1.Proiect Dizertatie - Foraj Marin

8/13/2019 1.Proiect Dizertatie - Foraj Marin

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MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI, CERCETĂRII ȘI INOVĂRIIUNIVERSITATEA PETROL – GAZE PLOIEŞTIFACULTATEA INGINERIA PETROLULUI ŞI GAZELOR

SPECIALIZAREA FORAJUL SONDELOR – MASTERAT

PROIECT DE DIZERTAȚIE

TEMA ELEMENTE SPECIFICE DE PROIECTARE A FORAJULUIUNEI SONDE MARINE

Coo"don&!o"P"o#$ D"$ In%$ L$ AVRAM

M&'!("&nd)" *+('cu D&"*u'

Ploieşti 2010



MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI, CERCETĂRII ȘI INOVĂRIIUNIVERSITATEA PETROL – GAZE PLOIEŞTIFACULTATEA INGINERIA PETROLULUI ŞI GAZELOR

SPECIALIZAREA FORAJUL SONDELOR – MASTERATA-"o.&!,

Ş(# c&!(d" ,P"o#$ D"$ In%$ L$ AVRAM

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TEMA

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Conduc !o" M&'!("&ndP"o#$ D"$ In%$ L$ )" *+('cu D&"*u'

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Ploieşti 2010



Ploieşti 2010



Cuprins



1.Introducere în forajul offshore

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9, ; .&"*+

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(!&-& d( d*=("'*#*c&"( 3* d(5=o+!&"( & -+&!#o"2(+o" d( #o"&8 c&"( & d(.u!&! du-!("2*n&"(& c(+u* d( &+ do*+(& " 5.o* 2ond*&+ 3* c&"( con!*nu 3* &'! 5*, & #o'! 2&"c&!d( con!*nu&"(& 3* d(5=o+!&"(& -+&!#o"2(+o" #*0(, "('-(c!*= d( &-&"* *&, d*=("'*#*c&"(& 3*d(5=o+!&"(& -+&!#o"2(+o" 2o.*+( d( #o"&8$

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Figura. 1.1. Repartiţia pe glob a rezervelor offshore sigure de petrol

n 2od cu"*o', 2o2(n!u+ con'!"u*"** -"*2(+o" -+&!#o"2( d( #o"&8 nu ('!( +(%&!d( 4nc(-u!u+ #o"&8u+u* 2&"*n -"o-"*u 5*' -(n!"u @*d"oc&".u"*, c* d( -+&'&"(& un(**n'!&+& ** d( #o"&8 -("cu!&n! 4n 'co-u+ uno" +uc" "* d( con'o+*d&"( -( un d*% d*n C&n&+u+S# n!& )&".&"&, C&+*#o"n*&, SUA$

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nu2 "u+ +o" d(- 3(& cu 2u+! nu2 "u+ c(+o"+&+!( !*-u"* d( -+&!#o"2( 2o.*+($ Cu !o&!(c c(+( 2&* 2u+!( d*n!"( &c('!( -+&!#o"2( 'un! d('!*n&!( +uc"u+u* 4n &-( cu &d nc*2*



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n"(%*'!"&"(& con!*nu & d&!(+o" d( #o"&8 -un( +& d*'-o5* *& o-("&!o"u+u* o '("*(d( *n#o"2& ** -"*=*nd o. *n("(& uno" % u"* d( 'ond d( c&+*!&!($ T"&n'2*!("(& &c('!o"d&!( -"*n '&!(+* * +& un '*2u+&!o" -("2*!( c&, od&! cu '*2u+&"(& cond* **+o" 4n c&"(+uc"(&5 '&-&, ' '( % '(&'c , -( +oc, 'o+u ** -(n!"u con!*nu&"(& #o"&8u+u* 4n cond* **o-!*2(, +& un co'! 'u.'!&n *&+ "(du'$ O -"o.+(2 d(+*c&! o con'!*!u*( 4n' !"&n'#("u+!(@no+o%*(*, c&"( c("( un -("'on&+ #o&"!( .*n( *n'!"u*!, &-! ' +uc"(5( cu &-&"&!u"&'o#*'!*c&! &du' d( -"o%"('u+ !(@n*c$ D('*%u", u"*&3u+ -"o%"(' 4n"(%*'!"&! d( #o"&8u+2&"*n nu &" #* #o'! -o'*.*+ # " &-o"!u+ uno" d*'c*-+*n( d( = "# -"(cu2 @*d"od*n&2*c&,@*d"o&cu'!*c&, (+(c!"on*c&, &u!o2&!*c& (!c$



2.Platforme de foraj-extracţie

A3& cu2 ' & 2&* '-(c*#*c&!, -&"!*cu+&"*! *+( #o"&8u+u* 2&"*n &u 4n =(d("(, nu!(@no+o%*& d( #o"&8 c& &!&"(, c*, 4n '-(c*&+, 2odu+ cu2 ('!( "(5o+=&! -"o.+(2&-+&' "** *n'!&+& *(* d( #o"&8 -"o-"*u 5*'( -( o -un!( d( +uc"u c&"( ' nu #*( &#(c!&! d(=&+u"*$ E=*d(n!, !o&!( con'!"uc **+( "(&+*5&!( - n 4n -"(5(n! 'un! "(5u+!&!u+ c u! "**

4nd(+un%&!( & uno" 'o+u ** !(@n*co (cono2*c( o-!*2($

In'!&+& **+( -(n!"u #o"&8u+ 2&"*n 'un! con'!*!u*!( d*n dou (+(2(n!( d*'!*nc!(-+&!#o"2& 3* *n'!&+& *& d( #o"&8$

P+&!#o"2& d( #o"&8 2&"*n "(-"(5*n! o con'!"uc *( @*d"o!(@n*c d('!*n&!'u' *n("** (c@*-&2(n!(+o" n(c('&"( "(&+*5 "** #o"&8u+u* 4n c 2-u"*+( -(!"o+*#("('u.2&"*n( 3* c&"(, 4n !*2-u+ +uc"u+u*, ('!( #*0&! d( #undu+ 2 "**, '( '-"*8*n -( &c('!&'&u -+u!(3!($ E& ('!( co2-u' , +& " ndu *, d*n dou - " * -"*nc*-&+(

• '!"uc!u"& d( .&5 -"*n c&"( -+&!#o"2&, 4n #unc *( d( !*-u+ (*, ('!( +(%&! d(

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Fig. 2.!. Transportul fără "lepuri şi verticalizarea platformelor fi e

P(n!"u &c(&'! o-("& *( 'un! n(c('&"(, +& 'u-"&#& , -o2-( -u!("n*c( c&"( '&'*%u"( '- +&"(& '*2u+!&n & !u!u"o" -*+on*+o"$ 4n c&5 con!"&", '( =& #&c( '- +&"(&>8(!*'on&"(&? d*n &-"o&-( 4n &-"o&-(, &'!#(+ 4nc ! ' '( "(&+*5(5( o co.o" "( un*#o"2& '!"uc!u"** o"*cu2, -(n!"u (=*!&"(& " '!u"n "** ('!( d( do"*! c&, 4n !o! !*2-u+ #*0 "**,'!"uc!u"& 2(!&+*c ' #*( &nco"&! d( o 2&c&"& -+u!*!o&"($ Du- c( -*+on** &u &8un' -("oc& 2&'*= , 4nc(-( o-("& *& -"o-"*u 5*' d( #*0&"($

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2.1 . Pla tforme fixe din zăbre le tubulare

n 2od cu"(n!, -+&!#o"2(+( #*0( d*n 5 ."(+( !u.u+&"( 'un! con'!*!u*!( d*n !"(*- " * d*'!*nc!( -*+on** -(n!"u &nco"&"( >#*%$ ;$:?, 2on!& * cu un%@*u"* d( 4nc+*n&"( 19W -&"!(& d( d(&'u-"& n*=(+u+u* 2 +u+u* c&"( '( con!*nu c !"( 'u-"&#& cu &c(+&3*un%@* c&d"u+ 2(!&+*c ;, =("!*c&+ d( +& 'u-"&#& & &-(* - n +& co"-u+ -+&!#o"2(* :$

S!"uc!u"& d( .&5 '( -"(5*n! c& o '!"uc!u" '-& *&+ d( %"*n5* cu 5 ."(+( d(#o"2 !"onco-*"&2*d&+ , #o"2&! d*n unu+, dou '&u !"(* !"on'o&n(, #*0&! -"*n -*+on**d( &nco"&"( d( #undu+ 2 "**$ E+(2(n!(+( -"*nc*-&+( d( "(5*'!(n &+( &c('!(*

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F*%$ ;$K$#latformă fi ă din zăbrele tubulare $schemă%

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2.2 . Platforme fixe turnS!"uc!u"& d( .&5 & &c('!o" -+&!#o"2( ('!( &'(2 n !o&"( cu c(& &

-+&!#o"2(+o" #*0( cu 5 ."(+( !u.u+&"( >4n c&5u+ d( #& -*+on** 'un! =("!*c&+*?$ Ac('!(&-o! #* cu -&!"u -*c*o&"(, cu !"(* 3* 2ono-od($ n 2od o.*3nu*!, '( #o+o'('c -(n!"u &-(-u *n &d nc* >:9 2? 3* 4n 5on(+( &"c!*c($

P+&!#o"2(+( !u"n 2ono-od >#*%$ ;$ $? &u un -*c*o" -"*nc*-&+ 1 con'!*!u*! d*n.u"+&n( cu d*&2(!"u+ d( : $$$ K 2 'u'-(nd&"(& -( #undu+ 2 "** '( #&c( -( do* 'u-o" *o"*5on!&+* !u.u+&"* ;, c&"( 'un! 'o+*d&"*5& * d( -*c*o"u+ -"*nc*-&+ -"*n *n!("2(d*u+ uno(=* : o.+*c( 3* & 3&'( (=* o"*5on!&+( K$ P(n!"u #*0&"(, c&-(!(+( (=*+o" ; 'un!

