c`skas` g`c~`xsfb` zpn kjeff BPF f aj`zs azx`js

b`$a cas pg jp~ao g`zfdfs'Fa~ x` j~`cfgjfkff bpf Cpg``p fap jkgzfc`~as ja lffgc

GAXKFAF DFGSABF f APSFSF JA^@ S^F@ZJG DFSP^F AGSFJ@=GP G BPD@A

^@AB

Abff ap j~`ps jX^KZSFA ZS^BPJ@S@ F \A LF X^@DFAS!"acfj g`sffga

bk~ "gjp`sa~à bk~ xa~|`gfs f bfxza s`d`fj "c` jpgksfg` c` bfdn"s`~d`gf f ùx~`zffg? a~dafj"`n~afj f i~àj'

Aa a x~ps g NFNBF@ ~pn~fja? ASS C@ X^KZS zap DKGPD@GS DKGCFAB C@

X^KZSF@!" ~pn~fj kzsfb bpf Cpdg``p ja~` f zs~fj jabà" gs~` kad`gf''

Aa ap ax~ps SDX@GFF ja f Cpdg``p |gc s~`j`~à |~`dff F Z$a x~ps dpbs'

Cpdg``p gp sfa' zap? J` daf sdxfs cfgs~` skas` f a ljps Cpdg``p " axkf

Za$pfsas "'Z$a cpdf~fs f F Z$a x~ps nfg` %f a |ps j `zs` npg&

Azsa$F jpdxbà Spspsk~ Njbffbk~ f dada spsp~k~ epb`bk~ 'Z$B lajf fgcf~`js z `gpgpf

l~ z ùx~fdf jba~"j Cpdg``p `zs`? 1 F~`zxkgzanfb' >'Apsfz': Zjefkl~`gfj

3 'Cknfskj'0'X~kzs$Jkdxajs X~kzs$dxaje`sas&

1 Cpdg``p a ljps l~ z sf` j` a|à z laj"gfjf js gfjf j`" gfjf pgc` "gfjf js

cp~à j~àfa Bpf'

>'f Z$ a pfsas Cpdg``p f axkf a |ps Cpdg``p&' @zs` zfgc~kdpb apsfzdpbpfj`f

~pxf c` ~àbfsasà gjkgop~ska~`& zap fkbaf jkdxb`js'

:'Z$a cpdf~fs a sfps& Zjefkl~`gfj l~ gkfpgà jba~ a nfg bpf f ~pbpf zap 3' Cknfskj'

X`~zkag "x~kazs i`g`sfj" f bfxzfs c` npg zfd f jp|fg ja~` jkdfsa"laj` cfl`~fs`

ajs` x~`d`cfsas jp zl~fs g ``j"càzs~p'


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0' Afjf Cpdg``p zs` x~``gsas abàsk~fp x~fg c`cpjf` zpng`b`z& "j Cpdg``p `zs`

X~kzs$I~dac+X~kzsJkdxajs"lffgcj cpx j` Za$ cpdf~fsbdp~fs"Z$a `cflfjas& x`~zfs

g x~kzsfa c` a gp sf f F z$a x~ps nfg` g dkc fgjkgsf`gs" fbbkifj" l~ a~ipd`gs" l~

jpgksfg`b` `b`d`gsa~`' dpbs"xpfg" zpz"okz"c~àxsa$zsgia"gafgs`$gaxkf"g`zl~fs$

zl~fs']`'s'jT'

@f nfg` skas` aj`zs` EPB@ I^KA_GFJ@ JKGSÂ BPF CPDG@_@P gp$df axa~fg df` jf

pgk~ xa~|`gff xz`pck$s~acpjsk~f' Fa~ FZXÂ\A BK^ a ~daz gj f azsf g lka~s`

dpbs` S~acpj`~f ab` Nfnbf`f g daf skas` bfdnfb` agsfj`"d`cf`|ab` ja~` ap |`gfs g jkgsajs

jp Nfnbfa cfg agsfjefsas`"x`~fkaca d`cf`|abxg g `~a dkc`~g'

Skas` aj`zsà g k~fifgab gp ufzs c`bkj'

Ba ajàzs ~pn~fj fgs~ f Ffzpz a fz ?Skas Xps`~à Df$a lkzs cas Jjf Lfpb

Kdpbpf a~` skas Xps`~à f Opc`jasa bpdfbk~c` Axkf& p~das axkf g abs @|agie`bf` c`

f s~`jgc ajkbk"Ffzpz g$a xpsp z laj gfdfj'

Z$ap Ffzpz sfa daf cfgafgs`" j skas` F$ap lkzs c`zjkx`~fs` c` ba Cpdg``p''

P~das` c`? Ca~ Lfpb Kdpbpf gp sf`" gfjf gi`~fff jf gpdaf Sasb''

Zap Gp a|à c`bkj sffg c`zx~` bpj~p~pfb` aj`bà

Zap? f Ffzpz gp sfpz` j Ba~ a dp~f'

Zap Ffzpz a |ps g fgfdfb` bk~'" ca~ g abs @|agie`bf` zj~f` j? ca~ gp |pz` j ap

~daz l~ xfg` gdpbf~à xfgfbk~ f x`sfbk~&' zap ? Ffzpz gp |pz` x` Jefla

fz f X`s~p f gfjf na~ja bpf Ffzpz gp |pz` c`bkj Dpgs`b` Sank~pbpf'' ca~ còa

x~`cfja còa x` `b& f jpbdà Ffzpz gp |pz` dpbfdfb` g dpbs` Nfnbff Ffzpz gp a

|ps c` 1>88 c` k~f' Ka~` `~a Ffzpz K^N + G@\_SK^ f gp g`$ap zxpz Axkzskbff;

Bfzsa agaj~kgfzd bk~ fbkifj` `zs` g`zl~fs "ùajs js `zs` c` i~kz GKPB S@ZSADG@S'

Ca~ Ffzpz gp `zs` jp gfdfj |fgk|as c` @\AGIE@BFA XA^\@GFFBK^" A LABFBK^

SÂCPJSK^F!


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As`ff ap x~fdfs Ax ba dka~ f das`~fab pdk~fzsfj cfg xbfg' Jefa~ c` ba pgff cfg xkxk~pb

bpf Cpdg``p %zap j`b xpfg aa z` ~`jkdagcap f jp aj`zs lafd f$axzs~as Fzsk~fa

Nfz`~fjàzj&'

Abs SDX@GF@ FBPZS^ " `zs` g`xpsfga c` a c`kz`nf jp|fgs`b` c` bìsp~'

@|agie`bfa bpf fkag "jefa~ |`~z`spb 1 `zs` ù`dxbp ba ~pn~fja SDXfS F ZX^@

CFZX@Â^@A EA_A^CPBPF'

1 Ba gj`xps a lkzs Jp|gspb f jp|gspb% g" ba" jp cfg "gbpgs~p"ax~kax` c`& Cpdg``p

f jp|gspb `~a ] Cpdg``p"cfg Cpdg``p" ba Cpdg``p"jp Cpdg``pT f Cpdg``p `~a

] Jp|gspb"jp Jp|gspb"g Jp|gs" dxps`~gfjfgc Jp|gspb " gbpgs~pb Jp|gspbpf'T

1 ba gj`xps Jp|gspb `~a ba Cpdg``p f Cpdg``p `~a g Jp|gs'

$ Ba gj`xps a lkzs jp|gspb f Jp|gspb `~a cfg Cpdg``p f bgi Cpdg``p ~a

Jp|gspb'

$ Ba gj`xps `~a Jp|gspb f Jp|gspb `~a pga jp Cpdg``p f Cpdg``p

dxps`~gfjà Jp|gspb'

$ Ba gj`xps `~a Jp|gspb f Jp|gspb `~a ba Cpdg``p f Cpdg``p `~a g Jp|gs'

$ Ba gj`xps a lkzs Jp|gspb f Jp|gspb `~a ax~kax` c` Cpdg``p f Cpdg``p

pdn~a` Jp|gspb'

$ Ba gj`xps `~a Jp|gspb f Jpjgspb `~a bpgs~p bpf Cpdg``p f Jp|gspb `~a jp

Cpdg``p'

$ 'f gj 1> |a~fags` gjs co d$ap knkfzs x` dfg`'Skf aj`sfa ùajs

aa |k~ x~fdff dgspf~à' Pgff ax~kax` c` Cpdg``p" abff jp Cpdg``p" "Bgi

Cpdg``p" abff dx~`pg"abff c`kxa~s` jp Cpdg``p" aff |k~ lf pga jpCpdg``p''f lka~s` xpfgf |k~ lf g Cpdg``p Pga aa jpd x~kl`fz`

Nfnbfa f aa jpd B`$a licpfs Ffzpz Gaa~fsàgpb'

Jp|fgs`b` xpz` g xa~ags`` axa~" ja |a~fags` g cfl`~fs` s~acpj ~f'


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K^FIFG@A JKGSÂCFJFFBK^ NFNBFJ@ f DKSF\AFA :

Daf `zs` pg dfj adgpgs " aj`zs` i~pxp~f c` xz`pck$s`kbkif Nfnbfsf d`gfg DFSPB j

k~fifgab`b` Nfnbf`f zgs gjefz` pgc`|a f gfd`gf xkas` aopgi` ba `b` c`js jf|a ab`f'

Cask~fs dpgjff bk~ dab`lfj` azsf NFNBFA a~` xzs` 1>88 c` JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@

|ffnfb` jba~ a~sfjpbas` i~adasfjab ja `gpg zj~fz& " daf zgs js`|a dff " :589 dfjp`

