CAP II Calculul Termic

8/17/2019 CAP II Calculul Termic

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UNIVERSITATEA “OVIDIUS “ CONSTANŢAFACULTATEA DE INGINERIE MECANICĂ, INDUSTRIALĂ ŞI

MARITIMĂSPECIALIZAREA AUTOVEHICULE RUTIERE

PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 8

CAPITOLUL 2

CALCULUL TERMIC

2.1. GENERALITĂŢI

Motoru !u "r#$r$ %&t$r&' $(t$ u& ")r$)"t t$r*%!, +& !"r$ !'#ur" ro#u(' r%& "r#$r$" u&u%

!o*-u(t%-% ($ tr"&(or*' +& u!ru *$!"&%!, r%& %&t$r*$#%u u&u% u%# &u*%t u%# *otor. /&

!o*o0%1%" "!$(tu%" %&tr' 2% o "rt$ #%& ro#u($$ #$ "r#$r$ %"r $3ou1%%$ "!$(tu%" ($ r$"%0$"0' r%&

%&t$r*$#%u u&u% %(to& " !'ru% *%2!"r$ "t$r&"t%3' #$ tr"&("1%$ +& %&t$r%oru u&u% !%%ru $(t$

tr"&(or*"t' +& *%2!"r$ #$ rot"1%$ #$ !'tr$ *$!"&%(*u -%$'4*"&%3$'.

Pr%& !"!uu t$r*%! " *oto"r$or #%$($ ($ ur*'r$2t$ #$t$r*%&"r$" *'r%*%or #$ (t"r$ "$

u%#uu% *otor +& $3ou1%" (" +& !"#ru !%!uu% #$ u&!1%o&"r$. Cu "5utoru "!$(t$% *'r%*% ($ o"t$

tr"(" #%")r"*" %%!"t' " !%!uu% #$ u&!1%o&"r$, $ -"0" !'r$%" ($ ot #$t$r*%&" r%&!%"$$ *'r%*%

!"r"!t$r%(t%!$ "$ u&u% *otor6 "r"*$tr%% %%!"1% 2% $$!t%3%, r%&!%"$$ #%*$&(%u&% !o&(tru!t%3$,

ut$r$" 2% $!o&o*%!%t"t$" *otoruu%, r$!u* 2% or1$$ !"r$ "!1%o&$"0' "(ur" %$($or *otoruu%.


2/32

F%).7. Pr%&!%%u #$ u&!1%o&"r$ " MAISursa 1




2.2. PRINCIPIUL DE FUNCŢIONARE AL M.A.I.

S!:$*" #$ r%&!%%u " u&u% M.A.I. +& "tru t%*% !u "r%$r$ r%& !o*r%*"r$ $(t$ r$#"t' +&

%)ur" 7..

/& !%%ru ($ #$"($"0'

%(to&u 7 !"r$ $(t$ "rt%!u"t r%&

-%$" ; !u *"&%3$" < " "r-or$u%

!ot%t

!o*""t r%& (u"" #$ $3"!u"r$

SE 7. D$ "($*$&$", +& !:%u"(' $(t$

r"!t%!"t u& or%%!%u $&tru %&5$!toru

?. /&!'r!'tur" ro"('t' 'tru$ +& !%%ru r%& !"&"u 8 #%& !:%u"(' 2% r%& ($!1%u&$" !o&tro"t' #$

(u"" #$ "#*%(%$ 9 " !'r$% #$(!:%#$r$ $(t$ !o*""t' r%& !"*" "r-or$u% !u !"*$ +& u&!1%$ #$

o0%1%" %(to&uu% +& !%%ru.

G"0$$ "r($ (u&t $%*%&"t$ r%& ($!1%u&$" > !o&tro"t' #$ SE 7 r%& !"&"u #$ !:%u"(' 2% r%&

!o$!toru #$ $3"!u"r$. SE $(t$ !o*""t' r%&tr4o !"*' "!1%o&"t' #$ "r-or$$ !u !"*$ +& u&!1%$ #$

o0%1%" %(to&uu%. C%%ru $(t$ r"!t%!"t +&tr4u& -o! !$ ($ !o&(tru%$2t$ !u "rt$" %&$r%o"r' (u- or*'#$ !"rt$r @ +& !"r$ ($ %$"0' ")'r$$ ; "$ "r-or$u% !ot%t. P"rt$" %&$r%o"r' " *otoruu% $(t$ +&!:%('

r%& -"%" #$ u$% =.

A(%r"1%" +&!'r!'tur%% ro"($t$ ($ r$"%0$"0' r%& #$"("r$" %(to&uu% #$ " P.M.S. " P.M.I. ,

t%* +& !"r$ SA $(t$ #$(!:%(' 2% SE $(t$ +&!:%('. Pr%& rot%r$" *"&%3$$% %(to&u ($ #$"($"0' #$ "

P.M.I. " P.M.S. !o*r%*B +&!'r!'tur" ro"('t' #%& !%%ru, t%* +& !"r$ "*-$$ (u"$ (u&t

+&!:%($.

L" (Br2%tu !ur($% #$ !o*r$(%$ ($ %&5$!t$"0' *otor%&" !"r$ ($ 3"or%0$"0' 2% ($ "uto"r%$.Ur*$"0' #$(t%$r$" !"r$ ($ r$"%0$"0' $ #ur"t" #$"('r%% %(to&uu% #%& P.M.S. B&' +& P.M.I.,


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. >

tr"&(or*B $&$r)%" t$r*%!' " )"0$or +& $&$r)%$ *$!"&%!' tr"&(*%(' "r-or$u% !ot%t 2% *"% #$"rt$

tr"&(*%(%$% "uto3$:%!uuu%.