-"(= 5u!( cu %@*d&8( 4n c&"(, d( +& 'u-"&#& , '( *n!"oduc -*+on* c&"( '( .&! 4n "oc& d(#und& *($

Figura 2.&. #latformă fi ă turn' monopodă

O &+! =&"*&n! con'!"uc!*= o "(-"(5*n! -+&!#o"2(+( #*0( d( !*- !u"nu"* &nco"&!(>#*%$ ;$ ?$ Ş* 4n &c('! c&5, '!"uc!u"& d( .&5 & un(* &'(2(n(& -+&!#o"2( ('!(&'(2 n !o&"( cu c(& & -+&!#o"2(* #*0( cu 5 ."(+( !u.u+&"($ To!u3*, -(n!"u &c((&3*



&d nc*2( & &-(* 4n 5on& d( *n'!&+&"(, &c(&'!& d*n u"2 ('!( 2&* u3o&" , 2&* 'u-+3* 2&* (+&'!*c $ Ac('! #&-! '( d&!o"(&5 2odu+u* 4n c&"( +uc"(&5 '!"uc!u"& d( .&5 $A'!#(+, .&5& '!"uc!u"** 1 #**nd #*0&! d( #undu+ 2 "** cu &8u!o"u+ !u.u"*+o" -*+o! d( +&co+ u"* ; '&u d*n 5on& c(n!"&+ :, *&" -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" #**nd &nco"&! d( &c('!&,!u"nu+ '( -o&!( d(-+&'& 4n&*n!( 3* 4n&-o* cu =&+u+ > *n ndu '( '(&2& c #o" & =&+u"*+o"('!( c*c+*c ? un%@*u+ d( 4nc+*n&"( !"(.u*( ' =&"*(5( 4n *n!("=&+u+ ;W $$$ :W$ n &c('!(cond* **, !u.u"*+( -*+o! d( #*0&"( 'un! 2&* -u *n 'o+*c*!&!(, 4n !*2- c( c&.+u"*+( d(&nco"&"( K, -+&'&!( +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" & '!"uc!u"**, 'u. co"-u+ -+&!#o"2(* , !"(.u*(' -"(*& c(& 2&* 2&"( -&"!( & '&"c*n*+o" d&!o"&!( = n!u"*+o", =&+u"*+o" 3* cu"(n *+o"2&"*n*$

F*%$ ;$ $#latformă turn ancorată

2.3. Pla tforme fixe cu pic ioare tensionate

S!"uc!u"& d( .&5 & un(* -+&!#o"2( cu -*c*o&"( !(n'*on&!( >#*%u"& ;$ ? con *n(,

c& (+(2(n!( d( .&5 , co+o&n(+( =("!*c&+( 1, conc(-u!( c& #+o!o&"(, 'o+*d&"*5&!( 4n!"((+( +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&" -"*n #+o!o&"(+( o"*5on!&+( ;, *&" +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" -"*n co"-u+-+&!#o"2(* :$ L& +oc& *(, -+&!#o"2& ('!( 2(n *nu! d(&'u-"& % u"** d( 'ond -"*n-*c*o&"(+( >+*n**+( d( &nco"&"(? K, +(%&!( d( 2&'*=(+( d*n .(!on , '-"*8*n*!( d( #undu+2 "** '&u 4nc&'!"&!( 4n 'o+u+ 2&"*n$ M&'*=(+( d*n .(!on &u 4nco"-o"&!( (+(2(n!(+( d(cu-+&"( cu c&-(!(+( *n#("*o&"( &+( +*n**+o" d( &nco"&"($

P*c*o&"(+( K 'un! 2(n *nu!( 4n !(n'*un( cu &8u!o"u+ uno" '*'!(2( @*d"&u+*c( d(!(n'*on&"(, 4nco"-o"&!( 4n -*c*o&"(+( d( +& (0!"(2*! *+( '!"uc!u"** d( .&5 $ 4n #(+u+&c('!&, -( 4n!"(&%& du"&! d( +uc"u, -( !*2- d( #u"!un , 'un! -"(+u&!( o'c*+& **+(



-+&!#o"2(*, "('-(c!*= '( &'*%u" 2(n *n("(& &c('!(*& -( &2-+&'&2(n! 4n!"( +*2*!(+(&d2*'( >d(-+&'&"(& o"*5on!&+ &d2*' ('!( d( $$$ 19H d*n &d nc*2(& &-(*?$

P*c*o&"(+( un(* &'(2(n(& -+&!#o"2(, 4n nu2 " d( -&!"u '&u 3&'(, +uc"(&5 +&

4n!*nd("(, d(c* 4n cond* ** 2&* #&=o"&.*+( -(n!"u o (+u"*, 4n !*2- c( +& -+&!#o"2(+( #*0(d*n 5 ."(+( !u.u+&"( >'&u +& -+&!#o"2(+( !u"n? -*+on** +uc"(&5 4n co2-"('*un($ O +*n*(d( &nco"&"( -o&!( #* "(&+*5&! c& o -*(' un*c , d*n 2&!("*&+ !&.u+&" 42.*n&! -"*n'ud&"(, '&u c& o %&"n*!u" d( 2&!("*&+ !u.u+&" &'&2.+&! -"*n 4n#*+(!&"($

Figura 2.1(. #latformă cu picioare tensionate

Co"-u+ -+&!#o"2(*, n((!&n3 3* n(-+u!*!o", &"( 4n co2-on(n 2&* 2u+!( -un * 3*'u' *n( 4n!"(%u+ (c@*-&2(n! d( #o"&8 >cu !u"+ d*n&2*c ?, "('-(c!*= (c@*-&2(n!(+(&u0*+*&"($ A'(2(n(& -+&!#o"2(, d( -( c&"( '( -o! #o"& ;9 $$$ 'ond(, &u #o'!*n'!&+&!( 4n M&"(& No"du+u* 3* 4n Go+#u+ P("'*c$ Ş* 4nc c(=& 4nc(- ndu '( cu &nu+

1 , 4n co2-(!* *& -(n!"u 4n=*n%("(& &d nc*2*+o" 2&"* d( &- >-('!( 1999 2?,-+&!#o"2(+( cu -*c*o&"( !(n'*on&!( &u "(-"(5(n!&! con!*nuu o 'o+u *( con'!"uc!*= d(=**!o"$



3.Acţiunea mediului marin asupra structurilor

n ('(n , ('!( =o".& d( &c *un(& @u+(*, = n!u+u* 3* cu"(n *+o" 2&"*n*$

Hula ('!( un #(no2(n (0!"(2 d( co2-+(0, d( n&!u" -u" &+(&!o"*($ Mod(+(+(u!*+*5&!( +& o"& &c!u&+ '( "(#(" +& @u+& "(%u+&! , d(#*n*! -"*n d*"(c *& d( -"o-&%&"&2-+*!ud*n( 3* -("*o&d , 3* @u+& n("(%u+&! >2onod*"(c *on&+ '&u 2u+!*d*"(c *on&+ ?,d(#*n*! -"*n '-(c!"u+ ' u d( (n("%*($ Ac *un(& @u+(* &'u-"& '!"uc!u"*+o" ('!( ('(n *&+d*n&2*c $

Modu+ d( "(-"(5(n!&"( &+ @u+(* d(-*nd( d( !*-u+ '!"uc!u"** 3* d( #&5& d( '!ud*u&+ -"o*(c!u+u* @u+& "(%u+&! , 4n '!&d*u+ d( -"(d*2(n'*on&"( 3* @u+& n("(%u+&! , 4n'!&d*u+ d( d*2(n'*on&"( #*n&+ $

Vântul ('!(, d( &'(2(n(&, d( n&!u" &+(&!o"*( 4n !*2-, d&" &"( o co2-on(n!-("2&n(n! $ V*!(5& '& ('!( &#(c!&! d( (#(c!(+( Q#"(c "**Q +& *n!("#& & &(" &- 3*=&"*&5 d(c* cu &+!*!ud*n(&$

Curenţii '( con'*d(" , d( "(%u+ , con'!&n * 4n !*2-, d&" (* =&"*&5 >c& d*"(c *(3* =*!(5 ? cu &d nc*2(& &-(*$ S( &u 4n =(d("( cu"(n ** d( 2&"((, cu"(n ** d&!o"& *= n!u+u* 3* cu"(n ** -("2&n(n * '&u '(5on*("* d( o"*%*n* d*=("'( >Qup)elling Q, cu"(n *oc(&n*c* (!c$?$

Ac *un(& 2(d*u+u* 2&"*n &'u-"& un(* '!"uc!u"* ('!( &'oc*&! cu"%("** unu* #+u*d>&- '&u &("? -( + n% '!"uc!u" $ S( d*'!*n% (0c*!& **statice >*nd(-(nd(n!( d( !*2-? 3*

dinamice.

E0c*!& **+( '!&!*c( 'un! d&!( d( cu"(n * con'!&n *, = n!u+ 2(d*u 3*, 4n c !(=&c&5u"*, d( @u+ $ D( no!&! !o!u3* c &" #* %"(3*! ' '( !"&% conc+u5*& c = n!u+ '&ucu"(n ** con'!&n * 'un! # " (#(c! d*n&2*c o n&= &nco"&! +& -"o" -o&!( &=(& unco2-o"!&2(n! *n'!&.*+$*fish+tailing*%'u. &c *un(& unu* cu"(n! con'!&n!Y

O (0c*!& *( d*n&2*c ('!( &'oc*&! un(* 'c "* d( !*2-$ P"o.+(2(+( d(

rezonanţă 'un! -("*cu+o&'( d&c &c(&'! 'c&" d( !*2- ('!( =(c*n perioadei proprii

& '!"uc!u"**$ C !(=& (0(2-+( -(n!"u cu"(n!u+ d( 2&"((, 'c&"& d( !*2- &'oc*&! ('!(

d( 1; o"( -(n!"u @u+ , d( +& : +& 1; '(cund( -(n!"u "&#&+( d( = n!, d( +& : +& '(cund( (!c$



n #*n(, !"(.u*( ' '( d*'!*n% #(no2(n(+( deterministe d( c(+( aleatorii.