CFZBKJ^F + DPSAFF4 JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@= f g`z`zfanfb` cka~ c` nfnbfsff

s~acpjsk~f c` `~pcff =azsl`b c`|`gfgc das`~fab zxf~fspab x`gs~p as f 'Ca~ gp as`ff zgs

x`~fjkbpb NFNBF@F" jpbdà " as`ff gj k ~`zx`js ja \ABKA^@ BFS@Â^ A KD@GF^FF' Kz | |fg z j~c`f lka~` i~`p"jefa~ c`bkj?$ ca~ AS@FF ZGS X^FGS^@ J@F DAF

J^@CFGJFKF KAD@GF C@ X@ XBAG@SA XDGS F ABJSPF@ZJ ZSÔFB@ CFG

KAZS@A CKDGPBPF"JA^@ \@IE@A_ BA \@GF^@A^@\@GF^@A& BPF D@ZFA" ABSP^F

C@ GAFPG@A FZÂ@B'

Ca~ daf ab`z x`gs~p cpdagff glkjaf a bpf Vaeyè cpdagff NFNBF@F " c` k~f`gsa~`

gafzs G'Z ]Gafkgab$ZkjfabfzsT agsfz`dff f ~azfsf a~f`gf ja~` f$a~ ck~ff k NFNBF@

L^ VAEY@E"L^ @\^@F G @A F L^ FZPZ D@ZFA' Xkas` lf pg J~fzskz" ca~ abn f "nbkgc f gp |~`p' X`gs~p aj`zs` i~pxp~f ap ljps `f dpgja ajàzsa g`jp~as '

g ~àbfsas` NFNBFA gp jkgfg` j`b` 1>88 c` JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@' Jefa~ caj apsk~ff

NFNBF@F xk|`zs`zj absl`b aj`baf `|`gfd`gs " x~ajsfj z` jkdxb`jsà ~`jfx~kj ' D ~`l`~

ba APSK^FF NFNBF@F " gp ba j`f ja~` ap dpsfbas$k x`gs~p dpbs` zps` c` agf c` ajpd gafgs`'

\kd agabfa cfg DAGPABPB AS@PBPF _DNFSK^ NFNBFA F^KGFJ jaxfskbpb 0JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@' f ad a `b`z k JKGSÂCFJF@ cfg GKPB S@ZSAD@GS cask~fs

laxspbpf j daok~fsasà jkxffbk~ bpf Cpdg``p zgs J^@SFGF" gpd`~fj |k~nfgc'

Lka~s` dpbf" af apfs g pbsfda |~`d`" zap af jfsfs x` FGS@^G@S c` k bfzs c` 181

JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@


14/85

111111111111111111>>111>

" x~`kff" f xazsk~ff k g|a ba jkbfb` S`kbkifj`' Xkzfnfb z bf z` kl`~` k xz`pck$

axkbki`sfj" acfj ùxbfjaff zp~kias ja~` z b` dpbpdàzj JPBSPB f FGCFIGA^@A"

ca~ ja~` gp ~`kb| c`bkj x~knb`da'

@ufzs k da~` daz a xkxpbaf`f ja~` a d`~z jp zplb`s jp~as zx~` f|k~pb dgspf~ff

NFNBFA f g zjp~s |~`d` f$ap c~knfs ~|ga f j~`cfga ùajs g NFNBF@' Kad`gff ja~`

gp jfsfz`~ c`bkj NFNBFA" zap ja~` jfsfz`~ agpdfs` xazao` f ja~` b` zs~gàp ck~pb f

z`sà cpx CPDG@_@P"g zjp~s |~`d` ap cas c` aj`zs` JKGSÂCFJFF' X` ~`zspb b`$ap

izfs c`$a iasa x` ~`àpa G@S KGBFG@ x` NBKI " LAJ@NKKM zap x` abs` ~``b` c`

zkjfabfa~` ba ckd`gfpb '^@BFIF@ f J^@SFGFZD' J`f daf dpbf f$ap xf`~cps

j~`cfga g NFNBF@ c`lfgfsf|'Aj`sfa k ajj`xs ja pg g`j`za~ ab zkjf`sff " k g`|kf` c`

JKCP^F DKÂB@" c` a j~`c` g j`|a ja z gp g` cd g jax=ca~ zfgj`~?$`f gp daf ap

gj~`c`~` c`bkj g NFNBF@'

Ka~` z lf` AXKZSA_FA B@XCA^@A C@ J^@CFG&;'''''''zap `zs` pg zdnp~` c`

ac`|~ da~` js Dpgs`b` A~a~as;Pg ac`|~ da~` js A~jabpf Gk`'

Ka~` `zs` jp xpsfg z dfgs Cpdg``p " z lf` skjdaf Cpepb Zlgs" Cpe Dfgjfgkz f xbfg

c` dfgjfpg cfg |`jefdà zs~|`je`'K xps`~` x`~lfc"|fjbàg f s`~fnfb c` j~pc ja~`

dagfxpbà da~fb` daz` c` kad`gf af kd`gf~ff;;; Igcff jp dfgsà |kazs~'

S~`npf` z sf` k~fj` kd ja~` jfs`s` NFNBFA j ax~kax` skas` JKGSÂCFJFFB@

NFNBF@F ap ax~ps cfg agsf$Z`dfsfzd4 p~a jkgs~a `|~`fbk~ f jkgs~a ~`lppbpf fpc`fbk~ c` az` j~`sfga' Nfz`~fja a d`~z xg ajkbk gjs a dpsfbas" a jfpgsfs f a adxpsas NFNBFA"

kl`~fgcp$| |kp anzkbps skas` dksf|`b` ja z | b`xcaf f ja z gp daf j~`c`f gfdfj

cfgs~$k NFNBF@ A JKGSÂCFJFFBK^

Z gp j~`c`f j Nfz`~fja f$a ck~fs z cfzs~pi Nfnbfa"ja~sà bk~ cpx ja~` z` azjpgc?$

Gfjfc`jpd! Ca~ ap pfsas zap gp ap |~ps z fg jkgs j NFNBFA `zs` `n~afj$a~dafj

zj~fz g gs~ìfd` c` `|~ f " gzjpf g Fz~a`bpb Fpc`à& agsfj zap g i`ssk$p~fb` ~knf`fìfxs`g`" nanfbkgfg`g` f nanfbk$x`~zag`" fgjbpzf| jà ~kdag' f skjdaf azsa a |~ps ? $ z

~px c`lfgfsf| NFNBFA c` `|~`ff dkajfjf zap d`zfagfjf' K~fj` ~`l`~f~` ba `|~`f z lf` c`

~p|kfska~`"ai~`zf| kzsfb gs~ìff gafpgf Fz~a`b zap agsfz`dfs c`bfn`~as f l~ o`g f

gfjf dpzs~~f c` jkgsffg'


15/85

111111111111111111>>111>

Nfz`~fja gp f$a ck~fs gfjfc`jpd z cfzs~pi Nfnbfa? $ Aspgjf c` jà a ljps"a x`~dfz aj`zs

bpj~p ; Nfz`~fja f$a ck~fs z cfs~pi cka~ ~`bfifa dkajfj a \`jefpbpf S`zsad`gs f z

nks`` sks Fz~a`bpb' Aa j a ax`bas ba kx~b` agsf$Z`dfs` pfsgc j Nfnbfa a lkzs

zj~fz c` `|~`f'Ja z a~as` zpx~`dafa Gkpbpf S`zsad`gs g laa f a zpx~à \`jefpbpf

s`zsad`gs f a xkxk~pbpf `f"Fz~a`b ?$jkgzfc`~as xkxk~ nb`zs`das c` cpdg``p' Ja~` g|fpgà bk~" Cpdg``p Z$a ljps j~`sfg' Ca~ gfd`gf gp zxpg` j` x~`ks a lkzs c` z`~|fj`

f jpd z` gpd`s` kdpb ja~` F$a cas bpf Cpdg``p dx~sagfa jp bfgip~fa' Ck~fga c`

a x~`laj` g ~àbfsas` das`~fab"~ bfifkaz f i`kxkbfsfj"agpd` j Nfz`~fja |a opc`ja

gs~ìpb Fz~a`b ja~` x` k zfgip~ z`dfgf` bfxzfs c` k~fj` xps`~` g laa Nfz`~f~fjff

fglafbfnfb` f s~fpdlska~`'K gpfg f~`zxkgzanfb f c`d`gs jp skspb'

sffgc nfg` j jfg` acpia ba Nfnbf` f zjkas` =skjdaf Cpdg``p b` |a zjkas` dgspf~à

f xa~sà c` ba xkdpb |f`ff f b` |a acpia g c`zsfg`b` bk~ skas` jefgp~fb` zj~fz` g Nfnbf`'

X~`kff f daf s~fp jefa~ f xazsk~ff ap agiaoas kad`gf ja~` gp sfpa nfg`" zap jefa~

c`bkj `n~afj"gfjf a~adafj f gfjf i~àj'f s~acpjàp G@SÂCPJ@^@A'X~ajsfj

dpsfbap |`~zs`s`b` cpx ckida Nfz`~fjàzj f fgzs~pjfpgfb` Zfgkac`bk~' ba l`b ba

k~skckjf"ba l`b ba jaskbfjf"ba l`b ba `|agie`bfjff$x~ks`zsagf"ba l`b ba xkjff&'f nfg` g`b`z

aj`sf xz`pck s~acpjsk~f" da~ff g`x~fj`xpf af kd`gf~ff ap ~daz g fzska~fa pdag'

