Осокин ВН - Перстень Веневетинова - М.,1969

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BpeMeHn, HH rpyAoB l{ ycflerxuo pas6upan Barr4eBaryro pyKyCyuapoxosa.

OAHaxAu B ropeHKy, rAe Onncnublq Kopnefl na4 6yua-raMtl, Bolren Cylrapoxon c xeuoft. OHHcnrraH.I rIoJIo]KTIJI rle-peA Hr,rM To,'IbKO r{TO KpaCLIBO nepenl{CaHHble IiM CyMapoKoB-CKHE CTI{XH.

- Hy, qro s te6e roBopI.L'I, HeMogKa,- o6parancn ou rx{ene Ir xdrlorrHyJr tto lreqy A6necur,tosa.- Onncuublq, KaKBcerAa, nocrreJr BoBpeMs. fl sa HI.rIvr npliMeqato: 6yaer u n

OHucuuuqe csort rorx! ,[,a xar ]Ke IIoA,'Ie raKoro BLrrt4r4,

KaK caM Cyuapoxon, He crauer cruxorBopl{eu n ou?! Xa,ra

ll

oAHoro roJrbKo, rrro He Aocrafl oH erqe Bxyca B BoAKe. A seAr6eg goAxr.t, rroAH-Ka, Hanlruu uro no.nyuure!

- A ru, flerpoenu, BuAHo, AocraJr. Bunun sce n o6caMoe AoHbIIITKo cryKHyncfl, H Hoc orroro y re6n crair Kpac-uuii Aa ro.ncruft. I{ sa accau6neqx MHe rrepe3 ro crbrAo-6ymxa croqrb c ro6oft, He ro qro raHrleBarb.

- Hy, 6yAer, HeMoqKa. Hoc y MeHs roJrcruft or poAH-te.nefi, a He or BoAorIKH. He sa reM ff npr{ueJl K KpecrHr.rKy,qro6u raqrbcfl c ro6oft. Aocrasaft-xa, 6par lo6esutrft, ceolrEI,IprIrH u qrr{. Bor n xeHyuKa rrocJryrxaer. OHa y me-uq 6orluafl r,rcKycHurra roJrK B HameM peMecre pa3-ouParb.-floposoneaurnri

or 3acreHquBocru A6.necnMos Haqan 6H-JIo orHe_KlrBarbcfl, Ho CyrvrapoxoB u cnyuarb He xoreJr. Alex-caHAp OH}IcanaosHrr r.r BIIpaBAy rrolucbrBaJr. Cyrvrapoxon, oxa-3brBaercr, aro gaMerlrJr, ToJrbKo BI{Ay ge noAaBaJr. ,[,e.narrHeqero; BoJIHyflcb H SannHatcb, npoqel IoHoIla enertn o6[3MeHe .nrc6unaori - <<Coxpunxcfl Motr Apaxafturae yrexr{>H carnpy <<noAtsqllft BAecb 3aKpur>. CyuapoKoBy crtrxu[oHpaBHJIHcb, AoJIxHo 6urt, notouy, qro flBHo [oxoAHJIlI ]Iaero coqnHeur{s, oH rix HafleqaraJr B cBoeM xypHaJre <Tpyao-nto6usas lrreJra>. Ho ro.nrxo BbrrueJr )KypHaJr, rar .neft6-KaMnaHcKas KaHqenflpnr ABr.rHyJracb c no6eAosocHbrM Map-IrIeM B flpyccnro. C uerc yrueJr rr Onucuruuq.

Bor o6o Bcelt 3ToM u BcnoMlrHaJIH Bcrperr.rBrullecfl Ha-KaHyHe MacKapaAa A6nect,tMoe a Cyuapoxon. Cepxaur-Kont4ucr oqeHb cox{a,'IeJl, qro norepqn B npa3AHuqnoft ron-rle cBoero noKpoBHTeJrq. OH He ycrreJr ero pacc[pocr{?b oMHoroM. Boeunaq )KLr3Hb, noxoAbl oropBanl{ ero or JrHTepa-rypHbrx HHrepecoB. A y3Harb HoBoe o flr{reparype oH crpe-MHJrcfl x(aAHo-H or Koro )Ke, KaK He or Cyuapoxona,BcerAa Ku[eBrrrero B KorJre Jrr.rreparypHux crpacreft? Haapyroft AeHr A6recnlaos y3nadrr, uro CynnapoKos aHexa;lB cro!'rr{qy, a Hayrpo oH caM Ao,rx(eu 6un nepuyrbcn BNOJIK.

Erqe rpa roAa rflHyJr oH apuer?cxyrc nqMKy. B nonrynpocJrbrJr oH 6ecnperocJroBHo l{cnoJlH}rreJltultrr,l cnyxaxoii,HenoAKynHo qecTHbIM, rIpOCTbrM H AyIXeBHbIM rrefloBeKoM.Moxer 6orrt, noeroMy, BbrxoAfl B orcraBxy s Kouqe 1766roIa, 6bur oH eu6pau or cBoero [oJrKa AeJrefaroM B Ko-MLIccno no cocraBJf eHt,t]o raK Ha3brBaeMoro Hosoro V"ro-x{CHHfl,

B gront Vnoxegur Poccllg ucnbrrblBaJra Heord'rolKHyr,o He-

l2

o6xoAIiMocrb. Koreco rocyAapcrBesHofi MarrrrrHbr, Henor-MagaHHoe u pas6utoe, eJIe noBopaquBaJrocb c rlpeBeJrr,rKlllr,KaK TorAa foBopuJrlt, cKpbrrroM. XlrsHl B crpaHe reKJra noco6opnorrry Vnoxeuuro 6o.uee qeM croJrerHeii Aasuocrn. ,[I,e-cflrKt4 u coTHr,r qapcKr.rx yKaSoB HaKonriJrr.rcb c Tex BpeMeH -qI{HoBHr{KH caMn He MorJrr{ B Hr{x paso6parscq. KaHIIenn-puu o6pocnu nayrunofi o6MaHoB, B3ffroK a oonoxursr. .[,e-cflTrr,'IerarrMr JrexaJrl4 uepaso6pauHble AeJIa, xoAarau pa3o-prJIllcb, yMr.{paJrr{, a AeJro He ABr.rf aJrocl. AoxoAuno AoCMCIUHOIO: BHOBb HA3HAqCHHbIE CCHATOM BOEBOAbI HC 3HAJII,I,KaK exarb B yKasaHHbrfi r.ru ua BoeBoAcrBo ropoA, r.r HHKTo,B TOM qI4CJIe I{ CeHaTOpbI, He MO|d'ILI CKaSaTb, fAe OItHaxoAl,rrcff. He 6uno Aaxe cBeAeunft o qr{cr're ropo,qoB B

crpaHe.A.nercau4p Ouucttl,rosnq 6un cqacrdrlllB, r{To eMy BbI[aJIa

AoJrs B raxoli-ro crerreHrr co3AaBarb rocyAapcrBesHufi ga-

ron. CrpouHurl, 6eeeecrHHli qeroseK, npHexaJr oH s Mocx-ny a 6un AorryqeH n fpanoenryn naJrary Kpenrn, rAe Ha-qaJrr,rcb gaceAauris no aupa6orxe V;loxeuus.

Cnepuyroft rpy6ouxori AepxaJr csofr Haxas a A6necn-MoB. MHoro rpyla oH IIoJroxlIJl, qro6lt ero cotIIlHHTb.K cuacrrro, gouHcrnfi HaqaJrbHHK 6un y Hero renepb rIeJIo-

BeK ryMaHnblfr, a oHu BMecre or r{Menu ns6npareneti-rnap'A,efiqes cocraBJrrJrr.r npoeKT o nocna6neHnn rflx<Koft conAar'crorl c.nyx6u.

Kpecruu, KaK cocr'IoBlle <<noAJIoe>>, 4o nu6opoB He Ao-rycruJrrl, He I{MeJII{ oHLI 14 cBonx rlpeAcraBtlTeneft. 3ro cropeqblo 3aMerltJr A6necnMos. Ho eule rsxenefi elty 6u.itoBHAerb epax4e6uoe orHoIIIeHHe AelyraroB'ABopflH K npoer-Ty KO3JIOBCKOTO AerIyTaTa - orpaH[rII.ITb rlpaBa rIoMeuII',lKOB

Ha KpecrbflH. floAassult xe A6.necI.IMoBbIM npoeKT BoBce He

BaqHTbIBaJIcfl r He o6cyx4a.nct: oH KaK B BoAy raHy.l. Pa-3or{apoBauHrtil, cluuaJl oH AJII.lHHeilUrue qreHnfl <<HaKaaa>>,

Ha[HcaHHoro Exatepnuofi, flpas,(a, BeflJIo or Hero ceo6oAo-nrc6figHna AyxoM QpaHqyscxoro SulocoQa Monrecrue, c

KoropblM qapuua flepeIIHcbIBaJIacb, KaK n c Bonurepou,Auapo n Pycco. Ho 'rro roJIKy 6u,ro or stofo <<Haxa3a>>,

ecJrn cH Bbrpa)KaJI Jrlllxb ryMaHHbIe I'I,u,eaJlbI II He KacaJlctHHKaKux npeo6pasoraunft nnyrpu Poccult. Kar ra oxl,r.ua,qAnexcau4p OHLIcul,tosltq, gaceAaHnq KoMuccuu BcKope co-ur!'rr{ Ha ner, 6flaro npeA,'Iot flogBl{dttctt: eoftHa c Typ[neli,orbesA MHoflrx AenyTaroB B apMl.rrc.

Komuccttg Bce xe flpocyurecrBoBana H B cneAyloqelt'

l3

1768 roay. Aesma fi xapq, xorrr n cKyAHbre, etrAaeanficn. HoA6necnMosa, tlplrBbrKrxero K TpyAy, rflrornJro 6esAente.florouy os 6un Heo6ulqafiHo o6pa4oeau, KofAa y3Han orlepee3Ae a Mocxny Cyuapoxona. ,[,ena Anfl Hero y Anex-caHApa llerpoazua Hafig,yrcn.

Cyuaporon nepeMeHraJrcg. Cnsrue c Aor'rxHocra AHpeK-ropa Poccnrlcxoro rearpa saMerno paccrpor{/ro ero r{ no-c6aszro cnecb. OH o6prosr u nocrapeJr. Ho no BpeMeHaMTycKueloquft esop ero olxnBJrflJrcrr: oH ocraJlcfl TaKLTM xenrc6ureneu KpenKoro cJroBrla. Cxasltearacb xe,'rrrb MuororlepexnBrxero qeJIoBeKa fi ltcrnHHo xrrericxafl MyApocrb.TpoexparHo pacuer'roBaBlrlrcb c Osllcllutrqel{, oH ox{r{BJreH-HO SaroBopHJr:

- Hy, qro g re6e roBopr.{/r, KpecrHrzK, TorAa Ha Ma[rKe-paAe <<Topx<ecteo Mr.rHepnu>>? flousurun? BeAt ponuo ue-pes qerbrpe Mecsqa Oennqa trarua HaqepraJra yKa3. fl nou-HIo efo Hasy6ox, H6o rorAa Bpau{aJrcn B npaBnreJrbcrBer{-Hux c$epax. floa 6apa6aHqvraau efo Ha nJrorrlaAflx:

<<Xenauue H BoJIr HaIIra ecrb, qro6u Bce 14 KaxA,urfi r{sHaIII?IX BepHOrroAAaHHbrx eAltHcrBeHHo npr.urexaJrr.t csoeftAO,rIXHOCrr.r, yAarflrrcb oT Bcex [poAepsocTHbrx H Henpncrofi-Hbrx pagruraruesafi... Mu nocrynnM yxe no sceft crporocruSaKOHOB, H HeMr,rHyeMO npecrynHHKH noqyBcrByroT Bcro Trr-XCCTb HAIIJCTO TFIEBA>,

Tlt sHaeul, Kro rro[aJrcfl noA aror yxas? Oeaop Xur-poBo, rrro pa3fJrarxaJr MapbflxHyro raftny qapHrlbr H ee npe-JIecrHLrKa fputuxlr Opnona, a cuJrbHo rroAlruB, npo6otrancnAax(e o roM, qro fpuuxa Ao6r,rBaercfl pyKr.r uapnulr... Hy,qTo Tbr y)Ke He cMeerubcq r.r He nrrJrr.rub c paAocTbro Bo Bcecropoubr 6yprana? flocrofi, nocrolt, Aa rbr, 6par, Hrarax unoceaen?

Myruuulr cBor{MH rJra3aMr.r Cyruapor<on pasfJrfiAeJl vlrryrb Bbrcr)'nr4Brrrylo ceAaHy Ha BucKax ABaAr{arr.rceMr.rJrer-sero A6necEMoBa, H efo HeBeceJrocrb. Muoroe orKpbrJrocbOutrcl.lrunuy_sa Aectrb.ner. Pacxycr{Jr H oH lnqertlepie qap-cruyrcqefi Muuepeu.

Onsrl nocrynnJr oH r CynaapoKoBy nepe6enart ero He-pas6opvuoure 6yuaru. Euna y Hero H cBor rafivanqe.nr. Ecnvr paHbrrre ct{orpeJr A6necaMoe Ha co6crsenHsrecrLrxil KaK Ha pagBfierleuHg, 6e3Ae,rIKL It co3HareJlbno noApa-xa.n cyrraapoKoBy, To Tenepb oTHolrreH[e r( cBoeMy coqHHr.r-re.rrbcrBy craJro y Hefo nsoe. He yAaJrocb coAericreosarlrlorBneHr.rto Ha cBer 6naropoAHoro rocyAapcrBeHHoro sa-

l4

Kor{a,- HaAo 6br,'ro 6oporlca c noporarvrn ApyrrrM nyreM.On nu6pan cauuri eAxrari BHA no33r{r{ - 6acnu, unu, tiauHX TOTAA HA3bIBAJII', CKA3KZ.

Coxeru noBcloAy HaxoAuJrr.rcb s nso6unufi. flo-npexue-rvry rJraBHbIM 3dlroN{ ocTaBaJlocb cBHpenoe KpenocTHlrqecTBo,nJlyroBcrBo cyAeficxlrx KproqKoB, Ka3HoKpaAcrBo rtllHoBHI4-xos. MeHsnocb d'rr{qo ropoAoB u 6orarux ycaae6. PsAol,t cBeTXHMTT XpbIUaMH TepeMKOB BO3HOCnd{HCb BeJii.rKOJIerrHbIe

SpoHrouu sAauuii c Ko.rrouHaMr.r. 3a,ru paclucbrBaJlxcbKncrbro gHaMeHltrbrx xyAolKHr{KoB, a B yca4l6ax no-[pe)K-HeMy saceKanr.r Ao cMepTn KperrocrHbrx.

Erarepuna Bo BceM MrrpBoJrr.rna ABoprHaM, a pas6oil npac[yqeHHocrb rex fleperxJrlr BcflKHe npeAe,'IbI. flopxaKpeCTbgH, HX pa3OpeHI.Ie 14 IOJIOAHaR CMepTb CTaJIH flB"'Ie'FrlreM saypflAHbrM. 3narofi, BepHee, cepe6pxHurl reJleu,py6nl c uao6paxeuuelr Exarepr.rHbr, no6eAso 6nucran ua[Poccnerl Qa.nnurlnoft ynu6roft Oe.nuqu - raK HasbIBaJtErarepuny BocxoArrqufi uecsq rros3rlu .Ll,epxannu. 3aAeHbrH noKynaJrr.rcb r.r [poAaBaJrr{cb Mecra Ha rocyAapcTBeH'uofi c,'ryx6e, HenpaBeAulte cyAeficxue peIxeHI.Ig, qecrb xeH'uruHbr, sce. 9ro6nr Ao6uts AeHbrr{ nrc6uu nyreM, MHorltcMaJrorrruyrrlrae JrroAr.r nycKaJrr{cb Ha aBaHTIopu. B FopoAaxnpoIr,BeraJrr{ firopHbre AoMa, MoIueHHHrIecrBo. Tenept A6,re-cr4MoB BclroMuHaJr xopoHalluoHHttIi MacKapaA c roplt<ofiycueruxoft. Cynaporon oKasaJrcr npan! Macxll noo6.nnsRnu6ucrpo, a r{g-noA HLIX flpord'IflHyJla HenpHKpaIIreHHafl xI,IoHb,orBparnreJrbHafl Kpenocrsas AeficrBLIreJIbHocrl. Osncllltrtqxopouo 3HaJr ee, n y Hero qecaJlncb pyKu: Hanilcatl 6lt ca-rrprr!

Ho nncalr HaAo He ral(, KaK npo$eccop oJIoKBeHIIHHBacwnwfi I(upn.n.nonav TpeAnaxoecKuft. Ero sNrnesarllllc.ryor I]epefpyx(eH IIepKoBHo-c,llaBsHcKoH perlblo Il He I'IMO'BepHo rflxeJr. /vlnxaar Margeesnq Xepacxoo roxe 3rIIMrpeur.rr. TopxecreenHo rr gByquo [uca,{ Muxal't.no Bacu;rs-eellq .IlomoHocoB, Ho o Marepusx BbIcoKLIX: BeAb oH yueuuftlllucarr xoqercfl flpocro, Ho BbInyKJro, uto6n xax4uft rpa'lrorsuli [pocroJrroAuH nouffJl Ir 3arIoMHI{Jl.

B ypunxax or c.nyx6u A6necnn'tos oAHy sa apyrofi co-qr4Hger oAHHHaArrarl 6aceu, no or3blBy coBpeMeHHI'IKa, 60-ACE AOXOAIIHBbIX Ii ITAAKHX, qEM I,IHbIC CYMAPOKOBCTNE. BAC-

HLl 2Tw aBTopy yAaJlocb ony6.nvlxorarb orAeJlbHoft xsuxeq-rorl e 1769 ro4y.

OAHa He HI,tx HasblBanact <<l-lpaeAa n Jloxr>>. Jloxl ua-

l5

cTodrbKo cTaJra AoHHMaTb flpaBAy, qTo ra He BbtAeplKaila urror[Jra B cy[.

V flpaeAu crpsnq[x nery,. Dpena caMa B npuKa3, Taula II Jlo]Kb K oTBeTy,

,Iloxo, spa coolo 6e,1y,Hefiaer K cyAy.

flpouu p.n_lln afl .Ilox{b <<rroA rroxpoBr.rreJrbcrBo Bcryn}rJraK caraHe>>. CaraHa ycnoKor{r Jloxr, o6eqas BbrHrpbrrx Ae-r'ra, a HanpaBHJl B CyA fl6e!.Huwa. f6el.ltnK, Ha [epBbrx no-pax, KaI( Hu RpnJrcfl, KaK Hn K,leBeTaJr Ha npaBAy, HHKaKHe Mof BbrropoAurb .Iloxt. Vxe gecb,l npaBocyArrs KJToHH-JIlIcb B cropoHy flpaog,u, Ho ryr B pyKax fllensut<a:iro-rooflecuyro: oro cBHJrHcr o x.ny6ox rpa qepreHr<h. H npon-sorrrJto qyAo. CyAbH

Bepurn,rr.r Aero raK: y [IpaeAn Bce or[rrrb,IIpo4arr14 sa 6ec,recrue B nnare)K gce JIxe orAarb.K rofi onncu Kptoqxu npr{KagHbl npucrytruJrn,I(ax nnnxy, tlp-anay o6iynn,nnE CrO C HOr LO rOJIOBbr.H npaBAy AoporyroOcra-sr.url-t- narvro!-

Hy u 6n.'r xe odpaAoBaH qepr! Co6pan orr B ro,r )KeAeHb BeceJryro III{pyruKy,

Ha roefi AJrs cero yAaqHoBa KoHuaHa crapocru u calr nonptrraJr rony6{a.

3ra ea6asHafl 6aceHKa rawta B ce6e MHoro coJrr{ rr Fep-qa IIpoTHB cyrqecTBoBaBrrIHX IIpaBolopflAKOB, HaCKB03r,Jrx{r{Bbrx r{ npoAaxHbrx. .Iloxb BbrcrynaJra sAecb KaK BCeMO_ryrrlufi cr{MBoJr. CflrvrsoiluseH z o6pas Harori flpa'a4u, xoro-pafl TaK r.r crofl./ra [epe,( rJrasaMr.t B BtrAe o6esAoneuHofi npacrepffHHoft xeurqunu

6acun A6necuillosa <<MHeHr.re Ko3ra o csaAl6e craporoMCIqAHI{HA> HC MCHCC ffAOBHTO BbICIVICI,IBAJIA AHOC BCCbMApaclpocrpaHeHHOe 3Jro - TOproBJrro AeBr.rqbefi r,oHocTbro HIrecrbro. EcnH e u.epnofi 6acie ouy[rar'rocb BJTHffHHe Cyrvra-poKoBa, ro e eroii [peABocxflrua.[ocb nofBJreHr.Ie BeJrnKoro,HcrnHHo HapoAHoro 6acsonucqa !4saua AHApeeeaqa Kpbr_JroBa.

l6

I(O3€a1, I{[!? HOqnera,Vnr.r4e;r, KaK Ha ABop npoexaJ'la re,rera.3a neir fioroM 6epnnHl,4 r ueu cuAeJr xeHt,lx, crapnnnuri Merqaur.ru.4 raru, HanocJreAr.r, flpuexana KorficKaC uenecrori or BeHqaI,I cra,ra y Kpbr!'rbua.bOIUJIa HeBeCTa B .4OM: CTa!'l nr{p L1 CTaAa nJItCKa.

Beuepenqarr oxpaHHa Mocxnu, 3aABopKr-r, HeyKd,rro)KnenoBosKH... B oxuax MeJIbKatoT ofoHbKH

- 3TO ABfiraroTcfl,caAqrcfl 3a cToJr rocTn. Ho ry,ua )Ke AeJrcfl Harrr [pr.rfl-reJrb, repori 6acua? Her, oH He rroBepHyJr licKarb isolix./IeB..,

I(osen ua nuo.{ax Hnuluri d

'lrup,

Ilo6pe;r lr uex lio.Aeri nporpanc,H ryt xe c nbrHbIMIr ro!'rKaJrcn.

Tau ro.ntxo KoseJr a pa3r,IflAeJr Bce KaK cJreAyer. psAouc l5-nersefi AeBoqKoii-Heiecroft oH yBaAar,r craporo ceAo6o-Poloro )KeHHXa. \ pewwn roraa Ko3en cbrrparb c npecrape-JIbIM cedllaAoltoM-6ofaTeeM rxyrKy. n,o orsara HaeBIUacb, Ha-I]I'IBIU[Icb' BAOBoJIb HaIId'IgcaButicb tt noBeceJlItBIIIH rocreiipa3HbIMH 3a6aBaMI4, Ko3e"ry peur.tJl <<rro3ApaBHTb>> )Ke-HUXa.

Ilgauearus K r{euaxy, cKa3ari <<34oposo, 6par,Xesscs>>.XeHux, He paccepaqcr,UTBeTCTBOBaJ'I, CMefl Cfl :

<Kosen, ru 6pe4uur ,roxr:f 6paroru 6url ros,ry Hlil\{aJro He noxox>.

^o3er'r TBepAurir Bce TO }l(:

<He cyu.lerarlcr B Tot\{, qro rbl c AByMB rroraMrr,A crail, xeHfiBulucb, trlo,roAoil,Ho rH seat yx rerepb c ceAbro 6opoAoft,rar{ oyAeub, lroxer 6Hrs, Tbt cKopo B c poraMr.r)>,

Or cxpouHofo OHzcaMbrqa, nolKa,lryfi, m4xro H He ox(H-Aa,1 TaKoft npblTa

- 3TaKoro octpoynlHbro, roMopl4 crr4 qecKo-ro u rrecKoJrbKo <<BoJrbHofo>> (npae4a, B Mepy) [oBopora.He4aporv Cynrapoxon, KaK paccKasbrBaJl KHrrsl Baa6o"rr-cKrrr.r, oAHa)I{AbI BOCKJIl.rKUy.n: <<flo4lt x Tbr, fioxaJryr?, Haril-ro Oszcttir,rbrrl Aa)Ke c*agKr{ HaqaJr nlrcar;!> G;;',, ; ;;;,

IB

I 5 e p,l u H - Bn1xphtroro gKllnaxa.

rtro <(cKaSKH> cyMapoKoBa, B orJIUqI,te or ero <<IIpHTq>>, Ho-

orr.r H sporHqecKHrl xapaKrep.)Cxasxa A6,recnMosa <<Xesarltt? xsactyH>, <Kaproqsuft

o6tvlalt>> paso6naua.nu npaBIareJIbcrBeHHbIx .IHHoBHI{KoB, IIo-oUpflBIIIHX a3apTllble I'lrpbl H fpeBIII{X Ha }IIIX pyKkr.<<C,aonecsuft cyA>> - oflnrb-Tal(fi BbIci\{euBaJI [poll3lo"{ cy-Aeficxux quHosHl.rxos. I4urepecuoft 6n.na cKa3Ka <OcrputiiorBeT qepKaca rocnoAl4Hy>>.

6oapnu yBul.al B oKoIxKo 6eAuo oAeroro, qpe3BblqaHl-lo

xyAoro uepxacal. Or seqero AeJIarb oH BbI3blBaer JIaKes H

BeJruT IlpuBecTH [rpoxo)Kero.

Xononcxaq Dvt(aCeepx sorr.i'6erus*aCxsarfina 3a Banrarbll{ nogena B [a.[arbl.

Bonpuu BBoJIIo reIIIHr ce6s <<6eceAofi> c sllultlu. Oncrporo cnpaullBaeT ero, KyAa ror IIIe,'I U qeft oH c"lyra.tlepxac orBeqaer:

Cryra n nana 6oralHay x, KyAa [rllnn Aopora.He uan fl AeHbfoB,He uan calofoB,A nonex ullHu rPe6aCryurarn xne6a!

flpoAonxeufle a KoHIIosxa 6acHI'I - tHeBHoe o6.naqenttexa,u,Hocra 60rarees:

flo cux cdtoBax norpe6uo 6 cAenaru qecto:

Be,nert qero npfiHecrbEerugxre ecrs;Ho tyr 6eao scero qePKacY 6Pecrr.

B rom xe 1769 roAy HarIIrHaer A6flecnMoR corpyAHl4-q-arb

B x(ypHaJre npocnaBJIeHHOrO npocBerHTeJlg HUxOnas, tr4ea'

HOBLtqa Hosurona <<Tpyteul>>, 3aKpbITOfO npaBI.{TeJIbcrBoM

vxe B anoeJle cJleAvnulero roaa.' 3naxoucrBo c HoBI'rKoBblM cocroflJlocb rlepes CyMapoKo'ea. HoeHxoB ueHHJI Cyrr,rapoxoea I'I B3flJI 9nl{rpa$oM AJIn

cBoefo )KypHa,'Ia crporlKy I'I3 rofi caMol? cyMapoKoBcKoft 6ac'nu <Xyxu u rlqeJlti>>, c Koropofi ilpolt3olueJl y A6lecuuona

I tleprac-con.(ar-yKpauHeu, B AaHHoM c,lryqae-orcrdsHofico,'IraT.

l9

Ka3yc. Crpouxa sByqafla raK: <<Osu pa6oranr, a Bbr Hx rpyAtAare>. H xors 6acHn ery Cynaapbxos e cBoe BpeMr Ha-;tpaBr.rJr roJrbKo flporuB Tpe4lraroncxoro (roropufi, Rxo6u,KaK npox{oplunuli xyK, noJrbsoBaJrcr rpyAaMr.t Apyrux, roecrr nven), crpoqKa, B3flTarr Hosnxoetri\d, gByrlara cMeJro Hooflaqaloue.

Ha o6noxxe 6u.ull aso6paxeubr KogJroHoraft Barx, oc-Jrnrrafl fo.noBa, 6porueHnan MacKa (aru6neuu caraptr) nrocnoAr,rH, B3MaxHyBIrIuft :,:.ar, qbLtMIt-To roJIoBaMII rnorofi.JTa rraJrKa fi ecTb fpo3Hoe opy)KHe caTr.{pbr, He ulaAfluleenlr 6para, nu cBara.

A6necuMoe xHJr g 6eAHocrH - eJre sapa6aruean uaxne6. EecnoKofiJra efo saBrrcuMocrb or CyuipoxoBa, Koro-y!rt u caM xn,T renepb rre B rrpnMep cKpoMHee flpex{Hero.IIpocyuqecrooBarb roJrbKo ;'rnrepar]pHbrM' rpyAoM 6uno se-MblcJrrzMo. flogru nu6o ganana"'ru -iocyAapcrBeHHbre

AoJrx-rrocrn, rax .Ilonouocon, CyuapoKoB, Tpeduaroacxnfi, ;rr.16ococroflJrr{ ua soeuHoft cnyx6e, rar flepxannu, .{,ut,trpneo,rn6o uaxoAu.nucb npa BeJrbMoxax, xai MoJroAoii'Kpirnoo.OAonncqu, npaBAa, upn noAHorueHHH oA rlapcxori cbuo"

"BedlIbMOlKaM nOIy_rIaIH HHOXAa nOAapKI{, qan(e BCerO ApatO-ueHHbre KaMHr.r. Ho A6,rrecuMoe nlcrirgbrx oA He nucan. Kro6u cran flJrarr.rrb eMy sa carrpu?, l,l AnercaHAp Oiuczrraosm, uro6u KaK-ro npocyqecrBo-Barb, cHoBa yxoAHT Ha BoeHHyro cnyx6y, a6o AeHexsbre Ae_

i,, LyMapoKoBa c[JrbHo ,K roMy BpeMeHH IIOUIaTHyJrr.rcb.ll ro,'rbKo o6ecneqns ce6e 6onee u-eu cxpouHoe, Ho rlo-croqHHoe Mecro sx3eKyropa (rue,rxono qHHoBHr.rKa Xo.sqiicreeHHoro ynpaBJreHun)

- noA HaqaJrbcrBoM BoeHHoro

ryoepHaropa ApxapoBa, oH HaBcefAa orrrllcr,rsercfl orapMHH.

I4cno,uHsn Ao,rrx{Hocrb, A6necnMos orHroAb He npepbrBa-er rBopqecrea. Ho renepb ero carupbr He nerlararorcg.

CrpaHa oxBar{eHa lroryveri_oceb6oA,rrentnori 6opu6oftKpecTbsH IIoA BoAnreJrlcrBoM flyraueoa. I{arua Hapo4uororueBa [epeloJrHnJracb. Bo rrue uoqeri rloJrbrxaror noMerrlHqbnyca4t6u rI ogaprrlor BuceJrul{br co Br{epaluHr.rMlr rocfloAaMfi_MyrrHTeJtnMlr. Or6pocun [ocJreAr{r]e ocrarKr.t noKasHofo cBo_ooAoJrroor.rfl, npaBrrreJrbcrBo ErarepnHu II cBHpeno pac-npaBJrfl eTcs c BoCCTaBIrrr.rMH.