F(no2(n(+( &+(&!o"** -o! #* c&"&c!("*5&!( +& un !*2-t d&! d*n con!" , ('!( *2-o'*.*+ ''( -"(c*5(5( =&+o"*+( +o" *n'!&n!&n(( +( un !*2- u+!("*o"t , -t >=o" #* +u&!( &'!#(+ 4ncon'*d("&"( =&+o"* 2(d**?$

D&c #(no2(n(+( d( o"*%*n( 2(c&n*c >+(%*+( d( co2-o"!&"(? 'un!, c(+ 2&*&d('(&, d(!("2*n*'!(, #(no2(n(+( n&!u"&+( >@u+&, = n!u+? 'un!, -"*n ('(n &+(&!o"**$D(c*, '( -un dou -"o.+(2( ('(n *&+( ('!*2&"(& con *nu!u+u* #"(c=(n (* '(2n&+u+u*d( (0c*!& *( >-(n!"u & &n&+*5& "*'cu"*+( "(5on&n (*? 3* ('!*2&"(& =&+o"*+o" (0!"(2( &+((0c*!& *(*, -(n!"u o -("*o&d d&! $



4. ta!ilirea pro"ramului de construc#ie alsondei

N( -"o-un(2 ' '!&.*+*2 -"o%"&2u+ d( con'!"uc<*( -(n!"u o 'ond 2&"*n cuo &d nc*2( d( :999 2 d( -( o -+&!#o"2& #*0 4n!" o 2&"( cu &d nc*2(& d( ;99 2$

C& o"*c( &+! +uc"&"( u2&n , d( o o&"(c&"( &2-+o&"(, 3* 'ond(+( &u o &nu2*!&+c !u*"( con'!"uc!*= , o '!"uc!u" , d(nu2*! con'!"uc *& 'ond(*$ E& '( "(&+*5(&5 -(.&5& unu* -+&n, nu2*! -"o%"&2 d( con'!"uc *($ Ac('!& cu-"*nd(, 4n -"*2u+ " nd,-"o%"&2u+ d( !u.&"( 3* &nu2( &d nc*2(& d( *n!"oduc("( & co+o&n(+o" d( .u"+&n( cuc&"( '( con'o+*d(&5 -("( ** % u"** d( 'ond , d*&2(!"u+ 3* %"o'*2(& .u"+&n(+o",

c&+*!&!(& o (+u+u* 3* !*-u+ 42.*n "*+o" d*n!"( (+($ L& &c('!& '( &d&u% , un(o"*,-"o%"&2u+ d( '&-(, c& !*- 3* d*&2(!"u *nc+u'*= -( *n!("=&+u+ " 2&' (=(n!u&+ n(!u.&!, -"o%"&2u+ d( c*2(n!&"( >!*-u+ -&'!(* 3* *n!("=&+(+( c*2(n!&!(? 3* (c@*-&2(n!u+ d((0!"&c *( >!u.*n%, -&c ("(, #*+!"(? +& 'ond(+( d( (0-+o&!&"($ L& 'ond(+( d*"*8&!( '(-"(c*5(&5 3* -"o#*+u+ +o" '-& *&+$

Con'!"uc *& -"o*(c!&! d(!("2*n , d( "(%u+ , (c@*-&2(n!u+ 3* 'cu+(+( cu c&"('( =& (0(cu!& 'ond& *n'!&+& *& d( #o"&8, d*&2(!"u+ 3* &+c !u*"(& %&"n*!u"*+o" d( #o"&#o+o'*!( -( d*=("'( *n!("=&+(, !*-u+ 3* d*&2(!"u+ 2o!o&"(+o" d( #o"&8 'u.2("'*.*+( c nd'( u!*+*5(&5 , (c@*-&2(n!(+( d( *n=('!*%&"( %(o+o%*c 3* %(o#*5*c , d( -("#o"&"( 3*d( -"o.&"($ Sc@(2& d( con'!"uc *( d(!("2*n , *nd*"(c!, !*-u+ 3* -"o-"*(! *+( #+u*d(+o"#o+o'*!(, un(o"* 3* !(@no+o%*& d( #o"&8 &-+*c&! $

D&", &d('(o"*, 2&* &+(' +& 'ond(+( &d nc*, con'!"uc *& 'ond(* ('!( *n#+u(n &!d( (c@*-&2(n!(+( 3* !(@no+o%**+( d( #o"&8, *n=('!*%&"(, -"o.&"( '&u (0-+o&!&"(

d*'-on*.*+($

n u"2& &n&+*5 "** d&!(+o" o.<*nu!( d( +& 'ond(+( d( co"(+&"( &=(2u"2 !o&"(+(

• Ad nc*2(& '!"&!(+o" d( *n!("(' >&d nc*2*+( 'un! con'*d("&!( d( +& +*n*& d(

2 +?

o ;9;9 2 – ;119 2 – "(5("=o" '(cund&" d( %&5( >Pon *&n?

o ; 9 2 – ; 9 2 – "(5("=o" -"*nc*-&+ d( %&5( >O+*%oc(n?



• R(%*2u+ -"('*un*+o" d*n -o"*

o 92 – 99 2 –̄¿m

Γ p= 0,110 ¿

o 992 – ;199 2 –̄¿m

Γ p= 0,119 ¿

o 1K 92 – :999 2 –̄¿m

Γ p= 0,128 ¿

•

R(%*2u+ -"('*un*+o" d( #*'u"&"(

o 92 – 99 2 –̄¿m

Γ fis= 0,155 ¿

o 992 – 1 99 2 –̄¿m

Γ fis= 0,185 ¿

o 1 992 – :999 2 –̄¿m

Γ fis= 0,210 ¿

D(n'*!&!(& &-(* d( 2&"( 3* & &-(* d( 5 c 2 n! '( con'*d(" (%&+ cu

ρa= 1080 kg m3 *&" d(n'*!&!(& %&5(+o" ρ g = 260 kg

m3 $

n con!*nu&"( '( =o" c&+cu+& -"('*un*+( #+u*d(+o" d*n -o"* B* -"('*un*+( d( #*'u"&"(+& &nu2*!( &d nc*2*

• P"('*un(& +& n*=(+u+ +*n*(* d( 2 + d&! d( co+o&n& d( &-& d( 2&"(

H ap ă = 200 m

pa = ρa · g · H apă = 1080 · 9,81 · 200 ·10 − 5= 21,2 ̄ ;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 800 m

p p800 = pa + Γ p800 · H = 21,2 +0,110 · 800 ·10 − 5= 109,2 ̄ ;



p p800 = pa + Γ p2100 · H = 21,2 +0,119 · 800 ·10 − 5= 116,4 ̄ ;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 2100 m

p p2100 = pa + Γ p2100 · H = 21,2 + 0,119 · 2100 · 10 − 5= 271,1 ̄ ;

p p2100 = pa + Γ p3000 · H = 21,2 +0,128 · 2100 ·10 −5 = 290 ̄;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 3000 m

p p3000 = pa + Γ p3000 · H = 21,2 +0,128 ·3000 · 10− 5= 405,2 ̄ ;

•

P"('*un(& +& n*=(+u+ +*n*(* d( 2 + d&! d( %&5u+ -"o=(n*! d( +& H = 800 m

p s= p p800 + ρ g · g · H = 109,2 +260 ·9,81 · 800 · 10 −5= 88,8 ̄;

Figura .1. /ariaţia presiunii din pori şi a presiunii de fisurare• P"('*un(& +& n*=(+u+ +*n*(* d( 2 + d&! d( %&5u+ -"o=(n*! d( +& H = 2100 m

p s= p p2100 + ρ g · g · H = 271,1 +260 · 9,81 · 2100 · 10− 5= 217,5 ̄ ;

• P"('*un(& +& n*=(+u+ +*n*(* d( 2 + d&! d( %&5u+ -"o=(n*! d( +& H = 3000 m

p s= p p3000 + ρ g · g · H = 405,2 +260 · 9,81 · 3000 · 10− 5= 328,7 ̄;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 800 m

p f 800 = pa + Γ f 800 · H = 21,2 +0,155 · 800 ·10−5

= 145,2 ̄ ;

p p800 = pa + Γ f 1700 · H = 21,2 + 0,185 · 800 ·10 − 5 = 169,2 ̄ ;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 1700 m

p f 1700 = pa + Γ f 1700 · H = 21,2 +0,185 ·1700 · 10 − 5= 335,7 ̄;

p p1700 = pa + Γ f 3000 · H = 21,2 +0,210 ·1700 ·10 − 5= 378,2 ̄;

• P"('*un(& d*n -o"* +& H = 3000 m



p f 3000 = pa + Γ f 3000 · H = 21,2 +0,210 · 3000 ·10 − 5 = 651,2 ̄ ;

4.1 . Prec izări pr ivind obiectivu l coloanelor

1.Coloana conductor cu d*&2(!"u+ d( :9 *n, %"o'*2( d( -("(!( :9 22, '(!u.(&5 +& &d nc*2(& d( 9 2, 4n!" o %&u" d( : *n$ F+u*du+ d( #o"&8 #o+o'*! -(n!"u' -&"(& &c('!u* *n!("=&+ ('!( &-& d( 2&"($ S( '&- cu c*"cu+&!*( -( #undu+ 2 "**$

2.Coloana de ancora cu d*&2(!"u+ no2*n&+ d( ;9 *n '( !u.(&5 +&&d nc*2(& d( 99 2$ A"( "o+u+ d( & *5o+& #o"2& *un*+( d( 'u-"&#& , -("2(&.*+( 3*#"*&.*+(, 3* d( & -("2*!( 2on!&"(& '*'!(2u+u* d( -"(=(n*"( & ("u- **+o" > )OP ?$ S( =&c*2(n!& +& 5*$

!.Coloana te"nic# 1 cu d*&2(!"u+ no2*n&+ d( 1:: *n '( !u.(&5 +&&d nc*2(& d( 1999 2 *n!" o %&u"& d( 1 *n$ A"( "o+u+ d( & *5o+& #o"2& *un*+(Cu&!("n&" 3* -&!(& 'u-("*o&" & D&c*&nu+u* 3* d( & -("2*!( 2on!&"(& '*'!(2u+u* d(-"(=(n*"( & ("u- **+o"$ N*=(+u+ d( c*2(n! '( =& "*d*c& +& 5* >-(n!"u & 42-*(d*c& 2*%"& *&%&5(+o" d*n -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" & D&c*&nu+u*?$