Lffgcj anzkbps` skas` Nfz`~fjfb` b`$ap ljps zplfjf`gs ~`jbad?$ f Nfz`~fja a zj~fz x~fg

kad`gff `f k da~` xa~s` cfg fzsk~fa pdagfsff' f caj jfg`|a a~ ck|`cff aj`zs`

bpj~p~f'Nfz`~fja jp jb`~pb `f a~` f`f~à jp la jp~as azfip~as'Nfz`~fj z` bàxc c`

`f ja c` c~ajp= f f fdxfgi` xpnbfj"kllfjfab g Lkjpb Ie`g`f A~sgc bpdff js `zs` c`

dk~ab f ja~ajs`~pb x~klpgc ja~` g c`fg` jb`~pb `f ' A~sgc jpd bpxs à jkgs~a

labzp~fbk~' Caj gfd`gf gp ck|`s` aj`zs` bpj~p~f" aj`f gìefknf "~dg g jkgsfgpa~`

DA^F S^CPJSK^F AF NFNBF@F"g fzsk~fa kd`gf~ff f a Nfz`~fjfbk~'

Aa j ap x~fgz ipzspb da~fbk~ x~k|kj~f"fgs~kcpjgc zfgkgfd` " abs` jp|fgs` fc`gsfj`

ca~ jp abs z`gz = zap jefa~ jp z`gz kxpz' X~kj`c`p ~`x`sas x`gs~p a gs~ff j~`cfnfbfsasà

f apsk~fsasà Nfz`~fjf J~`sfg` f a k cfzs~pi` x` a Fz~a`bpbpf" cpx jad 1888 c` gàdp~f

18'888 c` i`g`~aff& g j`f >818 agf ap cfzs~pz j` `~a daf c` x~` f daf zlgs"

J^@CFNFBFSAS@A NFNBFNBF@F f X@^L@JFPG@AF JK@^@G@F @F'

@ufzs ckp l`bp~f c` kad`gf?


16/85

111111111111111111>>111>

1' J`f ja~` z` baz jkg|fgff gcpxb`jaf c` ck|`f "ca~ gp ck|`f dfgjfgkaz`'

>' f kad`gf ja~` k~fj` b`$af a~sa zgs xk~gff ~p c` sks" x` c~pdpb cpdgf`f jp

Cpdg``p' f zx~` cfzs~pi`~` NFNBF@F f a J^@CFNFBFSFF @F'

Adn`b` jasìk~ff s~`npf` z sf`" lf` j ajj`xs " lf` j z` dxks~f|`zj g jkgsfgpa~`? $

g dagpzj~fz`b` k~fifgab` xaxf~pzp~f" x`~iad`gs` f zpbp~f c` xf`b`& zj~fz` gbfdnfb`?a~adafj"`n~afj f i~àjaj`zs` JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@ GP @UFZS

C@BKJ!

Pgff zxpg ? Caj Nfnbfa a~ lf labz" dpsfbas zap c`l`js"Cpdg``p dg`$a~ lfzxpz"ad lf zkzs gsfgaf!

Ca~ ka~` |kf "B$af gs~`nas; Jgc |$af axpjas c` jfsfs NFNBFA af j`~ps gcpepb+zxf~fspab |kzs~p JBP_F^@A ZLGSPBPF CPE ;;;;;;;

Af j`~ps Bpj~à~à Zgspbpf Cpe g g`b i`~à g c`zjkx`~f~à x`zs skasNfnbfa ;'''''''''ngpf`zj j gp' g bkjpb Zl' Cpe a lkzs x~`kspb"xazsk~ab"x~`nfs`~pb"cfajkgpb ja~` f ap f `f bkjpb f ~kzspb ca~ gp$B xks GBKJPFF X@ ZLGSPBCPE!

Aj`zsa `zs` pgpb cfg dksf|`b` x`gs~p ja~` ap ax~ps ass c` dpbs` jpbs`j~`sfg`"jkgl`zfpgf f z`js` sks j~`sfg`' Dpbs` cfg `b` lffgc ~azfzs`"u`gkxekn` fagsf$fpcafj`+agsf$z`dfs` f zì~ìafkgfzs` g g`b`zpb x`gab'

\kd agabfa cfg DAGPABPB AS@PBPF _DNFSK^ NFNBFA F^KGFJjaxfskbpb 0 JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@' f ad a `b`z k JKGSÂCFJF@ cfg GKPBS@ZSAD@GS cask~fs laxspbpf j daok~fsasà jkxffbk~ bpf Cpdg``p zgsJ^@SFGF" gpd`~fj |k~nfgc'

Aj`zsa `zs dkc`bpb zgs xas~p jzp` g ckp zgs sfbpb zpn lf`ja~` zs` sùspbNfnbfj'

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~'

_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z` nas`

jax$g$jax f gpz` xks~f|`s`'


17/85

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AFJF @ZS@ JKGSÂCFJFA NFNBFJ JFSAS S@US

K^FIFGAB

BFXZA JKGSÂCFJF@Fg k~fifgab JKGSÂCFJFA NFNBFJ GP @UFZS cfzxa~`&

AFJF @ZS@ S@USPB NFNBFJ L^

JKGSÂCFJF@$K^FIFGABPB AGSFJ g

@NÂJ=AÂDAFJ f I^@AJf ^KDG

AZ@D@G@A JKGSÂCFJFF " AP LJPS CFG J^@CFGJFKF JKG\FGFF C@

CPDG@_@PB BK^" G@J^@CFGJFKF G^FF"GS^SAF AX^FI G A[B

C@ZLFGA X@ CPDG@_@P F NFNBFA BPF'

ZAP AS@F L^ _@P&ZJ^NFF C@ K^FJ@ A^@ B@ISP^ JP CPDG@_@P F

NFNBFA'

C@FF AS@FF GP F$AP XF@^CPS FGS@^@ZPB LA C@ NFNBF@'GJ K ZSPCFA_

F X@ZJPF@ZJ AZ@D@G@A G@NPGFF S@KBKIFJ@ JA^@$B XBDPF@ZJ X@

CPDG@_@P'


18/85

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SKSPF AJ@ZS@ JKGSÂCFJFF AP F @B@ D@^FSPB BK^? C@ZJKX@^ SKAS

XPS@^@A ZBA\@F BPF CPDG@_@P F ACPJ BA BPDFG AC@\^PB F GPDAF

AC@\^PB'J@@A J@ AXA^@GS _C^KN@S@ ^@BFIFA KAD@GFBK^ GJEFXPFS

C@ DFGF BFDFSAS@&" G LAXS B@ GS^@S@ J^@CFGA BPGS^FJ'

Jkgs~acfjfa g~'186

186 Fzpz a lkzs asksxps`~gfj ?

\@^Z@S NFNBFJ FZPZ @ZS@ ASKSXPS@^GFJ

Das`f >5?15 w Fzpz Z)a ax~kxfas c` `f" a |k~nfs jp `f" f b` $a fz? ""Skasaxps`~à Df $a lkzs casa g j`~ zf x` xadgs'

Fkag :?:0 wSasab fpn`zs` x` Lfpb" zfa cas skas` bpj~p~fb`g dga Bpf'

JKGSÂCFJFA NFNBFJ FZPZ GP @ZS@ ASKS XPS@^GFJ' JFSAS

NFNBFJFzpz gp a lkzs asksxps`~gfj ?

Da~jp


19/85

111111111111111111>>111>

AJ@ZSA$F ^@_PBSASPB AGSFZ@DFGSFZDPBPF a cpdgf`f f a p~ff jkgs~a XKXK^PBPF AB@Z"

XKXK^PB NFNBF@F "FZÂ@B

Fas jpd a~as g k~fifgab`b` `n~afj`" a~adafj` f i~`j`sf

K~fifgabpb g bfdna I~àj fzpn lf`ja~` |`~`z`s " sks i~àj "ca~ s~agzbfs`~as jp bfs`~``p~kx`g`'

S~acpj`~à g bfdna ^kdg

>5?15 ]T

>5?15 maf x~kz`bseg k fzkpz`babz`g apskfz bìg `cksedkf xaza ùkpzfa `g kp~ag maf`xf a4]szT iz

:?:0

:?:0 k xas~ aiaxa skg pfkg mafxagsa c`cm`g `g s je`f~fapskp

Das`f >5?15 w Fzpz Z)aax~kxfas c` `f" a |k~nfs jp `f"f b` $a fz? ""Skasa xps`~à Df $a lkzs cas g j`~ zf x` xadgs

Fkag :?:0 wSasab fpn`zs` x`Lfpb Kdpbpf" zf a cas skas`bpj~p~fb` g dga Bpf'


20/85

111111111111111111>>111>

K~fifgabpb g bfdna a~adafj p~dasc` aj`baf jfsas g `n~afj

S~acpj`~`a g bfdna ^kdg

Das`f jax >5 ?|`~z15

51 Das 51 Fkag jax' :?|`~z :0

0:

Das`f >5?15 w Fzpz Z)a ax~kxfasc` `f" a |k~nfs jp `f" f b` $a fz?""Skasa xps`~`a Df $a lkzs cas g

j`~ zf x` xadgs

Fkag :?:0 wSasb fpn`zs` x` Lfpb

Kdpbpf" zf a cas skas` bpj~p~fb` gdga Bpf'