L" (Br2%tu !ur($% #$ #$(t%$r$ ($ #$(!:%#$ SE 2% o "rt$ #%& )"0$$ "r($ ($ $%*%&' #%& !%%ru

#"tor%t' r$(%u&%% (u$r%o"r$ " !"r$ ($ "' "1' #$ r$(%u&$" "t*o($r%!', %"r r$(tu )"0$or "r($ (u&t

o*"t$ #$ !'tr$ %(to& +& #$"("r$" (" #$ " P.M.I. B&' " P.M.S., t%* +& !"r$ SA r'*B&$ #$(!:%('.

C%!u ($ r$%" "o% r%&tr4o &ou' "(%r"1%$ #$ +&!'r!'tur' ro"('t'.

2.3. ALEGEREA PARAMETRILOR INIŢIALI DE CALCUL

2.3.1. Puterea efecti! "#i$%&'i(i)! )a ar(&re)e c&tit a) *&t&ru)ui+

Motoru !u "r#$r$ %&t$r&' !o&(u*' o "rt$ #%& u!ru *$!"&%! #$03ot"t +& !%%r% $&tru

+&3%&)$r$" r$0%(t$&1$or %&t$r&$, #$t$r*%&"t$ #$ "&tr$&"r$" (%(t$*$or "u%%"r$, #$ r$!"r$" *$!"&%!'

#%&tr$ (ur"$1$$ +& *%2!"r$ r$"t%3' 2% #$ r$!"r$" )"0o#%&"*%!' #%&tr$ u%#u *otor 2% or)"&$$ #$

#%(tr%-u1%$, !"*$r' #$ "r#$r$, %(to&, !%%ru 2% !:%u"('. D$ "!$$", ut$r$" $$!t%3' Pec #%(o&%-%' "

"r-or$$ !ot%t " *otoruu% $(t$ *"% *%!' #$!Bt !$" #$03ot"t' r%& "r#$r$" !o*-u(t%-%uu% ut$r$"

%%!"t' Pi.

E(t$ %*u(' r%& t$*" #$ ro%$!t"r$ 6 Pec = ?9,>=

Motoru $(t$ #$ ut$r$ *%5o!%$ $&tru !' Pec ∈ @= @=>

2.3.2. Nu*!r #e ti*%i τ

P"rt$" #%& !%!u *otor !"r$ ($ $$!tu$"0' +&tr4o !ur(' " %(to&uu% ($ &u*$2t$ t%*, !ur("

%(to&uu% r$r$0$&tB ("1%u "r!ur( #$ %(to& +&tr$ #ou' u&!t$ *o"rt$. U& *otor !"r$ $$!tu$"0'

u& !%!u !o*$t +& "tru !ur($ ($ &u*$2t$ *otor +& "tru t%*%. D"!' "!$2% !%!u !o*$t $(t$ $$!tu"t

+& #ou' !ur($ ($ &u*$2t$ *otor +& #o% t%*%.

τ - r$r$0%&t' &u*'ru #$ !ur($ $ !"r$ $ $$!ut' %(to&u +&tr4u& !%!u !o*$t #$ u&!1%o&"r$

2% $(t$ u&u #%&tr$ !r%t$r%%$ r%&!%"$ #$ !"(%%!"r$ " *oto"r$or !u "r#$r$ %&t$r&'.

S$ "$)$ τ < .


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG.

2.3.3. Tura,ia '

Nu*'ru #$ rot"1%% $$!tu"t$ #$ "r-or$$ !ot%t +&tr4u& *%&ut ($ &u*$2t$ 3%t$0" #$ rot"1%$, tur"1%"

"r-or$u% !ot%t, tur"1%" *otoruu% ("u, $ (!urt, tur"1%$. S$ &ot$"0' !u ' 2% ($ *'(o"r' +& rot"1%% $ *%&ut.

' 7>>> rot*%&

2.3.-. Nu*!ru) #e ci)i'#ri i

A$)$r$" &u*'ruu% #$ !%%r% ($ %$"0' 1%&B !o&t #$ "&u*%t$ !o&(%#$r$&t$. A(t$,

*oto"r$$ !u u& &u*'r r$#u( #$ !%%r% "u o $!:%%-r"r$ %&(u%!%$&t' 2% u& !uu *otor &$u&%or*, #$!%

"u &$3o%$ #$ u& 3o"&t )r$u.

/& !"0u &u*'ruu% *"r$ #$ !%%r% ($ r$0o3' *"% u2or ro-$*$$ #$ $!:%%-r"r$ 2% #$

u&%or*%0"r$ " 3%t$0$% #$ rot"1%$, +&(' "2$0"r$" +& %&%$ " *"% *ut #$ 0$!$ !%%r% &u $(t$ %%!"t' #%&

!"u0" $!:%%-r'r%% “%&t$r%o"r$J #$$!tuo"($ 2% #%& !"u0" 3%-r"1%%or tor(%o&"$ "$ "r-or$u% !ot%t. D$

r$)u', +& !"0u u&u% &u*'r *"% *"r$ #$ !%%r%, ($ ut%%0$"0' #%(u&$r% ($!%"$ "$ !%%r%or +& V, +&

(t$", +& $3"&t"%, !u !%%r% ou2%.