Carupa pacrxarbrBaer rpoH, ona r{3roHsercs. tr4 A6,ue-calroB gaAyMblBaercfl HaA TeM, KaKr.rM o6pasom Mo)Ker cJrV-)r(r.rrb HapoAy efo TBopqecTBo.

2t)

Mexay reM ero JIHqHafl xH3Hb cKflaAblBaercfl Bce 6oleerfl)KeJro. XanoeaHHe oH noflyqaer rpoluoBoe. Bnpouelt'oALrlI oH eure KaK-HH6yal npoxopMllJlcfl 6H, tto y OHucllruu-qa fiorrBJrflercg ceMbr: xeHa I.t pe6euox. Ha xou H KorAaoH )KeHuJIcff, KaK cJIolKKJIacb cyar6a ero xenbl I.I Aoqepu'cerluac, fiorlTIt qepe3 ABecrH JIer, TpyAHo BoccraHoBI'{Tb.OAHaro nonyflqpHblft s Haqare npounoro BeKa nl{careJlbHnxonafi Flonesofi HanIrcaJI Aa)Ke IIeJIylo nbecy o roM' KaK

)KeHHJIcfl A6necnuon. B te BpeMeHa elqe coxpanliJllicb Ka-

Kr.re-ro >KHBbIe qeprbl eroro co6urus. l4e nbecbl npaBAHBo I'l

rporareJlbHo Bblcrynaer ertcortrft HpaBcrBeuHnfi o6.nltx OHlt-clnrnqa. flonenofi-paccKasblBaer, KaK H3 noeAHHKa ga o6na-AarIHe Aesnqreii pyNori MexAy A6recnltoeblM I4 nanuu{en'rrbrM ceKperaperu

- CynrapoKoBa - XyxoauM euxoAl'lt no6e-

aHTeJreM uau Ouncurtltq.ConpeueHullKn yltoMrlnalor raKxe n o roM, qro Bce cBon

cKpoMHbIe cpeAcrBa A6recuMos ynorpe6la;I Ha Boc[IiraHI'IeeA"Hctse""6ri aou"pr, Koropyrc ilpsMo-raKll o6oxa.n. Ca-MoMy eMy npaxoAl-IJlocb cHocI'ITb yHnxeHut, nunl 6u oAe-

ra r.r cbrra 6ufla ceMoq, o6pasoaaua Aoqb..Iletolt, Bo BpeMr ornycKa, y$xan oH B_ryJlbcKoe HMe'

nr.re CyrvrapoxoBa, KoropblM ynpaBJIsJI HeKITR reHepaJI-MaI{'op Cyxorun. 3narHrte roc[oAa c uenxofi courrofi - cottllHn-TeJIeM He IIepeMoHnJII'Icb. A6recuillog Ao,'IxeH 6u.n rcnol-riflrb MeJIKHe xogqftcrseHuble flopyqeHl'Ifi, fipuroroBrqrb H

pa3JrrzBarb nyHln I,t r, n. OAus Hs roctefi Cyxoruua acno-[tHHaJI BIIOCJIeACTBI'IH neCeHKy, cotIIIHeHHyIO KeM-TO I',I3 toc-reli n,tu npB)KLIBaJT:

6e,raa PY6aurxa,A6necnnog Caruxa,Macrep nyuruerofr,He curtt curoti.

Ecnn xe <Macrep nyHruenoft> He npoRBJIflJI AoJIlKIIoror.{cKyccrBa Ii Bce )Ke <<cbITH,lI CblTOft>, TO eCTb HeCKOJIbKO rle'pecnailruBaJr rlyHur, err,ry (e uyrKy, rouevno) rposllJlu I{a-

kagariuert: <<To'Ae 6yaer nopxa!>>

Ho Har, sueuueft 6eso6lrAuocrlrc u 6esponorHocrbloA6necuMosa cMeflJIHcb Jtuulb re, KTo He 3Han efo KaK cJIe-

Ayer, a 6wnu u raKne, Koropble 6onnncn:- o6u,[,lt oH Mof It

He cnycTHTb, ero <<BHpIIIH>> }I{IJIH AO OOJII'I.

OauH rnapAeeq, paccKa3blBaJl?t rearpanbnoMy Kpl'trl'tKy

2t

rrporxJroro BeKa M.. Maxapooy, rar 6u.t paBAocaAoBaH HaHepacropoluocrl A6nec[rMoBa npu pa3.besAe, qro ryr >KenpocrrJr SHaKoMyro AaMy [epeAaTb ero HeAoBoJrbcTBo BoeH.Houy ry6epnaropy Apxapoay. <<He cxaxy, rin sa rrro Eecxa)Ky,- orBeqaJra c y.nu6xorc AaMa,_ He ro A6JecuMosTOTqac BMecTO KapeTbI noABe3eT BHOIIIV)>.

B 1777 roay ynrep Cyuapoxoe.'Hecxonlxo nosluee Ho-BItKoB Bbrnycrr{Jr noJrHoe co6paune Bcex ero coquHermri. K ns.AaHHIo ,.6un npnnoxeH cyMapoKoecxafr noprper co cri.txo-reopHofi noArrncblo Xepacroea:

Uso6paxaercfl nororrcrBy Cyvapoxoe,Ilaprquri, n,rarueuuuii u-nexsuii ceir rnope{,Korop_bti canr co6oti 4ocrur flepueccKux roKoB,Euy Pacuu rroAHec r.r .Ila$ourei ueueu.

Xors serzKae rrucared'rn @pauquu-ApaMarypr pacaun Oacnonuce{ ,IlaQoureu, rupaxaacl no_xepacKoBcKt4, H<IIoAHecJrr{)> Cynraporoey <(BeHeII>>, Bce xe A6necfirvroe co3Ha-BaJr tlcruHHyro qegy rnopeuafi (<napflulero, rrJraMeHHoro HHex(Horo>> neBrla. A.rrexcaiap OHncraruoetzq npeKpacHo rroga-MaJI' gro crl'Ixa ero ocraHyrcs AJI' noroMcrBa TIaMtITHI{KOMtrpolxJroro, a He )KI]BbIM I.TCTOqHTIKOM XyAOXeCTBeHHOTO Ha-cJIa)KAeHris qararener? tl rearpaJrbHbrx spxre,,refi. OAerueB HHCIIAAAIOqIC CKJIAAKAMI4 TOrU APEBHI,IX PI,IMJIgH, NO Ci{CHCMeAJrr.rre,rrbHo II TOpX(ecTBeHHO IIepeABaraJrr.rcb pyccKHeKHssbfl H Boarrbr cyMapoKoBcxr.rx ApaM. flponeuocu.rra ounHarrbrirleuHbre peqr. llonepnrr a ro, uro iepon XIV eeraroBopHJrH fl3brKoM JraTeparopoe XVIII u xoAr4lrLr B aHTHr{HbrxOACqH].TSX, 3PHTCJIIT HHKAK HC MOIJII4. CO ECCfi OqCBUAHOCTT,IOoco3Har A6"[ecu[ros ueo6xoAtzuocrb co3Aanr.rr ucrrlrlHo pyc-cxofi, acrzHHo HapoAHori nlecrr.

De3 rrpHr{pac rroBeAarb o xngHa tz 6otte, qyBcrBax r1 rro-BceAHeBHbrx sa6orax npocroro HapoAa, npex{Ae Bcero Kpe.crbflHr.rHa -Bor orpomHoii BalKHocrH saAa,ra! Bunonsedueee rrpu6,rusr4T Tearp K TbrcqqaM H Tbrcflr{aM pyccKt4x 3plrre-JIeu, cAeJraer ero ltoHflTHb]M, 06uleAocrynHbrM ra ,rrc6atr,rutvl.

I lo.ou MoxHo 6yaer nponoBeAoBarb BbrcoKqe rryBcrBacI\{er,lHBOMy t4 ranaHTJrHBoMy pyccKoMy npocTo,troAr.r-Hy. Yl'laK, He Ber'tbMO)KLt, He qHHOBHLIKI, He MeI[aHenr'ru fop_o_xaHe, a oAHI{ Jrr.rlub My)Kuxu 6yxyr tepoflMrz eronlecu! IllecrHaAuarb rrepBbrx Jrer )r{HsHH ,i yOorori xoc"por-cxori 4epeneHbKe orrra ocraBr.rJrlr HeasrnaAl{rl{Hfi c.[ea s na.usru. Vx KTo-KTo, a oH-To 3Haer, KaK coJIoH xpecrtaucxnfi

22

nor Ha noJlflx, KaK ropeK noAqac xJIe6. Ho oH 6yAeT [HCaTbKOr\{HqecKyro nbecy, BepHee, onepy, noroMy t{To raM 6yaerr\rHoro ga6asHnx [eceHoK u npu6ayrox.

OH paccra>xer o BeceJlbtx, HeyHblBaloulllx, HLifAe He re'pflrouluxcs pyccKax MY)KHKax, KaKI'lx BHAed'l cpeAl'{ KocrpoM-cKHX coJrAar-seM,'rrKoB B ttpyccKLIx noxoAax. flrorguxn'qyAOAeIl, MacTepa Ha Bce pyKH' OHI.I B IIOXOAe cKJIaAbIBa"IH3aTefi,lrrzBbIe cKaSKH I]po To, KaK co,nAaT npoBe,'l Iaxie caN{oe

BCeMOryUlyrc cMeprb, SacraBHd'I ee 3a,'Ie3Tb s rop6y ll IIOBe'or,'r ry rop6y Ha eltcoKlrli cyx. Tarofi caMoro qepra npo-BeAeT, He TOJIbKO Ka[pH3HyIO KnqJII{By}O CTapyXy, He xe.{alo-ulyro BbrAaTF, Aoqb 3a rlpocToro N{y)KHKa.

A eor l,t clo]Ker. Ou,runou u AHtota rtoJII]o6u,'II.i ApyrApyra, Ho Marb AeByIIKI{, Oernsts - 3arpane3Hafl ABopflll-Ka, * xoqer BI{Aerb AoqKy roJIbKo ga [oMeu{urou. Orell iNe

ee, AHxyAuH, x(e,'Iaer 3lrfl-KpecrblHl'lHa, Bce y.naxueaetnpoaynnori xHTpoyt\{Hblfi Iue.nlstlx (Da.nAeft, oH xe Kc,'IAyH'oH xe H cBar. C ruyrxantt, npu6ayrxavn, t4spflruo rlo)lilr'BuBrrrucb npr.rHolxel{IdflMH, o6tR[aJI oH AeJIbue - u Bce ocra-JI I,ICb,II,OBO,T bI{bI.

Tax eogHl4x y A6,recnrrtoBa HecrolKHulfi gaultce.n rlbecbl'orlepbl <<Menssnx - Ko,'IAyH, o6uaHn{ux H cBar)>. A6lecnlronH a II Or't FI r{d't <<llen nU n ra >> 3H a KOIU bt M H C AeTCTB a KOCTp OM CI(H IU I'l

necHrr M H : <<BsI, peueHbKu, peqeHbrH>, <3eul RHHqKa-RfoAKa>'<<Ka6u 3HaJIa, xa6u eeAara>, HacblrHJI efo cJIoBeqKaMItKocrpoMcKoro roBopa. flonyuunocb npou3BeAeHue, I{oropoeTaK II npOcfiTCfi Ha HeXATpyllO' HO 3ByqHyIO H nO-CBOeMy MeJlO-

Ar{qHylo HapoAHyio My3blKy.Kax, e caMoM AeJIe, He 3anerb, qHTafl 3Ty rlbecy' KotAa

MorriB FlanpaurBaercfl To ll Ae"ro? A6necnir'tos yKa3ar cKpH-

nauy CoronoBcKoMy MeJ'IoAHI{, Koropble ror I'I noJlox<}l,t FIa

Horbr, nBHBIuHcb raI(HM o6paaolt nepBbIM H AaJIeKo He no-

cJeAHfi M KoM[o3HTopoM <<Merlsilra>>.fsu,'{ nrccbl npocroHapoAHltrl. A6necaMos BblcMel'lnaer

cyeBepl{e LI B TO )Ke BpeMs cHMnari'I3Hpyer [poAyBHOMyM CJI bH I'IKY, KOTOPbI Ii XI,ITPO H AAYB AET IIP OCTA KOB :

<<Crureuuo, npaBo, KaK g B3AyMaIo: roBoprr, 6yAro Meilb'Huua 6es KOJIAyHa croflTb l-le Moxer, H Yx-Ae MeJIbHI'II( Bctl'roti se [pocr: ouu-Ae 3Halorcg c AoMoBbIMH I4 AoMoBble-Toy Hr.rx Ha MeJIbHIiuax KaK l{epru Bopoqalor." Xa! xal xa! I(a-i<ofi cyu6yp uennr! A R, Kaxetcfl, caM xopenHofi MeJIbHIIK

poAr.urcq, Bblpoc H cocrapl'IJlcs Ha MeJIbHI',lUe' a HH oAHOfO

AoMoBoro cpoAy B rJla3a He BHAeJI. A Ko.[H MoJIBI{Tb MarKy-

[paBAy, TO KTO CMbIILteH U ropa3A OSMaHbIBaTb, Tar( BOT uBCe KOJTAOBCTBO ryT.

iltHoro scsxoro ecrb c6polyiHaronapuearcr BoAy,Peuterou Beprrr nrr-rpqHaMI{ xaoyr rar<au odrliasou.

Kax u as rDeuHbrfi!>...Onepi foroBrrJracb K nocraHoBKe. A6necul,roB rrpuHlr[laJl

CAMOE ACfl1'CJIbHOE YqACTI4E BO BCCX TIPHTOTOBJICHIISX _ CIIIEB ryJrbcKoM r.rMeHrrH cyrvraporoea 3aBeioBaJt oH TeaTpaJrblroriqacTbto.

20 nuzapa 177-9 rona BsBtrJrcfl 3aHaBec, AporHy,,ro cepArleuHHcr.rMbrqa, H oopa3br, poxAeHlrbte r.rM B TBopqecKl{x paAo-cTflx u M_yKax, oxI4JrIt, HaKOHeU, B lrrpe aKTepoB. Kouuqecxasonepa <<Me.ntuar-KoJrAyH, o6uaHqnr H cBaT>> TaK noHpa-BHJracb ny6nnxe,,qro craBuJracl e Mocxve 22 pasa [oAp;A,r [Ierep6ypre_ 27 pas. Eue 6u oHa He noHpaBr.rrracb nocJrexod'roAltbrx, pnropllqecKrax rpareAnfi, roroptre xoT, tr r4so6pa_xa,rw <<6esyMHbre cTpacTH>, HO OCTaB,'rff!'IH 3pr4Te,,rfl paBHo-AyrxHbrM ceoeft ucxyccrBeHHocrbro...

<<Me,'llultx>> oKagaJrcfl nepoor?, no-Hacrorltqeuy pyccroil,y,apo4nor? urecoft-onepofi o xltsHrl, BceM xoporuo as'n6crsori.I4so6paxenaen rporirenluoft ;rrc6nn Oraniuosa u Aurcrurlbeca noKa3brBaJrar qro H caMbrM rrpocrbrM JrloAqM ceoricr-BeHHbr r,ry6orne It HexHbre qyBcrBa- Ha cqeHe noAMr4raBar,tIr rlpH[JrflcbrBaJr cJraBHbni uenlslrr (raroft Hr,rrAe He nporta-Aer H Bcex supyvnr!), <Du,rauoH [eJr cBoro neceHKy npo ro,xaK xoAr.rJr rloA Beqepor ua flpecno as BcexcBflTcKofo cer,ra,AHrora npocroAyrrlHo MeqraJra, (Derusts ra AuxyAHH npeKo-MHqHo npenupaJrrrcr. Bceri eroli yAueHrentnoii- xueoiru IrHarypaJrbHocrn paHbrxe se 6uno Ha rearpe - nepBaq pyc-cKafl KoMnqecxafl onepa flonoea <<AHrcra>, xorr n florlBu_Jracb Ha ceMb JIeT paHbrlle, Ho He o6nagana rdIaBHbrM[ AO_croHHcrBaMr <<MennuaKa>>

- noesaefi cauorl o6u,uegsoli lrcanaofi uacroaulerl, 6ee npnxpac, KpecrbflHcroft xusHn. Buco-Kar IIpa_BAa rrcKyccrBa a xyAoxec"sensnli peaJrnsM o6ecne-qlr,rn <<MenbHr.rKy)> AoJrfyrc xH3Hb.

- - B 4pamarlrqecKoM cJroBape sa \TST roA 6uno Hanr{caHo:

<Me.nrurr>> flBultcfl eAea rn ue nepaori pyccrori onepofi,alresmefi croJrbKo BocxnTr.rBurHxcs cnexrareios (spnre",ieir)H nJrecKaHHa (an.no4ncueHron) >.

Ho lrlr ga6trna npo aBTopa... Canr A6reclMoe, KaK oH

24

nepe)xnBaJr ycnex cBoero Aerr.rqa? Csaqana os 6u.n pacre-prH. Ou He ox{r4AaJr noAo6soro ycnexa. <<Aa ru Jlrir aro,Osucauuq?)> - cflpaur.rBaJru ero. <<fl-c>>, - orBeqaJl oF,cKpoMHo noTyrrr.rBrrJr.Icb...

Kasanocr, <<MenrgnK>> HItKoro He gaAeBaJI , n Ha aBTopaHrrKTo He onoJrrrr{Tcq... Moxer 6rttu, rar Kaganocb g A6.necH-MoBy, Koropuft ueural ttonpaBnrb cBoe xuTbe-Ourte npo-IIeHraMr.r co c6opon - no eceft BepoqrHocrll, y Hero 6u"na xa-Kar-To AoroBopeHHocrb c BJIaAeJIbIIaMH TearpoB. Meqru arltBcKope pasBerJrlrcb Bnpax. <<Me.nlsux>> BApyr HaqaJI LIATH Bceper{e, a noroM coBceM corrreJr co crleHbt. flpulnopulte Kpyrfi,TaK Ha3brBaeMoe Bbrctuee o6urecrso, cocrosBllree norITH Ha-[oJroBr.IHy Ir3 r.rHocrpaHrleB r.rJrH oHeMeql{Brrlnxca, o$paH[y-3I{BIIIHXCfl pyCCKr4X IIOMer.ql{KOB, BCKOpe CTaJII,I HanaAarb Ha

o[epy r4 ee aBropa. flrecy Ha3bIBaJrn myxuqrotl, cogAassofiB Hapy[reHue 3aKoHoB, 6yaro 6u HenpeuenHblx AJIn Hacrofl-rllero HcKyccrsa. KunsrIrJIHcb I.IHbIe H3 nzcarenefi Ii KpI'{-TLIKoB, npuBepxeHqen crapofi [ceBAoKJIaccuqecxoft IuKoJIbl.Ouu npexpacHo cogHaBaJIIr, qro <<MenrsuK>> Moxer o3HaMe-HoBarb noflBJIeHI4e noAo6nux eMy rlbec, a cBexLITeJIbHaf, Ha'poAHas crpys yHlrtIToxHT llx co6crseHHylo Berxo3aBerHytopHropHKy.

A6recuMoe, HalporlrB, 6ul aOco.nnrno y6exAeH B npa-BHJrbnocru cBoero nyrn; [epBoHaqa.ulHufi ycnex <<Mellnltra>BooAylxeBr.rn efo Ha HoBbIe BeIrIn. B 1780 roAy oH HaIMcaJIorreperKu <Cqacrle no xpe6nrc> d <Crpautunt4>>. flocneA-Hqs 6Hna flpuypoqeHa K orKpbITLIto s Mocxge BonluroroIIer poacxoro rearp a. fI oro m [ocJIeAoB aJII{ KoMeAI'tff << floAls-qecKafl rrr,rpylnra> H xoMllqecKafl orlepa <<floxoA c Herlpe-MeHHbrx r<naprnp>. Onu o6naaana 6onaruofi o6nrlI,trenrnot'tcxnorl. Onepa 6lt.na noctaBteHa u rloJlbsoBaJlacb yclexoM,Ho BcKope raKx(e 6rlna cnsra c penepryapa. llo scefi so-porrrHocrl{, t-ts-sa csoeft car[puqecxoft Hanpas.neltHocrl'I gTtl

rrpox3BeAeHLrfl ocraillacb HeHaneqaraHI{bIMH. Ilorepn g"rn

namefr JrnTeparypbl. 06 onepe oAIiH HB spnre.neti nucan: <<Co-

qrrHl,rreJlb noKa3a,'I... noapo6Ho Bce coJIAarcKHe Hyx(AbI, I{aK

rrcxvcnruntltcg no cefi qacrI,I>>.

[] lz8l roay A6recuNtos no npr.IMepy HoBHKoBcxoro<TpyrHr> r He 6es [oMouu4 caMoro Haronaq l4saHoe]lqaHaqaJr r.r3AaBarb xypHaJI <<PascKa[Iur sa6aeHltx 6aceu,cnyxaqnx K qreHHIo B cKyr{Hoe BpeMn; I'IJIH KOrAa KOMy

AeJrarb Heqero>. lloAsarorosoK ero rracLIJI: <<Crnxamn u npo-go!o. B Mocrne, a VnNnepcurercxoft runorpaQuu y I{. Honu-

25

KoBa, l78 I >>. 3ra MaJleHbKoro pa3Mepa KHn)r{l-tua - BABoeMeHblre <TpyrHn>. OHa, roHevno, He MotJIa cpaBHHTbcfl clKypHaJroM Hosuxosa. Cogepxauue ee s ocHoeHor,l 6es-o6uyao. BltcMenealorcn uleroJrIr, Morbt, KoKorKI{, BerpofoHbl,Kapre>KnnKr.t. Ho Her-Her Aa H npoMeJrbKner B <<Pa3cKaurn-Ke)> caTHpa Ha cyA - BHAHO, KpenKO HaCOJIHJI OH B CBOeBpeMfl 6e4Hnry A6"recnn4osy. Bcrpeuaercn r.r flBHo aBro6r.{o-rpaQuuecruft uarepua,r :

<<Llnrareln uou! HaAo MHe paccKa3arb BaM Heqro fi npocaNroro ce6s. tr4enoJrbre nocJlyrrrarb, co usoli cryrtr.urocb BorTITO:

BsauMoAaeerr HeKTo, KoeMy AoJIxeH q nocfirbHoe qprcJro

xo4Ruefi MoHerbr, nocerri,'r MeHr e Moeft KBaprnpe u 6esAaJIbHIzx oKoJrl{qnocrerl rpe6onan or MeHff on.llarbl, c caMbrMnTeNIH BbIpa>KeHlIflMIit, KaX rOBOptlTCg, <(BblHb, Aa nO,'IO)Kb>>.Ho sacrar MeHfl B TaKoM noroxeHnn, qro f rrHIIry AJIfl Bacpaccr(a3br, a AeHer xonefixn Hery, H s c Mor4Mr.I AoMaIIIHHMIeABa-eABa nr{Talocb... Ho, o4naxo x, 3To He omoBopKa, a3ANJIATVTb AO,'I}KCH: AA 3AIJIATHTb.TO HCIICM.

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'no,racKoBee, a fl toBopr4,l, qrocKoJrbKo l{r.r Tpyx(ycb, Ho, no HecqacT?Ilo, Bce MoL TpyAbI,BCe npeAnpBrTl/tfl BcrpeqaroTcs oAHoro roJrbKo HeyAaqerc.flycroi, nixpu.ran oH orrffrb c cepAr{eM... H rorqac' clazarUHC BOT KAKI4C CTI.IXI{:

To sor re6e sonooc.Kro s 6e,(riocru 'sosboc.

Tb xax oH Hu rpy4ilrci,.[,a 6y4yuu qecrHofi B fiocrynKax qe,roBeK,Bo aecr csofi RexHe laox<er oH IluKaK o6orarnrrca.A ror. v fioero B onroce qecrb.flycxaefcn B yraqy.I-y n.ro sceiAa Aosorrno ecrb_,lo u pel[fi Tbl MHe Terlepb cBolo 3alarry.

floAo6nue paccKa3br, a raK>Ke [epeneqaraunue A6necs-uoBbrM B nepepa6oTaHHoM BHAe ero CKa3Kr.t <<flpar4a rJloxu>, <Ocrpurl orBer r{epKaca rocnoAnny> He rrpounfi

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A6"recfinroey AapoM, He npocrunn eMy n raKtrx crr.rurKoB, KaK<<PagmultIt.neuue>>:

llpan,uofi xHTb He scRKHfi qrurcrrXorr nepseiiurir? sceM To roJrri3pau: 6-es,uenbnnr 6orarurca,

^TO )I{e qecTerJ, ToT yoof,

LI raurlx, rax <<flpao4unrrrl cyA>>:

V 6eAnoro 6oraq nacuarHo ornqJ't ,'raBKy.To 6eAnlrfi c npocr,6oro ro!'rKHyr'rcr e u'arucrpar....IIer c uqrr, Tacr(a,'rcfl raM fi xuguu 6un rre pa4.flpuurrro yx, HaKonerr! jigrrrb ror'rbKo Jre3rb B yAaBKy,

Kro-ro Lt3 craJrbHbrx caHoBI,ITo pbrKHyJt Ha a6,'rec[MoB-cxuri xypuaJrbqr{K. I4 nouecrna Osuclrnrtru raKoe r43Be-ilICHIIC:

<<floqreusrte Corpax4ane! Co ucreqeHr.reM roAHrrHoroBpeMeHr,r npepbrBaercrr x(ypHaJr paccKasoB 3a6aBHbrx 6aces!floc.leAHqq HeAeJrfl, nocneAuuri ll celi .irzcroqer.

He saquIrlafl ce6s, norpe6uo ilpI,IMoJrBLITb, qro B BbIAaH-Hbrx IIo qHcJry HeAeJrb B roAy JIEcrKax, cofpy6r.{Jl lrHoro, Hocorpy6u.n roJrbKo oAHHM Br.rAHMbrM rropoKaM; a 6flaroHpaB[enoJIafaJI [epBbIM npeAMeroM, rITo6bI ero npoctaBnTb.

Cxo;rr 6n,'ro clrnu ncefi, K rrucaHbro npr.{Jrexa,'1,l'I c,noso AaEHoe cBoe Bo BceM c,qep)Kan,Xypnana onoro no gBaublo:Enaropasyuuro crapancb yroAulb,Hesexecrso xe cuM npxBeJ x HeroAosauuro!Bce paluo Haqa,tlt o ceM cyAt.rrb:floporn florrqJrtrcb cnoefi ryuroro:Pascraulr.m rAe 6 nona.n, cJroMHTb erlry ryr uerc,B rarou cJI] rae qro x naqarr?florpe6uo 3aMo,rqarb,

OHoe yvit HeHo il ecrb Bcero oKoHrIaHI4e>.I'Irax, cKoJrbxo OuucHnruq HH TpyAl.rJrcs, Bce efo rpyAr,t,

<<BCe rlpeAnpljflTKF, BcTpeqaror oAHoro ToJrbKo HeyAaqerc>.HeyAauerc MarepHaJrbHoii, noroMy rrro A6necIlMoB TBepJ.o Be-pHJr B rBopqecKr.rri ycnex <<Me,rbHHKa>> u cnoKoilHo, yBepeHHoroBopHJl, rrTo ero nbeca He yMpeT.

Kax Hn KpenHJIcfl rlrcaTe,rrb, a a oH HaqaJI cAaBarb. Tair-r{bre H sBHbre ue4o6poxeJraTeJrr{ He AaBa,na eMy noKofl. <<3rorA6,recnMos HaAoefl cBoI{MH My>xaKaMI.i>>, - [oroBapHBaJrKoe-Kro. A rpanaeuoe ceMfl cyAericKHx KplorrKoTBopoB, 3a-

27

KiieitMeHHbrx B <<lloAbrqecKoii ttHpyrrrKe>, Qopuennuu o6pa-:lotlt Her4cToBcrBoBaJro I{ noKJrs.locs sary6ars 6essaulururoro.(paMarypra.

Coecel{ [ocrapeJr copoxa.neruufi Ouncnuuq. K eroruyBpeMeHu, npn6nusnreJrbHo K 1782 ro4y, orHocr.rrcfl eAaHcr-BeHHo sHaxol{Hri HaM ero [oprper: MoJroAoe JIHuo, neqaJrb-Hbre r.rra3a, coBepIUeHHO CeAbIe BoJrocbr.

B HestrnasHoli Hrulere xan Ouucl.lmorq l7B2 - l7B3 ro-Abl, cBLIAerenbcrBoBaJILt coBper\{eHHrlxlr. fIncareJrio, rra Koro-poro 6pocanu Kocble B3r,'lflAbt BeJrF,rrroxH, Bpsn nu KTopelxn,'rcfl [o-HacTorrqeMy noMoqb. Or HHurern, or He-rlpecraHHbrx oropueuaft 14 pa3oqaposauuit 6ecqacrHur.i Osu-cuMbrq cKoHr{aJlcg B Haqa,rre 1783 roaa. 6sr,no elrv sccro40 .'rer.

...Ho qro sro?Tycxlaa 6apa6anuan apo6l H rulcK Qnei.ir l{aA ryillail-

urtlr llerep6ypiou. 9ro lliser I ycrpatoaer 6ecxoueqrrtreI13HypHreJrbHbre MapruupoBKH pyccKr.rx eoftcx no o6pasuynpyccKr.rx. uoJrAarbr _ B qy,tKax, oQauepbr _ B Tat(r.tx x(eHarIyAp_eHHbIx napuKax n Kocax, KaKHe Hocnd'nr pas6arue uunreap{eliqu Opuap"*a II. Vuu,ras My3brKa, ylrr,rnr,rrl Mopo-Cf II{I]II AO)KAb, CCPbIC, BbITflHYTbIC IIO PAHXHPY TPOMAAbIAOMOB, KaxeTcfl, BCe 3aMepJro H npeBparueHo B orpoMHytoyHbIJIyro Ka3apMy. Ho Her, ua nerep6yprcxoii cuene B3Bn-BaeTcff 3aHaBec, rroflBJIffeTCfl pyCCKafl [oJrrIrIKa, MeJTbHHI{a.orpaAHbre cepAuy npocropbr AaJrbHr.tx JrecoB, fi 6araryp-Be-ce,'r bq aK, HeyMHp alou{l.tri iuenrHr-r x I por,r3HocllT npocTbl e c,'roB apyccKoro KpecrbflHrrHa. I4 epare.ntr, oxBaqeHHbre crpacrHbrMnopbrBoM nto6sn x uopyrauuor? uapqMr.r orrl.rsne, Kp[qar<<6pano>> Ben[KoJrerrHbIM orer{ecrBeHHbtM ta.nasrann, 6ec-clrepruor? cMerre n BerruoMy xapaKrepy poAHoro Hapora,rBopqaM srofi ntecu H My3brKn.