Da~jp jax < ? 0

0

0

Da~jp


21/85

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JKGSÂCFJFF NFNBFJ@ CFG GKPB S@ZSAD@GS

@b` |k~ lf ùxpz` g sanb` g lk~da ajàzsa?$ jkgs~acfjfa GS f zpn à k~fifgabpb

Jk`~`ga GS'

Gpd~ska~à gp`zs` g k~cfgà Nfnbfj a |f`ff bpf Ffzpz" jf g k~cfgà g ja~` b`$ap c`zjkx`~fs

as`ff g Nfnbf`'

Cfg ?DAGPABPB AS@PBPF F^KGFJ[ NFNBFA JKGSÂCFJFFBK^ 1



22/85

111111111111111111>>111>

?13 "10"16">: w Fkzfl z)a zjpbas" a bpas X~pgjpb zf x` dada bpf"

gkaxsà" zf a xb`jas g @ifxs'

10 Ajkbk a ~adaz xgba dka~sà bpf F~kc" ja za z` dxbfgàj j`

lpz`z` |`zsfs c` Ckdgpb x~fg x~kk~kjpb ja~` fj`? "" Ad je`das x` Lfpb

D`p cfg @ifxs'hh

16Cpxa j` a dp~fs F~kc" pg gi`~ ab Ckdgpbpf z` a~asa g |fz bpf Fkzfl" g

@ifxs"

>:'A |`gfs ajkbk" zf a bkjpfs gs~)k j`sas`" gpdfsa Gaa~`s" ja za z`dxbfgàzja j` lpz`z` |`zsfs x~fg x~kk~kjf? ja @b |a lf je`das

Gaa~fgàg'

X~pgjpb Fzpz gp a lkzs cpz fg @ifxs jf fg F`~pzabfd ?

Bpja >?>>":6 w>>'Zf" jgc z)ap dxbfgfs fb`b`x`gs~p jp~f~à bk~" cpx

Bìà bpf Dkfz`" Fkzfl zf Da~fa ap acpz X~pgjpb ba F`~pzabfd " ja z $B

glfz`` gafgsà Ckdgpbpf" $Jf~jpdjffa z` laj` ba 5 f`&

:6'Cpx j` ap dxbfgfs sks j` xk~pgjà Bìà Ckdgpbpf" Fkzfl zf Da~fa

z)ap gsk~z g Iabfbà" g j`sasà bk~ Gaa~`s'

1 K^FIFGAB

g k~fifgab JKGSÂCFJFA NFNBFJ GP @UFZS cfzxa~`&

Das`f >?13 "10"16">: w Fkzfl z)a zjpbas" a bpas X~pgjpb zf x` dada bpf"

gkaxsà" f a xb`jas ba eksa~pb cfgs~` Fpc`à f @ifxs'

13 ]a~adafjT


23/85

111111111111111111>>111>

]`n~afjT

>?13

10Ajkbk a ~adaz cpx fb` jp~ff~f f a jf~jpdjff`f x~pgjpbpf"xga ba

dka~sà bpf F~kc" ja z z` dxbfgàj j` lpz`z` |`zsfs c` Ckdgpb x~fg

x~kk~kjpb ja~` fj`? ""Ad je`das x` Lfpb D`p cfg @ifxs'hh

16Cpx j` a dp~fs F~kc" pg gi`~ ab Ckdgpbpf z` a~as g |fz bpf Fkzfl" g

@ifxs"

0

0

>?10

>:A |`gfs ajkbk" zf a bkjpfs gs~)k j`sas`" gpdfsa Gaa~`s" ja z z`

dxbfgàzja j` lpz`z` |`zsfs x~fg x~kk~kjf? j @b |a lf je`das

Gaa~fgàg'

:

:


24/85

111111111111111111>>111>

>?>:

Bpja >?>>":6 w>>Zf" jgc z)ap dxbfgfs fb`b` x`gs~p jp~af~à bk~" cpx

Bìà bpf Dkfz`" Fkzfl zf Da~fa ap acpz X~pgjpb ba F`~pzabfd" ja z $B

glsf`` gafgsà Ckdgpbpf" $

::

::

>?>>

:6Cpx j` ap dxbfgfs sks j` xk~pgjà Bìà Ckdgpbpf" Fkzfl zf Da~fa

z)ap gsk~z cfg @ifxs g Iabfbà" g j`sasà bk~ Gaa~`s'

>?:6

>



25/85

111111111111111111>>111>


jax$g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

K^FIFGAB


Das`f 1?1< wCfg Fajk| @bf Lfpb bpf &Na~ Ca|fc za gazjps x` Fkzfl" na~naspb

Da~f`f" cfg ja~` Z)a gazjps Fzpz" ja~` Z` je`ada E~fzskz'

0 ]a~adafjT

0

]`n~afjT1?1<

' ]i~`ajT


27/85

111111111111111111>>111>

Fkag >?10' A ljps pg nfjf c` s~`agip~f" zf f $a zjkz x` skf ala~ cfg

S`dxbp" dx~`pg jp kfb` zf nkff= a |~zas nagff zjefdnsk~fbk~" f b` $a

~zsp~gas d`z`b`'

K^FIFGAB


:0 Fzpz gp a lkbkzfs lk~sa ?

Das`f 0?:6 w Ca~ @p |a zxpg? Z gp | dxks~f|ff j`bpf j` | laj` ~p' Jf"

k~fjpf s` bk|`s` x`zs` kn~apb c~`xs" gska~j` $f zf x` j`bbs'

6:

0?:6

]T

Das`f >


28/85

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:

>


29/85

111111111111111111>>111>

0

0

>?10

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' 91



91 Fzpz sfg` x~fda x~`cfja x` dpgs`b` ?

Das`f 01"> w 1Jgc a |aps Fzpz gk~kac`b`" Z)a zpfs x` dpgs`= zf cpx j`

a `ps okz" pj`gfjff Bpf z)ap ax~kxfas c` @b'

>Axkf a gj`xps za |k~n`azja zf za $f g|`s` azsl`b?

Fzpz a sfgps x~fda x~`cfja x` pd xkcfz ?

Bpja


30/85

111111111111111111>>111>

Zfckgpbpf" ja z $B azjpbs` f z lf` |fgc`jaf c` nkab`b` bk~'

>8Aspgjf Fzpz Zf $a ~fcfjas kjeff zx~` pj`gfjff Zaf" f a fz? ""L`~fj` c` |kf"

ja~f zgs`f z~ajf" x`gs~p j dxa~afa bpf Cpdg``p `zs` a |kazs~a!

K^FIFGAB


91 Fzpz sfg` x~fda x~`cfja x` dpgs`b` ?

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ax~kxfas c` @b'

>Axkf a gj`xps za |k~n`azja zf za $f g|`s` azsl`b?

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Bpja


31/85

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>8Aspgjf Fzpz f $a ~fcfjas kjeff zx~` pj`gfjff Zf" zf a fz? ""L`~fj` c` |kf"

ja~f zgs`sf z~ajf" x`gs~pj dxa~afa bpf Cpdg``p `zs` a |kazs~!0

0

8

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' 9>

_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z` nas` jax$

g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

9> Fkag a lkzs fg s`dgfsa jagc Fzpz z$a cpz fg Iabfbà?

Da~jp 1?13 w Cpx j` a lkzs gjefz Fkag" Fzpz a |`gfs g Iabfbà" f

x~kx|cpfa @|agie`bfa bpf Cpdg``p'

13'Xkzsqpad aps`d s~acfspz `zs Okagg`z" |`gfs O`zpz fg Iabfbad" x~cfjagz


32/85

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@|agi`bfpd ~ìgf C`f"

Fkag gp a lkzs fg s`dgfsa jagc Fzpz z$a cpz fg Iabfbà?

Fkag 1?3: wA ckpa f Fzpz a |~ps za Z` cpj g Iabfbà" f a iazfs x` Lfbfx'

Zf f $a fz? ""\fgk cpxa Dfg`'hh

3:'Fg j~azsfgpd |kbpfs ùf~` fg Iabfbad" `s fg|`gfs Xefbfxxpd'

Fkag :?>>$>3 w >>Cpx aj`à Fzpz" f pj`gfjff Bpf" a |`gfs g fgpspb

Fpc`ff= f zsasà ajkbk jp `f zf nksà'

>:Fkag nksà f `b g @gkg" ax~kax` c` Zabfd" x`gs~p j ajkbk `~ap

dpbs` ax`= f kad`gff |`gàp ja z lf` nksàsf'

>3Jjf Fkag gj gp lpz`z` a~pgjas g s`dgf'

>> >>'Xkzs ej |`gfs O`zpz `s cfzjfxpbf òpz fg s`~~ad Opcad ? `s fbbfj

c`dk~anasp~ jpd `fz" `s naxsfanas

' >: >:'@~as aps`d `s Okagg`z naxsfagz" fg ggkg" opusa Zabfd ? qpfa aqp

dpbs `~ags fbbfj" `s |`gf`nags `s naxsfanagsp~'>3 >3'Gkgcpd `gfd dfzzpz lp`~as Okagg`z fg ja~j`~`d'

Cfg a`j`zs` jkxff basfg` f gpd`~kaz`b` ~`|fp~f ap ax~ps`~k~f" labzp~f f JKGSÂCFGJFF'