Sor%r$" &u*'ruu% #$ !%%r%, $(t$ +&(o1%t' 2% #$ o ($r%$ #$ &$"5u&(ur%. Co&(tru!1%" *oto"r$or

$(t$ *"% !o*%!"t' 2% r$"t%3 *"% (!u*'. O#"t' !u (or%r$" or)"&$or ""t$ +& *%2!"r$ !r$2t$ ($&(%-%

2% o(%-%%t"t$" #$$!t'r%or. D$ "($*$&$", !r$2t$r$" &u*'ruu% #$ !%%r% $(t$ +&(o1%t' 2% #$ o !r$2t$r$ "

tur"1%$% +& ur*' !'r$%" %"u &"2t$r$ or1$ #$ %&$r1%$ *"% *"r% !"r$ "! &$!$("r' o $$!u1%$ *"% r$!%(' "

%$($or, !u 5o!ur% *"% r$#u($ +& "rt%!u"1%% 2% +&tr$ or)"&$$ *otoruu%.D"tor%t' "!$(tor !o&(%#$r$&t$, 1%&B ($"*" !' #%& %t$r"tur" #$ ($!%"%t"t$ $&tru u& *otor #$

ut$r$ *$#%$, i < 8 !%%r%, ($ "$)$ i ? 2% o #%(o0%1%$ " !%%r%or +& %&%$.

2.3.. C&*%&/i,ia %r&ce'tua)! a c&*(u$ti(i)u)ui

D$ r$)u', !o*-u(t%-%%% !$% *"% ut%%0"1% +& *oto"r$$ !u "r#$r$ %&t$r&' (u&t #$ or%)%&$

$tro%$r'. E% r$r$0%&t' "*$(t$!ur% #$ :%#ro!"r-ur%, !"r$ !o&1%& 2% !"&t%t'1% 3"r%"-%$ #"r r$#u($ #$!o*u2% !u o%)$&, "0ot 2% (u, r$!u* 2% ur*$ #$ !o*u2% #$ (o#%u, ot"(%u, %$r, &%!:$ 2% 3"&"#%u.


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F%% u& *otor MAC, "!$(t" 3" u&!1%o&" !u *otor%&'. A$) ur*'to"r$" !o*o0%1%$

ro!$&tu"'6

C"r-o& ! 8=,@K

H%#ro)$& : ;,;K

O%)$& o K

Su ( >K

A' >K

R$0%#uur% >K.

2.3.0. Puterea ca)&rific! i'feri&ar! a c&*(u$ti(i)u)ui i'f

Ar#$r$" !o*-u(t%-%uu% %% !"r"!t$r%0"t' r%& !o*-%&"1%% "$ #%$r%t$or (u-(t"&1$ !u

o%)$&u, $(t$ o r$"!1%$ $ot$r*%!', "#%!' $(t$ +&(o1%t' #$ #$)"5"r$ #$ !'#ur'. C'#ur" !"r$ ($ #$)"5'

r%& "r#$r$" " ) !o*-u(t%-% ($ &u*$2t$ ut$r$ !"or%%!'.

Put$r$" !"or%%!' o-1%&ut' !B 3"or%% #$ "' or*"1% r%& "r#$r$ &u ($ !o$&($"0' r$r$0%&t'

ut$r$" !"or%%!' %&$r%o"r' %& .Co&or* or*u$% u% M$$$$36

i'f ;,; ! 7=? : >9o ( 7=,79 : ;,; 8=,@ 7=? ;,;

>94> 7=,79 ;,; > 79>?,8?< > QQ)

2.3.. Para*etrii *e#iu)ui a*(ia't

Pr$(%u&$" 2% t$*$r"tur" *$#%uu% +& !"r$ 3" u&!1%o&" *otoru, r$r$0%&t' "r"*$tr%% *$#%uu%

"*-%"&t.

Co&or* (t""r#uu% ro*B&$(! STAS ??;=4?7, "$)6

% >;7= P" "t* ,>;;7; )!*7

T 79> Q @ o C

2.3.4. Pre$iu'ea #e $u%raa)i*e'tare %$

P$&tru (or%r$" !o&(u*uu% or"r #$ u%# ro"('t, " "!$$"2% !%%r$$ 2% tur"1%$, ($ o"t$ *'r%%#$&(%t"t$" "!$(tu%" r%& %&t$r*$#%u u&$% (u"&t$ !"r$ 3" !o*r%*" "$ru #%& *$#%u "*-%"&t #$ "


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;

r$(%u&$" % " r$(%u&$" #$ (ur""%*$&t"r$ %$, ut$r$" *otoruu% %% roort%o&"' !u !o&(u*u #$

u%# ro"('t.

/& u&!1%$ #$ ")r$)"tu #$ (ur""%*$&t"r$, "!$"(t" o"t$ % 6

4 5o"(' 4 ( ,7.....,? >= P"

4 *$#%$ ( ,;.....7,> >= P"

4 +&"t' 4 ( 7,>...... >= P"

S$ "$)$ %$ 8>>>> P"

2.3.5. Pre$iu'ea #e eacuare %e

Pr$(%u&$" #$ $3"!u"r$ r$r$0%&t' r$(%u&$" #%& !o$!toru #$ $3"!u"r$ " )"0$or. P$&tru !"!u$

r$%*%&"r$, ($ o"t$ !o&(%#$r", +& !o&or*%t"t$ !u %t$r"tur" #$ ($!%"%t"t$, $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ ut$r$

*$#%$6 $3 7?>>> P"

2.3.1. C&eficie'tu) #e $c!#ere a %re$iu'ii #e a#*i$ie ξa

D"tor%t' r$0%(t$&1$or )"0o#%&"*%!$ "$ (%(t$*uu% #$ "#*%(%$ r$(%u&$" u%#uu% ro"('t "

%&tr"r$" +& !%%ru " $(t$ *"% *%!' #$!Bt r$(%u&$" "3ut' %&%1%" >, ( ("u -". R"ortu #%&tr$ !$$#ou' r$(%u&% r$r$0%&t' !o$%!%$&tu #$ (!'#$r$ " r$(%u&%% #$ "#*%(%$.