$.Coloana te"nic# 2 cu d*&2(!"u+ no2*n&+ d( *n '( !u.(&5 +&

&d nc*2(& d( 1 99 2 *n!" o %&u"& d( 1;1 K

*n$ A"( "o+u+ d( & *5o+& #o"2& *un*+(D&c*&nu+u* 3* -&"!(& 'u-("*o&"& 3* 2(d*( & Pon *&nu+u*$ N*=(+u+ d( c*2(n! '( =& "*d*c&- n +& 99 2$

$.Coloana de e%&loatare du- &!*n%("(& &d nc*2** #*n&+(, d( :999 2, '( =&!u.& co+o&n& d( (0-+o&!&"(, cu d*&2(!"u+ no2*n&+ d( *n$ G&u"& '( =& "(&+*5& cu'&- d( *n$ A"( "o+u+ -"*nc*-&+ d( & -un( 4n =&+o&"( -o!(n *&+(+( @*d"oc&".u"*c&n!on&!( 4n #o"2& *un*+( !"&=("'&!( d( 'ond $ S( =& c*2(n!& cu n*=(+ +& 1K99 2$

Ad nc*2(& (0&c! d( !u.&8 -"(cu2 3* *n!("=&+(+( d( -("#o"&! '( =o" '!&.*+* d(c !"( .(n(#*c*&" du- *n!("-"(!&"(& 2 'u" !o"*+o" %(o#*5*c( (0(cu!&!( +& !("2*n&"(&#o"&8u+u* 'ond(*$

4.2 .Alegerea diametrelor sapelor şi coloane lor

L& d*2(n'*on&"(& '&-(+o" 3* & co+o&n(+o" '( -+(&c d( +& d*&2(!"u+ co+o&n(*d( (0-+o&!&"(, c&"( '( c&+cu+(&5 4n #unc *( d( -"oduc *& -"o%"&2&! & 'ond(*$ A'!#(+

d*&2(!"u+ co+o&n(* d( (0-+o&!&"( #unc *( d( -"oduc *& ('!*2&! =& #* d( *n $

S( c&+cu+(&5 d*&2(!"u+ &-"o0*2&!*= &+ '&-(+o" cu "(*& *&



D s= D m+ 2 · J r = 194,5 + 2 · 10 = 214,5 22

S( &+(%( D s= 215,9 mm= 8 12

;

R(c&+cu+ 2 8ocu+ "&d*&+

J r =215,9 − 194,5

2 = 10,7 mm ;

R& *& d( !u.&"(

R= 10,7215,9

= 0,0495 ;

2.Coloana inter*ediar# 2 '( ) 1,(( *+

D*&2(!"u+ 2*n*2 *n!("*o" &+ co+o&n(* '( d(!("2*n *2-un nd un 8oc "&d*&+ 4n!"('&-& &n!("*o&" 3* -("(!(+( *n!("*o" &+ co+o&n(*$

a = 3 mm ∫ ¿= D+2 · a = 215,9 +2 · 3= 221,9 mm ; D¿

S( &+(%( co+o&n& u"2&!o&"(

D= 9 58

¿ 244,5 mm;

Dm= 269,9 mm ;

J r = 20 …45 22 &+(%(2 J r = 20 22

D s= D m+ 2 · J r = 269,9 + 2 · 20 = 309,9 mm ;

S( &+(%( D s= 311,2 mm= 12 14

;

R(c&+cu+ 2 8ocu+ "&d*&+

J r =311,2 − 269,9

2= 20,66 mm ;

R& *& d( !u.&"(



R= 20,66311,2

= 0,0664 ;

!.Coloana inter*ediar# 1 '( ) 1((( *+


a = 3 mm ∫ ¿= D s+ 2 · a = 311,2 + 2 · 3= 317,2 mm ; D¿

S( &+(%( co+o&n& u"2&!o&"(

D= 13 38

¿339,7 mm;

Dm= 365,1 mm;

J r = 20 …45 22 &+(%(2 J r = 30 mm ;

D s= D m+2 · J r = 365,1 +2 · 30 = 425,1 mm ;

S( &+(%( D s= 444,5 mm= 17 12

;

R(c&+cu+ 2 8ocu+ "&d*&+

J r =444,5 − 365,1

2 = 39,7 mm ;

R& *& d( !u.&"(

R= 39,7444,5

= 0,0893 ;

$.Coloana de ancora '( ) -(( *+


a = 3 mm ∫ ¿= D s+ 2 · a = 444,5 + 2 · 3 = 450,5 mm ; D¿

S( &+(%( co+o&n& u"2&!o&"(

D= 20 ¿508 mm ;



R= 63,5633,4

= 0,063 ;

T*-

co+o&n

In!("=&+

!u.&!

D*&2(!"u+

co+o&n(*

D*&2(!"

u+ 2u#(*

In!("=&+

'&-&!

D*&2(!"u+

'&-(+o"

Jocu+

"&d*&+

R&!*&d(

!u.&"(2 *n 22 22 2 *n 22 2 2

Conduc!o 9 – 9 :9 ; 99,1 9 – 9 : 1K,K ,1 9,9 :1Anco"&8 9 – 99 ;9 9 ::,K 9 – 99 ; 9,K :, 9,199:T(@n*c 1 9 – 1999 1: :: , : ,1 99 – 1999 1 1 ; KKK, : , 9$9 :T(@n*c ; 9 – 1 99 ;KK, ; , 1999 – 1; 1 K :11,; ;9, 9$9 KE0-+o&!&"9 – :999 1 , 1 K, 1 99 – 1 ; ;1 , 19, 9,9K

Tabel .1. #rogramul de construc ie al sondei



-"o#*+u+ co+o&n(*, #*( '&"c*n& d( #*0&"( 4n #+&n3(, #*( -&"&2(!"** o-("& **+o" &n!*c*-&'ond $

T"(.u*( *nu! '(&2 d( (#(c!u+ u5u"** o"* & co"o5*un**, #(no2(n c&"( "(duc(

%"o'*2(& d( -("(!(, 3* d( -"(5(n & -("#o"&!u"*+o"$

Co+o&n(+( !u.&!(, -(n!"u '*%u"&n & #o"&8u+u* - n +& &d nc*2(& -"(con*5&! 4nd(-+*n('c 3* un(+( #unc ** d*'!*nc!( #& d( co+o&n& d( (0-+o&!&"($ D( &c((&, #*(c&"(!*- d( co+o&n '&u d( +&*n(" -"('u-un( un &nu2*! '-(c*#*c d( -"o*(c!&"(, 4n &#&"&uno" c"*!("** %(n("&+($ n -+u', #*(c&"( co2-&n*( &"( "(%+(2(n!&!( codu"* -"o-"** d(-"o*(c!&"(, c&"( -"(= d '*!u& **+( c( !"(.u*( +u&!( 4n con'*d("&"(, co(#*c*(n * d('*%u"&n , "(%u+*+( d( -"o.&"( 3* #*0&"( 4n #+&n3($ P"&c!*c& d*n!" o &nu2*! 5on 8o&c3* (& un "o+$

P(n!"u d*2(n'*on&"(& +& #*'u"&"( & co+o&n(+o" d( 'u-"&#& 3* & c(+o"*n!("2(d*&"( '( con'*d(" , c& #**nd c(& 2&* '(=(" , '*!u& *& c nd 'ond& ('!( 4nc@*'3* -+*n cu %&5(, *&" +& !&+-& (* -"('*un(& ('!( (%&+ cu c(& & '!"&!u+u* d( %&5(

4n! +n*!$ D*#("(n & d( -"('*un( *n!("*o&" +& o &d nc*2( o&"(c&"( , d( & +un%u+co+o&n(*

∆ pi= p p− p g · ( H s− H )− ρe · g · H

P"('*un*+( d( +& 'u-"&#& c&+cu+&!( cu "(+& **+( d( 2&* 'u' -o! #* (0&%("&! d(2&"*, d(- 3*nd -"('*un*+( d( +uc"u &+( -"(=(n*!o&"(+o" 3* &+( 2&n*#o+du+u* d( ("u- *(d*'-on*.*+( '&u u5u&+( -(n!"u o &nu2*! &d nc*2($ n &'(2(n(& '*!u& *(, '(

+*2*!(&5 -"('*un(& d( c&+cu+ d( +& 'u-"&#& +& c(& d( +uc"u -max , u"2 nd c&o-("&!o"u+ ' 'cu"% -"('*un( c nd =&+o&"(& &c('!(*& '( &-"o-"*( d( c(& 2&0*2&d2*' $ Sond& '( -o&!( con'*d("& -+*n& cu no"o* +& 'u-"&#& 3* cu %&5( +& -&"!(&*n#("*o&" $ n + *2(& co+o&n(* d( no"o* d*n 'ond '( d(!("2*n d*n cond* *& c&-"('*un(& ' nu d(- 3(&'c -"('*un(& d( #*'u"&"(, *&" c(& d*n d"(-!u+ '!"&!u+u* cu%&5( ' nu #*( 2&* 2&"( d(c ! -"('*un(& &c('!u*&$ Ac(&'!& 4n'(&2n

pmax + ρn · g · H n + ρ g · g · ( H s− H n)= p fis

pmax + ρn · g · H n + ρ g · g · ( H s− H n)= p p

D*n -"*2& (%&+*!&!(, 4n +<*2(& co+o&n(* d( no"o*



H n= p fis− pmax

g · ( ρn− ρ g )− H s

ρ g

ρn− ρ g

*&" d*n & dou&

H n= p p− pmax

g · ( ρn− ρ g )− H s

ρ g

ρn− ρ g

L& o"*c( &d nc*2( !"(.u*( 4nd(-+*n*! cond* *&

∆ pi ≤ p ia

und( p ia "(-"(5*n! -"('*un(& *n!("*o&" &d2*'*.*+ & .u"+&n(+o" +& #*'u"&"($

S( -o&!( 'c"*( "(+& *& cu c&"( '( c&+cu+(&5 &d nc*2(& und( ('!( n(c('&"!"(c("(& d( +& o %"o'*2( 2&* 2*c +& un& 2&* 2&"( '&u *n=("'

H = p fis− ρ g · g · H s− p ia

g · ( ρe+ ρ g )

Figura . . purele diferenţei de presiune interioară3 a% sondă plină cu gaze4

b% fisurarea formaţiunilor de la şiul coloanei4 c% sondă echipată cu parc5er cu presiunea la

coloană limitată.