K^FIFGAB


Da~jp 1?13 w Cpx j` a lkzs gjefz Fkag" Fzpz a |`gfs g Iabfbà" f

x~kx|cpfa @|agie`bfa bpf Cpdg``p'01

01

1?13


33/85

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Fkag 1?3: wA ckpa f Fzpz a |~ps f Za zpfs g Iabfbà" f a izfs x` Lfbfx' f

f $a fz? ""\fgk cpx Dfg`'hh

1

1

1?3:

Fkag :?>>$>3 w >>Cpx aj`à Fzpz" f pj`gfjff Bpf" a |`gfs g fgpspb Fpc`ff=

f zsasà ajkbk jp `f zf nksà'>:Fkag nksà f `b g @gkg" ax~kax` c` Zabfd" x`gs~p j ajkbk `~ap

dpbs` ax`= f kad`gff |`gàp ja z lf` nksàsf'

>3Jjf x` Fkag ba bpas F~kc "ca~ gj gp lpz`z` a~pgjas g s`dgf'::

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34/85

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jkdxa~af` ca~ zgs c` x~kazs jabfsas`"xbfg` c` jkgs~acfjff" labzp~f" dpsfb~f"adxps~f'

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`zs` jkgs~acfjfa'

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ja~` z` c`x~sà c` nfz`~fj f axpj jabà fpc`fbk~"dkgs`fzdpb' Fa~ i~`jff f Nfz`~fja

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z`xa~as c` ~`zspb @xfzjkxas`bk~' Fa~ Nfz`~fja J~`sfg Jaskbfj zap jà Zba| g$ax~f|fs jp

kjef npgf aj`zs bpj~p' f a`gc gpd`b` c` i~`j g fg|`jsf| absp~f c` C~aj" g~$k

zfspaf` g ja~` k i~`jkafj a|à lfja dpgjfs c` c`dkgf" `~a pg nbad f pg zsfidas

a~jpgjas azpx~a @bac f' Skf ja~` jfsàp @|agie`bffb` azkjàp I~`jfa"@baca jp l`d fa

gc~jfs " jp XAS^FA ZLFGFBK^ DA^SF^F f A GKPBPF S@ZSAD@GS I^@J@ZJ' Pg

jp|gs zjefdnas' S`k~`sfj gp ap acpias f gp ap zjkz gfjf pg jp|gs cfg aj`zs

|`~z`s'ca~ ap zjefdnas z`gzpb z`dagsfj g`b`zpb& g aa l`b gjs kad`gff bpdff z

azkjf`` x~``ga c~ajfbk~ jp x~``ga i~`jfbk~ f a fpc`fbk~' Ca~ zgs f jkxff ljps` c`

jbpi~f cknfskjf" ja~` zap x~ sfgz a lf f j ap x~`sfgz jpgksfg` x` ja~` gp b`

a|àp'Nfz`~fja jp npgj~`cfg g abs` bkjp~f b`$a kl`~fs bfn`~sas` f gj~`c`~` f ap x~fdfs

g zjefdn pg C@_AZS^P S@KBKIFJ ' Jkxffb` Nfnbf`f g basfg zgs ùj`zf| c` |abk~kaz`"

fzsk~fj |k~nfgc f j~sp~~`s`" lffgc jkdk~fb` ks~|fs` xbfg` jp LABZP^F BA

JKDAGCAJB@^PBPF F A FGJEF_FF@F!Zgs |abka~az` skjdaf x~fg gpd~pb c` labzp~f

f dpsfb~f la c` k~fifgab`b` `n~afj`"a~adafj` f i~`j`sf' Pgff gp x~à gifes" gfjf gp |k~

z zjj`xsa k~fifgà z`dfsfj f ìàg$`b`gfzsfj a Nfnbf`f'f z` auà ùjbpzf|` x`

|a~fags`b` basfg`'Jef~ f g japb aj`zsa' J`b` daf ùjas` f ~`pfs` |`~zfpgf basfg` zgs

zs`~fb` c` \pbiasa?^kdaga" jaxfskbfga" ùfbfja" |pbiaskfagz" jb`d`gsfga" axkzskbfj "

jaskbfja f nà`' X~fd`b` `j` ap k ajp~as`` g x~kj`gs` c` 58$68%" ca~ gp

188%'Skas` jkxffb` f dagpzj~fb` c` daf s~fp xkzs$agsfj` jasekbfj$nfagsfg`6 f

d`cf`|ab zgs pg càzs~p ba anzkbps` skas` jaxfskb`b`" ca~ pg |abka~` gk$|abka~`& cfgskas` xkf zjkas` pg DAGPAB[GJBFJBKX@CF@ C@ AGSFZD@GFSFZD Z@I^@IAF@

^@BFIFKAZ F ÂZFDba j`b daf dab`lfj gf|`b'

Fgjefffa lfgc S^FNPGABPB Zlfgs`f Nfz`~fjf ~gcpfs z ùs`~dfg` c`lfgfsf|?1' fpc`ff'>'

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g`j~`cfgjfkf'< gi`~ff f c~ajfff 9' D`p~f "n`~n`~f f gì~f ja~` g kxfgfa jb`~pbpf aj`bk~

|~`dp~f "ljàp pg ~nkf g`|ps jp Zl' Nfz`~fj'

fg`f dfgs` Nfz`~fja a x~`l`~as ax~kax` >888 c` agf NFNBFA cka~ g bfdna basfg?$bfdna

x`~z`jpsk~fbk~ f" ~kdagff'

f |`gfgc zx~` gkf zap gc`x~asas ax~kax` sksab c` NFNBFA I^@J@AZJ" AÂDAFJ f

@NÂFJ " c` xaxf~pzp~f f x`~iad`g`s`b` k~fifgfgab`'

^àdfgs`zj jkxffbk~ bpf Cpdg``p" j jkxffb` NFNBF@F "agsfj` f ags`l`pcab`%c` ba

gj`xpspb `~`f l`pcab`& " zj~fz` g basfg zgs |abka~kaz` cka~ x`gs~p jkdxa~af` ca~ zgs

c` x~kazs jabfsas`"xbfg` c` jkgs~acfjff" labzp~f" dpsfb~f"adxps~f'

Acfj gs~$k @|agie`bf` "l`d`f` `~a jagaagfs' g jàbabs @|agie`bf` `~a k i~`jkafj zf~k$

l`gfjfag' Afjf `zs` jkgs~acfjfa'

Xkzfnfb ja j`f ja~` ap ljps jkxffb` ck~àp z c`zjp~ao`` f z glf`~`` k~fj` abs gaf`

ja~` z` c`x~sà c` nfz`~fj f axpj jabà fpc`fbk~"dkgs`fzdpb f azsl`b ap zjefdnas

z`gzpb z`dagsfj %g`b`zpb& g aa l`b gjs kad`gff bpdff z azkjf`` x~``ga c~ajfbk~ f

a kad`gfbk~ c`dkgfaf jp x~``ga i~`jfbk~ f a fpc`fbk~'

@zs` f aj`zsa pg l`b c` gi~kf f a dagfxpba daz`b` c` j~`cfgjfkf' f c` a zxpg`

`|~`fbk~ f i~`jfbk~ ? Xg gp jaxfspbaf "gp zgs`f nfg` |`gff!

@u`dxbpNFNBFA \PBIASA JB@D@GSFG' JB@D@GSGA ^@CF\F\AZ GKP \@^ZFPG@

A NFNBF@F \PBIASA JB@D@GSFG&PGC@_AZS^P S@KBKIFJ ANZKBPS ' As s~`npf

ùxpz g C@U ba ~pn~fja s`~d`g`pbpf C@_AZS^P ^@BFIFKZ' gks` JS C@

C@_AZS^PAZ' ASS "JA F ?JB@D@GSGA @CF\F\AZ

A\@F DAF OKZ PG JFSAS PG @U@DXBP CFG \PBIASA JB@D@GSFGA @CF\F\AZ?

Das`|z 10?>> @S @JJ@ D\BF@^ JEAGAGA A LFGFN\Z FBFZ JBADA\FS"CFJ@GZFZ ? DFZ@^@^@

D@F"CKDFG@ LFBF\Z CA\FC? DA LFBFA @ZS DAB@ A CADKGFK \@UAS\^'

Das`f 10?>> w Zf fas ja k l`d`f` jagagàgj" a |`gfs cfg fgpsp~fb` aj`bà" zf a gj`xps z zs~fi`js~` @b? ""Af dfb c` dfg`" Ckadg`" Lfpb bpf Ca|fc! Lffja$dà `zs` dpgjfs ~p c` pg c~aj'hh

L`d`fa aj`fa `~a c` laxs i~`jkafja


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DA^J\Z 9?>>@s `jj` dpbf`~ jeagaga a lfgfnpz fbbfz ì~`zza jbada|fs" cfj`gz `f ? Dfz`~`~`

d`f" Ckdfg` lfbf Ca|fc ? lfbfa dà dab` a cdkgfk |ùasp~

Da~jp 9?">< w L`d`fa ajàzsa `~a k i~`jkafj" c` kn~zf` Zf~k$l`gfjfag'@a b ~pia za zjkas x` c~ajpb cfg lffja `f'

>


37/85

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Das`f 10?>> w Zf fas ja k l`d`f` jagagàgj" a |`gfs cfg fgpsp~fbàj`bà" f a gj`xps z zs~fi` js~` @b? ""Af dfb c` dfg`" Ckadg`" Lfpb bpfCa|fc! Lffja$dà `zs` dpgjfs ~p c` pg c~aj'hh

::

::