D%& #"t$ $$r%*$&t"$, $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ ut$r$ *$#%$ 2% (ur""%*$&t"t$6 ξ" "> >,88

>,9?

P" r$(%u&$" u%#uu% ro"('t " %&tr"r$" +& !%%ru

S$ "$)$6 ξa >,9;

2.3.11. Te*%eratura 6a/e)&r ar$e re/i#ua)e Tr

T$*$r"tur" )"0$or "r($ r$0%#u"$ r$r$0%&t' t$*$r"tur" )"0$or "r($ !"r$ &u (u&t $3"!u"t$

#%& !%%r% $ "r!ur(u ro!$(uu% #$ $3"!u"r$ #%& #%$r%t$ !"u0$6 r"ortu #$ !o*r%*"r$ *%!,

#$(!:%#$r$" %&(u%!%$&t' " (u"$% #$ $3"!u"r$ $t!.

Tr #$%$ #$ ur*'tor%% "!tor% 6 r"ortu #$ !o*r%*"r$, ("r!%&" *otoruu%, tur"1%" *otoruu%.

Cu !Bt ε $(t$ *"% *"r$, !u "tBt )r"#u #$ #$(t%$r$ " )"0$or 3" % *"% *"r$, !$$" !$ !ou!$ "

r$#u!$r$" t$*$r"tur%% Tr.


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. <

D%& #"t$ $$r%*$&t"$, $&tru *oto"r$$ !u "r%$r$ r%& !o*r$(%$6 Tr ?>> 9>>Q.

S$ "$)$ 6 Tr @>> Q

2.3.12. 7'c!)/irea aeru)ui 8' c&'tact cu *&t&ru) T

/&!'r!'tur" ro"('t' ($ +&!'0$2t$ +& !%%ru #"tor%t' tr"&($ruu% #$ !'#ur' #$ " $r$1%%

)"$r%$% #$ "#*%(%$, (u"$ ("u !:%u"(', ("u #$ " )"0$$ "r($ r$0%#u"$. A!$"(t" #$%$ #$ tur"1%$ ,

("r!%&' 2% #$ !o%1%%$ #$ r'!%r$ "$ *otoruu%, "3B 3"or% !ur%&($ %&tr$ = (% 7> )r#.

S$ "$)$6 T 7> Q

2.3.13 R!cirea i'ter*e#iar! a aeru)ui #e $u%raa)i*e'tare 9Tr!c.

L" *oto"r$$ (ur""%*$t"t$, +& 3$#$r$" *'r%r%% #$&(%t'1%% "$ruu% #$ "#*%(%$, ($ o"t$ %&tro#u!$

r'!%r$" %&t$r*$#%"r' " "$ruu% %& r"!%to"r$ ($!%"$. C'#$r$" #$ t$*$r"tur' Tr'! , +& !"0u u&u% )r"# #$

(ur""%*$&t"r$ *o#$r"t $(t$6Tr'! 7>........>> )r#.

D"r $" o"t$ % *"% *"r$ +& !"0u (ur""%*$t'r%% +&"t$ r%& ut%%0"r$" " #ou' r'!%to"r$ +&($r%"t$.

S$ "$)$ 9Tr!c


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. =

2.3.1. C&eficie'tu) 6a/e)&r ar$e re/i#ua)e γr

Co$%!%$&tu )"0$or "r($ r$0%#u"$ r$r$0%&t' r"ortu #%&tr$ !"&t%t"t$" )"0$or #$ "r#$r$ ro3$&%t$ #%& !%!u "&t$r%or #u' *o*$&tu +&!:%#$r%% (u"$or #$ $3"!u"r$ &u*%t$ )"0$ "r($

r$0%#u"$ 2% !"&t%t"t$" #$ "$r %&tro#u(' +& !%%ru6

γr ; ν6ar,8=

L" "r#$r$" %0o-"r', $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ tur"1%$ *$#%$ =% "r$ 3"or%$ !ur%&($ +&tr$ >,?= 2% >,@=.

I"r +& !"0u *oto"r$or o"rt$ r"%#$ " !"ru% !%!u #$ u&!1%o&"r$ ($ "ro%$ #$ !$ t$or$t%! !u "r#$r$

%0o!or' 2% !u o r$u&)%r$ +&($*&"t' " "r#$r%% +& #$(t%$r$, 3"o"r$" =% ($ o"t$ *%!2or" B&' "

>,==...>,?. I"r " *oto"r$$ $&t$ "!$(t !o$%!%$&t o"t$ #$'2%% >,8

S$ "$)$6 ξ% >,?

2.3.1. C&eficie'tu) #e r&tu'>ire a #ia6ra*ei i'#icate ϕr

D%")r"*" %%!"t' r$"' " !%!uu% #$ u&!1%o&"r$ ($ #$o($-$(t$ #$ !$" t$or$t%!' r%& 6


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ?