P(n!"u d*2(n'*on&"(& co+o&n(+o" +& !u"!*"(, !"(.u*( &n!*c*-&!( 3* (=&+u&!( c(+(2&* '(=("( d*#("(n ( d( -"('*un( d*n!"( (0!("*o"u+ 3* *n!("*o"u+ +o"$ Ind*#("(n! d( !*-u+co+o&n(+o", 4n (0!("*o"u+ +o", *nc+u'*= 4n 5on& c*2(n!&! , '( con'*d(" -"('*un(&@*d"o'!&!*c d&! d( no"o*u+ 4n c&"( (+( &u #o'! !u.&!($



n d"(-!u+ '!"&!(+o" = 'co-+&'!*c( #o&"!( *n'!&.*+( >'&"( 3* 2&"n( &#+&!( +&&d nc*2* 2&"*?, -"('*un(& (0!("*o&" d( c&+cu+ -o&!( #* 2 "*! - n +& c(& +*!o'!&!*c $

L& con!*nu&"(& #o"&8u+u* 'u. 3*u+ co+o&n(+o" "('-(c!*=( -o! #* 4n! +n*!(

#o"2& *un* #o&"!( -("2(&.*+( 4n c&"( &u +oc -*("d("* !o!&+( d( c*"cu+& *($

Sc d("(& n*=(+u+u* ('!(, d( o.*c(*, 2&* 2&"( &!unc* c nd #o"2& *un*+( cu-*("d("* 'un! 2&* &d nc*, d&" 2&* &-"o-*&!( d( c&- !u+ *n#("*o" &+ *n!("=&+u+u* d('c@*''u. 3*u+ un(* co+o&n($

D&c& (0*'!& *n#o"2& ** '*%u"( -"*=*nd &d nc*2(& 2&0*2 d( %o+*"( 4n!" o&nu2*! "(%*un(, '( -o&!( d(!("2*n& -"('*un(& *n!("*o&" d*n co+o&n $ D&c

&'(2(n(& *n#o"2& ** nu (0*'! , '( -o&!( &cc(-!& c& %"&d*(n!u+ -"('*un** d*n -o"* 4n5on& d( -*("d("* ('!( c(+ no"2&+, co"('-un5 !o" un(* co+o&n( d( &- 2*n("&+*5&!>('!( -u *n -"o.&.*+ ' '( 4n! +n(&'c #o"2& *un* cu -"('*un( 2&* 2*c d(c ! c(&no"2&+ ?$ n &c(&'! -"('u-un("( "(5u+!

ρn · g ( H pc− H g )= ρa · g · H pc

und( ρ

n ('!( d(n'*!&!(& 2&0*2 &n!*c*-&! & no"o*u+u* +& &d nc*2(& H

pc und( -o! &=(& +oc -*("d("*+(

H g &d nc*2(& d( %o+*"(

ρa d(n'*!&!(& &-(* 2*n("&+*5&!($

D&c nu '( cuno&3!( +*!o+o%*& #o"2& *un*+o" d('c@*'( '( &cc(-! , &co-("*!o",

-(n!"u H pc &d nc*2(& d( !u.&"( & co+o&n(* u"2 !o&"($ R(5u+!

H g = ρn− ρa

ρn H pc

D(o&"(c( co+o&n(+( d( 'u-"&#& 'un! "(+&!*= 'cu"!( 4n "&-o"! cu &d nc*2(&d('c@*' 'u. 3*u+ +o", '( con'*d(" &d('(& c (+( '( %o+('c !o!&+$ Co+o&n(+( d((0-+o&!&"( '( %o+('c 4n 4n!"(%*2( '-"( '# "3*!u+ -("*o&d(* d( (0-+o&!&"(, un(o"* 3* 4n!*2-u+ -"o.(+o" d( -"oduc *($

Mu+ * -"o*(c!&n * con'*d(" !o&!( co+o&n(+( co2-+(! %o&+(, c((& c( *2-+*c o'*%u"&n 2&* 2&"($ S( &cc(-! 4n &c('! 2od 3* '*!u& *& d( +& '# "3*!u+ c*2(n! "**,c nd 4n (0!("*o" '( -o&!( &#+& o 4n + *2( "*d*c&! d( -&'! cu d(n'*!&!(& 2u+! 2&*



D*2(n'*on&"(& 4nc(-( d( 8o' 4n 'u', cu .u"+&n(+( c(+( 2&* '+&.( d*'-on*.*+($

C nd cond* *& G ≤ F ad nu 2&* ('!( 4nd(-+*n*! , '( &-(+(&5 +& .u"+&n( 2&*

"(5*'!(n!( #*( &u %"o'*2(& 2&* 2&"(, #*( 'un! #&."*c&!( d*n!" un o (+ 'u-("*o", #*( &u 42.*n "*+( 2&* "(5*'!(n!($ Co+o&n& ('!( #o"2&! d*n !"on'o&n( d( .u"+&n( cu"(5*'!(n d*#("*! $

D&c '( no!(&5 cu ! i , +un%*2(& unu* !"on'on o&"(c&"( cu 2&'& un*!&"&

" i , 3* #o" & d( !"&c *un( &d2*'*.*+ F ad #i , &!unc*

! i= F ad #i−∑

$= 1

i− 1

! $· " $· g

g i · g

und(

∑ $= 1

i− 1

! $· " $· g ('!( %"(u!&!(& !"on'o&n(+o" *n#("*o&"( &#+&!( 2&* 8o' d( !"on'onu+

c&+cu+&! *$

4.4 . tabi lirea profi lului co loanei de exploata re

U"2(&5 '& '( '!&.*+(&'c co2-un("(& co+o&n(* +& 'o+*c*!&"(& d( -"('*un(

*n!("*o&" cu 'ond& 4nc@*' -+*n cu %&5( u"2&! d( =("*#*c&"(& +& -"('*un( (0!("*o&"cu co+o&n& %o&+ B* 4n (0!("*o" no"o* d( #o"&8 B* 4n #*n&+ =("*#*c&"(& +& !"&c<*un($co+o&n& d( (0-+o&!&"( '( cuno'c u"2 !o&"(+( d&!(

• D*&2(!"u+ co+o&n(* De= 7 ¿

• Ad nc*2(& d( #*0&"( H e= 3000 m

• D(n'*!&!(& #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8 ρne = 1250 kg m3

• Co(#*c*(n<* d( '*%u"&n<

o +& !u"!*"(c = 1,125

o +& '-&"%("( c sp= 1,1

o +& !"&cB*un(c s= 1,75



D*&2(!"u+ (0!("*o" O!(+

G"o'*2(d(

-("(!(D*&2(!"u+ *n!("*o"

M&'&un*!&"

&

P"('*un( d('-&"%("(

P"('*un( d(!u"!*"(

Fo"<& d('2u+%("(

2&0 &d2 2&0 &d2 2&0 &d2D %"&d ! D* [ - '- - &d'- - ! - &d! F' F&d'

*n 22 22 22 % 2 .&" .&" .&" .&" N N

J,9 1 1, :;,; :91 ; :, ;; ;99,9 ;;;9 1;,1 1 ,K; : , ; :K: :11, ; ; K, ;; 1 1;

N 9,1 1 ,K; : , ; K K :, : : ::1, :99: 1 1

1 , 19,: 1 ,9 K:,1 : 11, K K K:9,; :;9 1 ::11, 1 1 K, K , ;; , : ; ,1 : : ;9:

Tabel .2. 6urlane de ( in disponibile

$.$.1. Pro ilul coloanei la /olicitarea de &re/iune interioar#

Cond*<**+( d( -"o*(c!&"( +& (0!("*o" &=(2 -"('*un(& d&! d( o co+o&n d( &-

2*n("&+*5&! B* +& *n!("*o" -"('*un(& d&! d( o co+o&n d( %&5($

P"('*un(& +& n*=(+u+ +*n*(* d( 2 + d&! d( co+o&n& d( &-& d( 2&"( H ap ă = 200 m

pa = 21,2 ̄¿

P"('*un(& (0!("*o&" +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&" & co+o&n(* d&! d( co+o&n& d( &-

2*n("&+*5&!

pei = pa + ρa · g · H e= 21,2 +1080 · 9,81 · 3000 · 10− 5= 338,9 ̄¿

P"('*un(& (0!("*o&" +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" & co+o&n(*

pes= pa= 21,2 ̄¿

P"('*un(& *n!("*o&" +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&" & co+o&n(* d&! d( -"('*un(& %&5(+o"

d*n '!"&!u+ d( +& &d nc*2(& H e= 3000 m

p ii= pa + Γ pe · H e= 21,2 + 0,122 ·3000 · 10 − 5= 387,2 ̄¿

P"('*un(& *n!("*o&"& +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&"& d&!& d( %&5(

p is= p ii− ρ g · g · H e= 387,2 − 260 · 9,81 ·3000 = 310 ̄¿

D*#("(n<( d( -"('*un( c( 'o+*c*!& co+o&n&

• +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&" & co+o&n(*



∆ pii= pii− pei= 387,2 − 338,9 = 48,3 ̄¿

• +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&"& & co+o&n(*

∆ pis= pis− pes = 310 − 21,2 = 289,5 ̄¿

P"*2u+ !"on'on d( +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&"& & co+o&n(* =& #* d*n o!(+ N 9 cu

1= 8,05 mm B* padsp%= 273,6 ̄¿ , *2(d*&! 'u-("*o&"& -"('*un** d( 'o+*c*!&"( &

co+o&n(* +& .&5& ∆ pii= 48,3 ̄¿ $

Lun%*2(& -"*2u+u* !"on'on =& #*

! 1= p adsp%− ∆ pii

g ( ρa − ρ g ) = (273,6 − 48,3 )·105

9,81 · (1080 − 260 )= 2802,6 m

A+ do*+(& !"on'on &+ co+o&n(* =& #* d*n o<(+ J cu 2= 9,19 mm B*

padsp&= 273,6 ̄¿ $ D(o&"(c( -"('*un(& &d2*'*.*+& +& '-&"%("( & .u"+&nu+u* ('!( 2&*