_ I-IpralopHas KJruKa pacnpaer.rnacb c rroJrycyMacueArxuilrflaanou I. Ha rpou Bcrv[aer <<n,rerunebrft urirb;ru n ,,rHrIe-rrep A.nexcaHAp I. Apacroxparufl r{ 3Harb a3bflcHflrorclt rro-QpaHuyscxu. A noer Mepsnrxoa cBr{AereirbcrByer: <<Me.nr,-HHK>>-9ro pyccKas [rapoAHae nbeca, <<Koropar npeAcraB-;'rf€TCfl BesAe: o 9puuraxe, e ny6nnvHbrx r.t qacrHbtx rear-pax._ KoTopyro Bce IIor{TH 3HarOT Har.r3ycTb>.

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EPATbfl qEPHEUOBbI

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f, Vepneqoa

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Kpoue srHX AByx AoKyMeHToB - nporueuufl H orKasa, MblHe pacrroJraraeM AaHHbrMrr o AercrBe r.r orpoqecrne fprropuntlepneqona. 3aro Hs rrpoueHr.rfl Mbr 3HaeM, qro y Hero6un crapruuft 6par EnrpaQ, roropuri noMofaJr orrly rrr4carbHKoHbI v y.uilil fpuropur pucoBarb, a rax)Ke o6yra,r ero pa3-HbIM HayKaM <<3a [re[MeHHeM B rOpOAe HIiKaKOTO yqII,IHrIla>>.

3Aecr HcropnqecKrie HcroqHriKh HecKoJrbKo pacxoAsrcs.OAUH as Hrrx roBoprr, qro n JIyx npnexaJr HgsecrHHft TorAapyccxNft JrHTeparop, KoJrneKqr{oHep H flyrerIrecrBeHH]rKn. n. Cnnntuu, tlpororfin ,r)Kerla B oAHouMeuuort 6acueKpu,roaa fi BbrcMeruHufi ga xBacroBcrBo flvrurssuM B snr{-rpaune <<Co6paHae HaceKoMbrx>>. CrnoHsufi K npeyBeJrnqe-HrrflM rr Aax{e BbrAyMKaM, oH, oAHaKo, cAeJraJr MHoro Ao6pux,neJr: ocuoBa,'l xypHaJI <OreqecrseHHble 3altEcKH>>, HanncaJrpflA KHHr o cBolrx nyreruecrBusx no Poccr.rn r.r AlrepnKe, Ho,uo>xanyft, naa6onsuas eto 3acJryra - BbrABHxeHr4e MoJroAbrxTAJIAHTOB.

Cus ranuqcKono ABopsHlrua, r.rMeB[rrari yca4l6y Eoropoa-cxoe 6,r[s faornua, CsHurNH no6usan n .Ilyxe y cBoerocrapr{Hl{oro gHaKoMofo

- I.IKoHoruIcua l{epHeuoBa r{ no3ua-KoMHJrcfl c pr{cyHKaMr{ ero cbrHa fparopur. Eyayun qeJroBe-

KoM or{enb epyAupoBaHuuu, CnuuraH noJrbgoBaJrcff aBTopfi-reroM B TofAarrIHHX xyAoxecrBenHbrx yqpexAeHr{gx. floaro-My efo peKoMeuAau[s r{MeJra Bec Anq Ara4eur.ru xyAoxecrB,n fparopufi t{epueuon 6un npuuar B qr.rcJro yqeHHKoB.

fipyrre HcrorruriKa cBrrAereJrbcrByror, qro, HecMorpfl HaorKa3 aKaAeuuu, fpzropari ua cnoli crpax H pHcK, Ha cKyA-Hure c6epexeHufl orua n 6para yexa"'r n ltrerep6ypr. Tau ourlonar'rcfl Ha rJla3a npeglrAeHTy aKaAeMHrI OneHnuy, cyMeJ'rnoKasarb eMy cBoH orrbrrbr u Ao1uncn B KoHue KoHrloB npaBa[ocerqarb JreKrIHH. Sror 4oxyiueHT HaM Kaxercfl 6o.nee no-xolKHM na HcruHy: oH foBopHT o6 orpouHoft Ile,reycrpeM,'rerr-HOCTr.r xyAOxHHKa, KoTopat conyTcTBoBa,'ra eMy Bcro )Krr3Hb.

Ho xax 6u rau uz 6lrno, B KoHrIe 1819 roaa lpnropuri

9epueuoa oKa3aJlcr Bocnr.rrallHuKoM aKaAennrr.r. A roAa qepe3rpl{ K HeMy npuexaJr u Hnrauop, xoropuft, r.t oro y}K rorrHo,oblJr npuHflr B aKaAeMr.{rc 6naroAapa xoAaraftcrsaM CsuHt-uBa.

Cypoeoe sro 6suro BpeMn Arrs r.rcKyccrnal llporpeccypaaKaAeMr.rn cocroflJra rroqrn crrJrorub H3 trHocrpaHrlee. B 6onr-IIILIHCTBe CBOen xyAoxHaKr.r 6ecranaHsue, opAHHapHbte, 3Tr{BbIXoAIIbT a3 qyx[x KpaeB TqerHo Ao6HBarncb npn3lraHr{rly ce6a Ha poAr.rue. 3aro noA KpbrJrbrr.uKor{ uapcxofi ce}rbr.r,qJIeHbr roropofi cr{nbuo oqy)KegeMnJu.rcb, oHlr qyBcrBoBarr.rce6r upenocxoAHo.

B gactl,ryre l{HocrpaHueB KpbrJlacb oAHa H3 npxrruH orcra-BaIILIff Iiauero Hso6pasnreJrbHoro llcKyccrBa or JrHTeparypbr.Ilogaus rr npo3a ycunuauu Kapar,,reriHa, Xyxoscxo.o,"ba-TIonrKoBa u lror'roAoro flyurxuua yxe c6pacueana c ce6sBeTXHe Torl.t Jro)KHofo Kflaccl{rlH3Ma, y)Ke BOCneBaJra npe-KpacHylo poAHyro rptrpoAy, HerroAAeJrbHbre qyBcrBa r4 rrepe-)KHBaHfiq nnAeii. A xusonucb r.t cKyJrbnrypa [o-npexHeMy,KaK aro 6uao s ApaMarypfuu XVIII BeKa, cJraBHJra 6orosfpeulrn n Paua, Koropbre cqr{TaJrr.rcb uenpensoligeFrrrblMHo6pasuauu Kpacorbr.

flocne ycneurHoro oKoHqaHr{fl aKaAeNrlul xyAoxHHKi.ro6uquo orrrpaBJrrJlr{cb Ha [recrb Jrer B l4rannrc. llpoxunraM croJrb 3HaqilTerbHutri cpox r{ yBJreKrrrncl aeftcrst,trenlHoBbIcoKHMn o6pasqauu HcKyccrBa anrnqHocrtr u Bospox4e-HHf,, HaCJIaArIBr.IItCb KpacoTaMn npHpoAbt, oHrr Bo3BpauIaJIr.tcbHa poAnuy <<pyccKuMr{ r.rraJrbflHuaMn>. ,[,axe MorHBbr poAuoirIIp prpoAbr rrr{c a Jr fi oH l.r oTHbr He rro-r{TaJrbfl Hcxrr.

Heo6rrqarino x<ecrKne rpe6oaauun, Koropbte npeAbflBJrn-a'IO aK3A€MI{fl K BOCTILITaHHUKaM,- pa6CxOe cJIeAoBaHIre aH-rHqHbrM o6pasuau, 6ecxoseqHan Myrurpa B rxryAnpoBaHunaKaAeMHqecKHX pUCyHKOB CO CflenKOB, - BCe 9TO, KOHeqHO,cKoBbrBaJro x(r4Byro rBopqecKyro ayuy 6parlea tlepneqosux.l-lo oHrr caMoorBepxeHHo clrocfiJ[r Bce: r{ cypoByro yue6ayroAlrcuurrJrrrHy, r{ [oJryroJroAHoe cyqecrBoBauue. A r{To xuir}roI{II B[poroJroAb - B 3roM corufteBaTbcs He npHXoAr{Tcff: ecTbcBnAerer'rbcrBo, rrro Fplropr.rri ntlTaJrcff qepcrBbrlru KycoqKa-nau 6e,roro xre6a, Koropbte npilMeHflnl{cb rorAa A,'rq crupa-HIIfl pr{cyHKos. Aa oH JrH oAtrn... Be4t Hr.rrarofi crnnesAuuAKAACMI{f HX CMY, HI,I APYTI,Illt BOJIbHOCfiYIIIATCJIflM HC TI,'IA-TUna.

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-- Ax, qro Bbl, qro eri! .!l no,lrrrro, y nac 6uno oqeHb,oqeHb xopouo, Ho y Apyrux eqe dlyque, Bor H Bce! Her,x0pouo, xopouo, trpoAo"qxalire, npoAonNaftre.

B oreer ua npocn6y noKa3arb.qnn o6pasua uro-nu6yAuceoe Bn,'rneBaJrbAe orroBapHBa;1cn r€t{, uro pa6oraer .rrr.rur,Ha focyAaprr-Hr\rfleparopa, caM ]Ke r,re sroxer no 6eAuocrHuMerb y ce6r lpor.r3BeAernrn npo0eccopa BnlneuaJrbAe.

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IIHIUr.rre efo raK, qro6u olro y Bac coqr.rrocb 6u... floHuuae-Te: coqH,rIocb.

... E o,rrruyrc noAAepxKy oKa3 aJro tlepHeqonn M Bo3HnKIIIeee 1820 roay O6qecrBo rroorupeHr.rfl xyAoxHriKoB, KoropoeocraBlr,To no ce6e Ao6pyrc c,taBy, B qacrHocrl,t, Bbtr{ynoM y[olvrerrlr4KoB psAa TaJraHr,irr.rBbrx xr.rBo[acueB. IIo xoAarali-crny Caanlr.rHa or{o rrpHfJracr.rJro AJrrr 3aFrrrruii c lpuropaeuonbrrHoro rpaBepa O. C. fa,rarrnososa. KorAa crapurufttlepHeuon rioJryqtl.fl or aKaAeMr.rrz 3a ycnexu B xyAo]KecrBaxcepe6paHyn MeAaJrb, o6qecreo 3aquc,'rrir'ro efo B cBoII nau-clroHepbl c elrnflarori e)KeMecrrqHo rrrrruAecrrrr.t py6,reii. Ecnu6rt ue ora lroeroqb, xyAo)KHr.rK BprA JrH BbrAep)Kan 6tt znusapa6oran 6sl vaxorxy, KaK lrHorr4e r.r3 HenMyu.(rrx BocrnrraH-HTiKOB.

Kcrarn roBopfi , HeKorop bre apxHBHbre M arep rar'rbr ytrol'vrr{-Halor, uro lpHropuri nognaxoull,r o6ulecrBo c pHcyHKarufi6para, sapyqrrlcs rroAAepxKoli l.r, xor4,a e 1823 ro.a,y Haxa-nop npu6u,r, o6ulecreo nopyqr{Jro na6.rroAart 3a }ruM r.r3Be-crHorry BHAonHcrIy M. H. Bopo6reey. flpa BCeM 3rorrorleBrrAHa orpoMuafi po,lt CeuHtrzHa B ycrpoftcree cyAr6srtlepueqonux: oH BcfiqecKu peKoueHAoBaJr 6parlen o6u{ecr-By, oH xe 3aKa3aJI Tor'rbKo rrpHexaBrxeNly HuxaHopy rtepe-prlcoBKy cocraB,rrelrrroro HNr <<Co6p a uua or!'rrrqHbrx rip or43Be-Aeuuri pocurricxr.rx xyAoxnHr(os r.r rro6onsrrHbrx orer{ecrBeH-Hbrx ApeBr{ocreri>>.

I(ax npoeoAr.ir'rv Hepa3Jryqlrbre 6paru Bpet{fl, ceo6oAnoeor sanqrarl? 06 groM paccKa3brBaror BbrrroJrHeHHbre aMH B

orrrycK aKBapeJrri l,i pucyHKH. Co ceoricrgesHorl nv Aparo]l,eH-rroir Ans l{cc,'reAoB ared'r rr aKKyp arrrocrbro tl ep Heuoebr nolueq a -

Jnl fioqrn KaxAyro cBoro pa6ory l,aroil, [cro,[r.reHr.rfl rIira3BaHpreM cprrcoBar{Hori n,tecrnocttt: <<I-{apcroe c€r'ro)),<<flaprolono>>, <llerponcxnfi ocrpon>>. tlepueqonu BcefAaocraBJrsdrrr{ qer{Hyro npfirrr.rcKy - <<c Harypu>>. TarHu o6pa-3OM, paCCMaTpHBafl AX [pOlr3BeAeI]Ufl, Mbr coBepmeFrHo KoH-IiperHo npeAcraBJrfleM ce6e, KaK BbrrJrnAeJro ro rrJrrr unoel,Iecro e[te Ao n:o6pereuua $ororpaSuu. 3uan ux cKpy.nyJre3Hyro roqr{ocrb, orpurlarer'rbrloe orHorrJeHrre Ko ecsxori[puynpaueHHocTr4, ne np]rxoAr.tTcfl cor\{r{eBaTbcrr B nonl.rer?-

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mer? AocroBeprrocrr.r 14306palKeHLIrI, Koropoe flB,rrflercff,Tar{HM o6pasolr, /(or(yMeHToM BpeMeHr.r.

kI"rax, BMecro roro qro6tr orAbrxarb lt pa3B,rreKarbcrr,9epueqonu ece cno6oAnoe BpeMfl orAaBa,rut .rrro6uuolry ac-I{yccTBy, efo coBeprxe}rcTBoBaHr.to. Bnpoueu, pa3Be Bcrr uxAO IIPCACJ'IA HACbIII{CHHA'I TBOPqECKAfl XH3IIb, OCTABJICHHOCIlMr{ ofpoMr{oe HacJreAHe ue y6eN4aror B ToM, qro AJrfl HrixorAbIX 6lr,r se orAbrx 6eg noucNoB HFrreDecHoft uarvott lr eeIrpaBAriBoro oro6p axeuun...

Venexare,rtHo, c 6o,rluroli norbsorl A.nn ce6s [poBeJrHoHr{ Jrero 1826 ro4a, ornpocuBrxr.tcb B AoJrro}xAaHHyro [oe3A-Ky no poAHor? I(ocrponacxori ry6epHr.rra. Cy6cra4npoBaJro 3ry[oe3AKy, AOpOTOCTOqUyn IIO TO|AalxHHM BpeMer{aM, onsTb-raxu o6ulecrBo, a orHroAb He aKaAeMHs. KaxAtril ns 6parteno6ngrrsa,'rcs Harrucarb nagAuaSr r{ craAo.

fle4aurnuune 6partr rorqac xe Haqarn <<Xypua,rr>,roropuft BeJrH r.t n 4anlHeitruux crpaHcrer.rsx. K cqacrblo,oH qacraqno coxpaHHJrcs. I{uraev ero, Iz nepeA HaMr.r Bo3r.ru-xa rcr o6p asbr xyAoxt Hr.rKoB-rrarpr{oroB, He roJ'rbr(o n"lrc6ne s-Hbrx B nprzpoAy, Ho r4 xpoBHo aa6ornulrrxcfl o coxpaHHocrr{rraMrrrItHKoB KyJibTypbl:

<<)Kanl, qro MaJro Aopoxar rpyAar{lr Ha[rux npapoArrrc-Jrefi,- rniuer fpniopufi npo .a,pesunri Bar'r, nocrpoeHulrr?<<A,'rrr 3aurl{ueHIlfl cBoefo oreqecrBa>>. - florouNtt Dolor ero6ee oco6eHuoii saAo6socru. Mlr nocrapaeMcn ece, rrro Ao-cror'irro oco6enuoro BHnx{aHHrr, HapticoBarb, xorq rreKoropoe61'ler Ire cro,'rbKo )r(r'rBorIHcHo, cNo.rttt<o rocroIaMflTno, uog IIO,Tararo, qTo N{oxiHo coeAHHHTb OAHO c ApyfHM, H Ar.rrI HacMox{er 6utn no,resHo xar{ To, TaK H Apyfoe>>.

B noc.leAHeli $pase cKa3brBaercR oco6eHuocrb BsrJtrAoBxyAolKHr.rKoB Ha cBoFo 3aAaqy. Hcc;reA,osarenu norararor,uro QoplrapoBalrnl.o arux Bgr,'rffAoB Bo MHoroNr coAeficreoearux <<6,raro4ereJrb>) Csrrrlrzu, ynopnlrri co6upare.tt poccnft-cKI.{x ApeBnocreli 14 rro Harype ceoeir cr(opee yveHr,rfi, uenrxyAo)KH14K. cUnrarct, qT0 Bbrrrod'rr{e}rr4e 3aAaqH coeAI{Hr.rTbneirsaxuyro )KIrBoIIHcb c ucropuuecxoii 3acyuuJro Kltcrbtlepueqonnx, npeBpara,'ro ux B xyAolKrir4KoB-.d,oKyMeHTor'rr{-cToB, a He B xHBOnHCil.eB B quCTOivr CMbtCJre 3TOrO C,'IOBa,

Hto xe, Ao,'ifl npaBAbr B arolr, r,rox{er 6brrl, ecrb, xorffMbr yBHAr{M B HeKoropbtx H3 HX [poH3BeAeHHfi qclroe Bbrpa-xeHrre cso6oAHoro xyAox{ecrBeHHoro Ayxa. Ho, AaBaE or{err-Ky TOMy HI'IH I4HO\{y "ry[Uy, C!']eAyeT nOAXOAHTb L{CTOpHqeCKHa paccMaTpHBaTb, B KaKHx yc,roBr4flx npoxoAl4,'I pocT AapoBa-

35

iillt, !(aX OTilOClt"lIHCb i{ ila:iilartL.iililO }tir.tBOI]nC[t COBperIeil-!ililiil.

CettHlltH B oAltt)t\t rt.j .)li\:ptraron c bollraltu yAoBJterBo-perrr{erl nncaJr o J(aprnlre I{rlraropa L{epHeuoea <@paHuye-cxarr raJrepea n Sptrnrax{e>>: <<Bor rop}rrecrBo x{r{Bonl{cn unep-c-rreKTtrBu !>> I(apriltra era 6r,l;r a npe,t,craBJler,ra MJraA[ru rlus tlepueiloBbrx Ha KoHKypc no oKoHrIaHHu aKaAeMr4r.r [r yAo-cToella 3o,loToli nreAa"lH BTOpOIO AOCTOuHCTBa. TaXyO Neot{eHKy no,'ryqrrra pa6ora fpuropnn L{epueuona <Boeuuanrar'repefl B 3lrnrsenr ABopue>.

XapaxtepHo, qro ConHluH, To.rbKo qro BbrcoKo orIeHHB-uHIi npousBeAerrHe HuxaHopa, ryr xe, oAr.raKo, Ao6aB.rrflernpo Herc: <<K colraneuHro, oH npilcTpacreH 60,rture x nefi-3ax(alvt>>. i\{sr xe He orAaAHM npeAnoqTeHHR HH roMy 6pary,In Apyrorr,y. I-{errHa A,'rfl pyccKoro rrcKyccrBa Aerred'rbHocrbfprroplrn V.epHerlona, aBropa Hcrop[qecKux ruHoro$ufypHbrxnollnOgutlHii, (ettHa pa6ora a nefigaxucra Hnranopa t{ep-HeIloBa, a eu{e qeHr-ree ux yAuBHTeJrbHoe, He pacTopxltMoeHr.rKaKr.IM r.l cuJIa MH coApyxecTBo.

Oxosqns aKaAeMtrro, gepneqoeur e 1828 foAy noJ'ryqriJru3Barrte xyAolxt{Hr(oe XIV Kr'racca. 3gaHr.re oro, KaK, BnpoqeM,u nn6oe Apyfoe, Koropoe nprrctsanBaru BbrrrycKur,rKaM, I{eAaBaro lrrrKaKux npae. Ho 6paruu Ha nepBblx nopax no-BesJro: lpnropun 3aqHCd'rH.rrH na c"ryx6y s uKa6u;er eroB€r'rlrr{QCrB3>, I-laxauopa Ha cpeAcrsa o6uecrBa oTnpaBH.4nB nByx,lreruee nyrerxecrBr.re ro Kasxasy.

<<floqerHar>> c,ryx6a f puropur Llepueqoua, roropufroTllblHe cTaHOBriJrcf npHABopHbriu xHBoIIllcueM, HaJIataJIa Hallero oco6yro orBercrBeHHocrb. Tenepr oH KaK 6u He nplr-Ha.4,'rex{ar ce6e, a Bceue,'ro froAqHHs.rrcfl rIp[xorsM Hni<o-.nan I.-Bxycbr xe <<ero Be.[uqecrea>) 6br,'ru rpafrue orpaHr.{-ueuu. L{apl crlnraJr, rrro xyAo}Ksurl AoJrx(Hlt aso6paxarrroJrbr(o BoeHFrbre napaAbr, cl{orpbl a yqer{nfl. OH rpy6o uOC3AAPHO BMCIilIIBa.TCfl B TBopI{ecTBo TIoAqHHeHHbIx eIlIy Ma-crepoB. floAo6no roMy, Kar{ oH pacrpaBnflilcfl c o$uuepaur.r3a HerrpaBHJrbHO, <<He I]o ycTaBV)> npaur.rTyro nyroBr4uy HaiuyHr.r{pe, ToqHo rar( }r(e oH rro3BoJrrrn ce6e yHHqroxarb Kap-TlrIIL,r, ecJIIl oHLt B qel.l-lt.r5o, no efo r\{HetIlt}o, orcryrIaJILI orodpasqa. Tax, uanpnrrep, oH co6creeHHopyr{Ho nepeqepKHyrAne rprrrypu Ha rra6pou<e fplrroprra t{eptre[oea -<<Bo-euHlq

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36

Horueillrr cqr4Taercn ero Kaprr4Ha (napaA flepeA 3ltunuu.Lnopuorn>), fparopurl Hepneqoo yAocTor{Jrcfl sL,tcoqafruero3aKa3a - nucarb <<flapaA ua l{apuquHoM Jlyry 6 oxrn6pnl83 I roaa [o cJryqao oKoHqanr.rfl BoeHubrx Aei,tcrsuia s Uap-ctne flofllcxolr>>.

<<BoeHHsre A,eilcrenr>> 6ulu se qeM I.tHbrM, KaK cBupe[btMrIoAaBJreHr.reM FrapoAno-oceo6oALIreJrbHoro ABH)KeHI.{R IIo,'lfl 'KoB, crpeMr{Brur.rxcfl c6pocuru nro pyccKoro qapuaua. Hu-ronarl I nuurno rpasAHoBar'r uo6eay. Ha l{apnquuorvr Jlyfycocrofld'rcn ropxectneuuuti tvlole6eu fi uepeMoHua.nulluitriapaA eoiicx. Bu.ra sscqeHupoBaHa Bcrpeqa rocyAapfl, ttKo-6u ronrxo qro rrprrcKaKaBuero Ha 6oesoM KoHe u3 BoeHHotorloxoAa, c xaperoil HMneparpr{qu. Jfto6osarbcfl croJlb Aocro-IIaNlflTHr,iNl 3peJII{UI0M npH|JIaIXanlICb BCe 3HaT]lble fierep-6ypxuu.

flo mmc,rn uapn, xyAolKHHK AoJIX(es 6u.n B nepBylo oqe-pe4r uso6pa3r,rrb HecoKpyIxI.{MyIo cuny s 6necraqyn 4uc-r{rr rr J'r rrHy rla pcKr.r x noricK, rop )KecTBeH Ho AeMoHCTp l{pyrcu-(H xcBoH BepHonoAAaHHlrqecKue qyBcTBa [peA <<cBeTJIbIMId>> Oqa-r{}r rocy.qapq. OAHaxo, BHerrrHe 6eso6uAHutri r noxopHuft,qapcxufi xrlBolt]rceq npecJreAoBaJI coBepIxeHHo Apyryloue,rr. En,ty na.no 6uno ne,'ra Ao eoftcxa, oAeroro B oAuI-IaKo-Bbre urlHeJilr rr 3acrblB[rero no paH)KHpy c TyflblMH o4Hoo6pas-HblMIt nltualut. Ou Bocno,'rb3oBa,'Icg peAKHM cflyqaeM, ,Iro6r,tEOCCO3AaTb [paBAHByrO )KnByrO faJleperc CBOI.{X CJIaBHbIX CO-

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lopnuo npuHrrJlcr t{epHerlon 3a AeJIo. Onsrt-rart{ scno-urrHaeurb, qro B ero pacnoprxelluu He 6u.no ult Qororpa-tprrri, Hn rpaBlop, uu xaxux-.nH6o Apyrux noprperoB rllIl,Koropbrx or{ 3aAancn noKa3arb. BepHufi cBoeMy, pa3 HaBcer-Aa ycTaHoBr'reHHolly r\{eToAy, ou pa6ora.n ToIbKo c HaTypbt.,IIuurl oAlroro xyAolKHI{Ka, 6yAyu{ero aBropa <<f sfleHnflXpr.rcra HapoAy>, A"rcrcau4pa LIeaHona, xoropuit flpucyr-CTBOBa.II Ha IIapaAe' a flOTOI!{ Bblexar'l 3a rpaHHIIy' OH [I3O-6palr.r,r saoqHo. OAsux oH tilrcalrr r flerep6ypre, Apyrnx B

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-vKp aAKoli Ae.l a;r riap a riAa ru Hrre Ha6p ocxlr.'faN, B reqeulze rrflTr.t JIer Bbl[o,u{r{Jr LlepHerlon ABecrH,{Ba4tl216 Tpu noprpera. trIs xyAo}r{HnxoB 3Aecb 6r,rnla: rso-peq <<flocneAirefo Aus flonrnen>> K. 6prcr,roB: rrpoc,'iaB,rrerr-irrrri cxl',lunrop n xreAarbep O. To,rirofr; aerop Kaprlrnbr<<MeAsuir 3lrurii>> xlrBorrucerr @. 6pyax; cxy,rlliop B. Ae-nryr-.&la,r ltnoecKrrrii, ltocraB ltBtI]]rtt e noc.ne,qc rBfi u ltaNr nritnKi'Tnaily Cycauuny e l(ocrponre; yqHrer'rb 6parler t{epnerlo-Bbrx

-BuAotrilceu M. Bopo6reB; co3Aare,lb fiallflTHr.rKa Mn-IinHy fl floxapcr<ouy n Mocr<ee cKyJrbrrrop lI. Maproc,nepertri xyAox(II[r{ KpecrbflrlcKoro 6ura Ir ranar{rnr.tssriinefigaxucr QoHoe A. BesequaHoB H MHorrre Apyrfie. Cpeaitrtr.lcare.reli, KpoMe ynoMflHyrbrx, HaxoAr4/rrcl !,euuc !,anu-4oB, nosr H. Kyxo,'roHlrx, n. CeuHtuH c x<euofi. fpynnyaKrepoB cocraB,lrfld'ru fI. I(aparurwn,tr4. Cocuaqxuir, B. Acen-rona. B uucne o6ulecrBeHHbrx Aesrenefi HaxoAUJrHcb npe3r.t-Aetrr ATaAeMHH xyAo)Kecrs A. OreHr.ru, ocHoBare"Tb O6ure-crBa [ooupeHHn xyAo]KHr:tKoB lL Kuxr.rH n Apyrue.

Onupaact Ha ceori leopuecxuli onr,lr, LlepueuoB yr{e,Topaspa6oran fi [racrepcKu paclo,To]Ktr,'r rpynnbr ,rn4eii e no-prrAKe, sarrflTor.r rrlrn Bo Bper\rr fiapaqa. flopnaox 3Tor orlBOCCO3Aa!] nO HX BOCI1ON{UHaHAtIM, C,'nIqafl paccKa3br o/lrinxIr Apyf[x v AaluBaflcl yrouneullfi.

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ii8

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XyAoxecreeHuafl KprrrnKa oqeHb Bbrcor(o ouellu,'Ia npo-tl3BeAeriue. KorAa ouo 6u.no npeAcraBd'reHo eule B nepBo'saqa,'ilsofi aKBape,rfi Ha aKaAeMr.r,{ecxoii BbIcraBI(e 1833 ro-Aa, florrBLrJrcq raKori or3brB:

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<<3ro 6yaer [por]sBeAeHre, - BTopttr 3roMy or3btBy Apy.'rori, - [o"rrHoe yMa, AyIxI4, I]cKyccrBa... BMecro 3pHTereuBCe nopTpeTb! coBpeMeHHbIx ,1I.|{...- pa3yMeeTcfl, He ocKop-6are.rsuux, oAHaKo, A"III HpaBcrgeguoctu!>>

fIoA <<.u u qa lt u, ocxop 6aredltbHbl MH AJIr Hp a BcrBeHHocrH>>,Kprrrux B coorBercreun c oSnuflar'tbHbu\Iu B3f,qflAalvtu cBoeroBpeilreHu [oApa3yMeBa,r npocroHapoAbe, KpecrbflH. i{o xy-Ao)KIlr{x cyMeil .uoBKo o6orirn STor 3aflper: oH IIoKaSaJI cBoe-ro orua-MeuIaHfiHa; I{pecrbflHuHa O. CnenyuxuHa, Sacr'Iy-N{r4 Brrero n pfi 3il a H l,rff I(a K rlo3T-caM oyqKa ; KpecTbsl-ll'lHa-Bep-Xo;'i232 fI. 'fenyuxHHa, yALIBI{BIIIero BCIO cTo,lilqy reM, qroIioAHr{d'rcrr na unr{Jrb flerponaeroBci<oro co6opa.

CoeepueuHo uHaqe, qeM xyAolxecrBeHllaff KpHTirKa, or-Heccrr K ilo,'rorHy Hnxo.ryari. Ou sstcxagaJl cBoe FIeyAoBoJIbcr'Btle TeM, qTO f,'laBIIOe BHIIMaltl4e >l{HBOrIl]CeU COCpeAOTOt{Itr'I

He ria cqeHe Bcrpequ i1apfl c xaperori uaptlubl, He Ha napaAenoircx, a Ha gpr4Te,rqx. Aa n ern cyry6o <<rpa)KAaHcl{ue>>

Jrurqa He BbII{a3aJII4 Aonxuoil 3altHrepecoBallHocru I( Top}lie-crBy, oHIr cnoxolluo croflT, 6esyuacruo c[lorpflr l'la npollc-xoAflrr{ee I{ Aa)Ke xax 6yAro neperoBapfiBalorctl o cBolIX

!,€;'I2X.floxa nponcxoAl't,Tll sTIl co6btrua, l{uxaHop nyrelxecrBo-

Bax [o l(anxasy. Ba,rAatl, MocKea, Kypcx, Craepono,ru,Boeuuo-rpy3tiltcKan Aopora, Tu$nuc - raKoB 6lt.n efolrapuipyr.'HecNo,rrxo cor pltcyHxoB al(BapeJllto, cennefi s

nepox{ - TaKoB 6t l,r uror ero ttoe3AKlt. <<BcqKafl I(aprl{llaH. tlepHeqoBa AoKa3blBaer, qro oH 6onee n 6o,tiee ycleBaer'..

eo

OrAelxa nJreHnrer[,Hafl, Ktlcrb JIerKafl It flparrrHar, KoJloplrrxr.rsorl H csexuli... !,ericrsne ,ryueli ero Ha 6.ryHgxnx u oraa-JreHHbrx nJraHax BbrpaxeHo orJIHqHo)> -- TaKHMH 6u,rn xyp-HaJrbHbre orsbrBbr. 3a <BnA Tu$nnca> xyAox{Hplr{ noflyqnJt38AI{HC AKANCMI,IKA.