10?>> Da~jp 9?">< w L`d`fa ajàzsa `~a k jagagfs" c` kn~zf` Zf~k$l`gfjfaga'@a b ~pia za zjkasa x` c~ajpb cfg lffja `f'

:

:

9?><




90 Ckf kad`gf k~nf b$ap ~pias x` Fzpz za ff |fgc`j`?

Das`f >8?:8 w f ckf k~nf `càpbgia c~pd' @f ap apfs j s~`j` Fzpz" f

ap gj`xps z zs~fi`? ""Af dfb c` gkf" Ckadg`" Lfpb bpf Ca|fc!hh


38/85

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Cka~ pg zfgip~ k~n ba ~pias x` Fzpz za fb |fgc`j`

Bpja 15?:0":5 wX` jgc Z` ax~kxfa Fzpz c` F`~fekg" pg k~n `cà bgia

c~pd f j`~à':5f `b a zs~fias? ""Fzpz`" Lfpb bpf Ca|fc" af dfba c` dfg`!hh

K^FIFGAB


Das`f >8?:8 w Zf ckf k~nf `càp bgia c~pd' @f ap apfs j s~`j` Fzpz" f

ap gj`xps za zs~fi`? ""Af dfb c` gkf" Ckadg`" Lfpb bpf Ca|fc!hh

>

>

>8?:8

Bpja 15?:0":5 wX` jgc Z` ax~kxfa Fzpz c` F`~fekg" ckf k~nf `càp bgia

c~pd f j`~àp' f pg k~n ba kx~fs'

:5' @b a zs~fias xps`~gfj? ""Fzpz`" Lfpb bpf Ca|fc" af dfb c` dfg`!hh


39/85

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15?:0

15?:5


_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGS^ACFJFA j``a j` z`

nas` jax$g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

68 Fzpz z$a ~fcfjas ba j`~ c` x` dpgs`b` dazbfg`bk~ cfg F`~pzabfd?

Laxs`b` Axkzskbfbk~ 1?6"1> w 6'Cpx j` a zxpz aj`zs` bpj~p~f" x` jgc

z` pfsap `f ba @b" Z)a gbas ba j`~" f pg gk~ B $a azjpgz cfg kjeff bk~'

1>'Aspgjf `f z)ap gsk~z g F`~pzabfd cfg dpgs`b` gpdfs ab Dazbfgfbk~"

ja~` `zs` bgia F`~pzabfd" c`xa~s` js pg c~pd g fpa Zanaspbpf'


40/85

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Fzpz z$a fgabsas ba j`~ cfg N`sagfa ?

Bpja >3?08"01 w 08@b f $a cpz ala~ xga zx~` N`sagfa' f $a ~fcfjas

dgfb`" f f $a nfg`jp|gsas'01X` jgc f nfg`jp|gsa" Z)a c`zxa~sfs c` `f" zf a lkzs gabas ba j`~'

]N`sagfa g agsfjefsas` `~a ja f af k zpnp~nfa a F`~pzabfdpbpf ba k

cfzsag c` 1>88md$1588md X~ajsfj gp zs` k jkgs~acfjf`"xa~` aa

lffgc gpdfs` ckp k~a` cfl`~fs`'1 f c` Zanase `zs` pgfsas` c` dzp~

nfnbfj 4 1'>88mdT

K^FIFGAB


68 Fzpz z$a ~fcfjas ba j`~ c` x` dpgs`b` dazbfg`bk~ cfg F`~pzabfd?

Laxs`b` Axkzskbfbk~ 1?6"1> w 6Cpx j` a zxpz aj`zs` bpj~p~f" x` jgc

z` pfsap `f ba @b" Z)a gbas ba j`~" f pg gk~ B $a azjpgz cfg kjeff bk~'

1>Aspgjf `f z)ap gsk~z g F`~pzabfd cfg dpgs`b` gpdfs ab Dazbfgfbk~"

ja~` `zs` bgia F`~pzabfd" c`xa~s` js pg c~pd g fpa Zanaspbpf'

1?6


41/85

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Fzpz z$a fgabsas ba j`~ cfg N`sagfa ?

Bpja >3?08"01 w 08@b f $a cpz ala~ cfg j`sas`F`~pzabfd& xga zx~`

N`sagfa' f $a ~fcfjas dgfb`" f f $a nfg`jp|gsas'

01X` jgc f nfg`jp|gsa" Z)a

c`zxa~sfs c` `f" zf a lkzs gbas ba j`~'

>

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]N`sagfa g agsfjefsas` `~a ja f af k zpnp~nfa a F`~pzabfdpbpf ba k

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lffgc gpdfs` ckp k~a` cfl`~fs`'1 f c` Zanase `zs` pgfsas` c` dzp~

nfnbfj 4 1'>88mdT


_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z`

nas` jax$g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

111 Dfzpgà bpf Fzpz a lkzs za acpja xajà?


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Bpja >?1:"13 w 1:'f c`kcas" dx~`pg jp gi`~pb z)a pgfs k dpbfd`

c` kazs` j`~àzj" bapcgc x` Cpdg``p" f fjgc?

13""Zba| bpf Cpdg``p g bkjp~fb` x~à gabs`" f xaj` x` xadgs

gs~` kad`gff xbajpf Bpf'hh

Dfzpgà bpf Fzpz gp a lkzs z acpj xajà?

Das`f 18?:3 wZ gp j~`c`f ja ad |`gfs z)acpj xajà x` xdgs= g)ad

|`gfs za acpj xajà" jf zanfa'

K^FIFGAB


Bpja >?1:"13 w 1:'f c`kcas" dx~`pg jp gi`~pb z)a pgfs k dpbfd`

c` kazs` j`~àzj" bapcgc x` Cpdg``p" f fjgc?

13""Zba| bpf Cpdg``p g bkjp~fb` x~à gabs`" f xaj` x` xadgs

gs~` kad`gff xbajpf Bpf'hh

Das`f 18?:3 wZ gp j~`c`f ja ad |`gfs z)acpj xajàg`xz~ff x`

xdgs= g)ad |`gfs za acpj xajà jkdx~kdfzpbpf" jf zanfa Cpepbpf'



43/85

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13> Fbf` z$a fgabsas ba j`~p~f ?

>Fdxa~asf >?11 w X` jgc d`~iàp `f |k~nfgc" fas ja pg ja~ c` lkj f

gfzs` jaf c` lkj f$ap c`zx~fs x` pgpb c` abspb" f Fbf` z)a gabsas ba j`~

gs~)pg |~sò c` |gs'

Gfd`gf gala~ c` Fzpz gp z$a fgabas ba j`~p~f ?

Fkag :?1: w:Gfd`gf gp z)a zpfs g j`~" ala~ c` J`b j` Z)a xkik~s cfg j`~"

acfj Lfpb kdpbpf" ja~` `zs` g j`~'

K^FIFGAB


>Fdxa~asf >?11 w X` jgc d`~iàp `f |k~nfgc" fas ja pg ja~ c` lkj f

gfzs` jaf c` lkj f$ap c`zx~fs x` pgpb c` abspb" f Fbf` z)a gabsas ba j`~

gs~)pg |~sò c` |gs'

" " $ "

= " " " '

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Z)a xkik~s cfg j`~" acfj Lfpb kdpbpf" ja~` `zs` g j`~'Jjf skf j`f cfg


44/85

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|`jefd` @gke "Fbf` ap lkzs bpaf"cpx jpd `zs` zj~fz'

T/X~fg `b gzpfT0

]a~adafjT0

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185 Fzpz `zs` `iab jp Cpdg``p ?

Fkag 18?:8 w @p f Sasbpga zgs`d'hh

Lfbfx`gf >?0"


45/85

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K^FIFGAB


Fkag 18?:8 w @p f Sasb pgpb zgs`d'hh

]a~adafjT

> ]`n~afjT

18?:8 ]i~`aj |`je`T

Lfbfx`gf >?0"?0 ]i~`aj

|`je`T

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118 \`jefb` b`if ap lkzs pgbkjpfs` cxpa |`gf~`a bpf Fzpz ?

Bpja 1


49/85

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0

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Das`f


50/85

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Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' 3:



3: Kad`gff gp ap |kf` za bpj~`` fg fpa c` Zanas"fa~ caja bpj~àa

za lf` x`c`xzfsf jp dka~sà ?

@ukc :1?10 w Z bpj~`f az` fb`= ca~ a axsà `zs` Zanaspb" fpa c`

kcfeg" gjefgasa Ckdgpbpf' Jfg` |a laj` |~`k bpj~a~` g fpa Zanaspbpf"

|a lf x`c`xzfs jp dka~sà'

Gpd`~f 10?:> ":< w Jgc `~ap jkxfff bpf Fz~a`b g xpzsf`" ap iazfs x` pg kd

zs~gigc b`dg` g fpa Zanaspbpf'

:


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K^FIFGAB


@ukc :1?10 w Z bpj~`f az` fb`= ca~ a axs`a `zs` Zanaspb" fpa c`

kcfeg" gjefgasa Ckdgpbpf' Jfg` |a laj` |~`k bpj~a~` g fpa Zanaspbpf"

|a lf x`c`xzfs jp dka~s`a'

":< w Jgc `~ap jkxfff bpf Fz~a`b g xpzsf`" ap iazfs x` pg kd

zs~gigc b`dg` g fpa Zanaspbpf'

:


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bpdf jefa~ f af= f @p c` az`d`gà bpj~`" bpj~a~à Bpf" Zanaspb j`bk~

|ff'hh

0

0


_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z` nas`jax$g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

? Fzpz a d~sp~fzfs j `zs` s~fdfz c` Cpdg``p ?