2&"( d(c ! -"('*un( 2&0*2& d&! d( %&5( 4n -&"!(& 'u-("*o&" & co+o&n(*, +un%*2(&c(+u* d( &+ do*+(& .u"+&n =& #*

! 2= H e− ! 1= 3000 − 2802,6 = 197,4 m

n con'(c*n<& -"o#*+u+ co+o&n(* d( (0-+o&!&"( 'u-u'& 'o+*c*! "** d( -"('*un(*n!("*o&"& =& #* c(+ -"(5(n!&! 4n !&.(+u+ K$:$

Lun%*2(!"on'on In!("=&+ !"on'on G"o'*2(

-("(!(M&!("*&

+2 2 22

+1 ; 9;, :999,9 1 ,K ! 1 ,9 N 9+; 1 ,K 1 ,K 9,9 ! ; ,1 J

Tabel .!. #rofilul coloanei la presiune interioară

$.$.2. Pro ilul coloanei la /olicitarea de &re/iune interioar#

Cond*<**+( d( -"o*(c!&"( +& (0!("*o" &=(2 -"('*un(& d&! d( co+o&n&@*d"o'!&!*c & #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8 *&" +& *n!("*o" co+o&n& ('!( %o&+ , -"('*un&!2o'#("*c $ P"('*un(& (0!("*o&"& +& -&"!(& 'u-("*o&"& & co+o&n(*

pes= pa= 21,2 ̄¿

P"('*un(& (0!("*o&" +& -&"!(& *n#("*o&" & co+o&n(*



pei = pa− ρne · g · H e= 21,2 +1250 · 9,81 · 3000 ·10 − 5= 388,9 ̄¿

P(n!"u c&+cu+u+ +& -"('*un( (0!("*o&" '( =& #o+o'* =&"*&n!& &n&+*!*c d( 'u' 4n 8o'$ P"*2u+ !"on'on ('!( #o"2&! d*n .u"+&n( cu -"('*un(& d( !u"!*"( -"*2& 2&* 2&"(

d(c ! -"('*un(& co+o&n(* d( &-& d( -( #undu+ 2 "**$Lun%*2(& -"*2u+u* !"on'on =& #*

! 1= p ad %− pes

g · ρne= (200 − 21,2 )·10 5

9,81 · 1250 = 1458,7 m

Lun%*2(& c(+u* d( &+ do*+(& !"on'on =& #*

! 2= p

ad &− p

ad % g · ρ ne

=(264,9 − 200 )· 10 5

9,81 · 1250 = 529,3 m

Lun%*2(& c(+u* d( &+ !"(*+(& !"on'on =& #*

! 3= p ad ' − pad &

g · ρ ne= (331,6 − 264,9 )·10 5

9,81 · 1250 = 543,8 m

Lun%*2(& c(+u* d( &+ -&!"u+(& !"on'on =& #*

! 4= p ad ( − pad '

g · ρ ne= (430,2 − 331,6 )· 10 5

9,81 ·1250 = 804,9 m

D(o&"(c( -(n!"u &+ -&!"u+(& !"on'on -"('*un(& &d2*'*.*+ d( !u"!*"( ('!( 2&*2&"( d(c ! -"('*un(& (#(c!*=& (0!("*o&"& 2&0*2& +un%*2(& !"on'onu+u* "('-(c!*= '(c&+cu+(&5 c& d*#("(n<& d*n!"( +un%*2(& co+o&n(* B* 'u2& +un%*2*+o" c(+o"+&+!"on'o&n(

! 4= H e− (! 1+! 2 +! 3)= 3000 − (1458,7 +529,3 +543,8 )= 468,1 m

n con'(c*n<& -"o#*+u+ co+o&n(* d( (0-+o&!&"( 'u-u' 'o+*c*! "** d( -"('*un(*n!("*o&" =& #* c(+ -"(5(n!&! 4n !&.(+u+ K$K$


-("(!(M&!("*&

+2 2 22

+\1 1K , 9,9 1K , ! 1 ,9 J

+\; ; ,: 1K , 1 ,1 ! ; ,1 J+\: K:, 1 ,1 ; :1, ! : ,1 N 9+\K K ,1 ; :1, :999,9 ! K 19,: N 9



Tabel . . #rofilul coloanei la presiune e terioară

D(o&"(c( -"o#*+(+( c&+cu+&!( 4n c&5u+ 'o+*c*! "*+o" d( -"('*un( *n!("*o&" B*(0!("*o&" d*#(" #o&"!( 2u+! =o2 "(&+*5& un -"o#*+ co2.*n&! &+ c(+o" dou&$ Ac('!& =&

&=(& u"2 !o&"(& co2-on(n< d( 8o' *n 'u'


-("(!(M&'

un*!&"M&!("*&

+2 2 22 X% 2

+1 K ,1 :999,9 ; :1, ! 1 19,: K:,1 P119+; K:, ; :1, 1 ,1 ! ; ,1 : , ; N 9+: ; ,: 1 ,1 1K , ! : ,1 : , ; J+K 1; 1,K 1K , 1 ,K ! K ,9 :;,; J+ 1 ,K 1 ,K 9,9 ! ,1 : , ; J

Tabel .&. #rofilul coloanei

Figura .7. #rofilul coloanei de e ploatare4 a%la solicitarea de presiune interioara4

b%la solicitarea de presiune e terioara4 c%compunerea celor doua

$.$.!. Pro ilul coloanei la /olicitarea de 0ntindere

n c&5u+ 'o+*c*! "** d( 4n!*nd("( c&+cu+u+ '( #&c( d( 8o' *n 'u', d( +& .&5&co+o&n(* +& 'u-"&#&<&$ S( &"( 4n =(d("( -unc!(+( d( !"(c("( 4n!"( !"on'o&n(,con'*d(" nd c&-&c*!&!(& d( "(5*'!(n< & .u"+&n(+o" cu #o"<& &d2*'*.*+ +& '2u+%("(

2&* "(du' $



F 1 = " 1 · g ·(1− ρne

ρ) )· ! 1= 43,19 ·9,81 ·(1− 12507850 )· 468,1 = 166,7 k*

F 1 = 166,7 k* < F adm%= 1832,6 k*

F 2= " 2 · g ·(1− ρne

ρ) )· ! 2= 38,72 · 9,81 ·(1− 12507850 )·543,8 = 340,3 k*

F 2= 340,3 k* < F adm&= 1716 k*

F 3= " 3 · g ·(1− ρne

ρ) )· ! 3= 38,72 · 9,81 ·(1− 12507850 )· 529,3 = 509,3 k*

F 2= 509,3 k* < F adm' = 1286,3 k*

F 4= " 4 · g ·(1− ρne

ρ) )·! 4 = 32,25 · 9,81 ·(1− 12507850 )· 1261,4 = 1268,3 k*

F 2= 1268,3 k* < F adm( = 1268,6 k*

F 5 = " 5 · g ·(1− ρne

ρ) )· ! 5= 38,72 · 9,81 ·(1− 12507850 )·197,4 = 907,7 k*

F 2= 907,7 k* < F adm+ = 1286,3 k*

P"o#*+u+ co+o&n(* '!&.*+*! &n!("*o" "(5*'! +& 'o+*c*!&"(& d( !"&c<*un($ n #*nco+o&n& =& &=(& co2-on(n<& '!&.*+*! &n!("*o"$ Co+o&n& =& #* +&n'&! - n +& c&-u+'ond(* cu %&"n*!u"& d( -" 8*n* d( #o"&8, &'(2 n !o" unu* +&*n(", '( =& &% <& 4n &c('!&'* &-o* '( =& c*2(n!& -&n +& 5*$



$.Cimentarea coloanei de ancoraj % procedeul&alli!urton

Co+o&n& d( &nco"&8 '( c*2(n!(&5 +& 5*$ C nd d*&2(!"u+ co+o&n(* ('!( 2&"(,-(n!"u & '( (=*!& &2('!(c&"(& -&'!(* d( c*2(n! cu #+u*du+ d( "(#u+&"(, '( -"&c!*c 2&*2u+!( =&"*&n!( d( c*2(n!&"($

&? n 3*u+ co+o&n(* '( 2on!(&5 un 3*" d( (=* conc(n!"*c( cu %&"n*!u"& d( #o"&83* cu co+o&n&$ D(5&=&n!&8 +& o-("& *& d( *n!"oduc("( & co+o&n(* !"(.u*( 2&n(="&!(,conco2*!(n!, (=*+( d( c*2(n!&"( 3* .u"+&n(+( d( !u.&8$

.?M(!od& d( c*2(n!&"( cu dou do-u"* >du- -"oc(d(u+ &++*.u"!on?$

Figura &.1. 8chema cimentării coloanei conductor după procedeul 9alliburton3

a% la pornirea circulaţiei4 b% bila b 1 se suprapune pe dopul d 14

c% înaintea ruperii ştifturilor s ! 4 d% după ruperea ştifturilor s !

n u+!*2& .uc&! d( .u"+&n '( #*0(&5 dou do-u"* d1 3* d; >#*%u"& $1$?, %o&+( +&*n!("*o", cu d*&2(!"( d( !"(c("( d*#("*!( >D1 D ; ?$ P"*nd("(& &c('!o"& d( .u"+&n '(#&c( -"*n 3!*#!u"* cu "(5*'!(n ( +& #o"#(c&"( -"('!&.*+*!($



n con!*nu&"(, -"('*un(& +& &%"(%&!( 'c&d( - n c nd !o&! -&'!& d( c*2(n! &#o'! -o2-&! , 2o2(n! 4n c&"(

p6= pc. + pdif.