TpyaHo ltepeoqerrHTb xyAoxecrBer{Ho-nosHaBareJrbfloe3HarreH[e arux Ha6pocKoB, c Koropblx rroroM 6una cAenanuHuxaHopou 6ontruve Kaprr.rHbr. B nureparype roro BpeMeHu,oco6euso B [pexpacHbrx crr,rxax u npo3e flyurrnrra lr .IIep.MoHroBa, no6unapnrux B rex )Ke Kpaflx (Jlepuonroey AoBe-"rocs 6urt sa Kaexase HecKo,'rbKo nos4uee), Bbrcry[a.ryaB"IIeKyIrIafl Kpacora cHexHbrx ropHbrx xpe6ron H rrJroAopoArHbrx AoJrHH, TeMHbIx y[IeJII-rfi tr ulvMHbrx llpuqyA,'rr.tBbrx ro-POAOB. H-O epnrentHoro [peAcTaB,'reHHfl o npl,IpoAe 14 srHo-rpaQllu Kasrasa pyccr(ar ny6.tuxa He HMeJra, He cqnTarrxpaftHe Mad'roqr{cJrenHbrx H cnyuaftnnx KaprHH M. tr4aauor-ias <D. Anerceena.

f"nepo o"a-noa*urro""Jracb c BilAaMu l(anxaaa Booquto,rax 6u coBeprxr.tB yBJreKareJrbHoe u o6croflTeJrbHoe nyre[re-cTBfie c c.aMEM XHBOIUiCTIeM rlo BeJrHqecTBeHHb[\r oTporai.lrop, I]o .TIHKHM AOpOraM, MLrMo CKaJ], Carlefi H pyr{H craptrH-Hbrx Kpefiocrefi. PaccnaarpuBafl aror cBoero poAa )KHBonHc-uurri AuenHrx, nerep6yplxllbr, He cxoAr c ruecra, no6usantts Kapra,'tHHl.lu u Kaxerwu, A1xasuvr t4 Ha pyccxo-rypeuxoiif pa rruue.

llo sceri BepoflrHocru, flyurxnu 3aKasaJr nna4ureuy tlep-llel{oBy nu4 !,apnaJrbcKoro yqeJrbfl, noroMy qro r{a 9ro1\{IIpoHgBeAeHnH HMeercfl [oMerKa xt4Bon]tc{a: <<flucasa 5tr,raI{aprlrHa AnR flosra A. C, I-lynrKrrHa>>. A oqent BosMo]r{}to,rrro xyAoxHHK, crpacrlto .[to6l.rsuuti crtrxu rlogra, cfleulja,'Ib-no Harr[car'r AJrr Hero srot neilsaN u noAapnJr el,ry. TaxoliTotlHo neirgax BHcedt Ha creHe oruoft tig Kot\IHar noc,relrrefinyruxaucxoli r{Baprr.rpbr. Cmorprtl,r rra rrefo a BCIloMlttiaerr.IIepuoHrona:

B r.rry6oliori recnnue ,4,apsn.ra,fAe poerca Tepex ao rrl'.ie.CranurruaR 6arius croq.ia.gepiren rra uepHofi cKa.re.

Tyr ua cxaae Aericrnnre"ruuo uso6pa)Keirbt pyur{br cra-pHuHori KpenocrH. Crr,ruHoe Bneqar"rrenHe ocraBJIfler gTorneilrsax: BeAb r\,tbt 3lJaeM, qro 14r\t ,tro6osa,tcs llyurxrrH, TocKyflB xor'roAloM qonopFror{ flerep6ypre lto r.aJreKoMy Kanxa:y,

40

no cBo6oAo"'rrc6uBblM cblllaM rop. A eule Han{ HpaBLIrcfl sTorflefisax( noroMy, qro olr KaK 6br c6,lrlxaer [IyurrHHa u "rlep-rvroHroBa. B cauou AeJre: To, uro uso6past Jt xyAo)KHUK H qeM

rracJralKAaJrcn flyuxr.rH, - BocrreBaa .Ilep,l.routoe. A uexolo-pbre I43 qepueqoBcKux aKBapeJlefi, nanpuuep nu4 I'oplt, orlel{bHanoMKHaror nosAHeiluHe JrepMouroBcKr.re pucyHKLt.

flo Bo3BpailreHnu c Kaeraga, e 183l-1832 roAax,Hnranop I{epHeuon cocror.r'I Ha cnyx6e npu <<ltlcaarneecroitnoMHccHr,r 14 rrocrpoeHlru A,rexcasApoecxoft KoJIoHHbt>>, a B

cJreAyroqeM foAy nocrynr{,rr K uonopoccuftcKoMy reHepa.ry-ry6epHaropy M. C. Boponqoey. Ao 1836 foAa xyAoxrrllKHaxoAHJIcfl e Kpuny. C rulare,rruocrblo [I TexFII,IqecKIIM Ma'cTepcTBoM, npl.Icyull.IM KaBKa3cK[NI aKBapeJlflM, BbInOJIH]IJIoH u MHox(ecrBo xuBorrncHbrx 3apucoBoK l(puua.

B saqa,re 1836 roaa 6paru Bcrperl'IJlficl. OHs pemH"nlIilo6usaru Ha poAHHe r.r noexaJllt e JIyx. flepeltu AeJIoM oHH

oTKpbr.nH TaM My)KCKyIO IHMHa3HIO, fiaMflryfl, KaK Ttlxe"l0rrpnxoAl4Jlocb I4M caMHNt 6es o6pasonauus. flocerltnfi ollltI(ocrponny, IOpleneu 14 poAHHy KHfl3fl flrvrurpr.ra flox<apcxo'r-o-ropoAox flypex. OuapooaHHble poAHbIM flosor'IlKbeilt,ero npr{poAoii, [aMRTnHKaMLI crapIIHbI Ii soAqecrBa, 6e3rtc-riyclrori xrI3HbIo r{apoAa, 3aAyMaJIn oHI.I HoBoe fpaH/r(Ho3lloerrpeAnpr{srlre - co3Aarb [oJIHyIo tt no4po6Hyto fiaHopa\ry6eperoe senfixoli pyccliotl peKH LI or.ILeJIbHbte Kaprultbl ee

ropo.r,oB ll ceneHuii.OHr nanncaJla npouerrue B NlrlnncrepcrBo l{Mneparop'

cKoro ABopa, yKa3aB uerb nyrelxecrBtrfl. flo Aelnxarsocttlrrarypbr t{epueuonu o cy6cu4ttr.r He [poclr,'Iu - 3ro noApa3y-MeBaJrocb cauo co6olo. MuutrcrepcrBo ornpaBI.{"'Io uHpKy,'IlpHa r'rNrfi rrpesnAeHTa aKaAeutrn, B Koropoll 6eccrpacrno asna'rano npocl6)/ xyAo)KHHKos 14 Ao6agrfl,r'lo, tITo IIpIrHflJlo iuepbl<<no cHa6xeulrrc t{epueuoBblx orKpbrrblMlt npeAnHcattLInMIr4,rn 6ecnperrflTcTBeHHoro ucilo,,THeHt{n t.tx flpeAnpatrlrfl>>.

I-Innarux Aerrer Hr.r Mr.rHl{crepcrBo, Hn aKaAer'Illfl FIe AadrH.I,l "rurul nocu,rbrtyto, KaK BgAHo oqeHb He3HaqlITe,'IbHytoiloMoulb oKa3aJ'ro onrrrb-TaKH o6ulecrso noou]peHHfl xyAox-rrirr(oB. Orxaglrsas ce6e so oceu, QepHeuoBbr B reqeHHerrecl{oJrbr{r{x r,recrlueB cxottu,'iH eure KaKyto-ro cyltuy. HaBCe 3TU CpeACTBa I{ynHJIn OHI{ B PUI6UUCXe (<TllxBlll{l(y>> -6o,'rrruylo "fro/Ii(y, ylpaBJlleMyto napycoi\'l u Bec.ryallH, rrepe-o6opyAoeanu ee na,ry6y noA Aor{HK, HaHfl,rlri xo'vaug,y. floxaBce sro ycrpar{BaJlocr, npll6un x HI4h,r us .Ilyxa lt,iraruruiiirrecTliaAUariIal€TIIHfi 6par flo,ruxapn, Tolxe rotoeHsluttiictl

ql

Bcry[Hrb Ha repHucrbirl nyrb xyAo>KHriKa, n Aurou tr4nauoc,xpenocruorl KocrpoMcKoii nol,leurllurrr, orrryuleHHtrii <<na sa-pa6orxH>.

22 t$aq lB38 roaa (<ruxBrrHKa)> r{eA.rreurro ABHHyJracb B}rH3rlo rerreHlaro. Bce qerBepo Boopyx(r{,'Ir1cb KapaHAau:auu. Ha3apaHee npuroronneHHuri pyd'roH nrzcqerl 6ylraru A.nrruoircBbrrrre TpexcoT Tpr:rAuaTr.l caxeuerl oHH cTaJrv 3aHocr.rTbpe,rle$ o6onx 6eperoe H Bcero Tofo, rITo HaxoAr.rJrocb ilaHrrx - crpoeHurr, AepeBbrr, xna[6uu\a, V san6onee [puMeqa-TeJIbHbIx Mecr ocraHaBJIHBaJIHcb, BbIXoAHJIn na 6eper, 4ena-Jrrd 3apr.rcoBru. Tar noflBnJrracb ptrcyHKu, npeBpaqeHubre 3a-TeM B Kaprr.rHrr <<BHA ua Bo,rre or ceJra fopoluqe Kocrpou-c_x_oi_ry6epHr.r_[>>, <>, <>,

<<Ha Bo,rre n Cnna6zpcxoli iy6epHua>> u MHoro, Mnoro Apyfnx.OHu eHnolllunu neftea)Ku BeJrIIqaBbIx, nopoctililx neconr'Xlr-ry.neli, orKyAa orr{pbrBaercs rrlrpoKoe pa3AoJrbe Bo,'lru,HaroMrlHafl o 6ucrpux JraAbflx Crenasa PasuHa. Osu no-Kasa[rvr [p[qyA,'rr.rBbre, HrrKofAa Ao roii rropbr He neo6pax<ao-IIIHecr rreqepbr HaNsefi Bo.nru. OHE socnern 6ecxparirurecrenn H pocKorxHble ,ryra 3aeonxts. OHn ganeqar.ne.nH nceBrlAbr cyAoB, To nJraBHO CKOJIbSflrrlr4x rro BoAe, To HecyulHXcsHa KpbrJrbrrx Berpa B 6yprc.

Sanr-e-qareneH pr.rcyHoK HuxaHopa gepuei-iona <>. XyAoxHlEN croflJr Ha er,lcoKorl rope rrogaAr4 Kocrpouu,H eMy oTKpbrBar'lacb Bcrr naHoDaN,la ApeBHefo pyccKoro fopo-Aa c ero MHoroqIIc,'leHHbu\fH caAaMLI, ABOpaHCKIZMTa OCO6Un-KaMH, npocreHbKr{Ma AoMHIxKaMa, qepKBauu.,IIuiIo 6o,rruo-IO TOpTOBOTO ropoAa, Hepa3pblBno cBfl3aHHOrO C rUl.rpOt<oripexoli, gro Bor'IbforHo Hecer cBou flcHbte BoAbI, salleqar"irenoxyAoxHr.rKou "uro6onlro. Ou 6epe>l(Ho nepeAa,r ece noApo6-HocrIr orxpblstuer?cq flepctreKTHBbr, Koroparr oxlrBr'reHa qeJro-BeqecKriiun Slrrypauu nepBofo niraua: KpecrbflHi{a, He crietuar.rA,yx{ar no BoAy; rpyflna nrcAeli, or.q,btxarctt{ilx noA pa3Be-cHcTbrM AepeBoM.

Xoqercs paccKa3arb eue o6 oAHoM yAuBrire,rrbr{o:d rrpo-H3BeAeHHa 3Tofo qrzK,'ra - o co3AaHHoM l,IeaFroeorHr nuyrpen-HeM BHAe Hx nepeABr4xHoro AoMa-,'roAKr.r. flepeg Hat{H ABeKor,ruarbr, pagAe,rreHubre fiepefopoAroil c orKpr]rrbrl,r npoxo-Aou. V oKHa HaA npaxo,uoroii K AocKe 6ymarofi cxnonuacsfpuropr.rr?. Os nornnAlrBaer B oKHo rd cprrcoBbrBaer rrponrr,r-ealou{ar? MHMo JlaHArua$r. OH BbrcoK pocroM, y Hero N{rrrK}{eqeprbr Jrr4rfa, BHI cyry6o Aouaursur?: oAer B AnnHrrono,rujixaJrar, Ha roJroBe Hoquofi r{oJrrraK; BHAHo, eule gaHHuaercn

42

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yrpo. CJreBa, 6oKoM Ha cryJre cr.rAur rollorua. Onupancr uacfirlur{y cryJra, oH qr{Taer Kr{ax(Ky. 9ro - flonrlrapn. Bclero rro3a Bbrpa)KaeT HeTeprreFlr.{e: Br4ArrMo, o}r x{AeT He Aox(-Aercg ceoefi <<cMeHbI>>, oH roroB Torqac Bclioqnrb u 3aMeHIaTb6para.

flrasaHr're tlepHeqonbrx npoAoJrxaJrocb Bce ,'rero. VxeBonry cKoBbrBa,no ,rIbAoM, a JroAKa Bce nJrblrra n nrnrna. t{ep-HeqoBbI Bo r{To 6u ro HH cra"lro xoreJltl Aoiiru Ao cauoiiAcrpaxauu. VI npttut B copoKa ceMrr Bepcrax or rree c.nyt1p1-

aocb ueue6exuoe: JroAKy oKoHqarefibHo 3arepJlo JIbAalrrt.flossrlnucr npo6ounu, npor.t3orxJra aBapltfl. Ha nouoqs no-AocrreJrn Kpecrbflrre. Ec.nn 6u He ol{n - Tyfo, a Molrer 6urr,[r oqeHb xyAo np]runocr 6lt BceM Ha roAKe n noru6,'rn 6r,rueuuerlurae pHcyHKr.r.

I{epueuoou coruJrlr ua 6eper. OHn ropnuo no6.naro4apnnucnacare;refi a rroAapr.rJrr{ KpecrbflHaM JroAKy co BceM ee cHa-pn)KeHr.reNr. Mecqq [pox{HJrr.r oHL B Acrpaxauu, npnBeJrr.r B

noprlAoK pncyIrKH. Kor,qa ycraHoBHJrcs cauuufi nyrb, rpouy-Jrr{cb B o6parHyro Aopory r.r Jrr{urb B HaqaJre sHBapfl npu6u.nnB CTOJTHUy.

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llerep6ypxr{br yAr.rBJrnr'rrzcb rpoM aAe rrpoAe,'raHHoro rp y-4a. Bparta 6es r,o_Hqa BbIHaMaJrfi Bce r.roBbre H HoBbIe pncyr{-xu, tta6pocxl.t... Kasa,trocb, r.rM KoHrla-Kparro ue 6y4e-r. Ho,

41

KaK rllr cTpaHHo, Hr{KTo He npeAraraJr nocoAetcrBoBarb Aai,i(eux ,l{3AaHHro. llpuurnocl o6parnrlcn K uapro.

,<locyAapr aNrneparop,-coo6uaa xypuaJt <<CerepuaaIlqeJra>, - paccMorpen noprSenu aKaAeMHI(on t{epnerlonnxn no)KeJraJr, qro6ut ontrcaHlle n pHcyHXu 6HnH usAaubl B cBer.,-Tto6nrenu r.rgflurHoro, KoHeqHo, orIeHflT n noAAePxar rpyAAoctofisux xyAoxHHKoB, Koropble c nocroflHHoil penuoctltoH CaMOOTBep)KeHI{eM COBepIXA,'IH eAUHCTBeHHOe B CBOeI\{ poAeflyTelrlecrBr.re, Koropoe o3HaKoMLIT Hac l{opotle co MHofuill}]CIIIC HCHCCJICAOBAHHbIMH tIPE]I.il{CTAI\tU, OTHOCRIIIHMI4Cfl TO.;rialrero oTeqecTBa>>.

'..Ho,- 3aMeqa,'I eAuHcreeHHHii AopeBo"'Ilouuongr'll:i uc'c"rreAoBareJrb rBoprrecrBa tlepHeqoertx fI. CtonnsHcxttfi,*raK KaK rro)KeJraHLIe uMrleparopa Hnro,ras I He conponoxAa'Jrocb He ro,rtKo xaxann-nn60 accHrHoBallueM Ha HSAanile'lto Aa)Ke rlpocrblM noAapKoM, To, Kolter{Ho, <<.nn6llreJlH II3Rul-iloro>> HaIIrJIu, qro rpyA qepHeuoBblx, MoNier 6url, n tpall'AHO3eH, HO TpaTI,ITb Ha II3AaHHe ero AeHbrH Bo BcflKOM C"ryy-

qae He ctonr. Bce seAl SHad'lH, qro ecJIH l'IMrIeparopy Hnro-,'r3ro I uro-uu6yAb [oHpaBHTcff, ocraHoBKH B AeHe)KllolrlorHoIIIeHlIrt He Mox(er 6url; ltllnacrp tfnHaucoB, ycJly)KrrH'eHri I(aHxpHH, HailAer BcerAa rpe6yeuote cPeAcrsa... TueruoxyAoxHr.IKn HcKa"'m noKpoBHTeneil - ux lte HaxoAllJlocb>>.

Pyun"rucl Bce Meqrbl 6paroen 9epHeqooux. Ho cAasarb-cr oHIt He xoreJIH. I4cno,rleya cBoe fipaBo BocnHTaHIIHKoBaKaAer\{!Ia, oHII fioexad'Iu s l4ranuto, 3axBar]Ie flo.nurapnan Aurona lleaHosa. B Puue npo)KuBana KonoHllfl pyccKHXir(r{BorrucueB. Bcrpeurnurncb c I{HM}I, repHuii cBoeMy Mero/ry

llllcoBaTb BCe npl'rMer{aTeJlbHoe, [OJIb3OBaTbCtl KaX(AblM Cr'Iy-rraeilr galeqarJrerb sau6onee HHTepecubtx coBpeMeHHHKoB,fplrropuft nn[Ier Kaprt4ny <<Pyccxue xyAo]KHIlKH s PllMe>.y >xnsoilHci{r,rx pa3Ba,'rHH pH}lcxoro Kontlses oH aso6paltraerc r{arypbr rflaBy pyccxoft KoJIoHLIIt Kpnnqoea, xon$epeuu-ceKperapt AxaAelttitr xyAoxiecrB fpttroponttua, >KuBolll{c-rtrg A. ['lsauoea, Aiisasoecxoro, EpyHu, cKyJlbnropa f]nnte-noBa rr i,rHorr4x Apyfux, scero 6o,'Iee rplrAqarrz qenosex. Kaxlu n <<Ilapa4e na l]apnrlbluou r'ryry)>, A,r'In Hel{oropblx xyAoxi-rurKoB - 3To eAi.tHcrBeilHoe Hx rloprperHoe nso6paxeHlte.

Huxauop rer\t Bper{eHeM lllrca't neftgaxu. Ho rnaellbt]u3anflTueM 6parren 6llna HeusneHHafl pa6ora HaA Kaprl4llaNIIIrro BOJIX(CKril\{ 3CKH3alvt. XyAO>XnrKtl B cBoI4x IUacTepcl(ltxBricraBJrfl./tr{, [o cBlrAereJlbcrBy oqeBI4AueB, <<BIIAbl pyccKHe,oio6ellno Bonrn>>. Coner axalt,eMHLI B orltere o AeareJlbHoc'rlt

45

xyAox{rrr.rKoB rrr{ca/'r : <<VqeHrre so O,rop eHIlr.rH AuBHJT r{cb, BrrAflTo,rrbKo ro, qro rrpeAcraB,rflnn nopr$e.rlu 6parlea tlepueuo-BbIX, flpoexaBlurzx Bo,rry r.r 6Hsrurrx n TuS.tnce, I(punry uOcrser?crux npoBaHqlrsx H aursx !>>

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Axa4elrna enAa,'ra xaxiornry [o rbrcqqe py6neii. Ha qroxe ynorpe6unu LIepHeItoBbr oru Aenlrn? Ha upno6pereHl'IeAolra? Ha o6saeeAeHlre l4N{yqecrsoNl? Ha pasn,leueriss? Haycrpoilcreo, HaKoHeiI, cer{eliHblx oqaroe? Hnuyrl ue 6una,ro:Ha Lr3A,aHr{e sa csoli cqer BHAoB Bocroxa. Bcex AeHer xsa-rr.rr'ro Jrr.irrrb Ha Bbrnycr{ qerblpex rerpa4eil c nurorpaQupo-BarrribrMr4 pr{cyHKaMu. 14 ongrr no,'IyHuqee cyulecrBoBallue,orlgrb H3btcKaHrre cpeAcrB A,'rr npoAoJr)KeHHfl Ae,lla, 6e3 Ko-Toporo Fre r\.{brc,'rHTcfl }Kr.t3Hb. Onsrr npHXoALITcfl exarb B

klranurc <<4,'rfl coBepueHcrBoBaHvx'>>, v6o ro,'IbKo Ha arlt.xyc,'IoBHtIX aKaAeMfirr BbIAaBa,'la AeHbru <<Ha npo'e3,ti >>.

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Aail- 6or, 3apa3IIdTCr peBo,rrcufioHHblNlu l4AeflMIi. Bce xeAuroH trInauon, [o,ryq]iBlxt4ii x ronty BpeMeHu sBaHne xyAo]K-HvrKa, Ha ceofi crpax il plrcK ocra!'tcr s tr4ranuu. Bepnyrlcnoll, itaK <<IIgt\{eHlII,tK>>, y)Ke He cNtor Il yMep Ha uyx<6uue e

1863 roay.flo nosepaueFlllu t{epHeqonu BIIoBb o6tteaior lloporu

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47

ropr4r n Huxanopa t{epHeqoeux: <<Onrr He Bi:rrxoArrr H3 cno-efi iuauepn> (n. H. llerpos. <<Marepua.lbt ri ficropr.ru r.{Mrrc-paropcxoil AraAelnlr xyAo)riecrB>), rou III, irp. 2l i ).3ror AoKyr,{egr - rreo6trqaiino r(pacHopequBoe cBHAe-TelbcrBo Hr{KoJaeBcxoii anoxu, y6ur'icreeuuafl xapal(Tepuc-ruKa cai\,roro uaprr. .[,a, xopouoearrHtiri Cxa.uosy6, cBHpo-n:lr:r col4acfoH c oJloBflHHbil\ut f.{a3a}IH, I{e fipIl3IIaBar HLt-Kar{oro scKyccrBa, KpoMe Boer.tHoro. Bor noueuy, o4o6pnnsaAaHue aKaAex{Hr.r fpuroparo t{epueuony uanucarr <<ha-paA rla {apHqutnorr ,ryry>, oH yKa3ar, qfo6u 3ra KaprlrilaBbrloJrnaJlact no o6pa:uy no,roren rreMeqKofo 6aranucr.aKpnrepa. fiueonnce{ 3ror HecKasauuo rropaAoBaJr Hesa-AoJro nlpea rein Huxo"rarr, rroAap[B eMy ceofi orpouHr,rilxo"'icr <<Boeuutrri napa4 a Eepnnue>. 3a gro Kprcrep no"ay-lrr{J],. IIOMUMO Ha[paa oT i{apg, [oqeTHoe 3BaHIIe aI(aAeMLII(apoccailcrux xyAox(ecrB. OAHaro, KaK il{br sHaeM, fpuroprriitlepHeqon He olpaB1a.l no4o6uux HaAexA, H6o eHr.rn{aHr{ecocpeA,oroqfl,n He r{a qapcKoii oco6e H ue Ha soficxax. ,[,a.ru-Heiiuraq AesreJrbHocrb tlepueqooux sce 6o.nee u 6onee or-BOpaqr.rBa.{a oT HHx npxcHblx r{apfl.

A lrexAy rervr, ec.lll.r 6u 6pdru noxe/raJrrj 3altrrMarr,urI{cxJlroqllTerlbtlo BoellHofi xttsouuctlo, KaKux 6u tongxo no-qec-reli HH yAocrotad'rucb oHl4 npH r.rx raJraHTe n 6ecnpaucir-Hoii rpyeocnoco6socra! Ho nolonnuru co6oft urepeiry c1.-xr.rx cKyr{irbrx 6alanucroB Tn[a Bunnesa,'rsAe u Koqe6v orirHe noxeJra.[n. iJe pa6onencrny nepeA crlJtbHbn\rrr ruupa ceroyqn"'r Hx orer{, cKpoMuuli t<ocrpoltcnofi nKoHofluceq, H er.ottorroutHrrK, crapruuft 6par nx EnrpaQ. Oreu u 6par, pasrunB Hrlx xyAo)r(ecrBeHuuir ranaHT, npI{3BaJru rroJroxtrrb Bcecnd'rbl r{ a ad'rra p b cdrryx(eHurr oreqecrBy. flpeHe6pera rr JrHqHr,r Nr

cqacrbeM, orr,aJr*t oHr.t Bcro >ru{3Hb 6naropo4rrofi rle.nn: ocra-Brrrb noroltKau KaK MoxHo 6oaee xyAoxecrBelrnblx aol(v-rrterrroB o Poccl.trt 20-50-x ro4oe 4eonrHaAuaroro cro,rernj,.3ry rpau4uo3uyrc gaaaqy BbrrroJrrprr'rrz oHH c qecrblo, camo-orBepxeHHO.

Cnona Hnxo,ryas o roM, uro t{epHeqoau yrrprMcrByrur,(<He BbrxoAsr Hs csoeii rraHepbr>, npou3Ber'rr{ csoe 4eircroire.C re.r flop lrn oAua Kapruub UepueuoBbrx Ha ariaAer\,llr{re-cKIrx BbtcraBKax IIe Bbi3btBana "rrecrHoro o$rtqua.ntHorooT3brBa-

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45

rpnuecxu rreperrllcaB efo H cAe,'taB K Heluy MIIo)KecrBo ptl-cyrrKoB, neAuocflr oun JTor 3r(3er\InJlflp rIoBoMy uapto A.ncr<-carlApy II, uo He yAocrauBalorcs Aaxe o6uenplllllroro B

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noco6ns or focyaapn Huneparopa. A o 3arasax It B rIoMIt-rie uer', Bce r\,rou MarepnaJlbr co6paHbt c sentlqariul.IMll rp]'-AaMlr c noxoiilrrtu 6parom, ro 6narocnoeeHuori pexe Bonre,n Kprrny, Ha KasKage, a [Ia.rtectflHe... Bce aro co6paurte oc-Tae'rcfl n sa6eeHntr, orqero I{eBoJIb}to Bxo)Ky B AoJItI'l. Cxo.'tt'6nr ne,lsxo 6u,ro lroc cqacrbe, ecnu 6tt yAocrot4Jlcq Bpel\{ell-Hum noco6uell, a parHo tt 3aKa3oM tiaxnx-nH6o BI.{AoB 3al\'le-qareJrbHbrx n PoccnH HJIri Apyfnx Mecr B MoeM poAe xnBotltt-cr{... MHolo 6rt oxusltno Ayx uou, c KoHM foroB BCerAa rpy-Ar{rbcfl, 4a6u onpanAaru ce6l n npocs6e>>.

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rlepes HecKo,'tbKo "rer HuxaHop upn6eraer K IIoc,'IeAHellycpeAcrBy-npoAaer 6ecxoHeqlto Aoporrie eMy qerblpe nopr-$e.na c pIrcyHI(aNII{ 6para u co6crseuublMrt. Ou yruo,rnerroJrbKo o6 oAsou: <coxpaHt'trb o6tunpHue rpyAbl... qro6lt nelrorrtH coBcem norn6Hyrr B Heu3BecrHocru, a npliHecru noJIb':+y>>. Axa4elrr{fl HagHaqrl.ra 3a HHx qerblpe rr,IcttqH. Cylrna3ra Bbrr.rraqHBa,'racb B paccporrKy no 365 py6leii B roA: at(a-Ae tI HrrecKoc\ il a q a,ll bcTBo <<3,{p a Bo>> p accyAllro - <<II p eKJIO{ I -

49

riLie ,,teTa il 60Jle3iletIrioe cocToglil{e ocTaBueroca eule B }r(lr-Bbix aBTopa a,'ib6orroB He pyqaroTcfl 3a efo Ao,lrofieTue)>.Pacqer oria3aJrcl Aari,rroBuAlrnrr. ll rHBapfl 1879 roaa Hu-tiailop LIepHeilos cKoFrrraJicq, rreAonoryr{t,te 6ontueir qacrlro6cuarrsoir cytlubr.

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snlr ler!.. Ho cauoe rraBHoe, tlro coBep[IeH]Io O[pOBep-raer fuflore3y o cavroy6Hilcrse, TaI{ 3To rularer-lb}Ioe'BAyMqilBoe H3yqeHI{e ero 6uorpaQrail, rBopqecrBa' fer,aror .{efloBeK He Mor rlocrylurl noAo6uum o6paaou!

floc,reAumn Spasy oHa npol'l3Hec,ra oco6esno y6ex4eu-uo. H usAn ua upexpacsntt axBapeJlbHblfi noprper IoHotrIH-

nosra, Mapnn IOPleaHa 3aIuerHJIa:

- Hacko.nlKo r 3llarc nxouorpaSu.Io' rlosT 6un calruuKpacHBbIM H3 pyccKl'tx, Aa, Iloxa.nyii, H sapy6exuux rllca're.nefi. Kpacory n 6naropoAcrBo- ero JIHUa Mo)KHo cpaBnltrt!,noxanyr, ToJIbKo c 6aftpouoru. 14 noayuarr, ToJItJKo' eMy lle

6uno u ABaAuart.t Aeyx ner!