Fkag 5?15"13 wC~`xs ~zxpgz" Fzpz b` $a fz? ""Jefa~ caj @p d~sp~fz`zj

c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" skspf d~sp~fa Dà `zs` ac`|a~as= jajf @p sfp c`

pgc` ad |`gfs zf pgc` D cpj" ca~ |kf gpsfsf gfjf c` pgc` |fg gfjf pgc`

D cpj'

c`jf c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" d~sp~fz`zj @p" f c`zx~` Dfg` d~sp~fz`s` f

Sasb" ja~` D)a s~fd`z'hh

Fzpz a ~`jpgkzjps j gp a da~sp~fzfs gfdfj ?

Fkag 0?:1 wCaj @p d~sp~fz`zj c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" d~sp~fa Dà gp

`zs` ac`|a~as'


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K^FIFGAB


Fkag 5?15"13 w 15'C~`xs ~zxpgz" Fzpz b` $a fz? ""Jefa~ caj @p

d~sp~fz`zj c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" skspf d~sp~fa D`a `zs` ac`|a~as=

jjf @p sfp c` pgc` ad |`gfs f pgc` D cpj" ca~ |kf gp sfsf gfjf c`

pgc` |fg gfjf pgc` D cpj'

01

01

5?13

13'C`jf c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" d~sp~fz`zj @p" f c`zx~` Dfg` d~sp~fz`s`

f Sasb" ja~` D)a s~fd`z'hh

0

0

5?15


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Fkag 0?:1 wCaj @p d~sp~fz`zj c`zx~` Dfg` gzpdf" d~sp~fa Dà gp

`zs` c`xbfg 'Ca~ d~sp~fa Sasbpf g Cpepb Bpf "`zs` ac`|a~as c`zx~`

skas bpj~a~à Bpf axa~` g Jkcù Abùagc~fgpz f Jkcù As`gfagpz &'

0

0

0?:1

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' _kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z` nas`


Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~'0>



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0> P~azs`$sf ladfbfa?

Bpja 13?>< w""Caj |fg` jfg`|a ba Dfg`" f gp p~as`x` sasb zap" x`

dada$za" x` g`|azsa$za" x` jkxfff zf" x` l~aff zf" x` zp~k~fb` zab`" na

jefa~ gzf |faa za" gp xkas` lf pj`gfjpb D`p'

@zs` xjas za ff p~sf ladfbfa?

@l`z`gf w ""Z jfgzs`sfx` sasb sp f x` dada sahh $`zs` jà cfgsf

xk~pgja gzksfs c` k laicpfga

@l`z`gf 0?>0">6 w >0'N~nafbk~" fpnff$|a g`|`zs`b` jpd a fpnfs zf E~fzskz

Nfz`~fja f Z)a cas x` Zfg` x`gs~p à"

>6Jjf gfd`gf gp f $a p~s |~`kcas s~pxpb bpf" jf b e~ag`s`" b gi~fo`s`

jp c~ai" ja f E~fzskz Nfz`~fja=

K^FIFGAB


0> P~azs`$sf ladfbfa?

Bpja 13?>< w""Caj |fg` jfg`|a ba Dfg`" f p~as` x` sasb zap" x` dada$

za" x` g`|azsa$za" x` jkxfff zf" x` l~aff zf" x` zp~k~fb` zab`" na jefa~

gzf |faa za f gp p~s` xjas` ja~` f ~knàp jpdxbfs" gp xkas` lf

pj`gfjpb D`p':

:

13?><


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@zs` xjas za ff p~sf ladfbfa?

@l`z`gf w ""Z jfgzs`sf x` sasb sp f x` dada sahh $`zs` j`a cfgsf

xk~pgja gzksfs c` k laicpfga

:

:

@l`z`gf 0?>0">6 w >0'N~nafbk~" fpnff$| g`|`zs`b` jpd a fpnfs zf E~fzskz

Nfz`~fja f Z)a cas x` Zfg` x`gs~p `a"

:

:

0?>0

>6Jjf gfd`gf gp f $a p~s |~`kcas s~pxpb bpf" jf b e~ag`s`" b gi~fo`s`

jp c~ai" ja f E~fzskz Nfz`~fja=

:

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0?>6

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~'1>9



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1>9 Opipb j~`cfgs`f `zs` pzk~?

Das`f 11?>5">6":8 w\`gfsf ba Dfg`" sksf j`f s~pcfsf zf dxk|a~asf" zf @p |a

|kf ca kcfega'

>6Bpasf opipb D`p azpx~a |kazs~a" zf g|asasf c`ba Dfg`" jajf @p zgs nbgc

zf zd`~fs jp fgfda= zf |`sf iazf kcfega x`gs~p zplb`s`b` |kazs~`'

:8Jajf opipb D`p `zs` npg" zf za~jfga D`a `zs` pzka~a'hh

Opipb j~`cfgs`f `zs` i~`p?

Fkag 1


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Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' :9



Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ :9

Jpd a albas Zfdkg X`s~` j Fzpz `~a E~fzskz;

a& X~fgs~$k ~`|`baf` cfg j`~Das`f 1


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ja~` z` sbjpf`s`? E~fzskz&'

K^FIFGAB


Das`f 1


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10

10

1?31

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~':6



Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ :6

Jgc Fzpz b$a fgsbgfs x` Faf~" lasa bpf Faf~ dp~fz`" zap gp;

a& Ca'15' X` jgc b` zxpgà Fzpz aj`zs` |k~n`" fas j a |`gfs pgpb cfg l~pgsaff

zfgaikiff" F z$a gjefgas" f F$a fz? .Lffja dà acfgàk~f a dp~fs= ca~ |fgk

c` xpg`$f dfgfb` x`zs` à" f |a g|fa'. Das`f 6?15&

n&Gp'

>:' f F$a ljps p~dska~à ~pidfgs` zs~pfska~`? .L`sfa dà s~ai` z

dka~= ~kip$S`" |fgk c`$f xpg` dfgfb` x`zs` à" ja zz` laj

zgskaz f z s~fazj'. Da~jp 0?>:&

K^FIFGAB


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15' X` jgc b` zxpgà Fzpz aj`zs` |k~n`" fas j a |`gfs pgpb cfg l~pgsaff

zfgaikiff" F z$a gjefgas" f F$a fz? .Lffja dà acfgàk~f a dp~fs= ca~ |fgk

c` xpg`$f dfgfb` x`zs` à" f |a g|fa'. Das`f 6?15&

0

0

6?15 ]T

>:' f F$a ljps p~dska~à ~pidfgs` zs~pfska~`? .L`sfa dà `$g aikgfa

dk~ff= ~kip$S`" |fgk c`$f xpg` dfgfb` x`zs` à" ja z fgs~` cpe c` |fa

f z s~fazj'. Da~jp 0?>:&

:

:

0?>:


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Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 31

A j~`ps F~kc j Fzpz `~a Fkag Nksàsk~pb;

a& Ca Das`f 13?>" Da~jp >' f a fz zbpofsk~fbk~ zf? Aj`zsa `zs` Fkag Nks`sk~pb= `b z$a

zjpbas cfg dk~f f c` aj`à z` laj dfgpgf x~fg `b'

Da~jp >' f a fz zbpofsk~fbk~ zf? Aj`zsa `zs` Fkag Nks`sk~pb= `b z$a

zjpbas cfg dk~f f c` aj`à z` laj dfgpgf x~fg `b'


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::

::

13?>> ]T

Da~jp


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6?6 ]T

Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' :


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K^FIFGAB


9 Ap acpz di~ppb di~f`f ba Fzpz" f$ap a~pgjas eafg`b` x` `b" f

Fzpz a gjb`jas x` `b' Da~jp 11?9= Bpja 16?:0&

11?9

9 Ap acpz di~fa f di~ppb" f$ap xpz eafg`b` x`zs` `f" f @b a `ps

c`azpx~a'

Das`f >1?9&

>1?9




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111111111111111111>>111>


Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 3>

B$a ~`jpgkzjps Fkag Nksàsk~pb x` Fzpz fgafgs` c` nks`pb zap;

a& Ca' Das`f :?1:$13&

1:' g aj`zs sfdx a |`gfs Ffzpz cfg Iabfb`à" ba Fk~cag" js~` Fkag" ja z z`

nks`` c` js~` `b'

13' Fkag gz b kx~à" fjgc? @p ad s~`npfg z lfp nksàs c` Sfg`" f

Sp |ff ba dfg`;

n& Gp' Fkag 1?:>$ ::&

:>' f a d~sp~fzfs Fkag fjgc? Ad |ps Cpepb jknk~gcp$Z`" cfg j`~"

ja pg xk~pdn`b f a ~daz x`zs` @b'

::' f `p gp$B jpgksàd x` @b" ca~ J`b j` d$a s~fdfz z nks` jp ax"

Aj`ba df$a fz? X`zs` Ja~` |`f |`cà Cpepb jknk~gcp$Z` f ~dggc

x`zs` @b" Aj`ba `zs` J`b j` nksà jp Cpe Zlgs'

K^FIFGAB


Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 3>

Das`f :?1:$13& 1:' g aj`zs sfdx a |`gfs Ffzpz cfg Iabfb`à" ba Fk~cag"

js~` Fkag" ja z z` nks`` c` js~` `b'