n c&"( pdif. ('!( -"('*un(& d*#("(n *&+ co"('-un5 !o&"( 2o2(n!u+u*

"('-(c!*=$

n &c('! 2o2(n! '( +&n'(&5 do-u+ . ; >'( -"('u-un( c *n!("*o"u+ co+o&n(*('!( 'u#*c*(n! d( 2&"(, &'!#(+ c& !o&! -&'!& d( c*2(n! n(c('&" c*2(n! "** '-& *u+u**n(+&" ' 4nc&- 4n *n!("*o"u+ (*?$ P n c nd (+ &8un%( -( do-u+ d; , -"('*un(& +&&%"(%&!( '( -o&!( con'*d("& con'!&n!

p7 / p 6

L& 'u-"&-un("(& Qdo-u+u*Q .; -( do-u+ d;, -"('*un(& +& &%"(%&!( d(=*n(

p8= p7 + p s-p!0

n c&"( p s-p!0 ('!( -"('*un(& 'u-+*2(n!&" n(c('&" "u-("** 3!*#!u"*+o" ';$

A-o*, -"('*un(& +& &%"(%&!( d(=*n(

p9= p7 + p fr1

und( p fr1 ('!( -"('*un(& d&!o"&! #"(c "*+o" "(2&n(n!( d*n!"( do-u+ d; 3*

*n!("*o"u+ co+o&n(*$

n con!*nu&"(

p10 / p 9

P n c nd do-u+ d 1 cu .*+& .1 &8un% -( *n(+u+ d( "( *n("($ Do-u+ d1 ('!( d( !*-cu+*'&.*+$ L& o =&+o&"( -"('!&.*+*! & -"('*un**, 3!*#!u"*+( '( #o&"#(c , &'!#(+ c o"*#*c**d*n 'c&unu+ do-u+u* 3* c(+( d*n c 2&3& *n!("*o&" & &c('!u*& &8un% #& n #&-"('*un(& +& &%"(&!( ('!(

p11 = p10 + p s-p!%%

p s-p!%% #**nd -"('*un(& 'u-+*2(n!&" n(c('&" "u-("** 3!*#!u"*+o" ': $



D&!( n(c('&"( c&+cu+u* c*2(n! "** co+o&n(* d( &nco"&8• d*&2(!"u+ *n!("*o" &+ -" 8*n*+o" d( #o"&8d pi= 109 mm

• d*&2(!"u+ (0!("*o" &+ -" 8*n*+o" d( #o"&8d p= 5 ¿ 127 mm

• d*&2(!"u+ *n!("*o" &+ co+o&n(* d( &nco"&8d ci = 488 mm

• d*&2(!"u+ (0!("*o" &+ co+o&n(* d( &nco"&8d c= 20 ¿508 mm

• d*&2(!"u+ % u"** d( 'ond& >&+ '&-(*?d s= 26 ¿ 660,4 mm

• +un%*2(& -" 8*n*+o" d( +&n'&"( >- n +& +*n*& d( 2 +?! 1= 200 m

• +un%*2(& n*-+u+u* '-(c*&+ &+ co+o&n(* conduc!o"! 2= 2 m

• +un%*2(& co+o&n(* d( &nco"&"(! 3= 500 m

• d*'!&n!& d( +& *n(+ +& B*u+ co+o&n(*2 c= 8 m

• d(.*!u+ d( -o2-&"( 4 = 3 ! s

• c d("(& d( -"('*un( *n *n'!&+&<*& d( 'u-"&#&<& p is= 5 ̄¿

C&"&c!("*'!*c*+( #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8

• d(n'*!&!(& #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8 ρ f = 1080 kg m3

• !(n'*un(& '!&!*c d( #o"#(c&"( , f = 6 *

m2

• !(n'*un(& d*n&2*c d( #o"#(c&"( 5 f = 6 * m2

• =*'co5*!&!( -+&'!*c 6 f = 0,015 * · sm2

C&"&c!("*'!*c*+( -&'!(* d( c*2(n!

• d(n'*!&!(& #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8 ρ p= 1600 kg m3



• !(n'*un(& '!&!*c d( #o"#(c&"( , p= 6 * m2

• !(n'*un(& d*n&2*c d( #o"#(c&"( 5 p= 6 *

m2

• =*'co5*!&!( -+&'!*c 6 p= 0,015 * · sm2

Vo+u2u+ d( -&'! d( c*2(n! n(c('&"

7 p= 8 4 (d s2− d c2)· (! n+! c )+ 8 4 d ci2 · 2 c= 71,7 m3

Vo+u2u+ d( #+u*d d( "(#u+&"(

7 f =8 4

d pi2 ·! p+

8 4

d ci2 ·! n + 8

4 d ci

2 · (! c +2 c)= 94,3 m3

V*!(5& #+u*du+u* 4n *n!("*o"u+ -" 8*n*+o" d( #o"&8

9a = 4 · 48 · d pi

2 = 3,21 m

s

V*!(5& #+u*du+u* 4n *n!("*o"u+ co+o&n(*

9: = 4 ·48 · d ci

2 = 0,16 m

s

V*!(5& #+u*du+u* 4n (0!("*o"u+ co+o&n(*

9c= 4 · 4

8 · (d s2− d c

2)= 0,21 m

s

Nu2 "u+ R(]no+d' -(n!"u cu"%("(& #+u*du+u* d( #o"&8 B* & -&'!(* d( c*2(n!

= ρ · 9 · d

6·(1+ 5 · d 6 · 6 · 9 )



n con!*nu&"( '( =o" c&+cu+& c d("*+( d( -"('*un( d&!o"&!( #"(c "* #+u*d(+o"=(@*cu+&!( 4n *n!("*o"u+ -" 8*n*+o" d( #o"&8, 4n *n!("*o"u+ co+o&n(* B* 4n '-&<*u+ *n(&8u!o"u+ u"2 !o"u+u* &+%o"*!2$ D&!(+( c&+cu+&!( '( % '('c 4n !&.(+u+ $1$

• 4n *n!("*o"u+ -" 8*n*+o"

pc= · ρ · 9 2 · !

2 · d

= 0,087√

= 0,024

• 4n *n!("*o"u+ co+o&n(*

p5 = 4 · 5 · ! d

p6= 32 · 6 · 9 · ! d 2

• 4n '-&<*u+ *n(+&" co+o&n& %&u" d( 'ond

p5 = 4 · 5 · ! D− d

p6= 32 · 6 · 9 · ! D 2− d 2

S-&<*u+ d( cu"%("(=

F+u*d d( #o"&8 P&'!& d( c*2(n! pcf p5f p6 pcp p5p p6

2 ' .&" .&" P& .&" .&" P&

1$In!("*o" -" 8*n* d(#o"&8

:,;1

;:

9,9;K

;,K1

19 9,9;K

:,

;$In!("*o" -" 8*n*co+o&n&

9,1 1 , 9,K1

19 1 ,K 9,

; ; 9

:$S-&<*u+ *n(+&" %&u"co+$

9,;1 ; ,K 1,:

1;9 ; 1, K 9

Tabelul &.1. ;ăderile de presiune datorate frecărilor

C&+cu+u+ -"('*un*+o" 4n c(+( !"(*'-"(5(c( 2o2(n!( &+( o-("&<*(* d( c*2(n!&"(

'( "(&+*5(&5 -"*n 4n'u2&"(& c d("*+o" d( -"('*un( d&!o"&!( #"(c "* #+u*d(+o" B* &-"('*un*+o" d&!o"&!( d*#("(n<(+o" d( d(n'*!&!( & #+u*d(+o" -o2-&!( 4n 'ond $



pcim= p, + pc+ pdif

und( p , – -"('*un(& n(c('&" "u-("** "(5*'!(n<(* d( %(+ >'( &d&u% nu2&* 4n

2o2(n!u+ -o"n*"** c*"cu+&<*(* pc – -"('*un(& d&!o"&! #"(c "* #+u*d(+o"

pdif – -"('*un(& d&!o"&!( d*#("(n<(+o" d( d(n'*!&!( & #+u*d(+o" -o2-&!($

S( =& (0(2-+*#*c& c&+cu+u+ -"('*un** d*n 2o2(n!u+ 4nc(-("** c*2(n! "** '* d*n2o2(n!u+ c nd !o&! -&'!& d( c*2(n! & #o'! -o2-&! $ R('!u+ d&!(+o" '( =o" % '**!"(cu!( 4n !&.(+u+!&.(+u+ $;$

P"('*un(& d( -o2-&"( +& -o"n*"(& &%"(%&!(+o"

p1= p ,%+ pc%+ pis= 1,6 + 4,1 +5= 10,7 ̄¿

p ,%= 4 · , f ·( ! 1d 1+

! n+! cd ci

+ ! n+! cd s− d c

+ ! 1

d s− d p)= 1,6 ̄¿

pc%= pcf + p5f%+ p6f%+ p5f&+ p6f&= 4,1 ̄¿

Vo+u2u+ -o2-&!7 1= 0

P"('*un(& d( -o2-&"( 4n 2o2(n!u+ 4n c&"( !o&! -&'!& d( c*2(n! & #o'!-o2-&!

p6= pc. − pdif + p fr++ pis= 4,1 − 29,2 + 1+ 5=− 19,1 ̄¿

! c− 2

92 ·(¿¿ pc )

d ci2 = 4,1 ̄¿

pc. = pcp +4 5 p ·2 pc

d ci

+4 5 f ·! c− 2 c

d ci

+6 p · 92 · 2 pc

d ci2 +6 f ·¿

und( p fr+ – -"('*un(& n(c('&" 4n=*n%("** #"(c "*+o" "(2&n(n!( d*n!"( D1 B*

co+o&n $

Vo+u2u+ -o2-&!