B roriue Qenpa.nn 1825 roaa Y Aorua Haputuxl'tublx' B

Mocxse rla llpeuncrencxont 6y.nrnape, ocraHoBur'Iocb Ile-

cr{oJlbKo ,rterKl'Ix tloBo3oK, Kpblrblx l{3HyrplI MexoM' rIpuexan-IIIUO BXOAI{,rIH B AOM, a JIOUaAH H [OBO3KI{ OTIIpaBT'IflJII{CI' B0

geop. B ocBerlleHrrbrx KoMHarax 3a urTopaMu 3aN{eJ'IbI(aJIri

TC}IH.B ror eevep B AoMe Hapuruxuublx rraBa <<Cenepuoro o6-

illecrBa)> Aexa6p[cr l(on1parnri Oe4opoeHu PtrreeB rtrlra,'lcBoH n/raMeuHtre <<!,ymur>>. 3Aecl 6r,rn bAuH r43 pyKoBoA.lrTe-.rrerl <Cenepnoro o6qecrBa>> EBrerrrzft O6onescNiili H apyrIlynrxzHa rio ,,iuuelo -tr4sal fIyurHH. Cpeau roc.reii sax"o-Au,'rcfl u ranauuit poAcrBeHHr.rr( xo3rrurHa Aoua Mrrxauna l{a-pbrrxKr.rrra - A"uercasAD Koure,ree.

I{a apyrofi N<e Aeui oH BMecre c Apyrou cBoHm Iisarrorrl\upeeBcxHM nos6yx4eHuo AepraJr pyqr(y 3BoHKa y noA.be3-Aa He6o,rluoro ABopflHcxoro oco6nixa s Kpusoxonenuounepey,'rr(e. Flancrpeuy ApysbrM BbrrueJr crpoitHurl, u3fluurooAeru12 ABaArIarH,'reruuri r,ogorua c 6,reAriuNr JurqoNr - no3T,(nrnrpaft BeHesuruHos. 3Aecl )Ke K HrjM rro,u,oiue,l l{nxo,uarlPox<aruu, xllerxaii TorAa B AoMe BeHeBrrrrr]ioBbrx,

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r aK nHCaJr MHOrO JIeT CnyCTfl B CBOHX r.r3AaHHbrx 3a fpa-nrr rr.efi MeMyapax Anexcau4p Kourenee.

K rzcxoAy uon6pr rofo xe lB2S roaa e Mocxse cra,,ron3Becrno o Brre3anHofi claepru e Taranpore AnercasApa I.

Koue.[es foBopHT, rtro B Tor npoMexyror BperlreHLr, Toe^c_rl yexAy rroJryqeHrzelr ugsecrflri o KoHqr{He Hl,rneparcpaAnexcalrApa u o npoacrxecrBrrflx 14 rcxa6pst, oHH uacio,rioqrn exeAHeBHo co6apa,aact y &1. M. F{apilurxuua. V serococpeAororrnBaJracb Bce AoxoAflrque Ao A{ocNnu c./rvxr{ nH3Becrnfl rr3 llerep6y_p_ra.

_ O4rzu r.rs rrplrcyrcrsyroulrlx ua

ily^_9:!.Aax, KHfl3b H. L4. 1'py6eqrofi, aar,roriHr rpacirar o..rcrofo, TorAa KoMaHAOBaBrIero KopnycoM, pacno.rb-xieHHbrM e MocKee, 6pancn AocraBHTr, cBrr3aHgbrM cgocrolraqa,rbHuKa KyAa rrorpe6yerca. fIpe4,roxeuilnM 14 ttpeHr.r-er,t He 6uno xouqa. IOHorire Korueneny Ka3a,,Iocb, rrro Ar,rfPocclru yxe nacrynrrn senHxr4ri l7B9 roir.

I10 BOT tracTa,'t AeIIb, KOtAa BltecTo cTpacTHo OxilAaeilro-fo rr3Bec'r'IIE O H143Bepx<eHr.ru caMoAepxaBfifl npr{u,qo co-

EI

Bcer{ Apyroe: o Bbtcrpe!'tax }ia CeuarcNoii ruloilraAl{ e flerep'6ypre, o6 y6urux H palleHbtx, o6 apectax eoccranrutlx o$tt'rlepoB. tr4 crano scHo: BoccraHue noAaB.neuo. tr4Aer pacnpa'Ba HaA ero yqacrHzxantll. 3ro [pou3Ber'Io na BeHeetluluoBaltorpfl caroIrIee Aertcrelre.

Ilorou Bo3HHK.rrId HoBbre cJIyxIt, cBnAereJlbcroyer Koue'JIeB: ro)r{Hafl apMvfl orKa3aJracb [pllcflfarb HoBOMy {aploHxxonarc I n uAer na Mocxay Ar'Iff npoBo3fJla[IeHl{tl ceo6oA'goi.i xoscrnryrlfiu. A l,nn coeAptHeullfl c Hefi Asuxercn tl(o'6H ussecrHurl <n a6epaJrl4cr>> reHep a,'I Ep uo.noe.

Jfuo6ouyapu cHoBa Boc[pflHyJIH AyxoM. tr4 qro6H osna'Aerb Bor4HcKHr\{ ucKyccrBoM AJIr He[s6e)Kuoft, KaK Ka3aJlocbuM, pacflpaBbr c [peAcTaBLITeJIfiMLr CaMOAepXaBI4fl, UapcKH'l\{il II}IHOBIII4KaMV I4 reFIepaJIaMH' OH}l AaX(e Haqa,'II4 ex(e'AHeBHo e3AIIrb B MaHe>x n QextonanbHylo 3a,'Iy 14 TaKIII\{-Too6pasou roroBuJtucb K AettreJlbHocrl{, Koropyrc ce6e npea'HaSHaqaJIU.

I-Io ru"rru AHI{, a uuxaxofi nxHofi api\{ItH, HI{KaKl4x soiicxEpuo,roea Ha yJrlrqax Mocrett He IIosB,rIsJIocl. Haqa,rnct,apecrbl rut{, [pHLIacrnblx K BoccraHl{Io l4 4exa6pn'Apyslq BeHeel,traHoBa He coMHeBa,'lHcb, tITo Bd'lacrqM H3'

BecTHa vx, KaN oHH CTIIZTaJIL{, aHTHTIpaBI'lreJIbcTBerllrafl Aen'Te,'rbtrocrb, 14 a>K:nAar.H apecra. <<Mu, tttoroAelKb,- BCIIONIII-gaer Koue,'teB,- ltotirtr )KeJIa.IIH 6strr egqrstMll i] TexI crfl-xarb r4gBecrHocrb 14 MyqeHl,Iqecxllfr eeHeq>>. flpanxre.rlbcrByNe 6rt.na oqeBLIAHa ax Hertpfir]acrHocrb K BoccrallHIo' I4x

r'rar.rBHoe pbrllapcrBo, tITo JIu. Ho eAea pacnpocrpaHHJIl{cbc,nyxn o pacflpaBe HaA Aexa6pHCTaMI'1' ucnyranultit Klltl3bOAoencxra ri 3 a gB It,l o JI HKBI,rAaIIuta <<O6ulecre a,t to 6ouyApu n>>

r.{ rxBbrpHyJI B nbt,'tarcnrufi Naniuu ycraB H nporoKoJIbI.fopnxoe pa3oqapoBaHile oxeainno BeneeurllHoBa' A ryr

eule I{ 6esorBerHas -.[to6oel,

x ceercxol? KpacaBHI{e 3lluartAeBonxosct<otl. KorAa npou3olxr'lo pelluTerbHoe o6lRcuetllte,oHa oTBerHrra, qro ioToBa 6url euy JII'IIXb I(pyroM' Il rla rpo-uraHbe noAapuna 6poHronltit nepcreHb, orpltrufr npu pac-

KonKax ropoAa fepxynaHyua s \4ranuu',,B ceuin6pe 1826 roaa n Mocxey npHexarl flyut<ttu'

Huxonah I, ecrynunruuh na npecroJl, <<MHJiocrHBo>) ocBo-

6orun ero I{3 ccbtJIKI'l e Mnxaft,'IoBcl{oe' KyAa ceMb "Ie'r

Hasa1 ornpaBI4"t ero AlexcasaP LA,rexcau4p Cepreeeuu ocraHoBl4,rlcfl cHaqaJla y AflAl'l'

noera Bacn,r[s Jllsoeuua llyuxtltta, a [oroM y Apyra cBoe-

ro Co6onescKoro. Vrponr 10 ceurr6pr HaBecrl'lrr, rlo3ra,

[o3i(paBr.lTb'c ocRo6O]KAeHrIeM A3 CCbrJ-rKH nDHUrrH qaa-rtaeB, BeHeBur'tlr'on,_VlBaH KupeeBcKurl a Br.renrropcxnft.C BeHesrarr.rHoBblM flyruxuu aaeHo xoreJl nogHaxoMrlTbcrr.On c rrurepecona.. npouuraJt ero pae6op Kpr.rrr.rKH Huxo.ryartIoJeBoro nepnofr rJraBbr <<EsfeHltfl Onernua>, Aa KpoMe rc,-ro, oHI{ cocroffJrr.r c

^BeHesurfiHoBbrM B Aar,rbHeM poAcrBe.l2 oxra6pn 1826 roaa s Kpasor{oreHHoM repeyJrKe B ao_

Fte BeHesr.tfltHoBblx llyurxraH qnTa,r roJIbKo r{To Hanr{caH-uoro <Eopuca fo4yHoaa>>. 6unu se,,rfixlrri nonlcrrfi nosrAAau Mu_uxenuu, Eaparuucxufi, My3brKanr a ueqenar Bn-eltropcrurl...,Ilareparop n lrcropzi< IIoroAaH, npncyrcrBo-eanrilr4r:r rtpa rrreHHH, qepe3 copoK Jrer nltcar, qro KpoBb etonpllxoArrr B ABH;xeHHe nplr oAHoM Bocnor\{HHanun o6 eromqTCIIIIH.

^ flyurxtul oqapoBail BneqarJrHreJrbHoro H or3brBrrHBoroFJEHEBHTI4HOBA.

BeceAu flyruxuua c BeuesnrflrroBbtl,] npr4Be.rru r o6orcn-rioMy pel[enuro ocHoBarb xypHaJr <<MocxoscKufi eecrsHr>.r.BeHesnrauoB Ha.{es,.rcr npo[oBeAoBuro u n", ;";;;;;,.uIeHHbre HAeaJrbr, peluarb Screrr.IqecKue npo6,reutt. A ue;r.:_Ay TeM B,IIItTe"rybHbIe 3HaKOMbte ycHJeHHO ,*nonoru,o, o nor,peBo,{e BeHes[rnHoea n flerep6ypr, c reM qro6u orAa-.itltrb ero or 3nHanAu Bo.'lxoHcrofi.'

***, flo yntrnoMy MocKoBcro-nerep6yprcxoMv rpaKry exa,trr

ABa gKnltax{a. B oruo,lr cr.rAe,T Beirerir.rrunos,'s Apyrdpr Oirrru'lltuoBHHK H3 AenapraMeHra rDeaop Xor*nxos

-ri Opasuv:Doure. I locreAHH!i To,'rbKo qro BepHy,,rcfl a: HcpqraHcxu x

pyAHI.{I(oB, KyAa conpoBoxAaJr KHflrr.rHro Tpy6euxyro, yexaB_rlrylo K cBoeMy uyxy Aexa6pHcry.

bereBHTtrHoB paa 6u;r 6u lraxoAnrbcfl B oAHoM gKr4rra-,Ke c XoMnKoBbl\t a.rrH Boue, Aa, flepece.rrflflcb B flerep6yirrlraAoJIro, Be3 HeMaJIo aerqeri, nportlB ero )Ke,naHlIn ganv_

]11n"{,poAHefr. Bnpovelr, r.rHorAa Bce xie K HeMy rroAca.iri}r-eaJcfl .\oMfKoB, a BperteHailH u Boue.

Belteetrrfigos 6Hr'] Modtqa!'IHB rt leqanen. Ha Borpocbtcnyrllut(oB orBerra.r oAHoc"[oxHo, Ha rlpocb6y nouararb crtJ-xu-orKa30rr. flo BperrerJar\,t orAeprnBar tro,.rcrb 3Kt{naxarr

-5espaAocrHo fJrr{AeJl Ha rrr{trille re]!rHbre AepeB]IH, oilrio-r al p€_3 I{o-TocI{JI I,t B br e ilo f oc.r.bl, }t ycrbt e oc eHH fi e n oJrf .

n.iuorAa r{3 Kapn,talla ceoero (topr,reuuoro tt'lyHAapa, sa-

:6

TCii;'rHBO paCIXt4TOrO tO,'Iy6bIMIl t4 3OJlOTbtr,lll V:lopaMI',l, ollAOCraBa.rr qacbr, K [enoqKe Koropblx 6st.n npHrpenJleH qyryil-nrrii nepcreHl. BeHesfirHHoB noAHocI{J ero x rJla3aM, AoJIroBr!'IsAblBa.rICf, XMypltJICfl H TIaKOHeU IIpflTaJI qaCbl I'l Halnyx0

'lacrerl'lBail MyllAI'Ip... JIHUo nosra cHoBa acqe3aJlo B crofl-qCM BOPOTHI{KC, U PflAOIT,T CO CTIYTHI'I{OM BHOBb CIIAEJIA NPII'qyAdll{Bafl , HenoABH)KHas ollryp a.

Ha llocxoscxot? sacrase flerep6ypra, y lloJlocarorour.rar6ayua, 3KI-InaxH 3aAeplKa.rlt AoJIbue o6uqsoro. Ha-soiinNso-sex,rasHfi x{a HAap M cKuft poruucrp rpe6onare"rl bHo

noflpocri,4 ilaclopra. oH rlr{arenbHo npoqHral 6yMary tse-

HeBIITIIHOBa, KOTOpafl rJIacHJIa, t{TO TOT rIepeBoAI'ITCfl noc,ryx6e a flerep6ypn, He6pexHo npocMorpeJl AoKyl{eHrblXouqxosa u Borue. Ilototr't He c[eu]a BepHy,'I nacloprXounrony H, 3a,'IoxLtB sa o6ru,lar flac[opra BeHeellrfiHoealr Boure, o6parnncn K HHM:

- A nac, rocnora, [pou]y cre,[oBarb 3a NrHolo. BuapecroBaHbt !

BcrpenoxenHLIfi XoltnroB norJlfiAeJl .Ha cBol'tx ToBapH-

ruefi. FIb re 6lt.ltlt BHeIIIHe cnoKoiiHbl, a i{a "'II{ue Betresnrullo'Ba, K cBoeilly yAtIB"rIeHIrrc, XoMRxoB 3al\'leru.Il, Kax eilty IIo-

Ka3a,'rocb, Aax(e paAocruo-s;ro6Hyto y.llut6xy' :

BeHesHruHoBa fipoAepxaJllt oKoJIo rpex cyrox B cblpoM

u xoJIoAHoM nol'leuleHun raynrBaxrbl. ,[lonpoc eMy tlHHHn

reHepa,'r flotanon, Ha3HaqeHItblfi c.neAonareJeM rlo AeJly Ae-

xa6pncroe. Cpaey xe tto BblxoAe H3 raynrBaxrbl Flaqa,lcfl y

BeneeatnHoea cllnlHHfi KaIIIe,'lb H nepeMexamulltftcs osHo6'

l5 napra 1827 roAa, qepe3 rpn c JIIIIIIHIIM Mecrlra noc'leapecra, BeHeetlruHoB vMep. XyAolxuux A$anacler sapn-coBaJI nosra B rpo6y. Bonuucrute, KpacnBo pacqecallllble Bo-

Jrocbr ycradtlo naAaJII4 Ha npeKpacHltii eutcoxltft .1o6.

Teno noara B ruFIKoBol,l rpo6y AocraBHJlI'I FIa ero poAll-uy n MocxBy H noxopoHl{Jl}I lla KflaA6plue CltlIoHoea ;\'lo-

HacTbIpfl.Heox<llAaHuat u raHHcrBeltllo-Tporarerbtlaff cNteprb llo-

sra norpRcJIa efo apyseir tl roqHrare.nefr. flopasuJla oliaIlyurruria n Ae.nterira. ,II,enoeur flHcaJI flynrxr'rny: <trltt-

nufi Apyr, 6eAgoro BeHeeHt[tHoBa rbl yx(e, BepotlrHo' oil;la-xafl. 3uan, cMeprb ero Ao"'lxHa 6u.na nopa3lrrb Tcott)>'

IIymNlrlt, BCrtotltuHarcT coBpeMelIHHKII,. ropecrllo BocKJlllK-

ny.'r no aApecy nerep6yprcxux apysefi llo3ra: <<Kax ebl no-

IIVCTIIu-lli erO VrtePerul >" llo r\'locxne r'r flerep6l'pry 6lrcrpo pa3Hecr''Iacb \loJBa o

rr.i 6e.Tr{ [o3Ta-roHorll]r or crp acrnori,'Iro6Bn. Aanau yB,'reqeH-Ho fiepeltgcblBa,'tu e a,'Il6oMH craBII]ee xo.[,HTb B cnEcl{axcrurorBopeHue BeuesrrriHoBa <<I( uoenty ltepcrulo>>:

Tn 6uLr orpbrr B r{ofrre nslnrrrort,Jho6eu r,lauraraii gexonofi,tr{ crtoea nHJtH TbI ttorrr,'rtuoii3aneqan 6yaerur,, nepcrerrl uofi.

b,'Uu;"' rror?' aepusrri' ra,rro'r":'?lpaHu MeHf oT TTXKHX parl

LI cnera, H ro!'rnbl nuvroxuofi,Or eANoii xaxAbr cnantr noxuofi.Or o6o,rrcrzre,rlsoii lreqrorH or 4yurennoli irycroru...'e.nu'nporuuran,

, o"ri Mox(cr9ro xro-sri6y4t rrlofi npax BcrDeBoxrrr14 s ueilr re6n orpoer ilHoau; '

H cnona po6Kafl iro6osrTe6e npouenuer cyeBeprroCnosa r\ayqure.n*rrix cipacrerl,trI sHonr-rbr ApyroM 6lueurr iri,Kar< 6ura u rrHe, nrofi nepcreur eeprrurt.

besnpeiraeHuo cKp brroro <<M orr.rJr brrori ceu bro>> Beues t.lruHo_Ba cBrr3brBaJrlr c o6pa30M ,[IeHCi{Oro, HeseMHOr? uoSr-rrreqra-Te,Tb, Ar4BHbIil roHorua BeHesr.iruHoB B BOO6pa)r(eHrlil MHO_rfix coBpeMeHHilKOB Ipoue,'1 tio 3eM,,re co ceoc.fi cJ]aAocTFlo-cKop6Hofi r.r rotrHoft ,Tnpori. Cmepru ero nocBfirqa,{ncr, Ae-ctrTxr4 CTHXOB, B KOTOpbIx 6bl,'Irj <<,Ie6eAH>> H <<po3bl>>, <<My3bt>)rr << SJrTdpr{>>, <<q apbt >) H <<}Kp e5fi r.t)>. H a u 6onee cerrTr.il\,reHTa,ry b-HO IIaCTpOeIIHbIe ,TIOALI CO B3AOXOM BCTIOI{H}Ia,TIt I\{O-q.tlbterorAa crpoQbr er'rerHr{ )(yxoecr<oro:

3Aecr none,l rouollllr 6e:speuerruo coKpbr,tu;t{to cnana, cqacrue, IIe 3ua.rl oll B nlijpe ce]i,Ho lrysul or uero ,utua rre orBparlrJ,rir.l,l [reJ']a]lxoJrrH neqarb 6r,t"ra ua rrerr

ENero4Ho, l5 uapra, Apy3br BeHesHri4HoBa B reqerrlreMIIOTIIX JICT CKOP6HO, TOP>KCCTBE}IHO U MOfiTAJII4BO CI,I,[C,III3a [oMuHa,lbHb]M cTod'roM. OAHO r43 KpeCe.T fi OAIZH rr3 npH_6opoa, flo o6brqaro, HeH3NreHHo crorrJrH nycrbre. Co6panrufiir-cr Ka3aJrocb: TeHb BeHeBHrHHoBa He3ir.rMo frpHcyrcrByerIVIC)KAY HUMT. 3TO YM],IJIflJIO U IIPI-IAABAJIO OqAPOBAHHE TA.I{I{CTBCHHOCTI,I.

58

22 mons 1930 roaa x 6uoruelry Cnuonony MoHacrbrpronpu6uaa rpyfiila pa6orriar<oo Haprounprlca.- B cBnsu coffrocoM

-qacTH reppHTopnH MOHacTr,rpfl, ua roropofi Bo3Bo-

Il\nncn ABopeu KyJlbTypbr, nM nopyqa,'rocb oTbrcKaTL, Moftr-.ny Beneanr[HoBa r,r flepeilecrn ero npax Ha l-IosoAeetrquexnaA6uu{e. A{oru"ua 6una Hafi4eHa n pacxonaHa. floliasa"'rcrltuluKosr,ui rpo6. B Her{ JrexaJ xoporuo coxpaunrulrilcncKe/,rer. AurpononoroB fiopa3u,'ru cr{r.rbrro g rapMoHLIqHo pa3-ei{rufi qeper, MygblKaJIbi,ras pa3Brrrocrb na.ntuee. Ha'6e-3brMfluHoM rraJ'rbqe tpaaori pyKrJ qepneJr fiepcrelrb. flpopo-qecrBo nogra c6tt"rocu.

Beuepou rofo x{e AuR ocralrtH Bclreeuri.rHoBa B cneqn-aJrblro [puroroBaeHHoM rpo6y c Bog!,rox{eulrblMl{ Ha HefoIIBeTaMU 6tr,rs 3axopoHeHbr Ha HosoAeBuqbeM x.naA6r.rUe,rlle noKoflTCfl NlHOrUe BbtAaorqr.recfl nucaTe"nlr [1 xyAoxiHI,IKr{.

A uepe: HecKolrlbKo d'rer cpeAa qacrlr t\{ocKoBcKl.rx d,rnTe-parlrpoBeAoB rrpoHeccn cJryx, rrro rrpn Bcxpbtruu rpo6a py-xn noxoiinoro oKa3arr{cb He cr{peueHnbtMu Ha rpyArr, a ne-xaJIu BAo,rrb re,ra. Tax xopor{HJlu roJrbKo cauoy6iriru.

flpeAlo.tto>xern{e o carrloy6uric,rBe no3ra 6trro eorcxasa-rIO II B IICqATII.

flepcreHr BeHesn,,{Ho"; t;";" xpaHHrcn o gou;r,a.x .rIH-reparypHoro My3en. TpyaHo nepeaai u BodirrreHrie, KoroporlHCnbITbrBaeIIlb, KofAa BXOAUIIIb B 3TO CKpOMHOe oAItoSTa]K-iloe 3nalrfie.

...BHecnn Syrnap c 3aBerrrbrN,r coKpoBnuei,,r. Tnxo or-ripbrrTacb KpbtIIlKa.

Bor on, BHe[rHe HLrqeM He fipaMeqarenlHuri 6pou:oeuiiIlepcreHeK, 6es scqxux yxpaueHllii u neo6paxenllii, cnoerr,-,6 r,r,u ec No.n tKo rrp H n Jr rogryir,r ii, ae(iop u u poe a H rr H ii.

Aro HocIlJr ero B JrerelrAapr{oil4 fopoAe fepxy",raHyivre?^llo,roAas KpacaBuI{a rlarpHuuaHKa, ynenuaHuaR B AIltrnpa3AHecrB BeHKoM r43 nbrrrlHbrx u 6.naroyxaonlrrx poe?Her, cxopee ero floAapn,tl ceoefi HeBecre, a Mo)r{er 6uit, rcarr_oT{l{ npocroi:i macreponori qe.'roBeK, r(y3Her{.

B 1706 coAy nptn pac(onKax 3acbrrranHoro ner.:]o],r ropo-Aa rrarrrdiru <> a 3TOT fiepcrel{b. on norianB JraBKy aHT?tKB,apa, B Kod'tJreKlluro co6upareJlfl, a 3areM Knpriexanurerl uil Poccllu r{rtfl rr{He 3uiranle Bo,rxoncNori.

Bo3uo)rt.to, 3lrnau,l.a Bo.,rxortcxaq, 6rucrafl B cBoet\r 3lra-r\'rrrfitroNt I,roct{oBCt(o\,t ca,1oHe, IJoctt.ila ero. flepcrerib 3Tor _

60

cB rrleTeJrb n pocJI a BJrelr Hblx x,ly3blKaJlbHblx n xyAo)KecrBell tlblxBeqepoB, rAe sByqaru roJloca flyuxuua H llHuKesuqa, Eapa-TbIHCKOIO U BCI{EBIITHHOBA.

<<flpo'lreuae Ha Mocrey no ttpuxoru cBoero Kafiplt3tloroaoo6paxeuug ABop Anexcalr4pa I, nerep6yprcKtlft cser aVltailwto, oHa Heoxc4AaHHo trBrl'racb c fip]rcyqult eil eesAe6recxorrr s csoti IIacJleAcrBenHuft oco6HflK Ha Tnepcxoil,rocrenpnunHo pacraxHyaurufi ABepLI He roJIbKo qstofi roJln.eII{OCTpaHrIeB - neBUOB, aKTepOB, aHTI..lKBapOB, XyAO}KHI{KOB,lio lr sceri Mocrne,- cBltAereJlbcrBoBa,'r HcropuK pyccxoliJlureparypbr B. I(oruapoBfir{.- 3t-tHanAa Bonxoscxas oun-qa/lacb peAKo ncrpeuarcqeficn B x{eFIUlI.IHax IIe3aB[cI{-Mocrblo,

-npene6pexeHlteM cBercKrMlt yc,'IoBltocrnmu. <<Ce-

Beplafl KopuuHa> cMe,'Io nporuBorlocraBJlrd'ta flrt aprucru-qecKyro cno6o4y. O6.naAarelbHtlua npeKpacHoro foJloca fiKpy[Horo cqeHHqecKoro AapoBaHLIfl, oHa ItecKoJIbKo pa3 BbI-

cTyrlad'Ia B onepax Poccnsn Ha cIIeHax napHxcKllx It pHltvl-

cKHx reaTpoB; ee cqeHltqecKllrl o6pas B poJIH PoccHlll'IeBaTauxpeAa u XaHHu a'Apr fis ee co6creeHHoft orepbl,yBeKo-eeq&,'In cnoefi rncmn Bprcn,roe a 6pyHu. [IyurxuH Il Mnq,xe-sll.], EaparrrttcNutt ti BaeeNtcxilfi nocssrunlt <<uapnqe My3 lIKPACOTbI>) BAOXHOBCHHbIC CTPOKI4; BCTPEqAMI,I C HCIO B CBOCM

Beiiuape AopolKLrJI crapr.IK fete>>.3nuanAa Bonroscxan 6u.na crapue Beueotn'nuona, y

Hee yxe poc llnrHaAqarulersuft cuu. OHa IIoAapHJIa no3TyrrepcreHb KaK <<3aJror cocrpaAannR>>. KorAa IoHoIla yMI.IpaJI,

@eaop XontRxoe, corractto ero BoJIe, HaAefl fiepcleHb Ha

naJreq yi\{npaIoUIefo.

- Pasee R xenrcco? - cflpocttJl, oqHyBll]l.Icb, no3T.

- Her,- orBerr,t, XontsNos. Inaea BesesllrutloBa tla-NOJ''IH HJI IICb CJIC3 A M II.

Kax, u ttoqer'Iy Bo3Httt( Bonpoc o caltoy6ttt?cree noara?Bepcun o BogMox{Hou cauoy6ttticree BblcKa3aJI Aol(rop

$rr.nonoruuecr{Hx HayK B. H. Opnoe.' floer HaxoAfi"rcq e xpaftHe rpeBolKHoM Hacrpoerrult. B

fioc.ireAHeM ero fiucbMe (x floro4r.rHy) ecrl raKne crpo!{lt:uff yxe Bbr[Ie nrrca,T, r{To rocKa 3a}lyquJla MeHq. 3Aecu,

cpeArr xoJloAHoro, fiycroro n 6ea4yuruoro o6ulecrBa, fl --o.illIH>).

OAHaxo HII 3TI{, HIr apytne noAo6uue crpoKll He AoKa-3brBanr eure canoy6tlftcrsa no3Ta, reu 6o,ree qro prA AoKy-MeHroB xax 6yAro onpoBepfaer 3ry BepcHIo.

6l

<<.&{rr ornenu ero y Hnxo;ln Moxporo fi TeJro ero ornpa-Brlnr.i B Mocxny>>,- 3anHcaJr A. Koruenee. Carrroy6uiiu, raxH3BeCTHO, IIe OTIIeBaJlH.

C,rreAoeareu'rlno, BeHesun*roB vMep <<ecrecrBeg-Hoii c.ueprtrc>>. Ecrecrselruor? cueprr,io s AsaArrarl AsaroAa ? !

llonuraer,rct paso6parocn B noc,{eAHr.rx Mecquax eroxlr3Hr.t. Kcrarn, He coBCeM rrcHo, loqeMv BCe-Tar{}r oH Bbrexa,,re flerep6ypr.

C noslruenueM rro c,ryx6e sro He 6urno cesgauo. HaoroM HacranBailv poAHbte, Aa6H orsreqb ero or ry6urent-I{OII CTDACTH.

A ior qro flr.rcaJra HeKafl f]onuua HfiKonaeeHa ,IIaepeH-TbEBA:

^ <fonopt,'ru, qro oH 6exan l.ts Mocxeu, crpacrHo nrc6R

JHIIAIIAY TJO,'IKOI{CKYIO, KOTOPAfl XOJIOAHA K HEMY 6U.NA, Mr,Ixe 3HaJII4 Apyroe. O npHHa4.nexHocrr.r BeHeeraruHosa x o6-xrec'rBy (Aexa6pucros.-8. O.) snanu e Mocxee r{ Koe_Krolr3 cyAe6Hoii rradrrarbr, s oco6eHuoctu Jl...>>

Kro raxas n. H. Jlanpeurlena H orKyAa r.r3uecrno 3rorucr'lro? Ona 6u,ua 6nzsxori rrpxrreJrbnuu"eri A. f. Mypanr,_eeofr, xeHtr gexa6pucra Hsxniu Mypanleea. .,!,orr,ta" y uac9ot1^-,'rHXopaAoqHbre c6opn A,rei<caH4pu fpHroptenHr,ln Uu6zpl>>,- coo6uana otra B rom Ne nactnae. ndvNa.,raoHa rr c Bapeapori tr4eaHoeHofi .Ilaucxofi (He cnyualtHb""aro,-Baer ee <<BapeHtrofi>>), n 4oue xoropor? na Moilxe n >KvJlberreBHrrlHon. [IpeLcraBJrrroulee orpounuil rlHrepec nr4cb]roee enuHcreeHnr,rri pa3 6tr.'to ony6.luxoeaHo B KHrr-re <<4. B. BeHenurHrioe. flo,nHoe co"6paHne coul.luenali>,I 934.