Ar%" !or$(u&0'to"r$ ro!$(uu% #$ (!:%*- #$ )"0$

Ar%%$ “%$r#ut$ “ r%& r"!or#'r%$ !"r$ ($ "! " #%")r"*" %%!"t' r$"' A-"t$r%$ ro!$($or r$"$ #$ !o*r%*"r$ 2% #$(t%$r$ "1' #$ ro!$($$ o%tro%!$ !u

$o&$&1% !o&(t"&1%.

R"ortu #%&tr$ "r%" #%")r"*$% %%!"t$ r$"$ Lir 2% !$" " #%")r"*$% %%!"t$ t$or$t%!$ Lit ($

&u*$2t$ !o$%!%$&t #$ rotu&5%r$ " #%")r"*$% %%!"t$.

ϕr ; Lir,98

2.3.14. Ra'#a*e'tu) *eca'ic η*

A!$(t "r"*$tru ($r3$2t$ #r$t !r%t$r%u #$ "r$!%$r$ " )r"#uu% #$ $r$!1%u&$ " ro!$($or

*$!"&%!$ #%& *otor. S$ #$%&$2t$ !" %% r"ortu #%&tr$ u!ru *$!"&%! $$!t%3 L $ 2% u!ru *$!"&%!

%%!"t L%, *'(ur"t$ " "!$"2% r$)%* #$ u&!1%o&"r$ " *otoruu%6

i

em

L

L=η

Le Lu!ru *$!"&%! $$!t%3

Li Lu!ru *$!"&%! %%!"t.

D%& #"t$$ $$r%*$&t"$, $&tru MAC (ur""%*$&t"t6 η* >,8 >,9.

S$ "$)$6 η* >,8=.

2.3.15. Ra%&rtu) #e c&*%ri*are ε

R"ortu #$ !o*r%*"r$ r$r$0%&t' r"ortu #%&tr$ 3ou*u *"%* " !"*$r$% #$ "r#$r$ ?a

!or$(u&0'tor %.*.e. " %(to&uu% 2% 3ou*u *%&%* " !"*$r$% #$ "r#$r$ ?c !or$(u&0'tor o0%1%$%

#$ %.*.i. " %(to&uu%.

ε = c

a

V

V

?a 3ou*u *"%* " !"*$r$% #$ "r#$r$


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PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. @

?c 3ou*u *%&%* " !"*$r$% #$ "r#$r$.

D%& #"t$ $$r%*$&t"$, $&tru MAC (ur""%*$&t"t6ε

=

7 8.S$ "$)$6 ε ?.

2.3.2. Ra%&rtu) #i'tre ra/a *a'ie)ei @i )u'6i*ea (ie)ei λ#

C%&$*"t%!" *$!"&%(*uu% *otor $(t$ #$t$r*%&"t' 2% #$ r"ortu #%&tr$ r"0" -%$$% R 2% u&)%*$"

-%$$% L. A!$(t" $(t$ u& r"ort "#%*$&(%o&" (% "r$ 3"or% !ur%&($ %&tr$ =,= 2% ;.

D%& %t$r"tur" #$ ($!%"%t"t$, $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ tr"!1%u&$ ($ "$) -%$$ u&)% !u λ# ;,8 ,9..,7

*oto"r$ !u !ur(' *$#%$ 4 ψ# ,7.....,=

*oto"r$ !u !ur(' u&)' 4 ψ# ,=.......,8

*oto"r$ !u !ur(' (u$ru&)' 4 ψ# ,8....;,8

V"or%$ r%#%!"t$ "$ "!$(tu% r"ort (u&t !"r"!t$r%(t%!$ *oto"r$or $&t$, %"r !$$ *"% (!"0ut$

*oto"r$or r"%#$.

S$ "$)$ 6 ψ# ,@

2.3.22. U'6iu) #e aa'$ )a i'>ec,ie β

U&):%u #$ "3"&( " %&5$!1%$ r$r$0%&t' u&):%u #$ rot"1%$ " "r-or$u% !ot%t +& *o*$&tu

+&!$$r%% %&5$!1%$% #$ !o*-u(t%-% #$t$r*%&"t +& r"ort !u u&!tu *ort (u$r%or. V"o"r$" "!$(tu%" ($

"#ot' +& u&!1%$ #$ 6 tur"1%" *otoruu%, "r:%t$!tur" !"*$r$% #$ "r#$r$, !"r"!t$r%(t%!%$ !:%*%!$ "$

!o*-u(t%-%uu% 2% $r$!1%u&$" (%(t$*uu% #$ %&5$!1%$.D%& %t$r"tur" #$ ($!%"%t"t$, $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ ut$r$ *$#%$6 β 7> ;=> RAC.


11/32




S$ "$)$ 6 β 7= > RAC

2.3.23. U'6iu) #e c&rec,ie a #uratei ar#erii ξθ

U&):%u #$ !or$!1%$ " #ur"t$% "r#$r%% r$r$0%&t' u&):%u #$ !or$!1%$ " u&):%uu% !or$(u&0'tor

#ur"t$% tot"$ " "r#$r%% 2% ($ %&tro#u!$ $&tru !' u&):%u !or$(u&0'tor +&tBr0%$r%% " "uto"r%$r$ "

!o*-u(t%-%uu% ("u u&):%u #$ "3"&( " %&5$!1%$ ot 3"r%" +& u&!1%$ #$ *"% *u1% "r"*$tr%% ("r!%&',

tur"1%$, t$*$r"tur'

D%& %t$r"tur" #$ ($!%"%t"t$, $&tru *oto"r$$ #$ ut$r$ *$#%$6 ξθ 4; ;>

RAC.S$ "$)$ 6 ξ

θ

7> RAC

2.3.2-. E:%&'e'tu) %&)itr&%ic a) c&*%ri*!rii 8' a6re6atu) #e $u%raa)i*e'tare '$.