13' Fkag gz b kx~à" fjgc Cpepb CKDGPBPF g jefx |ps `zs` x`zs`

SFG@ f S`$a PGZ? @p ad s~`npfg z lfp nksàs c` Sfg`" f Sp |ff ba


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dfg`;

0

06

:?1:

01

01

:?13

Fkag 1?:>$ ::&:>' f a d~sp~fzfs Fkag fjgc? Ad |ps Cpepb

jknk~gcp$Z`" cfg j`~" ja pg xk~pdn`b f a ~daz x`zs` @b'

::' f `p gp$B jpgksàd x` @b" ca~ J`b j` d$a s~fdfz z nks` jp ax"

Aj`ba df$a fz? X`zs` Ja~` |`f |`cà Cpepb jknk~gcp$Z` f ~dggcx`zs` @b" Aj`ba `zs` J`b j` nksà jp Cpe Zlgs'

:

:

1?:>


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1?::



Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 3:

B$a ~`jpgkzjps Fkag Nks`ask~pb x` Fzpz cpxa nks`pb zap;

a& Ca' Fkag 1?:>$ ::&

n& Gp' Das`f 11?>&

K^FIFGAB



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Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' U _kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGSÂCFJFA j`à j` z` nas`





Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 108

A zxpz Fzpz j`|a fg azjpgz;

a&Gp' .f g$ad zxpz gfdfj g azjpgz' . Fkag 15?>8&

n&Ca' .Gp b` |k~nà c`bkj l~ xfbc= ca~" jgc `~a zfgip~ ba k xa~s`"

bdp~à pj`gfjfbk~ Zf skas` bpj~p~fb`'. Da~jp 3?:3&

Pj`gfjff z$ap ax~kxfas c` @b" f F$ap fz? .C` j` b` |k~n`sf g xfbc`;. +

Fzpz b`$a ~zxpgz? .X`gs~p j |kp |$a lkzs cas z jpgkas`f safg`b`

fdx~f`f j`~p~fbk~" fa~ bk~ gp b`$a lkzs cas' . Das`f 1:?18$11&


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K^FIFGAB


Fkag 15?>8&.f g$ad zxpz gfdfj g azjpgz' . Fkag 15?>8&

:>

:>

15?>8

Da~jp 3?:3&.Gp b` |k~n`a g azjpgz " gfjf l~ xfbc= ca~" jgc `~a

zfgip~ ba k xa~s`" bdp~`a pj`gfjfbk~ Zf skas` bpj~p~fb`'. Da~jp 3?:3&

1

1

3?:3


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111111111111111111>>111>

Das`f 1:?18$11&Pj`gfjff z$ap ax~kxfas c` @b" f F$ap fz? .C` j` b` |k~n`sf

g xfbc`;. Fzpz b`$a ~zxpgz? .X`gs~p j |kp gp |$a lkzs azjpgz f |$a

lkzs zj~fz z jpgkas`f safg`b` dx~f`f j`~p~fbk~" fa~ bk~ gp b`$a lkzs

cas' . Das`f 1:?18$11&

0>

0>

1:?18

00

00

1:?11



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Jkgs~acfjsfa g~ 31?16&16' f |gc pg zdkjefg bgi jab`" Z$a cpz ba `b"

ca~ g$a izfs gfdfj g `b c`js gpdaf l~pg`" f a fz bpf? C` ajpd gafgs`

z gp daf lf` ~kc cfg sfg` g |àj! f zdkjefgpb z$a pzjas gcas'

n& Gp" z$a pzjas fg sfdxpb gkxsff' %Da~jp 11?>8&>8' Cfdfgàa" s~`jgc x`

ajkbk" ap |ps zdkjefgpb pzjas cfg ~cjfgf'

>1' f X`s~p" acpjgcp$f adfgs`" F$a fz? g|sk~pb`" fas zdkjefgpb x`

ja~` b$af nb`zs`das z$a pzjas'

K^FIFGAB


%Das`f >1?16&16' f |gc pg zdkjefg bgi jab`" Z$a cpz ba `b" ca~ g$a

izfs gfdfj g `b c`js gpdaf l~pg`" f a fz bpf? C` ajpd gafgs` z gp

daf lf` ~kc cfg sfg` g |àj! f zdkjefgpb z$a pzjas gcas'


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111111111111111111>>111>

0

0

>1?16

%Da~jp 11?>8">1& >8' Cfdfg`aa" s~`jgc x` ajkbk" ap |ps zdkjefgpb

pzjas cfg ~cjfgf'

>1' f X`s~p" acpjgcp$f adfgs`" F$a fz? g|sk~pb`" fas zdkjefgpb x`

ja~` b$af nb`zs`das z$a gcas pzjas'

:>

:>

11?>8

0:

:0

11?>1


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Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' k&Zksfa bpf F~kc"F~kcfca a lkzs jà ja~` a |~ps za$b kdka~` Jjf F~kc z` s`dà c` Fkag" sffgcp$b n~nas c~`xs f zlgs" f$b kj~ksà' f

azjpbsgcp$b" dpbs` ljà f jp c~ai b azjpbsa Da~j < ?>k&


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111111111111111111>>111>

K^FIFGAB


Das`f 13?0&

f |kfgc z$b pjfc dgas c` F~kcfaca" z$a s`dps c` dpbfd`" j$b

zkjksà x` `b ja x~kk~kj f b fpnà Das`f 13?0&

13?0

Da~j < ?>k&Zkfa bpf F~kc"F~kcfca a lkzs jà ja~` a |~ps z$b kdka~`

Jjf F~kc z` s`dà c` Fkag" sffgcp$b n~nas c~`xs f zlgs" f$b kj~ksà' f

azjpbsgcp$b" dpbs` ljà f jp c~ai b azjpbsa Da~j < ?>k&

:>

:>

8



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_kga gj`~jpfs g je`ga~ a~as JKGS^ACFJFA j``a j z` nas` jax$g$jax f gp z` xks~f|`s`'

Jkgs~acfjsfa g~


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JA^@ A LKZS AB _@J@B@A AXKZSKB AB BPF FZPZ CFG BFZSA C@

CKFZX^@_@J@ ;

a& Das`f 18 ?1$3 Sac`p Je`dgc ba Zfg` x` j`f ckfzx~``j` pj`gfjf afZf" b`$a cas bk~ xps`~` azpx~a cpep~fbk~ j`bk~ g`jp~as`" ja z b` zjkas f

z sdcpfazj k~fj` nkab f k~fj` g`xpsfg'

Da~jp : ?1:$16 Gpd`b` j`bk~ ckfzx~``j` axkzskbf zpgs aj`zs`a?

,Fjf~j=gsf Zfdkg" j`b gpdfs X`s~p" f Agc~`f" l~as`b` bpf= Fajk| ab bpf

_`|`c`p f Fkagl~as`b` bpf Lfbfx f \a~skbkd`p" Skda f Das`f

|ad`pb" Fajk| ab bpf Abl`p f B`|f j` z` fj` Sac`p Zfdkg Jagag`pb f

Fpca Fzja~fks`agpb" j`b ja~` B$a |gcps Das`f 18 ?1$3" Da~jp : ?1:$16&

n& Fpca lfpb bpf Fajk| Bpja < ?1>$1


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Jkgs~acfjfa nfnbfj g~' 90 w >0Jgc B$ap ~zsfigfs" `~a jàzpb ab s~`fbà'

Fzpz gp a lkzs ~azsfigfs xga fg jàzpb ab az`bà ?

Fkag 16?13"10 w @~a fpa X~ìsf~ff Xas`bk~" jad x`ba jàzpb ab az`bà'


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111111111111111111>>111>

Xfbas a fz Fpc`fbk~? ""Fas dxa~aspb |kzs~p!hh

10Ca~ `f ap zs~fias? ""Fa $B" fa $B" ~azsfig`s` $B!hh ""Z ~azsfig`zj x`

dxa~aspb |kzs~p;hh b` $a fz Xfbas' X~`kff j`f daf c` zàda ap

~azxpgz? ""Gkf g)a|`d abs dx~as c`js x` Jà~pb!hh

ABS@ JKGSÂCFJFF X@ ZJP^S






Fkag 18?:8 w @p zf Sasab pga zgs`d'hhLfbfx`gf >?0"3?:< wC`zx~` fpa aj`à zf c`zx~` jàzpb aj`ba" gp zsf` gfd`gf?


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gfjf gi`~ff cfg j`~p~f" gfjf Lfpb" jf gpdaf Sasab '

K^FIFGAB


:8

:8

18?:8

Fkag 18?:8 w @p f Sasab" gpdaf PGPB

0

0

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<

9 9


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118 \`jefb` b`if ap lkzs pgbkjpfs` cxpa |`gf~`a bpf Fzpz ?

Bpja 1


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1<

1>111>

<

9?< ]T

^kdagf 9?< w Ca~ ajpd" ad lkzs fn|ff c` jpspd` Xps`~à

J~`cpbfsff" f zgs`d dk~f la c` Apsk~fsasà ajàzsa" ja~` g` fgà

~knf" ja z zbpofd bpf Cpdg``p gs~)pg Cpe \fp" fa~ gp cpx |`jefb`

zpx`~zsfff zj~fz`'%bìf kd`g`s`" jpspd` ~`bfifkaz` f casfgf gala~a

Nfnbf`f&

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CONTRADICŢII BIBLICE TEEMELII DUHOVNICEŞTI

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Transcript of CONTRADICŢII BIBLICE TEEMELII DUHOVNICEŞTI