IJo ec,ra o npr4jlaAJreiKHocrtr BetreearfiHoea x Aexa6pfic_Tani 3uar'Iu <<B,Tacrr.r rrpeAep]Ka[{r.re>> B Mocxee, qro unl bro-r,ro cnecrrrct c flerep6yprom? tr4 xro raxoir,IL? BuAruo, oHTor-,ta eIr1e 6ltl xue, u JlaepeurreBa He xore,ita, no Bnor,Illenorrstuot:l rIpHquIIe, I{asbiBarb ero tto/,tHoto HI\,reHI4. Koumeg-Tarop nrlcbNra, IrbrHe 3ApaBcreyrcqurl coaercxlrfi ucc,,reao-BareJrb rBopqgglu, BeHesaruHosa B. B. CuHpeHcNr.li, npe4_[o.[afaer, r{To aro rpaQ ,rIalr6ep, oAr.rH H3 rr,rreiloB c.rreAcrBen-rror4 KoMr.rccuv no aeny Aera6pucroB. B. B. CrurpeHcxl.rft,BliAl{MO, PaCnO,'taraeT AOKy[,teIITAM14, IIO3BO,rIflIOIIIIlMfi eNIVyrBepxAarb, KaK oH [Huler, uro rpa$ ,Ilali6ep ,,He pas na_[{e]iail'rfi Aar qyBcrBoBarb 3To>>, TO eCTb Vro cyAe6uor?-na,rarett3BecrHa rrpr.rHaA,'re)KHocTb rro?Ta x Aexa6pucrau.

62

flocre oceo6oxAeHtte n3-noA apecra, [po]KI'IBafl s fle'rep6ypre y ,IIaHcxux H noceu{afl c.rryx6y, BeueaI'ITI'IHos tte-

o6rtqatiso MHoro saHlzMad'tcs noasHeft. B cvuluocru Bce eroJ'IyquHe rIpoII3BeAeHLIfl (nX oUenl sblcoxo qellllJl Ee.;ttltt-ct<utl) nanzcaHbl 3a .u,Ba Mecflua 1827 rola: cruxorBopeHHfi<Tpr yuacru>>, <<K[n)Ka,'r> (sanpeqesiruft qeHsypofi), ttflo-:r n fpyrr, <<K ntoeuy nepcrHlo>>, <<fiepraonpliHoil]enl{e)>ri Apyrlre.

<<V gero s 24 qacax, I{3 Koropblx cocraBr'IeHbl cyrKn' He

fipoflaAaer HI4 I\.{LIHyrbI, HH rIoJIl\{laHyrbl. Vtlt, eoo6pa)KeHIleIz qyBcrBa a 6ecnpecrasHofi AeflTe.llbHocrn)), - cBHAereJIb-crBoBaJr XonaqKos.

A lrexay relt... A MexAy relt BeHeeurIlHoB nocfl€ apec'ra 6rrn ylKe cMeprentso 6oaes. B ro BpeMfl, KorAa Aaillbl,rrc6oeanHcb ero xpacoroii, I'I3gIqecrBoM' xpyflKocrblo(<<cronHo I.I3BasHlie I,I3 MpaMopa... c rpoMaAHltltu ro.'ry6urtlrf.rla3ailIH I,I pecHLiqaN{ID, nogT rax 6lt raflil Ha fd'la3ax.

Hecoltseriso, oH y)Ke 6un 6o,nen qaxotxoti. tr4 noAn'ternl3To He xro uuoli, KaK AIIpeKTop AenapraMeHTa, KyAa nocry-nt.r,r Besenurl4HoB. OH orogearctl o HeM KaK o qeJIoBeKe'

IIoAarouIeM 6o,rtune HaAex(Abl. Ho tyr xe no6aeHrr: u9H

He Ao,rro npo6yaer c IIaMn, y Hero cMepTb s r,'Iasa'r.' orlcKopo yMper>.

-(<Pyccxufi apxl4B>>, 1885, .lvs l, crp' 23)'

O tolt, r{To rtpoucxoAl4Jlo Ha Aorlpoce, MbI Mo]KeM To.nb-

Ko AoraAbtBarbcfl. Ha aolpoc, TIpHHaAJIe)Ka,'I JII4 oH K

rariHony o6urecrey, BeHesHr[HoB orBerHJI, qro <<ecr'lII oH [IHe rrpr.rHaA"IexaJl K o6qecrey Aera6pucroe, To Mor 6lt .ner'

Ko rrpr4uaAne)Karb K HeMy>>. K erouy coo6qeHHrc flsrKos-cxoro - nepBofo 6norpaSa Berieetlruuoea - KoueJIeB KaK

6rt no6aerser:<<...oH He N'tor oceo6oAl'lrbcg or rtlxeJlofo BneqarJlelll{fl'

[por.r3BeAellHoro Ha l{ero cAe,'IaHHbIM eN{y AonpocoM... Olt ue

ma6un o6 arou foBopnTb, Ho BHAHo 6ltno, qro-To rflx(e;'lo€,rex{aJIC y Hefo }la AyIUe>>.

3a ce6s ltt, sa isoto rr cyal6y 6ecnoron"ncs os? BeAlror x{e Kourenee yrBepx{AaJl, qro ;lto6oitlyApbl' a cJIeAoBa'

Te,'rbrro fi Itx ceKperapl, roroeuJll'rcb pa3Ae.nurn cyAr6y apec-

ToBaHHbtx, a KorAa aro ax NIIII{oBaJIo' 6unH r,ly6oKo orop'qeult. Aa I,t 3aqeM TorAa cosHa,'lcfl oH' qro JIerKo Mor obl

rtpnHaAte)Karl x Aexa6Pucrana?A eor H Apyroe, He MeHee BaIKI{oe cBllaereJlbcrBo' B

qecTl{ocrH H LICKpel]HocTll KOrOpOro coMHeBaTbctl He IIplIXo'

Alrrcrr. Oao nputtaA,'tex{Hr fl. H. Jlanperlrlesoii:

<<Cxo.ntr<o pa3 roBopll.rtr MFr€ iltoJIoAofi BeHesr.rtr{lroB. qrooH ro)Ke AoJrxeH 6urt c BaMr.r B Cu6upu, a He >xuru e fle-rep6ypre, uo Baperora BcerAa yrerua.nd ero a roBopuJra. qroelrle MHoro rureHoB o6urecrea He xoreJrr4 orr{pbrrb'cHAnurrieB Kpelocru, I.r Fre orKpbr.ltu. flo,ltnro ero rpycrHbre uIaga, eropecHHIIbI, KaI(He eABa rlalxd'Iltcl 6u eue B Mupe, u rIoMHIocJre3br, KOrAa Bc[o[,ruHara o pHreese>.

Her, ue sa ce6n BoJrHoBa.rrcfl nosr! Moxno flpeAnoJro-)KLIrb, qro 6ecnoxozncfl oH 3a cyal6y .nrc6auoir xeuquHu.

aBrycra 1826 roAa ueQy xu"4upuou AoHocr.rJrH:<<Mex4y AaMaMr4 caMble Henpr.rMuprrMbre u BcerAa roroBblepa30pBarb Ha qacrH rrpaBr.rreJrbcrBo - KHflruHr Borxoncxanfi reHepaJrbrxa KorioeHnrlHna. I4x qacrsue KpyxKH cJry-x(ar cpeAoroqneM Bcex HeAoBoJrbHbrx; a n-er 6paiusnee roii, xoropyio oun r.rsBeprar,or Ha ttpaBuTe",rbcrBo n erocil!r>.

H He s cBflsH lrn c oflaceHfieM sa cy4l6y BonxoHcxoft sa.xoAnrcs eue He pacurneponaHHbre c,'iosa -BeuesuruuoBa

a3elo rrucbMa r 6pary Anexcerc or flHBapfl lg27 rol,a: <<Mocx-By ocraBaJl fl, KaI( uantuoft,_ He 3Hato, KaK He co[IeJl cyMa>).

I-lenocpeAcraeHHofi npuuuHori cMeprr4 nogTa cqHraJracbnpocryAa. flocne 6ana y JlaHcrux, pisropnueHuufi ranqa-ntn, BeueBur[HoB nepe6exa.n qepe3 iuop ni crofi q",rnreni cerBa HaKl,rHyrofi Ha rtrequ uHHe,rrbro. Croqn cnntsuli xo!,IoAc tlpnMecbro o6uqsoir 4"r.rn llerep6ypfa cbtpocru. 14 Bor_--yHecuufi ero B Mor.a,'ry <<xecroqAfrniuir ru6, lnupax(eHHeA. IlqrKoscroro)

Ho no no"oay 6o,resHH H cMeprr4 BeHesflrnfloBa ero[,rreMsHHnK Mxxaan A.Texceesuq BeflesHrHHoB [r{ca.rr Bxyp Ha,'re <<Pyccxnil apxlr B>> :

<<llpocry4Hrcn nvt fl,uutpuli B,ra4nuuporr.rq B ToM rroMe-

T::-1"1 fAe 6Hr apecroBau, r.r/rn noAeeprcfl ApyroMy r{axo-nty-lrz6yAl BpearroMy BJn{rrHH}o,- o6 aiona He coxpaHr.{JrocbrorrHbrx ceuefislrx npe4aHurl, Koropbre orpaH!{qHBarorcnYKA3AHI{CM ItA TIiTUEHI{qCCKfiC YCJIOBHfl MCCTA 3AKJIIOqEHU'I,KaK Ha rJraBHylo npHqHHy oKoHr{are,rrbHofo paccrpoftcreaSAopoBbfl Moero Atr[rl... Karue.nt He noKHAaJr ero, npnunuanr{acrbre H cl,tJlbHbre 6onu e fpyAI.t)>.

_ H Haxoseq, fI. H. Jlaep-eurbeBa, oqeHb 6ansxafl. ceMbcJIaucnnx, yrBepMAaer:

<<OH 6un :ax,'rro,reH B rpn3Hoe n cupoe nolreu{eHneu, attfiga oTryAa, AoJrfo xBopa,l [r He Mor noceulaTb

6+

Apxns KoJrd'lerr.rl r.rHocTpaunbrx AeJl, fAe oH qucJrr.r,,rcfl Ha

cnyxr6e... floAoapurulbHocrb sanreir noJrr.rur.ru 6una npu-.iuuofi ero cMeprr.l, n oHr{ orAaAyr 3a Hero orBer rBopuyHaueMy>>.

lposuoe, HecMbrBaeMoe o6sflHeHlre 6pocnn B Jrr4rlo caMo-Aep)r{aBrrro Anexcau4p 14eaHogHq I'epueH. I,l s Heru 6Hnr.lcJroBa o BeuesHraHose:

<<V>xacuaR, rrepHafl cyAr6a BblnaAaer y Hac Ha AoJIIoBCflI{OrO, KTO OCMeJII4TCfl IIOAHflTb |OJIOBy BbrIXe ypOBHfl, Ha-qepraHHoro HMrrepaTopcKI4M cKr4neTpoM; Io9Ta, npa)KAaHn-Ha, rubrcr'rHTe,'Ifl HeyMod'Innnltil pox ror'rKaer B Morl{,.ry.., A,axere, Koropbrx npaBr4TeJrbcrBo norIaAHro, noru6arcr, eABapacrrycrHBrur.rcb, ctre[Ia ocraBl.trb x(H3Hb... BeHeentnHoRy6ar o6uecrBoM, ABaArrarlr AByx ,'rer>>.

Vhax, rparuqecKr.r-poMaHrl.tqecxan cyAt6a BeHesr4rnHo-Ba [oJrHa raftu n HeAocKa3aHuocrefr. CoeercxllM Hcc,le.u,o-FareJrflM fipeAcrour BbrscHr{Tb HeMaJro o6croqre,'IscrB }Kr.t3-HH H rBopr{ecrBa rrogra. B apxuoax 6u.to HafiAeuo pe3Koea HTr.rn p a B H Te,'r bcrBen Hoe crr{xorBo peHa e <<PoAra Ha )>, a BTopoMKoroporo oAHo BpeMR cqr.rraJrcfl BeHesnruHoB, Ho BecKH.xAoKa3arenbcrB gToMy ser. <<Tafistrft> BeHeeHTHHoB - ToJrb-Ko oAHo H3 corefl, Mo)Ker 6bttn, ue N{eHee 3aMaHqHBbIX 3afa-Aox, 6o,ree 3aMaHqLIBbIx, i<paiiHe Ba)KHbrx Ae,r, Koropbte Ha.r-Jexirar pacKpbrrb Hatrrr.rM JrHreparypoBeAaM. Bor uexoropueH3 3TIrx <<TafiFr>>.

Ao cnx nop ct{HTaercfl, tITo foroll co3HareJlbt{o cx{erpyKorrucb BToporo roua <<MeprBbtx Ayrx>>, xorl ecrb cBHAe-reJrbcrBo - ttlrcbMo A. n. Toncroro r M. I-1. floroAnsy,-rrro oH cx(ef ee rro ouri6Ke. lA pas pyKotrucb nolu6la, Mbr HeIvrox{eNr cyAHTb o ee coAepxaHaH. Mex4y TeM B apxr-rBax6sraH e cBoe BpeMs uari,u,euu BocnoMr.rHaHHR "rrHu, KoropbrMnucareJrb twTail uocneAsufi BapnaHT, aa H HeaaBHo o6napy-)KeHbr KJror{KH oAHoro HS pyKorrncHbrx BaphaHroe. BnonHeBepoflrHbr noAo6Hbre HaxoAKn u o 6yayurelr.

CyulecrnyrcT rJryxue cJryxrd o roM, uro !,aurec, roroBrcbx Ay3rH c flyurxnHuM, 3aKa3aJr oco6yro Henpo6unaeuynKoJrbqyry, unu 6poHro, fi HaAeJr ee [epeA no€AltHKoM. Bonpo-co[{ grr.rM 3aHlrMaJrcfl rryruKr.rH}tcr B. B. BepecaeB, Ho cMeprbnoMe[raJra 3aBepr.rJr4Tb eMy pa3btcKaH]rn.

Llsytan 6uoipa$ur,o nbera fl. A. Kareunua, yAnBJrflerrrb-cfl roMy, qro 3ror arrlteulrft Aexa6prcr ue 6un apecroBannpaBr.rreJrbcreoM Huronat I, Ao KoHua csoerl xrgHu TaK tl

3 3aKa3 246

He npocTnBruefo HH oAHoro n3 yqacTHHKoB BOCCTaHIfl. KTO.To cnac Karcnuua, BblrrepKHy,'r ero HMq Lg <Kpal{oJrbHoro>cnncxa... Kro?

Kaxas lKe yBJreKareJrbHaff, noJrHaff,u,aHcxofr orBercrneHHocrn pa6oraraM, KoTopbre nonbrTaroTcfl IIpoHHKHyTbrux rafis acropru!

por\raHTr.rKr4 r.r rpax{-npeAcToHT TaJraH-3a noJrof HepacKpbr-

YqI4TEJIb NYll|KI4HA

axefi nonar lucbNro. Me,ruxonrB3fJrflHyB Ha KoHBepr, XyroncxnfionpeAe,'raJr cpaay: or Anercau4paI4eaHoelzqa Typreneea. Hecouues-Ho, BHoBb trpocr{T sa 6para cBoero

sil

3{

Huxo;lal, 3aoqHo rrpuroBopeHuoro K clreprHoil xastrn n o6-peraoillerocfl HbrHe s Jlou,q,oHe. Tax u ecrt!

A Bacnnnri AHApeeeHq u 6es HanoMunasufi cqHTaJr cBo-HM r,oJrroM npocr.rrb sa Hero. Bo uus AasHeft apyx6n!

Co6crseHHo roBopfl, ecrn noAxoAr{rb co ncefi iiporocrun3ar(oHoB, To a oH, Bacunufi AHApeesKq Xyxoncxuh, Boc[H-Tared'rb qapcKoto HacJreAHr.rKa, xtneyurltii Bo ABopue, ecrbHe Kro auori, rar <<sJroAeii)> H <<rocyAapcrsegHufi'npecryn-HrrK>>, Aocrofiuufi ecnu He noBerueHnfl, ro vx. Bo BcflKoMcJryr{ae, cu6npcxofi Karoprn... 146o o roroeftr{elacs Boccra-Hr{u 3Har. 3sal H He AoHec. A gro paBHocnJrbr{o lpecrynJre-HH}O.

O ecrpeue csoefi c KHfl3eM Cepreeu Tpy6eqxuru, o rol\t,KaK ror y6exAan efo Bcry[uro e o6uecrBo r.r [pHHflTb yqac-rue B uapey6uficrBe, oH,__noHflTHo, Hr.rKoMy He roBopr.rn.A Bor o6 A.ner<ca-nApe Mypaolene H Bcrpeqax c HHrrAalKe nucaJr. B 1827 roAy oH o6parlanca K uaprc c rreDBbrrlnHcbMoM B 3arur.rry Huxo,rlan Typreuena. I-Iuciruo sro uapbxoJroAHo BepHyJ'r 6es oreera, HO C yCTparlarculr.rM, JreAer{R-ulr4r\,r B3rJrflAoM... Tax uro xe, co6crseHHo, nficaJr oH oMypaelene?

' Bacunuft AHApeesuq. [oAHrJrcfl c AHBaHa H, rrorrJrorHee3arraxHyB xanar (cefoAHs rrpr{KasaJr He ronurt), HatrpaBH,,t-crr B_ Ap_y_rofi xoHe[ orpoMHoro xa6auera K Macc[BHoMyurxa$y. Mparr,ropHuii 6rccr c.ilenoro louepa - noaapox Br'-BeMcKoro- croflr Ha neu. PyxonHca u aocbe, Kax BcerAa,Jrexadrr.t B crporoM nopflAKe. Ha oepxuena Aocbe 3HaqHJrocb:<<3anncxa o Aer're H. 14. Typreseca>>.-B Har{aJre <<3anncxa>> oHnyHKr 3a [yHKroM crapaJrcr orBecrr4 or H. 14. TypreHenasce o6sanesan. A Bor H Mecro, aHTepecynuee ero celiqac.Xyxoncxufi q?rrafl BHaMareJrbHo, He cneiua:

<B lBlB roAy, B 6urHoctr, Moro BMecre c ABopoM s Mocx_Be, noggaKoMt4llcfl fl, He ltoMHIo y Kofo B AoMe, c A,rexcag,{-pou &lypanbeBbrM.". ,{,ur _uepes ABa oH rrpnuer Ko MHe r.l

cKa3a.[, r{To cyuecreyer O6qecrBo, Koefo rIeJIb ecrb Dac-rrpocrpaHeHr{e Bo3MoxHoro ao6pa B oreqecrBe, npeAnoixnnuse 6nrl efo qJleHoM H ocraBnil y MeHfl <3e.neuyro l(unry>,B3flB c ueHs o6erqaHae He roBopnTb HrrKoMy o cyqecrBoBa-Hrau 06qecrsa. fl rpoqr.rraJr ycian. tlenr O6urec"", no*u-3aJracb uHe 6naroHaMepeHHoro: Ho r He Bcrynr{Jr B Hero,He rroroMy, qro6u fioqHTaJl efo npecrynrrbrrlr HJrH Bpe/lrrbrM,Ho noroMy roJrbKo, rITo He xoreJl Ha ce6g nanararu uHi<aroti3ABUCItMOCTI,I>.

6E

Aa, Hnxo.rrafi I co 3Jlocrblo BepHyn emy <<3anucKy>. )I(y-xoscr(Hft oxHAaJI xyAllrefo. Ho eo HMff roBapl{uecrBa oll6r,ln roros Ha x(eprBy. BeAt scel\'I coAepx(aHl{eu <<3anllcxn>

oH xoreJl [oAqepKHyrb, qro Hurolafi Typreueo Hu B qeM He

BurroBar, n6o xors H cocroflJl e o6qecree, Ho yexaJl 3a rpa-Hnqy etrle e 1824 roAy, 3a 14 Mecsqes Ao Boccranrs. KoHeq-Hble rleJrr{ 4era6pucroB eMy se 6uns u3BecrHbl, xar u Xy-KoBcKoMy, sHaKoMoMy AalKe c Mypaelenuu u <<3e.nenoit

Ksurorl>. Het, cJIeAoBarenbuo, 14 pa3HHubl MexAy HI{M'

Xyxoncxnrra, Lt TypreHeBblM...- tlro xe eqe uoxer cAeJlarb oH AJII Hnxo.nas Typreueoa,Apyra rcsocrn? Ou eue pas 6yaer y6exgars I'IMneparopanpocrnrb TypreHeoa t,t pa3pelxllrb eMy BepHyrbcfl B oreqe-cino, n Poccr.rro. Hy, a ex(eJIIl TypreHee 6yaer flpolueH' a

no BosBparqeHuli cxBarlen? I{apu cnoco6eu n na raroe. Kroxe He 3Haer Bo ABopqe, KaK KoBapHo o6uaHyn oH Hexoro-pbrx AeKa6pplcroB, o6eulas noMilJloBarb' JIHIIIb 6u pacxan'nucl l.r noapo6uo paccKasaJlu o6o scel{ }r o6o ecex.

flpn er6li uui.nu Bacn.nnli AH4peesnu no6neAuen. Ka-3aJrocb, He xBaraer Bo3Ayxa 14 cBera. PaeAeuHyr nilorHyloroSpuponanHyn luropy. flyctuHHan,_saHeceHHafl cHefoM

nJrouaAb BbIrJIflAeJIa HenpulorHo' .[leHl xMyp I4 cep'

Kax rorAa... TorAa pa3AaBaJlncb 3Aecb 6ecnopR4ouuueBbrcrpeflbl, xpsrtJlble aurpnxn, pxanbe xoseft. flo cHery me'

TaJrr.rcb HescHble reuu. Xyroscrfifi BMecre c ApyrI{MH uape'ABOpqaMLI B y)Kace fipsraJlcf B oAHoH I.'I3 ABOpIIOBbIX 34.[-

florou cJIeAcrBlte, Aorlpocbl, KaSHb..'flporr, flpor{b arn ustcnu! 3a6urlcR, yfitn e Aanerufi

Mr,rp roHocrH!.. Xyxoacxnfi lteAleHHo l.{Aer K AHBaHy L 3a-

KpbrBaer .nnuo PYxofi.OH crapaerctt BcIIoMHI'ITb ro BpeMq' KorAa yl{Hrcr B

Mocxse, n 6laropo4HoM yHl{BepcurercKoM naHcl{oHe, a Be-qepa rpoBoaun e-npyxecKoM nHreparypHotvt o6uecree. Onsco6upanucr e1nuzu HoeoAesuqlero MoHacrYpfl' B- crapoMga6pbilreHHoM AoMe. Bparu Typreuenu (Anapeft, Anq*'canip, Hr.rxo.naft), Mepsnnxoe,-Kalicapon, Boetixos"' OH

BHAI'IT I,IX KAX HANBY.

Cros c noaHsrbtMg 6oxa.naun, o6Hse Apyr Apyra 3a nJIe-

qn, Bce cJlyluaJla [poqI'ITaHHbIfi MepsrsrosHr{ no-HeMeuKll

sAoxHoseHHuir ruuH Illun,'repa <<K paAocru>>. fllaueuultecJIoBanpI-t3bIBaJIuMIiJIJII.toHbIcJIl{TbcgBpaAocTI.reAuHoI{'npocfl aBJIflJIH npaBeAHbIe AeJIa, He3aBHCI',IMOCTb npeA JIIIUOM

;;ir;;. B re aHu Xyxoecruft saql'rruBancr 14 crl'IxaMn Ka'

paMgr{Ha. Huxonaft MuxarinoeHrt uficaJl rorAa cMeJlo rr cBo-6oAonto6aeo.

flo oroHqaHHH naHcaoHa Xyroscxnfi, x yAHBreHHro co-KypcHr,rKoB, rrocrynnJr Bcero_HaBcero ceKpeTapeM B KOHTOpyuo,'rrHbrx Aen. Xoren ocraBaTb Aocyr ajs eiHxrnfi c.noeec'-

locrbro. Bcrope,- a 6u.no ero eeci{ori lg02 rola,_crup"*qHrroBHHK, crpunenurnr? nepoM sa coceAueft xouroprori,

-sa_

fiprMerr{Jr, uro ry6epHcxnfi cerperapt Xyroscxuit B qacbr,<ltpfiyroroBaHHbte AJrff cnyxe6uux ornpan.neHur?, KponancrHIrrKH>. A oH yoneveHHo nepenl{cbrBaJl crlrx}r anuuhcxuxrlo3roB toMcona n I pefl, noryr{eHHbre or TypreHeea.tlnuoeHzx, HenaiaAesruu? <6opoonucueB>, Torr{ac or-npaBHJrCfl K HaqaJrbcTBy c AoHocoM.

Blrecro HaqaJrbHHKa KoHTopbr, Kussa,(o.rrropyxoro, npu_HflBrrrero Xyxoncxoro ua c.rly>i<6y lto peKoMeHAaur.ra l4sauaI rerpoBnrra (BJrfirrenbHoro^orua 6partee Typreueoux), cn-Aerr MoJroAori xapuepucr. On peruu.n npoaoiril cnyxe6*ry,operr.rBocrb, [ppr3BaJr ceKperapn a <pacnyunn> er6. A a.,rs9t {e 6o.nlrtrjfi ocrpacrKH Hacrpovf.n fllrcbMo 3HaKoMoMynpoxypopy fyzcxofrt qacrw Lt npocu.n ero <BHyruuru. KonainpoKypop, 3aJroxHB Hora ga Hory H no[brxr{Bafl cnraporl,saflBliJr' qro <<r,oHoIIIeCTBO SapaxeHo KpaMOJIOti a g rou'no-Br.rHHbI r.rHble Hg HbrHeIUHr.rx coqlrHuTerefi, a npex4e BcetoKapausnH>, Xyroncrnfi ecnHrnn. flos;cas roJroc, oH pe3_KO CKa3aJl, .ITO IOC'OAHH [poKypop Hl.trtero He cMblcr:rr..rT BHsquIHofi cJroBecnocrr.t. <ge ocxop6.neHue AoJr)KHocrgoroJrr4r{4, HaxoAflIrlefocfl rIpI4 r.rcnoJrHeHl{ri cnyxe6uHx o6ssaH_Hocreri>>, nunaauurl Hero,{oBan}reM flpoKypop rorqac )Ke Ha-Jiox(I,tJI Ha Xyxoscxoro AoMarrruur?

'apecr, u nonu[efrcxasxapeTa AocTaBr.iJra ero,{oir.rorl.

!,eno uor.no KoHqxrbcs coBceM nJroxo. ,{,nr nporonxe-ruua cnyx6br HyxHo 6uno nucarb yHtlgr.rreJrlnue npocl6tr.onpaBAblBarbcfl, He cqnTas ce6g gaHoenuu. Ha ero oH rur-r(ofAa 6u ue no[reJr.

Orcraera ra3anacb Heas6exnorl. Kax pas B gTu AHH oHnoJlyqHr nltcbMo or AnApeg Typreueea, HaxoAr4BuIerocfl yr{eHa cnyN6e n llerep6yple: <<Tbr, Kaxercfl, He Mo]Kerlb Heobrrb AoBoJteH caoefi yqacrblo... yeAHHeH[e, ,erKarl ,4on)K_Hocrb... B ne_pcneKTuBe BecHa n AepeBHR. OxpyxeH fpeeu.r oMcoHoM, lllexcnupoM, flone n pyccot 14 n cepaue _ )KapnoS3tIH>.

Xyxoncxufi HarrtcaJr AHap"ro Typreneay npo cBoe 3ro-K.rrroqeHl4e, H Torqac xe nolryqnJr BcrpeBo)Keunurl orBer.

70

TypreHeoa BogMyrl'Ino cny'{HBueecq' oH coxaJleJl o HeI{3-

6exsocra orcraBKI,I Xyroocroro, Ho cqHTaJl, gro ror no-cryrrr.rJr npaBnJlbuo. kl xo'ts npeAJIaraJI o6parurlcR x 6paryAnercau4py, c reM qro6nt nocoBeroBarbcr c <<uMeBIIII'IM cBs'sfi 6artouxbft>, Bce )Ke nuca!'I' tITo <<ecJIH ryr ocxop6urcaqyBcrBo, ecnr.r 6yAer xorb reHb ocrop6neHnfl AJt.fl qecru>>'-oH AoJrxeH ylirn co c.nyx6u.

flpoure.n MecflIl. ExeAuenso rtoA oKHaMI'l MaflI{I'tJIa SI.y'pa KBapraJrbHoro HaA3I4pareJIs - apecr He cHIIMaJlcs. O6e-cnoroesHufi Au4peft Typreuee coo6uan o HaMepeHHI'l orr.I,a

uarirn HoByIo c.nyx6y anr XyxoncKoro, lt cHoBa, rar 6ntroBoprr, rrro H oH noCrynu,tt 6u rax )Ke, noBTopsn, qro Xy'xoscrnrl, <<KoHeqHo, He AoJI)KeH 6ltl csocurb or npoKypopa>>'

Haroueu no xoAaraftcrny tr'IoaHa fletpoenua Xyros'cxafi 6u.u ocso6oxAen I{3-IIoA apecra,

flponcruecrBlte 3To raK noBJII{flJIo Ha Hero, [pI'{BI'IJIo ra'KOe OTBparqeHLIe or cnyx6u, qro oH oTKa3aJICg OT IOMOXII.t

craprlra TypreHena B noAbIcKaHIIn eMy Mecra' C suqroxsuttt38aHneM Tl.rryJlflpuoro coBerHI'IKa oH ort{Ilcrltrcq ag ConsHoliKOHTOpbI I{ BbIIXeJI B OTCTaBKy.

Ori saayrtraJl Bepllyrbcs Ha poAI{Hy B ceJlo MnnreHcxoeTy.rscroli iy6epuuri u xarl rpyAoM JIlIreparopa. flpan4a,KHlrroIIpoAaBIlbI npeAnoql'ITarI'I pacnflarlt{BaTbctt KHI'IraMtl'

uo Meps,lrros o6eqar HaJIaAnrb c I{IIMII AeHe}KHbIe oruo'rrreHus. Aa eeAl u KHI'IrH 6ulu Heo6xoAlIMbI' oH Bce paBHo

npuo6peran 6st llx.B ruxotr,t MuureHcront Hanl'IcaJI oH flepBoe Flacrotlulee

crr.txorBopeHl{e - <<Cellcroe x.naA6auo, Bo,tsHlttt nepeBoA

3Jrerfirl fpen. Kapannsl'IH ony6luKoBafl ero B cBoeM xypna'.ne <Becruux Eaponu>. Tar HaqaJlacb I'l3BecrHocrb [o3Ta

Xyxoncxoro. Ou u B caMoM AeJIe, Kaxercr, BrIepBbIe B ore'qecreelrnoft IIog3uI{ [epeAa,T npl'IrryuerlHble KpacKa H 3ByKI'{

yracanuero LHfl.