Co*r%*"r$" +&!'r!'tur%% ro"($t$ +& ")r$)"tu #$ (ur""%*$&t"r$ r$r$0%&t' u& ro!$(

o%tro%! " !"ru% $o&$&t '$ #$%$ #$ t%u !o&(tru!t%3 " (u"&t$% ")r$)"tuu%.

P$&tru (u"&t$ !u %(to& 6 &( ,


12/32




>>>

;7

== t t Q

L ⇒ Lt >.,97 =×=ν

#%o%# #$ (u 6 7SOν ;7>> s

> Q*o%

C"&t%t"t$" tot"'6 Kmoli N OO H CO ga 98>=,>7777 =+++= ν ν ν ν ν

2.-.. Ca'titatea #e 6a/e ar$e re/i#ua)eB

-%o%# #$ !"r-o&6 KmoliCOr rCO >>>@,>77 =×= ν γ ν

3"or% #$ "'6 KmoliO H r OrH >>>?9,>77 =×= ν γ ν

o%)$&6 KmoliOr rO >>>977 =×= ν γ ν

"0ot6 Kmoli N r rN >>@


13/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 7>

2.-.0. Ma$a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) a#*i$ieiB

kg M M M M M Lm N rN OrOO H OrH COrCOaer a

am =7,[email protected]

77777777=×+×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν

2.-.. C&'$ta'ta caracteri$tica a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) a#*i$ieiB

grd Kg J m

L

a

am

gar a

am I9,788DC=

+=

ν

R 8;


14/32




( ) Kmol KJ ii! !

! ! ii ! N

!

N r !

N

!

N r I;.77


15/32




( ) K ! !

( (

( ( ! !

!

am

!

am

!

am

a

am

a ?,;=<

7

NN

7

=−

−

−

+=

! $ro"r$"6

K>@=,>N

NNN

=−

=∆a

aa

a!

! ! !

2.-.12. Pre$iu'ea #e a#*i$ie a f)ui#u)ui %r&a$%!tB

)a * * saa [email protected]>=×= ξ >,[email protected]< MP"

2.-.13. ?&)u*u) f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) a#*i$ieiB

;@9,? m *

! m+

a

a

a

am

a

ama =

××=

2.-.1-. C&eficie'tu) #e u*%)ere "ra'#a*e'tu) &)u*etric+B

P$&tru *oto"r$ (ur""%*$&t"t$6

( ) ( ) >;8,

>

>=

××+−

××=

ar

a,

! *

! *

γ ε

ε λ

2.. CALCULUL PROCESULUI DE COMPRIMARE

Pro!$(u #$ !o*r%*"r$ "r$ rou #$ " )$&$r" *%2!'r% or)"&%0"t$ "$ u%#uu% *otor +& !"*$r"

#$ "r#$r$, #u!B " "*$(t$!u "!$(tu%" 2% "r%$r$" u%#uu% *otor +& *o*$&tu r$"%0'r%% u&$%

!o*r$(%% ot%*$.

2.5.1. Coeficienţii căldurii specifice medii molare a fluidului motor:

grd Kmol KJ aaer [email protected],9=

grd Kmol KJ aCO I?7,[email protected] =

grd Kmol KJ a O H I>,7;7 =


16/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 7;

grd Kmol KJ aO I7=,97 =

grd Kmol KJ a N [email protected],97 =

( ) grd Kmol KJ aaaaaa N rN OrOO H OrH COrCOrga

r

aer am [email protected],977777777 =×+×+×+×+= ν ν ν ν ν γ

7I>>7=,> grd Kmol -aer =

7I>@7,>

7 grd Kmol KJ -CO =

7

I>>=>


17/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 7<

K ! ! c.ac [email protected]?=

=×=

−ε

2... ?&)u*u) f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) c&*%ri*!riiB

;>


18/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 7=

( );

7

9?7,7

(%&=,>!o(

m+ + +

d

aci.j =

××+−

−

×+=

β λ β ε

2.0.1.2. Pre$iu'ea f)ui#u)ui *&t&r 8' *&*e'tu) #ec)a'@!rii i'>ec,ieiB

)a+

+ * *

c.

i.j

aai.j >?,;;9=

= ;,@; )!*7

2.0.1.3. Te*%eratura f)ui#u)ui *&t&r 8' *&*e'tu) #ec)a'@!rii i'>ec,ieiB

K +

+ ! !

c.

i.j

a

ai.j >[email protected]@>

=

=

−

2.0.1.-. 7'tr/ierea )a aut&a%ri'#ere a c&*(u$ti(i)u)uiB

s *

e

i.j

!

aa

i.j

>>>@.>

>

>


19/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. 7?

Kg g g + tot + 7=×= θ θ

2.0.1.4. Ca'titatea #e 6a/e re/u)tate #i' ar#erea i/&c&r! a c&*(u$ti(i)u)uiB

-%o%# #$ !"r-o&6 Kmoli g c +

CO >?9,>7>>7

=×

=ν

3"or% #$ "'6( )

Kmoli g wh +

O H >?

8>>

97

=×+

=ν

o%)$&6 Kmoli L g +

O @DC7.>

7=

−=

α

α ν

"0ot6 Kmoli L N @


20/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. [email protected]

grd Kg J m

5

am

ga 5am NI7,7;?

W

=

×

= ν

2.0.1.12. E'er6ia i'ter'! a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) c&*%ri*!riiB

cccc !