7 6= 71,7 m3



Mo2(n!u+ 1 ; : K 19 11 1; 1:

Vo+u2 -o2-&! 2 : 9 9 1, 1, 1, 1, :, :, :, :, :, :, 1

P"('*un(& d(-o2-&"(

.&"

19, ,1

9,1

;,1

1,1 1 ,1 19, , , , , , : ,

:

Tabel &.2. Rezultate

Figura &.2. /aria ia presiunii de pompare func ie de volumul pompat



'.Componen#a "arniturii de foraj

n -"oc('u+ d( #o"&8 %&"n*!u"& ('!( 'u-u' uno" cond* ** co2-+(0( d( +uc"u$S!&.*+*"(& cu (0&c!*!&!( & &c('!o"& 3* d(!("2*n&"(& '! "** d( 'o+*c*!&"( c ! 2&*&-"o-*&! d( "(&+*!&!( -("2*!( o &+(%("( 3* o (0-+o&!&"( "& *on&+ & %&"n*!u"** d( #o"&8$

So+*c*! "*+( *2-o"!&n!( &+( un(* %&"n*!u"* d( #o"&8 'un!• 4n!*nd("(&

• co2-"('*un(&

• #+&2.&8u+

• 4nco=o*("(&

• !o"'*un(&

• -"('*un(& *n!("*o&"

• -"('*un(& (0!("*o&"

• o.o'(&+&$

S!&.*+*"(& '! "** d( !(n'*un(, !"(.u*( # cu! 4n '(c *un*+( c(+( 2&* -("*cu+o&'( 3*&nu2( d(&'u-"& '&-(*, 4n 5on& n(u!" , d(&'u-"& -" 8*n*+o" %"(+( 3* +& 'u-"&#& du-&'!&.*+*"(& 5on(* d( 'o+*c*!&"( 2&0*2 , cu un co(#*c*(n! d( '*%u"&n -"('!&.*+*! ('!(-o'*.*+ &+(%("(& 2&!("*&+u+u* d*n c&"( ' #*( con#(c!*on&!( -" 8*n*+( d( #o"&8 -(n!"u &d(!("2*n& &c('!( (#o"!u"* un*!&"( &+( %&"n*!u"** d( #o"&8 =o2 &=(& 4n =(d("( 2&* 2u+!('*!u& **

• 'u'-(nd&! # " c*"cu+& *(

• -"*n %&"n*!u"& d( #o"&8 'u'-(nd&! c*"cu+ #+u*d d( #o"&8

• (0!"&%("(& cu c*"cu+& *(

• (0!"&%("(& # " c*"cu+& *(

• *n!"oduc("(& cu c*"cu+& *(



• *n!"oduc("(& #&"& c*"cu+& *(

• c d("(& %&"n*!u"** d( #o"&8 -( d*'!&n ( 'cu"!(, cu o-"*"( ."u'c

• +&n'&"(& co+o&n(+o" d( -( -+&!#o"2& d( #o"&8

• c nd '&-& +uc"(&5 -( !&+-& 'ond(*$

Inter alul ( ) -( * coloana conductor• '&- cu +&2( ; *n >%&u"& =& #* + "%*! cu un +&"%*!o"

: *n?

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&,9 22 >I?

• -" 8*n %"(& 1 ; *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, 9 22

>II?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( 1 ; *n, ; .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, 9 22

>III?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( 1 ; *n, .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• -" 8*n* d( #o"&8, cu d*&2(!"u+ (0!("*o" d( *n, cc&$ 1 9 2

Inter alul -( ) -(( * coloana de ancora• '&- cu +&2( ; *n

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&,9 22 >I?

• -" 8*n %"(& 1 ; *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, 9 22>II?



• -" 8*n %"(& *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, :11,; 22

>II?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( *n, ; .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, :11,; 22

>III?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( *n, .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• %(&+ @*d"&u+*c *n

• -" 8*n* %"(+( *n, : .uc, cc&$ ; 2

• -"&8*n* d( #o"&8 cu -("( * %"o3* *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 1: 2

• -" 8*n* d( #o"&8 *n, cc&$ 1 99 2

Inter alul 1,(( ) !((( * coloana de e%&loatare• '&- cu "o+( 1 ; *n

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&,;1 22 >I?

• -" 8*n %"(& 1 ; *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, ;1 22

>II?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( 1 ; *n, ; .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• '!&.*+*5&!o" cu +&2( (+*co*d&+(, "o!*!( +& d"(&-!&, ;1 22

>III?

• -" 8*n* %"(+( 1 ; *n, .uc, cc&$ 1 2

• %(&+ @*d"&u+*c *n

• -" 8*n* %"(+( 1 ; *n, : .uc, cc&$ ; 2



• -"&8*n* d( #o"&8 cu -("( * %"o3* *n, 1 .uc, cc&$ 1: 2

• -" 8*n* d( #o"&8 *n, cc&$ ; ;9 2



(.Conclu)ii *i propuneri

n con!(0!u+ &c!u&+ &+ c"(B!("** con!*nu( & con'u2u+u* d( (n("%*( d( -(!"o+ B*%&5( n&!u"&+( -( -+&n 2ond*&+ -"oduc !o"** 'un! n(=o*<* ' &'*%u"( c&n!*! <* d(@*d"oc&".u"** d*n c( 4n c( 2&* 2&"* +& -"(<u"* co2-(!*!*=($ Ac('! +uc"u =& conduc( +& od(5=o+!&"( con!*nu & #o"&8u+u* o##'@o"( B* & &.o"d "** uno" &d nc*2* d( &-( d*n c( 4nc( 2&* 2&"*$

Co+o&n d( &nco"&8 d( ;9 *n, -+&'&! d( o.*c(* +& &-"o0*2&!*= 99 – 9 2 >4nc&5u+ d( #&< 99 2? 'u. #undu+ 2 "**, '( #*0(&5 4n #unc *( d( -"('*un(& d( #*'u"&"(,-"('*un(& d*n -o"* 3* 4nco=o*("(& %(n("&! d( cu"(n ** 2&"*n*$ A+(%("(& con(c!o"*+o"

>d( +& c&-u+ d( 'ond ? &"( 4n =(d("( &co-("*"(& 'o+*c*! "** +& 4nco=o*("($ S!&.*+*"(&&d nc*2** d( #*0&"( & 3*u+u* !"(.u*( ' &*. 4n =(d("( 3* "(5*'!(n & co"('-un5 !o&"( &&c('!o"&, *n ndu '( '(&2&, 4n!"( &+!(+(, d( %"(u!&!(& co+o&n(* d( no"o* d( +& n*=(+u+-+&!#o"2(* d( #o"&8$ 4n c&5u+ %"&d*(n *+o" d( #*'u"&"( "(du3*, &c(&'! co+o&n !"(.u*(#*0&! +& o &d nc*2( 2&* 2&"( d(c ! 4n c&5u+ cond* **+o" no"2&+($

Co+o&n& d( .u"+&n( d( 1: : *n >*n!("2(d*&" ? &3& cu2 '( -o&!( o.'("=& d*n&n&+*5& d*=("'(+o" -"o%"&2( d( !u.&8, &+(%("(& &c('!(* co+o&n( '( #&c( 4n #unc *( d(cond* **+( %(o+o%*c(, d( %"&d*(n ** -"('*un*+o" d*n -o"* 3* &* c(+o" d( #*'u"&"( (!c$

Co+o&n& d( .u"+&n( d( *n >*n!("2(d*&" ? ('!( #*0&! d( o.*c(* d(&'u-"&"(5("=o"u+u*, &'*%u" ndu '( '*%u"&n d(-+*n -(n!"u !"&=("'&"(& &c('!u*&$ E+*2*n&"(&&c('!(* co+o&n( d*n -"o%"&2u+ d( con'!"uc *( &+ 'ond(+o" n(c('*! o (=&+u&"( &!(n! $G"&d*(n ** d( #*'u"&"( "(du3* -o! conduc( +& ("u- ** 'u.!("&n($

Co+o&n& d( .u"+&n( d( *n ('!( *n!"odu' 4n d"(-!u+ "(5("=o"u+u* 3* con'!*!u*(-&"!( & -"(% !*"** 'ond(* -(n!"u -"oduc *($ D&c ('!( n(c('&" o co+o&n &+!("n&!*=>d( "(5("= ? d( K 1 ; *n, &c(&'!& =& #* +u&! 4n con'*d("&"( 4n c&d"u+ -"o%"&2u+u* d(!u.&8$

F+u*d(+( u!*+*5&!( -(n!"u #o"&"(& '(c *un*+o" 'u-("*o&"( &+( % u"** d( 'ond 'un!no"o&*( -( .&5 d( &- , cu "(!u" -( #undu+ 2 "**$ Od&! cu con(c!&"(& co+o&n(* d("&*5("(, "(!u"u+ '( #&c( +& 'u-"&#& , "('-(c!*= '( -o&!( &+(%( un #+u*d d( #o"&8 -o!"*=*!

cu #o"2& *un(& !"&=("'&! $ P(n!"u (=*!&"(& #o"2 "** @*d"& *+o" 4n c&5u+ 2&n*#('! "*+o"("u-!*=(, '( -o&!( u!*+*5& un '*'!(2 -( .&5 d( %+*co+$



+i!lio"rafie

1. A = " & 2 , L $ Tehnologia forării sondelor , Ed*!u"& Un*=("'&+ C&"!#*+, P+o*(3!*,1 $

2. A = " & 2 , L $ Fora< marin , Ed*!u"& Un*=("'*!&"** d*n P+o*(B!*, ;99 $

3. A = " & 2 , L $ ;ontrolul erupţiilor între reflecţie şi e erciţiu , Ed*!u"& P"o"(-,P+o*(B!*, 1 $

4. A = " & 2 , L $ Fora< diri<at' Ed*!u"& Un*=("'&+ C&"!#*+, P+o*(3!*, 1 $

5. A = " & 2 , L $ Fora<e speciale şi fora< marin' Ed*!u"& T(@n*c , )ucu"(3!*, 1 $

6. M & c o = ( * , N $Fluide de fora< şi cimenturi de sondă , Ed*!u"& UPG, P+o*(3!*,1 :$

7. M & c o = ( * , N $ chipament de fora< , Ed*!u"& UPG, P+o*(3!*, 1 $

8. M &c o= ( * , N $ Tubarea şi cimentarea sondelor , Ed*!u"& UPG, P+o*(3!*,1 $

9. T& ! u , G $ ;arnet tehnic = Forarea sondelor , Ed*!u"& T(@n*c , )ucu"(3!*,1 :$

10. L ( P ( u = ( d * c , J $ ploitation p>troli?re offshore , ENSPM, 1 1$

1.Proiect Dizertatie - Foraj Marin

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