Vxe 6neaueer AeHb' cxpblBascb 3a ropoto;LUynrnu.lue craAa'toJ5fiflrcn na4- peroir;Vcia;rurfi ceJltHI.{H ueAnurenusof, crono}oI4Aer, aa4yltaBuucb, B uraJlalu cnoxofrttstfi csoir'B ryuaunou cyMpaKe oKpecrHocrb l{cqe3aer"'Iloacro.4y rl'IIIIHHa, noBcloay MeprBbIR cou'Jluu.rt n-epe.uxa, xyxxa' seuepHufr x{yK MenbKaer'Jlaur cnnruurcfl BAaJIII poloB yHblnblu 3BoH'

Bacannfi AH4peenuu n He 3aMerHJl' KaK 3aApeMan' Oq'HVJrcr ocBe)KeHHbIk. 14 xax o qeM-To peIueHHoM' noAyMaJI:

7l

Hyxu_o H4rl{ K focyAapro, HanoMHHrb o TypreHeee.Xyroncrafi npoxoAr.rJr au$r.r.nalofi 3nunero ae6iua. 3a-

MeTHB BOCnHTaTeJIq IIeCapeBLIqa, MOJrr{aILrBbre rpeHaAepbt6ecruyuHo orKpbrBaJru_MaccuBHble Ay6oBbre aoepr,r. tlepearroKoflMn r.rMneparopa Bacu.nnri AHap-eeonu B HepeuureJrbr.ro-crr.r ocraHoBanca. !,exypHuft renepaJr B pa33oJroveHuoru uyH-.4upe cjleJradrr 3HaK: gaugru-c!

llocnurr a.nucb cM ex ua pcroft H aJrolKHl.tubr Q pert.n r.rHu FI e-,'ruAoeori ri AoBoJrbHbni 6ac cauoro HnxoJlaq. Ao6pufi sHax!Moxso a rroAoxAarr. BnpoveM, BcKope, cAeJraB Ha xoAypeBepaHc, BbrrropxHyJra Spefi;rnua a B ABepffx rrosBnJracb Ae-peBflHHar Qnrypa qapn.

- A, Xyroscruft! - Ao6poAyrrrHo saMerun oH.- flpu-rrleJr AoJroxurl o6 ycnexax Moefo cuga?

- Vcnexn uacieaHura, Barrre lrM[eparopcKoe BeJrnqecr-Bo, TpeBofr{ y MeHfl He Bbr3brBaror! Ho...

- 9ro ga <<Ho>>?

- Ho [o-npe)xHeMy_TpeBoxHT yrlacrb HecnpaBeAJrnBoocyxAenHofo [Inxolas Typrerrera.

Kopllvneelre, xfiu{Ho 3aocrpeHHbre ycbr Hnxoraq I apor-HyJru, a fra3a craJru HaJrHBarbcfl Tax 3HaKoMHM Xyxoscxo_My rHeBoM. Ho uapl eule cAep)Kr.{ear ce6n.

- t{ro 3a oxora Bosurbcr re6e co BcffKr.rM orpe6leu?

Te6n u raK cqr4raror rnanofi nu6epanlHofi naprru, npu6exu-rrreM Bcex ue6narosaAex(Hbrx. Tsr snaeut o6 erou? '

Bacunllft AuApeesuq qyrb Har(JroHltJr rod,roBv u gacrbrJr raxs csoerl figrro6negHoli nose.

- Te6e aro ri3BecrHo_,_ a rbr npo,{oJlxaerrb gacrynarbc,3a KpaMoJrbHr4KoB. 3x, Xyxoe.cxr.rft, Xyxoscxfifi! FieAasHoThI Bbrropaxznan KupeeBcKorol, a reneps onrrrb rrpucraelxbc Typreuenuu.

- KHpeencrtri roxe HH B qeM He Br,rHoBar, Ba[re HMne-paro_pcKoe BeJrr.rqecrBo. fl roros 3a Hero flopyqlrrbcr.

Hzronafi BbrrrreJr as ce6R. Os noAourej i Xy*orcKoMyn c 6eueHcrBoM cxBarr.tJr ero 3a JraIIKaHbt cropryKa.

- Tu roroB nopyqurbcr,- nporxr4neJr dH._ A sa re6sxro nopyuzrca?

3;lo6a AaB:r;tra ero. OH 6pocan B Jrnuo Xyxorcxoro or-pbrBn_crbte Qpasur Ir, HaBepHo, noo6paxa.n, qro xrecra Jt uMn,xar 6ago[4.

I Vsana Ktpeeecroro co6npaluct npuBneqb K orBery 3a cra.l.br), tro-KasaBrrryrocr npaBnrenbcrBy <xpauo,rruoft >.

72

/-v-((?

i JltlT (6)T

-,.:r' ..a

J*41..r2tlj{ifr{,i.t,

"vt;.,,1u)/i"ir

)ii.Q.!

- Tu /l,yMaerub, e He 3r.raro, qro rsoerl pyxoii nepenflca-HO nporxeH}te. ]KeHbI 9TOrc SnOyMbrIrrJrer{HHKa, 3aroBoplqr{Kaf xyruxrHa? A oH noxyru ailcfl Ha Moro xr.rsHb! ,II,a sHaeusJIH CaM, CKOJTbKO IIuceM__HaCTpOrlHr Tbr o cMflrqeHr.rH yqacTfi3rHM 3JroAerrru. MHe! XeHe! Hac.neAnuxy! A rro pa3br-rpbrBaJt B Jrorepen cnori noprper pa6oru Bprc,r.nona u uaBbrpyqeHHbre AeHbfr.r BbrKynar KpenocrHoro Tapaca IIIeeqeu_ro?! Kro?! f, 6urru ruoxer?t A- pasee sa6r,rru MHe rBoe 3a-cryrHr..rqecrno ea fepuena? 3a fepr{eHa, KoeMy sa 6ynrap-crso Aocroriuafl HafpaAa - KHyr u ner.us?! Hi, yx iepu-e-Ha s rc6e HaKonAa He nponly!

Xyxoecxnfi no4yrtaa.n 6uno, qro Huxonafi Ha aroM KoH-,Ir.rfl. Ho, BI{AHo, e[Ie KaKarI-To 3araellHafl 3Jrocrb He ,4aBaJIauaprc noKofl. tr4 ou se cruv 6cn. Koraa Bacunufi AH,u,peeszqeule pa3 noKJroHr.rJrcs rz co6npancr yxoAr.trb, Haxonaft, oroir-Arr or Hefo uafa Ha rpu, npuurypu"rrcfl vr B nocne4uuft parMerHyJt ceupenurl B3fJrffA.

- A tu gHaerlJb, qero MHe crouJtl TBofi BerrHbre xoAarari-crBa 3a flyrur<uHa?!

Ecnn 6u Haro.nafi He Ha3Ba,,r groro HMeHu, Xyxoscrnfixax-utt6yAr nepecuJlrrJr 6H ce6q. Enay He B[epBbre flpnxo.au-Jrocb rrepexaBarb noAo6uoe. Ho nonpex B ero 3acTynHuqe-crBe 3a flyurxirHa! 3a flyuxrzHa, nepeuu a rJraBHbtM BlrHoB-HrrKoM ru6enu xoeno 6srn cau liaxonar?l

Ha xaxoe-ro NrrHoBeHr4e nepeA Xyxoacr<una Bo3HtrKJra racBrru{cHHafl AJrfl Hero MHHyTa, KorAa oH Aapfi,,t flyurxauycnofi noprper c HaArracblo, AaBHo npo4yuauHoft u sbrHoureH"-Hofi cepA{em: <<flo6eAtreJrro-yqeHr.ix:y oi no6eNl."noro vot,i-Te,l g >>.

__^I.ryVlu? r\,rHHyra. fiyurraH n rpo6y c saKpbrrbrMr.rrJIa3aMr.t. u Hrzx ilaBc.erAa floMepr{ cBeT yHeceHHHX l4r/l AHs-Htrx o6pasoe. [Io qnefi sore?

Xyxorcxuri xore.l 6pocltr_b B JrriUo qapro Bcro 6o,rl ceo_ax crpaAaHufi aa flyruxuHa. CrparuHbrM ycr{JraeM oH Bce_ra_Ka cAepxaJr ce6n, uo eMy craJro AypHo, [r oH npr.tcJroHr.rJrcnroroeori K npoxJraAHori xo.nouHe. Uupo pacrepfl.lcfl r.r ryrxe, AocaAyfl Ha cBoe 3aMeuaTeJr.bcTBO, CA,eJraJr :uax 4exyp-HoMy aAbroraHry. flo Xyxoecxtfi orcrpaHHJr roro a, npeoab-JIeBas rgx{ecrb B Horax, Koe_Kax ,u,o6pa.ncn ,q,o

'csoefiCna,llbHH.

I4 cHosa A.nr'uur? s'r,r'r,ri Berrep B 6esflroAHoM xa6l,uete3nusero ABoprra. ll cuoaa, xax 6irno He pa3, naxeu noa-Hecer Ha [oAHoce cBeproK, a B Herll r<axori_nu6yAu rracche-

74

Hbrli [epcTeHb c Kpy[HbIM ]I{eMqyfoM I'I 3anHcKy: <<TbI He

cepAr.uxbcs, Bacu.nufi An4peenuu?..>>A eeAl MHorLIe HaBbIBaIor ero npocro xI'ITpbIM llapeABop-

qem. floltunrca, napoAl'Ipyfl cruxorBopeHI'Ie Xyxoecroro<<fleeeq>) I.I HaMeKae Ha ero npucrpacrl.Ie r <<xnaA6nurescrofirros3r.u{>>, KTo-To ua6pocan Bocel\Ib crpoK, craBIIIlIx l{3Becr-HbrMrr BceM JII.ITepaTopaM:

LIs casaHa oAetcn oH B JII-lBPelo'Ha ,reury npoMeHfl,'l cnofi uuproellli BeHeu,

He noaPixi'n 6oelure lPeo, -

C yraaxoft BTePcs Bo ABoPeu.I'l qro xe sHur,lo HaroHeu?flpe,u, srtatuuult cru6aa urerc,Ott pyry xMer xaureP-';IaKelo.Eeanuft neaeu!

)Kyxoncrufi Ha 9TI'I crHXIt He o6I{AeJ'Icfl. Ho 3HaJIu 6bl

Apy3bfl, KaK eMy nopolr npuxoAHrct! 3na,ru 6bt, Kaxne

3anl{cl,,I o uape ecTb B eto AHeBHI',IKe! Aa BOT OHI{:

<<Ecnu 6ri s lruen Bo3MoxHocrb roBopl'lrb'- Bor tITo 6bI

fl oTBeqaJI... fl sauEulato Tex, KTo BaMI',l OCyXAeH VJrVr c6914'

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ei ctparuHo, qacro 6o.neer. A on, BacuJIbeB, raK o6tlsarlHrtfreMy, BCe BpeMs paccrpa'ilBaer efo ofll'lcaHHel\'l cBol4x fope'creri.

Bacunlen qyrb oroAtsHlly,l luropy H 3aMep flopa)KeHHblI{'

,[I,onro BTJIflAbIBa'[cfl I TeMHory. Bor-xorl 6lt HeKyIo ro"Iu-xy erol Kpacorbt rlepeAarb I4-eaHy Hrronaesuuyl Cnera'tilpHI]HCKy:

<<flosAHo, a,pyr rrlofi, rlo3AHo' 14 rropa M-He cnarb Jlo)Kl'trbcn'

Celiqac 6un y-oxna I4 AoJIro cMorpe,l. Kaxas uyAuan Hout'!

Tenno H npo3paqHo KpyroM, KaK Ha HaIreM poAHoM ceBepe

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MeJIbKHer ofoHeK qa6aua' crpaHcrBylou(ero co cBccn orapollrro ocbtnatsueMycfi JIHCTy HaropHblx 6y1oa, uro uepHoft uaH'

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Bacsnoes flocraBr{Jl 6uno rpa rorrKr.t lr cJrox{r.tJr rrncbMo.floroiu qro-To npnuno Ha ylr, r,r, ynu6Hynurncb, pasBepHyJld'mcrKa, Ao6asl,te ABa cJroBa: <<floft4eure norvnqri?!rt

Bacrntee Ao,'rro He rlror 3acgyrb. fluclui Kpaucxoro -eAHHCTBeHHOe, qTO CBflSbrBaeT ero c AaJreKraM MapoM neTep-6yprcxnx xyAoxHnKoe. fAe-ro saneJra sypHa. H-asepgo, iaropHylo Ao-pory K npr.rBerHoMy oronbry qa6aua rroAorxJrr.tA)Kurr.rrbr. HanrpurnarcT r.r rnxoHbKo rroAneBaror B JraA 3ypHeKaKLre-TO CBOtr, rpycTHbte MeJroAr.ilr...

,[,opora, Aopofa... Tur nponeraerrJb MHMo 6eeAoHHHx npo-nacreli no_fopHblM KpyrlaM, acneupeHHblr\{ a,lrnlrricxalruqBeraMr{. flo re6e 6eryr nouroBbre AHJrHxaHcbr, MeA,rrHreJrbHoIr y[opHo crynaer rreuexoA. L{ sce ynpsMo, HeorcrynHo crpe-MHTcs KyAa-ro BAaJrb. To.nrro oH oAHH o6peuen ocraaaricgHa Mecre H Jrltrrrb cMorperb 6es xoHqa Ha gry ,[opory, roxoropoli eMy, MOXer 6brrl, u He cy)KAeHo BepHyrbcrr.

flocreneuHo KpbrMcKas rtpapoAa Ha'auHaia ireNso r{ 6yp-Ho oBJraAeBarb raJraHToM loHolxll rz, 3acraBJrgx pa6orarr,orBJreKaJra or t{yrlHTefibHbrx MbrcJrefi o 6oresuu, 6es4euexle.Vxe spe.n 3aMbrceJr Kaprr.rnbr <>.

Oir gaue.n eAr.rHcrBeHHo npaBrrr'Ibnoe rlBeroBoe KoJropl{_crlrgecKoe pelueurae gnn wz6pauHoro Morr.rBa, H ToJrbKo oAI{HOH B STOM MOTI,IBC YBI{AAT U E,AJI NOqYBCTBOBATb SPI,ITEJI'IMnoAJrprHHoe BeJrfiqr.re rop. Tucaun JrroAefi npoxoAuJrr{ no eroftAopore. Ha Hee rJrflAeJru r{3 oKoH orAuxan-ulae s flnre ngca-TeJrrr, xyAoxHr{KH, MysbrKaHTbr. Ho luurl oH oA}rH nepeAanTo, rITo, MolKer 6rtrl, no4co3HaTeJIbHo LI TpeBoxHo rpe[eraJloB Ayure y HeKoropbrx Har6olee qyrKr.rx .rlrcAeft, Aa)Ke npurt{HMOdrreTHOM B3rJlRAe Ha 3Ty Aopory.

flo neri He_ToponJrHBo r,r y[opHo Bbrcryfiaror BoJrbr, 3arrpr-x{eHubre n ap6y. Hor xpuruM or coJrHua BepxoM cr.rA[r qeflo-BeK, c3aAH nJrerercs eu1e oAHH. 3ra qopona npoJreraJra [o3a_Au ero Aoua. Hoqlrc c rop Ha Hee cflycxaJrcfl TyMaH, Ho Mep-qarcqnft nyHHufi cBer 3acraBJrflJr ee coepxars. I,l HeeonrioBCNOMI,IHAJI14 Cb CJIOBA:

9uxoxy o.(HH r Ha Aopory,LKBo3b ryMan KpeMHr.rcrttfi uyru 6necrur...

Hacrpoeune JrepMoHToBcKLrx crpox BbI3brBaJlocb, Br.rAr4.MO, CypOBbrM BedlLIrrHeM AaJIbHItX rop, KOTOpbIe TyMaHHbTMI{IpffAaMr4 He3aMeTHO yxOAI.tJrH BBbrCb r.I cJII{BaJrACb c ropr.t3oH.TOM rAe-TO TaM, AaJreKo, noSaAH coceH. oAHa as gux unaena

78

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COBCCI\I TOHKI,II? CTBO.[, OT CC KPOHbI OCTA,IIOCb JII.III]b HCCKOJII,-KO BCTOK,

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...IlorpnceuHuii xaprnuori <, Kpau-cxorZ sanr4can:

<Llro-ro ryMaHHoe, [oqrl4 Mr.tcrr.rqecKoe, qapylouree, Toq-Ho se KapruHa, a Bo cHe xaKaff-To canrSoHzd AoxoAar Aocn)'Xa OTTy.[a, CBepXy, a BHr.Igy,.. Ha 3eMJIe, rAe npeAMeTbrAonxHbr 6urr^peantHbr,- KaKort-To crpa,4aroqari'n 6o.nt,_HOr, r{eIoBeK. peuI.rTeJIbHo Htrr(or,q,a He MOr f npeAcTaBptrbce6e, qro6u flefi3ax Mor BbrsBarb raKr.re cuJrbnbre oqyue_tIl{t>.

- ^ ^{o_f{l Kpanrcxor? ysHan o cMeprlt ABaArrarr.trpexrerHerobacHJrbeBa, oH 3apHAa/r.

PYCCKI,I R TIIII KEJIAHAXEJIO

peAr.r pyccKoft paBHnl"IbI, Ha oepefynpLlgbrBHo ct{Heloqero ll,rliuettu-o3epa BosHHKaer BApyr HecKa3all-uofr xpacorbl fopoA. KaK MorYqHe6orarulplt B IItJIeMax ng reMnofo

goJlora, croflr 6enoKar\reHHbre xpaMbr. Crosr H cJroBHo Bclro-rrfir{aloT o [ecrpbtx ToJrrrax ApeBHr{x yAa/rbrx HoBfopoArIeB,qro uyMefllr KorAa-To noA ltx creHaMr.r, o 6brcrpoKpbr.irbrxn aAbrrx C a4xo, r.r3yKp arx eHHnx aarefi .n n au un uso6p ax{eH14 rr-MH KOHCKI'X IOJIOB.

A pn4ona c 6e,roxanreuHoft rpacaenrreri CoQaefi Hosro-po4cxoft, noA ee ceHbro ropAo Bbrcurcfl rraMrrrHuK 1000-ne-rurr Poccfira, nocraBJreHHuii eAecl s 1862 roAy. CnaneH ororMoHyMeHT, HarloMI,IHantt1uii IsAarH ee,IeeoIi Ko,'IoKo"'I, nrpyAHo 6uno 6u sailrn AJrr Hero Apyroe, 6onee floAxoArrxreeMecro, qeM cBrruleHHufi yro;lor uaurefi 3eM,rru - HoeropoA.Bn aAr.rl,rr.rp Csfl rocn anru, !,marpu ii .fl,oHcroft , I,ln au I I I, Map-$a Eoperlxafl - rocaAHr.rua HoBropo Aerafl' Munnn a flox<ap-cxfili, Bce oHrr, KaK H AecflTKIt Apyrfix 3uaMeHr.rrbrx .lrnAeft-unpocrbrx 6essecruHx rpaxAaH, uso6paxeHHbrx Ha noscHor\rropenre$etlaMflTHr{Ka, o6aeAHHeHbr rryBcrBoM BbrcoKofoAoJIra nepeA poAuttoft, roroBbr orAarb eri ece cr.rJrbr cBoerocepAua I4 pa3yr\ra.

He cneura o6ofiAeul naMnrHI,IK, BTJIflAHIIIbcff B fopeJrb.erp, n louyAurcr Ha llrrrr, gro oxr.IByr, 3aABr.rlKyrcr BeJIr{qa-sue Surypu, nocJrbluruTcrr HerpoMKafl, AHBHafl peut. tr4 nofi-MeIUb: uMeHHo raxoii r4lrnrosurr u Eo6neancfl cKytbnrop, Mer{-rasullri KaxAoMy Aarb flpKoe, fapMoHrir{Hoe H nJIacrrlqecKl.I-pe.rme$Hoe rpeAcraBJreHr.re o MofyqeM paeBr4rltl locyAapcr-ea PoccuricKoro, o Ao6recrHbrx cbrHax H Aor{epflx ero.

fllrny aaeurbcfl, y3itaB, qro npoeKT naMsrHr{Ka co3Aa,'r25-netruft BocnI4raHHHx AraAeuru xyAoxecrB Mzxar.n Ocu-rroBr{q MnxeruuH. Os no6eAun Ha KoHKypce BCex 50 npereu-AeHTOB H B HX q[C,'Ie yBeHlIaHHbIx JIaBpaMI] saqreJlefi.

Mvxeruus 6tr,r cuHom flapru3aHa OreqecreeHHoit nofruu,r{Horo c,'rbrura!'r B AercrBe o geft u fioroMy, 6rtrl uoxer,cTaB xyAo)KHr.rKoM, rax rro6osuo r.rso6paxaJl [oABr{f pyc-CKOIO BOIIHCTBA.

OH yxpacr,'r poAHylo seMJrro n sapy6exubre crpaubr HeoAHHM AecrrKoM MoHyMeHToB. Heyronazuarr pyKa MureuunaBo3ABHrJra g Kuese rtaMrrHI{K EorAanv Xue,rtuuurol,rv:a flonraeq-MoHyMeHr B qecrb no6eAu herpa I Haa urs"e-r.aMwa o ilerep6ypre-Erarepr.lHe II; e CeBacronone HaMa.[_axosola KypfaHe - Kopunnoey, Haxnuony u I4cron,IHuy;g_ HonovgpKaccKe-_Epuary; s HnxneNr

-Honropo4ei

Kyerrue MrulHy; s TauxeHre - pyccKHM Bor.rHarvr, naBruHMs 6firsax ea Cpe4Hron AsHn.

B 1864 roAy npaBnreJrbcrBo flopryranau o6tsefino Kou-

82

l(-ypc Ha rrpoexr rraMernnKa nopryranrcrofi KoHcrnryrluu.KoHxypc Bbrr4rpaJr MuxeuNu. Ero Harpa4unr{ flopryraJrbcKll}ropAeHoM H Ar{nJroMoM q.rreHa Jlucca6oucroft axa.u,euuu xy-AoxecrB. HeeecrHH npoeKTbr rraMrrHHKoB MrxeurHHa: ocso-6o4urelo Cep6HN Kapa feopruro H Knfl3ro Mlrxauay O6pe-HoBLIT{y. (rlarpaaa - qepHofopcxuir opAeH <<3a HesaBHbH-

{ocru), Mruxe-enuy - rfiA Bapuranir, .flruxonlHy - A,,laBaurusrrosa, Xanrie a'Apx - ans (Dpauuull, tr N{HorHe,MHOTHe ApynHe.

Muxeuasr,rttr BbtnoJrHeHbt a MoHyMeHTaJrbHo-AeKoparr.{B-r.rbre rrpou3BeAeHfir, TaKHe, KaK ABepr4 rpo6suqu xgssn flo-xapcKoto e Cys4a.ne. Kpoue roro, oH co3.u,aBaJr craryr.r uno_coBbre yKp arxeHr.lfl x Qperarau <<MaHu H >>, <floNapcxu ft >,<<JIasapen>>, <Cnnpu4on>, <<I{nuarou>>, <f pefrr>, *' qxrr"i<<JlueaAr.tfl,>>, <!,epxana>. Cyaa era 6opos4r?JrH BoAbr MHo-rux rr.ropeii u no6eAso HecJru Ha rpor-Maqrax BbrM[eJrbl re-po[-'{ecKoro pyccKoro Q,rora.

DOJTbTITHM yBax(eHueM npoHnKaeubcfl K 3TOMy CKyJrbnTO-PY, KOIAA B APXI BAX CTPAHbI HAXOAI.IIIIb AOKYMEHTbI O TOM,KaK caMoorBepx{eHHo u Hactoftqugo, xorrr u 6esycneruuo, 60_poJlcg oH 3a BKd'[OqeHUe B__fopenteQtr MoHyMeHTOB <<Kpa-MoJrbHoro>> o6pasa Tapaca IIIeeqeHKo.

Ilpoe.xrapyn _rraMrrrHlrK Eor4aHy XuenlunqroMy, oH no-MecrxJr Qurypy 6aH4yp1.1s1s c JrlrrloM Tapaca llleeveHro cpe-llll Apyr[x nepcouaxefi, rax 6lr o6crynuemux nbeAecraJr.

Ero nocrur,ra HeyAaqa. BaAo HMg Be.rrr.rKoro Kod-sapr 6uno nol crpo)Kafirunu salperona. V floAHo]Kllfl naMrrr-tltzxy Xtr,le;t-l-urlllKoMy He rloflBrlracb Hr{ oAHa us Qrzryp.

TorAa Mnreruns norrbrraJrcfl rlso6paeurt lllesqlnxo HanocraMeHTe cBoero naM.rrrHvxa Erarepuue II n Exarepuno-4ape (uuHe Kpacroaap). OQuqaarrHo oH, KoHeqHo, o6'orouHe roBopIlJI, a B I{3AaHHOM OrrHCaHr.rH npoeKTa Jrr4rrrb oqeHbocropoxHo ynoMr.rHaJr: Snrypu lloretrxnHa a KasarrKr{x crap.nrI,IH <<erle He BrroJIHe xapaKTepr,r3oBaJru 6tr nausruaK>>, HrroroMy oH AonoJrnr.l;l ero Snrypan,tu <<cJrenofo Ko6sapn Hero HenpeM,eHHoro cnyrHr.rKa floeo,a,upn>, a6o uoHyneur, uo-crasreHHlrri Ha rore Poco,ul, 6es SrHx rnnuqHbrx nepcouaxefiHe MbrcJrr.rrcs. V ronaxo Apyry fllesqeHxo Oeaopy Jleourl-eBurry TraqeHxo rrpr.rgHaBarcr B rrncbMe:

<<Tanr xe caMoBoJlbHo HaMepeH [oMecruTb r.r yKpaHHcKoroxo6sapn Tapaca c noBoAbrpeM xnoflqeM. Tarnu o6pasou, nHaMepeH, c noMoulbto 6oxren, oKoHqareJrbHo Ha BeKH BeKoByBeKoBeqHTb rlaMqrb Harxero c Bauu Hesa6eennorc Apyra...>

84

Ha nanqruHre e Exarepr.{HofpaAe, coopyxeHHoM y}KerrocJrc cMeprr.r MnreunHa, AeftcrstlrealHo 6un aso6paxencrenoii 6au4ypncr, oAHaKo Aax{e MaJreliuree cxoAcrBo ero cTapacou <<BJracru npeAep)Kaur[e>> yttpa3AHHJrH.

14 sce xe MuxeruuH co3AaJr cnoeo6pasueftuuli railrrrr-flfiK fioery. 3ro rpaSuvecK]re noprperH [IIesqeHKo, B oAnonrcfiyqae - Bo Becb pocr, B au4e 6aH4ypncra, B ApyfoM - B

r.ny6oxoft 3aAyMtIHBocrLt y cBoero croJra, c Bbrpax{elrfieilJrHIIa, nOJIHbIT\r rpycTrl lt leqaJrr.r, B rpeTbeM - n rpo6y cHarypbr. 3ro n BeJrprKoJre[Hbre uJrJrrocrparrlrn K ero npor'r3-BeAeHUflM, H IIeHI{bte, OBegHHbIe CBeTJIbIM JIHpU3MOM BOCIIO-MI,IHaHHff o Tapace, ony6luxoeaHHbre B 1876 roay n flpaleflpH [epBoM nocMeprHoM vsnarw4 coquueHuir LflesqeHxo(uapcraa Poccuq H3Aarb Hx He peua.nacs). B neAasaelrouMuxeunnuM xypHa,re r.rJrJrrocrpauuft <<flqe.na>, noMHMo nop-rpera [lenqeHKo, Muxeruuu rn6osi{o Boclpor{3BoAn,'r ro-AapeHHbre emy Tapacolr fpuropreBnqeM pr,rcyHKn; ero 6r,rraeABa Jrr.r He nepBafl ny6.nuxaqun pu,a pa6or lllenueHxo-xy-]IO)KHHKA.

B nacrue x Traqenro MuxeruaH AeJruncrr rpaHAnoslrbrM3aMbrcJroM: <<... qrs 6rarorosefrHo rraMflTb rro3Ta ri Apyfa cBo-ero, MHorI{M euy o6nsaHHHtl s cBoeM xyAo}KecTBeHHoM [r

HpaBcrBeHHoM pa3BurHr.r, Bo3HaMepr.tJrcn npe,u,rrpHHflTb Bo

cJraBy ero HMeHlr o6ruupuefturfirl fi orgercrgesgeriruufi ceq-rofi rpyA, H3Aarb B no.IIHoM o6reue Bce H3 rropuecrna [IIee-qeHKo Bo3MoxHoe Anfl ueH3ypHblx ycnoBr,rft ueqarn B [rJr!'rro-crplrpoBaHHoM Br.rAe, c ltpl.rJroxeHuoro QaxcnMr.rJre r{ co Bcexero co6crseHHbrx pHcyHKoB, a raK)Ke Bce BocnoMwrarwfl oHeM coBpeMeHHi.rKoB u 4pysefi, a raK)I{e H Bcex My3brKaJrbHbrxnpongBeAeuuft pasuux KoMno3uropoB Ha ero rexcrbr>>.

I'1 Muxeuruu, pa6orocnoco6socrr Koroporo flopax(aflaBCeX, npIaHflncfl ocyqecTBJlrrrb STor 3aMblcer'L

OH noArorosfin I roM <<I4n.nxrcr|npoBauHoro Ko6aapa>r,qegueiruero xyAo)KecrBeHHoro c6cpHura, rocBtIIrIeHHorolllenqeuro. 19 nunapn 1896 roaa oH yMep Bo BpeMn pa6orunaa II roMoM.

PlrcyHxu MltxeruaHa, cBfl3aHHbIe c [IIeeqeHxo,-JII.TII]bqacrb, xorfl r.r cyilIecTBeHHas, ero ofpoMHoro npa$ltuecxoroHacJreAr.rfl. Henpeasorl4eHbl ero pttcyHKu K <<Buro>> n <<Crpaur-Hoi.i uecrl.r>> fororq. XyAoxnnx c ttopasuTeJltuoft r.ny6uuoft,r.{3flr{ecrBoM fl aprxcrfir{ecrofr rporecKHocrb}o nepeAaJl roHH C qeM He CpaBHHMOe HaCTpOeHLIe, KOTOpOe BO3HHKaer IIpUqreHIlH 3TI,IX xyrKo-3axBarblBarou.iltx, IIoorHqHbrx nosec'reft.