N N

!

OO

!

O H O H

!

COCO

c

am uuuu6 77777777WWWW×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν

4$&$r)%" %&t$r&' ($!%%!' " -%o%#uu% #$ !"r-o& ""t " t$*$r"tur" ! c6

T! 9?=,= Q

K 950 T 1 = ⇒ Kmol KJ u c

!

CO I


21/32




KJ uuuu6 cccc !

N N

!

OO

!

O H O H

!

COCO

c

am 9?,7>[email protected]

=×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν

2.0.1.13. E'er6ia i'ter'! a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&c&reB

KJ Q g 6 6 i+ + c

am

5

am =,79=


22/32




7,==c

5

* *

*λ

2.0.2. Ca)cu)u) %r&ce$u)ui #e ar#ere i/&(ar!

/& !"#ru "r#$r%% %0o-"r$ $(t$ "r(' !"&t%t"t$" 6% #$ !o*-u(t%-%. Pr%& ur*"r$, " (Br2%tu

ro!$(uu%, +&tr$")" !"&t%t"t$ #$ !o*-u(t%-% $(t$ "r(', "(t$ +&!Bt +& !o*o0%1%" u%#uu% *otor %&tr'

!"&t%t'1%$ #$ )"0$ r$0ut"t$ +& ur*" "r#$r%% 2% !$$ #$ )"0$ "r($ r$0%#u"$. Ar#$r$" %0o-"r' ro#u!$

!r$2t$r$" $&t"%$% u%#uu% *otor.

2.0.2.1. Ca'titatea #e c&*(u$ti(i) ar$! )a %re$iu'e c&'$ta't!B

Kg g g g + tot *

@?=−=

2.0.2.2. Ca'titatea #e 6a/e ar$e e:i$te'te )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&(areB

-%o%# #$ !"r-o&6 KmolirCOCOCO >@7;,>777WW =+= ν ν ν

3"or% #$ "'6 KmoliOrH O H O H >[email protected],>777WW =+= ν ν ν

o%)$&6 KmolirOOO >9777WW

=+= ν ν ν

"0ot6 KmolirN N N @=;;,>777WW

=+= ν ν ν

C"&t%t"t$" tot"'6 Kmoli N OO H CO ga 99>;,>WWWWWWWWWW

7777=+++= ν ν ν ν ν

2.0.2.3. Ma$a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&(areB

kg M M M M m N N OOO H O H COCO

8

am [email protected],78

77777777

WWWWWWWW=×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν

2.0.2.-. C&'$ta'ta caracteri$tic! a f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&(areB


23/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;>

grd Kg J m

8

am

ga 8

am NI=,788

WW

=×

= ν

2.0.2.. E'ta)%ia f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&(areB

TX ;>;,[email protected] Q

5 5 5 5 !

N N

!

OO

!

O H O H

!

COCO

5

am iiii ( 77777777WWWWWWWW×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν

4$&t"%" ($!%%!' " -%o%#uu% #$ !"r-o& ""t " t$*$r"tur" TX6

K ! ;>> = ⇒ Kmol KJ i! CO I=9=77

7=

K ! ;=>7 = ⇒ Kmol KJ i!

CO I,?7;?97

7=

( ) Kmol KJ ii! !

! ! ii ! CO

! CO

5! CO

!

CO 5 I;,[email protected];7

7

7

7

77

7

=−−−

+=

4$&t"%" ($!%%!' " 3"or%or #$ "' ""t' " t$*$r"tur" TX6

K ! ;>> = ⇒ Kmol KJ i!

O H I7,7 = ⇒ Kmol KJ i! O H I=,=7;>7

7=

( ) Kmol KJ ii! !

! ! ii

!

O H

!

O H

5!

O H

!

O H 5

I;,


24/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;

2.0.2.0. E'ta)%ia f)ui#u)ui *&t&r )a [email protected]) ar#erii i/&(areB

KJ Q g ( ( i * * 5am

8 am 7;,?


25/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;7

2.0.2.11. Ra%&rtu) #e #e$ti'#ere %rea)a(i)!B

@=,== 5

8

+

+ ρ

2.. CALCULUL PROCESULUI DE DESTINDERE

Pro!$(u #$ #$(t%$r$ $(t$ +&(o1%t #$ o ($r%$ #$ $&o*$&$ !"6 ro!$(u "r#$r%% !o*-u(t%-%uu%

+& t%*u #$(t%$r%%, #%(o!%"1%" ro#u($or #$ "r#$r$, tr"&(*%t$r$" &$+&tr$rut' " !'#ur%% #$ " )"0$ "

$r$1% +& !o%1%% #$ 3"r%"1%$ " t$*$r"tur%%, r$(%u&% 2% (ur"$1$ #$ r'!%r$, (!ur)$r$" "r1%"' " )"0$or

r%&tr$ 5o!ur%$ #%&tr$ %(to"&$ 2% !%%r%%. A!$(t$ $&o*$&$ %*r%*' ro!$(uu% #$ #$(t%$r$ u&

!"r"!t$r !o*$.

2..1. C&eficie',ii c!)#urii $%ecifice *e#ii *&)are a f)ui#u)ui *&t&rB

( )WWWWWWWWWWWWWW

W

77777777

N N OOO H O H COCO

ga

am aaaaa ×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν ν

grd Kmol KJ aCO I=,;8W

7=

grd Kmol KJ a O H I8=,7;W

7=

grd Kmol KJ aO I>7,7;W

7=

grd Kmol KJ a N I;>;;=,>

7 grd Kmol KJ -CO =

7W I>>=>7,>

7 grd Kmol KJ - O H =

7W

I>>[email protected],>7 grd Kmol KJ -O =


26/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;;

7W I>>[email protected],>

7 grd Kmol KJ - N =

( ) 7WWWWWWWWWWWW

WW

W I>>7>;,>77777777

grd Kmol KJ ----- N N OOO H O H COCO ga

am =×+×+×+×= ν ν ν ν ν

2..2. Ecua,ia #e #eter*i'are a e:%&'e'tu)ui %&)itr&%ic a) c&*%ri*!riiB

( )

+

×+=−

−−

1ε

ρT ba1nR

1n

z

'

am

'

am

1

D

D

Not'*6( )

;


27/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;<

;,9== 8

-

+

+ δ

2... Ra%&rtu) #e $c!#ere a %re$iu'iiB

8,7==a

-

*

*σ

2.7.8. Temperatura gazelor arse reziduale:

K *

*! !

/

/

.

.

8

a 8 r ;;,@=8

W =

×=

−

2.4. CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR INDICAŢI EFECTI?I I CONSTRUCTI?I

2.4.1. Lucru) *eca'ic i'#icat rea)i/at 8'tru' ci)i'#ruB

( ) J .

+ *+ *

.

+ *+ *+ + * L

c

ccaa

/

-- 8 8

5 8 8 i @


28/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;=

k:h Kg Qc iii I7,>

;?>>

=×= η

2.4.. Pre$iu'ea *e#ie efecti!B

)a * *ime; 9?,9?>9==×=η

2.4.0. Ra'#a*e'tu) efectiB

K8,;==×= ime η η η

2.4.. C&'$u*u) $%ecific efecti #e c&*(u$ti(i)B

k:h Kg c

cm

ie I7;8,>==

η

2.4.4. Lucru) *eca'ic i'#icat 'ece$ar a fi #e/&)tat 8'tru' ci)i'#ruB

J i.

) L

m

ecic 87,988

;>>>>=

××××

=η

τ

2.4.5. C&eficie'tu) #e $i*i)itu#i'eB

( ) ( ) >>>,>

W =

−−+×

=

cae,ar i

ic

+ + * * L

Lk

ϕ

2.4.1. ?&)u*e)e rea)e a)e f)ui#u)ui *&t&r 8' %u'cte)e caracteri$tice a)e cic)u)ui #e

fu'c,i&'areB

;W

;WW

;WW

@,>7>?,>

88,

dm+ k + dm+ k + +

dm+ k + +

8 8

c 5c

a-a

=×==×==

=×==


29/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;?

2.4.11. Pre$iu'ea f)ui#u)ui *&t&r %e %arcur$u) %r&ce$e)&r #e c&*%ri*are @i #e$ti'#ereB

[ ]

[ ]WWW

WWW

SS6D

SS6D

a 8 j

.

j

8 8 j/

ca j

.

j

aa jc

+ + + +

+ * *desti.dere *e.tru-

+ + + +

+ * *com*rimare *e.trua

/

c

=

×=

=

×=

?> %>c %>#>,@< @,79?>,7 @,>@9

>,; ?,;,< =,@;9>,7>= ;,;98 8,=>

>,; 7,>;; =,>>8>,< ,;@< ;,,= ,>< 7,=9>>,? >,@9 7,>,@ >,?,8 >,=;= ,,9 >,,;9= ,>=8, >,;,9;?,7 >,;>8 >,8;?,; >,[email protected]? >,@=<,< >,7=> >,?8=,= >,[email protected] >,[email protected],? >,7>8 >,[email protected]@,@ >,97 >,=;;,8 >,@@ >,,[email protected]< >,


30/32



PROIECT DE DIPLOMĂ PAG. ;@

mm+ +

/

d

ca >DC<

> ;WW

; =×−

×=ψ π

2.4.1-. Cur$a %i$t&'u)uiB

mm /S d 8?=×=ψ

2.4.1. Ra/a *a'ie)eiB

mmS

9;7

==

2.4.10. Lu'6i*ea (ie)eiB

mm

Ld

- ;@;==λ

2.4.1. Ci)i'#reea u'itar!B

;7

? @?,<

> dmS /

+ s =×××= − π

2.4.14. Ci)i'#reea t&ta)!B

;=?,> dm+ i+ st =×=

2.4.15. ?ite/a *e#ie a %i$t&'u)uiB

sm.S ,m* I> ; =××= −


31/32




2.4.2. ?ite/a u'6iu)ar! #e r&ta,ie a ar(&re)ui c&titB

srad .

I

=×= π ω

2.4.21. Puterea efecti! a *&t&ru)uiB

k:

.iS / *

)

e

e >=,?9

>7 ;

7

=

××

×××××

=

τ

π

2.4.22. Puterea i'#icat!B

k: )

) m

ei 88,98==

η

2.4.23. Puterea %e ci)i'#ruB

cil k: i

) ) ecil [email protected],78==

2.4.2-. Puterea $%ecific! #e arie a %i$t&'u)uiB

7

7

?

I;,798;><

mk: /i

) ) e sa =

××

××=

π

2.4.2. Puterea $%ecific! &)u*ic! a %i$t&'u)uiB

;

7

9

[email protected],?>>;><

mk: S /i

) ) e s, =

×××

××

=

π

2.4.20. Gra#u) #e $&)icitare a) *&t&ru)uiB


32/32




sm N *, em*

sol I

CAP II Calculul Termic

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