B 60-x roAax Mnxeuas corpyAuuqar B nporpeccr.rBHoMcarr.rpuqecxoM xypHare <<l,lcxpa>>, rAe eMy, B qacrHocrrr,rrpHHaAnexHT gHaMeHr4Tbni, ro.nuufi ncxpouerHoro ocrpo-yMr-rr pr-rcyuor <SnurpaMMa>) A.ns o6noxxu. CorHn, eCluHe rbrcflqH cBor{x BHpTyo3Hbrx pr4cyHr(oB noMecTHJr oH B<<fluefie>>, Koropyo vrcI\aBaJr He paAr.t BbrfoAbr, a sa6orqct orrpocBeuIeHHH HapoAa.

l{ Hecmorpn Ha ro qro >KypHa,'r r.t3-3a orcyrcrBufl KoMMep-qecKoro olbrra Mareurrna pa3opflJr ero, [3AareJrb He nepe-CTABAJI 3AHI,IMATbCfl AM AO KOHIIA )KH3HH.

flosH a xol\.r[Brrrtrcb c MnreurnHbl M H ero rrpor4sBeAen r.r ff M 14,

SpanqyecxuIi nogr TeoSanl forle Ha3Badr Mnxaana Ocuno-BHrra pyccKutrl Maxe.naHAxeJro.

f H ESAA KPblJrATblX CJIOB

o JrecHofi npoceJroqnoft Aopore He

cneua t.lAer Mo,qoAofi qe,roseK. HaHeM ttapyc[HoBar py6axa, nopbt-x{e,rtble, ncIIblTaBlxI1Ie He[oroAbl ca-norH,

OH ro H AeJro HaKJroHflercrr, Boporxt4T sa o6oqnHecyxHe Jrr.rcrr,R cBe)KecrpyraHbrrr{ nocorrrKoru. VnH6aqcr,.ttto6yercn ceuuefi fApenbtx 6oponnuxon. Ho xorn ganre.{HarfiMerxoK rroqrn rrycr, rpH6sr os He co6apaer... I4sorAa pasBecopBeT H c'becT cneJryro nrcAy 3eMJrfHHKtt, MtrMO XOrOpOrirpJ,AHo paBHoAyrrrHo npofirn - raK oHa KpacHBa, coqHa vllylxHcTa.

C.nlrunrcn [ryM, noKa3brBaercrr Kaypafl JloruaAeHKa. 6ol-po noMaxuBafl roJroBofi, ona Be3er rer'rery, floaHyro rilyptlraule-ro xBopocra.

t{yaoru npHMocrtrBruucb coBceM c6oxy, Ha reJlere cvlurruyx<Hx B Bbrcor{oM fpeIxHeBHKel. flpoxoxlrri nosaopoealca,n4yx{rfK rpoHyJr rroBoAbfl, JrouaAb cTaila.

- !,a.nexo ,rrb ao Konornnoea, [paBocJranuuri?- cnpo-cn,r rpoxoxnfi.

- 4a BepcroB ceMb a,'rb BoceMb 6yeer.

- Mepruux?- npoxoxuli cBepr{HyJr sy6auu B yx-I\IbIJIKC.

- Ba6a Mepflr'ra, Aa BepeBKy o6opea,rra,- 6oirxo s rolleMy orBerrrJr npoeexufi. OH y6eau.rrcfl, qro 6apuH 6yAer <<ueI{3 BA}I(IIbIX>.

- il,a ru, ro.ty6uzK, apxaHre,tucrrri,- yBepeHHo BbrNlor-BrrJr rryrrrnx.- 3x xyAa re6a saHecd'ro...

A{yxnx noAo)r(AaJr, He cxa)Ker d.rn rrpoxo)Kufi eure qero.[']oronr roqecaJr 3a yxoNr h cnpocu,T, He 6yaer na y ero 6na-fopoarrfl uyror ra6auxy.

- He Aepx(y. cepreuui,rir, a Bor fpHBeHHHK Ha BoAKyl.t3Bodrlb.

- A6pocr.rrra caM He ttpocrlr, a aaAyr - He 6pocrzr,-ocxna6u,rcs My)I{}rK.

- flo6a.narypr.trb 6u c ro6ofi, KpacHocrroBou... /[a ceno-aHn MHe Her.ocyr, n re6l 3arepx(r4Barb He xovy. A eornpfixonu-Ka ltt e KofloruJroBo a e as6e y L4tan Ceuerroeafoc[oAuHa Mar<cur*,loea cnpocu. t{aiixour no6a.nyeurca...

Myx<ux roxJroHr.rJlcn. I-lyruux notrral KoriledrreK, B Ko,t.o-pon 3BnKHy,rra cKyAHafl Me,toqb. ,i\[yxux 6epexlro r]3flr 3a-cKopy3JrbrrvrH naJlbuaMH MoHeTy, etrle pa3 noKJtolrr.rJtcfl H npl4_qMoKHyJt B CTOpOHy Jror.ilaaenKU

_Cxopo npoxoxl.ui Bbt[Iedt uil iio",rnHy. OH c6pocun Me[IoKrt 6eega6orHo noBaJtt,lJrcr B ryc'ryro naxyqyto rpaBy.

I IperuHeBltK-rolr.rgnori y6up pyecxor.o Klrec.t.brrHrlHa npounofo BeKa.

88

,[,onro cMorpeJl, 3aKHHyB 3a ronoBy pyKlr, Ha BeqHo Me-Hflrorrlue cnon Qopuy, To raroulile n ue6e, To Hapo)I(Aaloullte-cs o6.nara. O qeu-ro AyMat, oH 6yAto npucJlylxuBaJlcn K

rosqafiueuy ttepesBoHy n crpeKorar-rnlo e eucoxori rpaBe.Buuyn as MerrrKa xapasari u Hox, JIoBKo orpe3aJt JIoMorbfi rycTo nocblnaJr coJrbro. Hacrtrugrrlucb, Hanr.rBrrllcb BoAbIlr3 KJrr,oqa, florJrfl,u,eBllln ellle M14HyTbr ABe Ha ynopHylo Bo3HK)

MypaBbeB y Hof, JrerKo Kr.IHyJr KoroMKy 3a nJleqfi H 3alrarat/Ia,'IbIIIe.

...8 1850 roAy, nocrynuB nocJle Kocrponncxoti rnusagusB Mocxoscruft yHunepcurer Ha MeAnunucxuh Qaxy"ltte'r,Maxculvroe BcKope c6nugsncs c raK Hagrtsaerloft <<Mod'to-

Aofi peAaxquefi> )KypHa,ra <<MocxnurqHIIH>> - KpylxKot\{,lAe Ayuofi 6un A. H. Ocrpoacrr.rfi. On qacro caM rrvrancBofi flbecbl. Cnyuran ero, MaKcI{Mos 6H,'I IIoKopeH Mer'-r(ocrbr,o peuu OcipoBcKoro. VAusL.Irr ero I.I Apyrofi nucarens,3eMJlsK-KocrpoMr.rq A,rexceft l*luceucrufi. V roro xorbcJror H se 6nucran, 3aro cauu Qurypbl BbIXOAITJILI KoJlopHr'sue. 14 cKoJrbKo HacMeIITKL H ilpe3peHllfl TaI4JrH oHLI K ABo-pflHaM, K BbtcoKonocTaBfleHHbrM cl,IflTer'lbHblM caHoBHHKaM H

ry6epHcr<uru qnHosHI4xa[4 !

B Aercrne, Korir,a xHJr s recuofi rJIyIxH nocaAcKoro ro-poAKa flap$eurleea, Ceprefi BacrJreeuq 6es KoHua, 6brga-Jro, cJIy[aJr paccKa3bI peMecJIeHHLIKoB-orxoAHHKoB, yxojlHB-rrrrrx Ha sapa6orxu e flnrep. Paccxastt sru 6u.trl flepecbtIa-HbI KpacHbtMH CJIOBUaMU, KaK qepHl'lKa B JIyKOIXKe

- 3eMJIA-

uuxofi.B xpyxre MaxcuMoe roJIbKo BocropfaJlcn Ocrpoecxutrt ll

flnceucxuru, Ho caM o [LlcareJlbcrBe He noMbIIIIJIflJl, po6e;tnpr.r MbrcJre o co[epHLIqecrBe. Ou pellan npoAoJIXarb rlIeAH-qr.rHcKoe o6pasonaune, nepeexaJl n flerep6ypr I{ 3aHI'IMaJIctle MeAnxo-xlipypruqecKotl araAeuun.

OAHaro BcKope cpeAH KaMeHHblx rpoMaA ropo,u,a 3acoca-ra ero rocKa no ruxllM MocKoBcKHM rlepeynKaM L ABOpI'l-KaM, no Ocrponcxotrly Lt MocKoBcKHM Apy3bqlt, no flaptpeHru-eBy, lro crapnnHblM rIaMflTHItKaM Kocrpoutt, no BceMy tlcKoH-Ho pyccKoMy.

Bo apeun Ao;r6exxu cxyuHofi JIarbIHIl BcraBa,'llt nepeAuuu eeuepetourafl Kocrpoua,,u,epeByilIKn, qepHble IIoKocHB-ttll4ecg n36u, cnoBHo ona.IleHHbte AoroparcunMll d'lyr{aMH, uHa 3aBad'rr.tHxe-6ueanrte IIHTepIILIKLI c ux paccxasaun. t{y-

Ar4Jrr,rcb eMy xopoBoAbt, KpecrbsHcKl{e Hrpbl u o6pn4lt, H KaK-

ro cpasy BbIJutJIcfl ua 6yuary 3aAylxeBHblli, 6orarltfi noApo6'

r{ocrflMn oqepK - <<KpecrlrucKue nocr{AeJrKrr a l(ocrpou-cxofi ry6epnun>>. Ero HaleqaraJr xypHaJr <<En6nuorei<a AilnqreHnr>. Bcxope 6unt ory6.nr.{KoBaHbr Han&car.rHbre rox(e ttoKocrpoMcKr.rM BneqarfleugflM oqepKu <<l4gso3,{Hru>, <LIJBe-qbl>>, <<Mafl fl p>, <<Ceprau >>.

Ouepxn srr.r sar{HrepecoBaJrn Vleana Cepreernva Typre-Heea. Bonce He3HaKoMufi c o6pn4aMn ceBepHoro KpecrbrrH-crna, TypreueB BnepBbre qr{TaJr y MaxcuuoBa, Aa erqe c ra-KnMH rroorllqecKr.IMH no4po6uocrflMLI, o BcsKr.rx <<cylpqAKax>u <<lrocHAeJIKax>>. OH, KoHer{Ho, orAa"'r AoJrxHoe He6eso6fiA-HOMy HapOAHOMy roMopy, HenccrKaeMan crpyfl KoToporoTaK A 6nna s onucanHoft MaxcuMoeur\4 ltHcueHr.rpoBKe<<BapuH roJrbrrl>>. C,ronou, nepeA HHM gpr.rMo flporxeJl BecbKpyr Hexr.rrpbrx pa38/reqesnfi KocrporvrcKoro KpecrbsHHHa,r{3HypeHgoro rpyAoM r syxAoii, Ho He yrparusuero ceoeiinprapo4Hort BeceJrocrr.r u cauo6urgoro rBopqecrBa. Ecrb cBrr-Aered'rbcrBo, vro TypreHeey oco6o noJlro6lrrcq oqepK uCep-raq>>- o MeABexbeM Box(aKe, noSTl,trtHo onHcaEHoM Bfloc,leA-crBlIH TaK)Ke n HexpacoBbrM B <<leHepa.ne Tonrttruse>>.

Typrener ltplrrnacaJr Maxcuuona r ce6e. KorAa cMyrileH-Hrtfr roHoura rrpnlxeJr, nracrurr,rrl fiucareJrb Apy)KecKH nporr-HyJr eMy pyxy. flo6purr,rr,r 6apxarHtrnnu rnasaru I"IsauCepreeon,l BHHMarer'rbHo rJrrrAer'r na opo6eourero nocerlt-TeJIfl, C r.rHTepecoM c,ryuad'r, a Ha IIpotllaHbe cKa3a,'r:

- 3naere uro... Crynarire-ra B HapoA, ua6nnAafire,usyuafire ero Ha Mecre, sanacartrecb cBe)KrlM MarepuaJrolt.V sac xopouue sar,arrv. Aopora flepeA BaMa orKpbrra.

Crosa grrz pelunnu yr{acrb MaxcnMosa. Ou no4yman:<<A eeAb a npaBx,a. Anercau4p HrxonaesHu Ocrponcxali

BOT OTKpr,rJI }Ke Uonrrfi, segUaXOlrblfi AOCeJre MHp - Kyneqe-cxoe 3anrocKBopeqbe. f,, npazga, c Ocrpoacrr4M He cpaBHrocb,HO BCe X{e HerrJrOXO 3HarO KOCTpOMCKO|O My}KHKa H OTXOAHT.T-

xa. 3saxorra MHe fl Kycrapb, r.r Macreposofr, n npoctoli )KnreJrbMeJIKTIx ropoAalxex Ij nocaAoB, 3arpanesHbrri uaru 6par,3axorycrHbrfi npocronrc4aH. Bce ouu AocroriHbr BHr{MaHuflJrr{Teparopa He MeHee, qeM saMocKeopeqxufi Kyneu, a euieHe orrucaHbr, He 3HaKoMbr oreqecrBeHHoMv rllrrareJrro. flvcrsOcrpoacxufr c llaceiracxuM cosAanr carupruecxne runri. flxe 6yay BhrnorHflrb 3a.[aqy nocxporuHeft, craHy orrucbrBarbBce KaK ecrb c Harypbl, Bo3bMy 3a ocHoBy Saxr rr AoKyMeHT.3aro sa6epycb B TaKue Ae6pn, KaKHe croflr.rrrHbrM nuTeparo-paM H HeseAonaul..>>

Co6upanca HeAoJrro. !,eHer Ha esAy He 6buro, Ho oH He

90

neqarrrJrcn. PaccyAr,r 3ApaBo: B efo npeAnpvflrvu [erxKoMxoAHTb, a He 6apuuoM e3AI{Tb-gHarIHT yx(e noJloBrtry AedracAeJrarb. LI, saxnrrys Ba rrJrequ Aopox(Hyro KoroMKy, oH or.nparr'rrrercfl B neruee nyremecrBr.re no Kocrpoucxorl u Bna-4nuupcroft, I-Inxeropo4cxori a Bsrcxofi ry6epuunu.

...Bor aAer-6pelet Marculroe, rAe npncraHer K apreJ'rrtIr/IorHraKoB, rAe eto noABe3er MyxHK, HaBeillaBrunfi xyua scoceAHeM cene. !,o6poAyrxHoMy, HenprxorJurBoMy ltpoxoxe-My orBeAyr s rlo6ori ua6e .nyuruufi yro;r Ha HoqJrer, ero H Hacna4l6y [pnrJracflr, oH Be3Ae AoMa. Os ue o6nAur xo3qr{Ha,He orKaxercr or npocrocepAeqHo npe4noxeHuorl nficKHqeri. 3arc xorAa saBeAercr xorb He6ontuas AeHbfa - paAnoAeJIIZTbCfl C nepBblM BCTperrHbrM.

Ou He npficraer c paccnpocaMu, He Jre3er B Aytily. l'l nor..HOTOTHafl CaMa pa3Bep'rbIBaeTcR nepeA HLrM, ToJrbKo ycrreBaHyrpaAxoft, qro6u He BHAeJra JrroAt't, 3anucbrBarb. B crapocruoH cKaxeT:

- HarorAa fl K npocrblM JtloAflM He noAJraxliBaJrcfl, IrenoAJrnsbrBaJrcn. Tepnerr sroro MyxHK He ruoxer. f scerAaJraAaJr c Hr..rM u ysHaBaJr Bce, qro uue rpe6onaJrocb.

flap$enrreB BcrpernJr ero 3HaKoMbrM rrIyMoM flecos. HH-qTo SAecb He r.r3MeHr.tJlocb, a ecJlr{ KaKHe [epeMeHbr ll flpo-H3ourJra, To K xyArrrerrry. 14 craJro eMy rcpbKo. floo6eeruanuAoMa, noKpr.rBaJrllcb oKHa H sa6opu, a HoBbrx crpoeHnfi uro-To He 3aMeqad'rocb. Aa u HapoA Ha y/tuue fiorraAaJrcrr Bce6eAHo oAerur? u raroft-ro osa6o'reHulrfi. MarcnmoB 3ant4-cblBaer: <<..,Her HH oAHofo KaMeHHoro AoMa, a 6o,tlnaq qactl,AepeBflHHbrx nporHH!'rH .ILo cJIe3, noKpprBr.tJr?rcb Ir floJrypa3py-rrrr.rJnrcb. Ha c;lo6o,uKy noArre rnaA6nula, orAer'reHHyro orrlocaAa rny6oxHrvr oBparoM... fi raflAerb 6ontno... Hapa4 xu-re;reri Ao cr.rx eule nop Ha 6onsruyn qacrb rrrbercrr r.r3 Ao[{o-TKaHbrx uarepuft... He gocsr noca,rlcKue nanreft Tod'rbKo noro-My, qTo coBecTHo 3To focnoAaM MerrIaHaM, Ho oKpecTHbteKpecrbflHe Bce crIJIoIUb o6yru e AeuesHft rIpoAyI{T 6epeso-Boro u JlnnoBoro AepeBa: B <<rxerrryHbr>> fi ilanrv. CRoeonlcKasarb - nocancKas 6eAsocrl cKBo3LIT oroBcroAy>>.

MaKcraMosa sauHTepecoBaJro, qeM xe 3anr.rMar,orcfl trap-$enrleerlu, Ha qro oHH cylqecrBylor - cepr,esHuft Bonpoc,xoropufi B AercrBe y Hero IIo MadlloJlercrBy He Mot Bo3HI.IK-uyrr. Tor4a oH ToJIbKo gHaJl, tITo HapsAy c >KLITeJInMI{ no-caAa cyuecrBylor orxoAHHKH. A ceftqac oI{ aoKonaJIcfl Ao ca-ulrx xopuefi cyqecrBoBaHI4t cBotax 3eMJIlKoB.

Ce.nrcrgu xosqilcteoM napQenrleellbt, cqLITaBIIIfiecf, xu-

9l

rc.1,tllr.r nocaAa, He 3aHrlr\{aJrficb. fIpaBAa, Her(oTopbre H3 Hrrx,TC, rrro >KHJIH nO6JIH3OCT[I K AepeBHe, IIbrraJIHcb, noMHMo cBo-H.\ r4u3epHbrx oropoAoB, nocerrrb Ha flycrbrpflx Koe-qTo H33;iaKoB. tlro xe oHLI Mor"tu rlo.ryyqtlTb, ec,{LI Aa)Ke y oKpecr-rri,i\ Kpecrbflrt <<To, qro BbtceBaercfl, Ha uecroti roA, roJIoA-r{L}r rr, BcerAa He AoxoAr.rT, Ho r.t B cqacT/rr4Boe BpeMf poAHTcfiTo.'rbKo cau 3-ri, cana 4-ft, or6lrsag or 3eMJrH BcflKyIo Ha-At'x(Ay>>...

flcHo, vro nap$eHrtee[br Aod,rx{Hbl 6u;ul gaHunnarbcfl pe-llrrcJIeHHLiqecrBoM, rtpHrIeM Ha cropoHy, a6o ltecrnoe Haced'Ie-s;re s 6o.nlur.IHcrBe cauo o6cny)r{HBarro cBon Hexurpble Hyx-4ur. I4urre, MeHee 6pesr.nunue, rroAaBaJ'Iltcb, BnpoqeM, B KouI-Kt){8BbI,- BOpOBCKLI O3Hpancb, d'IOB}IJI[, IAe npUAeTCfl, KO-uict<.. Eyrea,rrbgo 3a fporxg oHH orAaBanu etoi Heo6uqsufi('r.oBap>) 6apuurHuxaM, Koropble, B cBoro oqepeAb, HenJroxoria)KI{Barrcb, orBo3lrJrn ero B AepeBurc llloxruy 6nus fa,rava,Ha r(oxeBeHHbre 3aBoAbt.

Kro as MyxcKoro HaceJrerrufl flapQeHrlesa 6Hn no6ofi-qee, re IIIJIH B Bnrcxyro H Aaxe llepucxyro ry6epuno xoHo-BaJraMr.r l,Inr.i 3Haxapnrvru. ,(pyrne soo6ue Ha Jrero yxoAHJrr.rHeu3Becrrro KyAa B noucKax c.nyuaftuoro aapa6orra.

OcHosrias x{e Macca Hace,reuuq HarxJra g-enerruft Bbrxoan-c6ope rpn6on. Jho6onHo, noApo6Ho H co BKycoM oflncbrBaJrMarcuuon nenpeaaorlaeHHofo Macrepa rpra6nbir oxorH I,Iea-ua Mnxenqa.

C6op rpn6os! 9ro Moxer 6url npuRrHee, qeM yrpeHnflflnporyJrKa no AbrMffuleMycs or uoquoft pocbr necy B rrolrcKax3rono qyAa npnpoAbr - rpu6a... fpa6a. c urlsnxofi Hade-KpeHb, cJroBHo frpnBercrByrouero re6fl, t4Jrv, uao6opor,cnpflTaBrxerocfl Bo Mxy, 3a [HeM, MexAy r(opHfMlr.

Cxo.nlxo Kaprr.rH HarrucaJrli xyaoxiuxll, aso6paerla,ry-AecHr,re Aapbr pyccKoro jreca To B Br4Ae pacTyqeii y nHn ceMbr.rrry3arbrx, KaK KyrreqecKue rlepKBH, 6opoouroa-rrod,rKoB_HI'rKOB, TO B BHAe X(XBOTIIICHO BbICbIIIaBIIIIlXCfl I,I3 KOpStrHblnoAocuHoBr.rxos, noA6epe3oBHKoB... Onn nucrynaror B rlapru-Hax LI CKa3KaX X{ItBbIMr4 CyIqecTBaMH, ACnbITbIBanT BCeBO3_I\IOXHbIC TID I'KJIIOqCHIt'...

3ra noegfin, arz 6ecne{HHe rrporyJrKr,r no recy sa rpn6a-MH xopo[o 6Hnu agsecrHbr cocroflreJrbubrM nerep6ypixqaMtr MocKBHqaM, Bbresx(aBrrruM JreroM Ha Aaqa. BxyceH )KapeH_srrui c nyKoM rpn6, apomareH cyrueHbtil_ Aan cyna, a xorrlyeue 6o.nee nrc6 npu6 MapHHoBaHHstfi nnn colenslft.

OAHaro noAo6uas (<JrHpHKa>, Bepuo, He cyqecrBoBaJra

92

A.rn lap$eHrbeBcKl.rx (<rpu6HHKoB>>. I4u HeKorAa 6ulo pac-cnrarpilBarb n BocTopfaTbcfl TeM, KaK pacryT, KaK BbIrJItl-

Aflr,- y.nu6anrcr I,IJII flilaqyr, rpH6u. OHH sHarn oAHo:rroKa ecrb B necy rpu6u - IIx HyxHo co6part L KaK Moxno6o.qrure.

fpu6u He ycreBa,'ul pacrn. Onrtrurte, gHaIoIIIHe <<Mecra>rpn6Hrrru B pa3rap ce3oHa o6upanu ece rpn6u s 6rasrexa-urlrx Jrecax. flpyrue [rdrrn B Aa,'IeKae pourH Ir nepeJlecKn, cra-paflcb, oAHaKo, He napyularb rpaHIIubI enaAeHHIi xnreleficoceAHl{x ce,r.

<<C5oporrr rpn6or,- coo6u{ar MaKcuuoe,- 3aHllMalorcttBCe, OT Nladrla AO BeJIHKa, C paHHerO yTpa, MOXTHO CKa3aTb,c nepBblM ,'ryr{oM BocxoAflrqero coJrHr{a... cxoAflT B AeHb pa3Ao nnrlr H Bo3Bpalqarcrcs o6uxlroBeHHo oqeHb nogAHLIM Be-qeporr>.

C erHorpa$uqecxoil ToqHocrbro, BHeIuHe 6eccrpacruo, HoocraR.nrrfl y6uricrneHuoe Brler{arr'IeHue y vlttateflefi, Maxcu-NroB orNreqaeT, qTo 3arracTyI0 ApeBHlre, eABa nepeABHfaloqlterrofu crapyxu BbIHyxAeHbI I.IcKarb rpHdu s l0-15 Bepcraxor AoMa. Kynqu-nepeKyrIuI'IKLr IIJIaTI4JI14 ItM 3a rIoJIHyto Kop-3uHy necKo,'rbr{o KoiIeeK. A senoaareKy, B ropoAe Cyauc"rra-ec, noAo6uo orpouuorl [oraHKe, qro [bIIIIHo 14 HafJIo pa3po-cr'rzcb r{3 HaBo3e, 6.naroAescrBoBaJl <<rpn6Hofi KopoJIb) -Ky[eu flanynzu. Ha rpu6ax oH HaxtIBa,'I no 150 rbtcttt{ B

fo.u..Ellroaa,'r y nap$eHrteBueB eure oAHH rlpoMbtcen - 6po-

Aflrree fioprHrxHr.rqecrBo. O sent Maxcur,tos paccKa3a"t B

oqepKe <<f[Iseubr>>. Llleellrt rtepexoAlld'rrr c Mecra ua ltecro, o6-rrir{Ba,ru HacefieHue. 3auacryrc t,ts-ga 6eAHocrI4 xI{TeJIeft ounrroJryqa,ru BMecro rlJlarbt xapqa, roBopn H Ha roM cnacn6o.lloKa xneer araxufi noprHflx{Ka n uletl-un6yAb u36e, [Iberrr Jlaraer gv nyHbl Aa ryJlynbr, xa$rauu u no,'lyury6xu - ecrH rrber c xo3fleBaMn. Kouqr,r - I,tAer Aa.lb[Ie.

Crarr IxBeuoM, ecJIt{ aa)Ke cbI3Mar'IbcrBa HMeenb cl{o-poBKy,- He raK-ro npocro. Tu cnepna npotl4u BbIyqKy y<<MacTepa>> I,I TorAa JII,lllIb floJlyqHub [paBo xoA]lTb c ItfJIoHno ceJraM, a noKa nopa6orarl Ha Hero.

Marcnnros He pa3 Ha6.noAal, KaK 3aApeMaBlllefo HJILqyrb gaMerrrKaBluerocq yqeHHKa <<Macrep>) npe6olluo crefaJln.nerxoli c sacrbIBIIIHM Ha KoHue KycKoM Bapa.

Taxne oqepKlt nucarertl, xax <<lpn6oBI{I'lK>> unn <fllneuu>,npilrn/lrlJlHcb He COBCeM nO BKyCy IIeKOTOpbIM qUTaTeJIflM.

Criaqa.na oHn rIJIeHnJILIcb, Hallpl4Mep, olncaHnenr flapSenrl-

eBa, oKpyxaBrrrux ero rop H coceH, 6.nnxsnx ll .[a,'rbHtrx.qyrots r noneil. I-lo AoqaruBaJrrr Ao.r.ex Mecr, rAe fiso6pa-x(arorcfl crapyxa rpu6uHqu, E orqyqaJrn ro, rrro HcnHru-ea-er HHorAa raxolrqIrlurlcl. rpa6auu: fiorraAaercff BApyr ra-Kafl loper{b, I{To He no ce6e cTaHeT.

Kopo6u;ru nHbrx r{r.rrare.nefi a rarr4e oqepKrz, xax <<[Iurep_-rrIHK>). fi_epeneuc]roro napHr flerpyxy ornpannam e lftareirHa sapa6orxrz. fipyroro BbrxoAa Her - B AepeBHe eMy Kop-Mltrbcs HerIeM, xorb c foJroAa noAuxari. A ue flurepa, rdrfi-Ar{rrrb, vro-un6yAl a a_ us6y npnHecer. Eyaer flerpyxa ao-6upamcn cHaqaJra Ao Mocrsu <<pucqoli Aa neureqxbiau. A e6enoraueusofi pasurqer Hzxoraeecxali soxsa il v Ha nvrflxsa6eperca yrpa4xori a nopoxur.rfi u rpasHlrri BaroH, s xbro-poM HeBecrt xaxori roBap Bo3uJrr4. V npuxarnr llerpyxa afllrrep, ,rro6u r{epe3 KaKHe-Hu6yAt HecKoJrbKo Jrer, BAoBo.rrbHaxre6asul{cb croJlur{Horo )KHTbfl, xar-uu6yAl cKaearb rrptlC.TIVTIAC CO B3AOXOM:

- Hy a 6aruura llnrep! Bce 6ora eurep!A noxa, co6pae cuHa r.r xax 6u onpan4blBaffcb, orerl

ro Bop I{T 3 a r.I cKr.rB a rcxlr.I M, r.r 3 BHHfl rou{r.r M Crr ToHoM :

- Celrr,s y Hac u 6es roro 6onlruax... 3ennnuuer? sacrrrr.rp o6aAe.n, caM BeAaelrrb: oTBeJru flecoK AJIg rro)KHH, Aa HJIyfa-To yrJIoM Ha Csatenoscxoe 6onoro BbrrrL'IH. Xort so.T-Kon,I eorl, roBflAr.rHKr,r-To Bor c pox{AecrBa He BLrAaJrra. Ox,rflxeJro, flerponanyura, 6ontuo rqxero! tr4 uuxax rbr rvrlre nDlrcnoco6uutcs!

!,enaoxparaqecf(ar ny6nuxa raKr{e oqepKu, uao6opor,trpaBercrBoBaJra. OHa, ecrecrBeHHo, coctaenr.na 6o.nruuicr-Bo t{t{rareJlefi noAo6uofo poAa Jrr4reparypbr. BuxoArlu HgH143oB, 6eAgue cryAeHTr,I, MeJIKIze qLIHoBHbIe cflyxau1fie, yrIH-TeJIff qacTo Haxo,{,[IJII{ B HenpuTflSaTeJIbltblx, npaBAHBbIX, BCe_raa crlHcaHHbrx c HaTypbr MaKCT4MOBCKLX CUeHKaX nepex(n-roe fi nepeqyBCTBoBaHHOe.

I(ar, o caMoM AeJIe, [ocJre npoqreHtrfl oAHoro r.r3 or{epKoBHe Lr03Myulatr,cR <<6ylbrHflMr.t>>... Kax norul, qro oAofleBaertoJroAHoro u 6o.tluoro, 6yntrHl..l troflBJrfl,/Ilrcb Ha ceJre B caMyrocrpaAHyro A,tr KpecrbflHuHa nopy - B AHH y6opxra. Ceulvr,He uMeBIxIte B AoMe MyxquH, H3 cr.tJr gtr6aeanficl, .nuurt 6uorpa6orart o6por< H noAyrxHoe r.I xorb HeMHoro ganacru ce-6e. Cer?qac IzM Hexof.qa r{r.rHr.rTb Hexnrpufi nayxuqxaft aHBeH-Tapb, rroJroMasuJufrcs Bo BpeMrr pa6or, noKynarb ero roxeHeKofAa, Aa r.{ He Ha qro. A 6y.nlrHu ryr KaK ryr c HoBeHb_Kr{MH cepnaMlr H KocaMu, rpa6nalan H B:z.ilarv, n BceM

94

[poqLIM cnapsxeHneM. ,[aror <<3aAapMa> - ronlro 6epn.- 3ato oceHllo He B3bIIqn: o6Aepyr KaK nunKy. 3a6epyr n

xo,'rcrbl, LI BoJIoKHa, u flpqxy. flocne 6ynuHefi uo au6apyxorb lxapoM noKarl{, He aaft 6or, uro c,'Iyqr?cq B 9To Bpe-

N{s c xopMnnsqeu! floiilenl c Ma,aor'IerKallrn_flo MI{py'xaK no[IJIa nocJle cMepr]t Myxa KpecrbnnKa Cuqeea us

""t81:olTffifH1?r*.r{MoBa, neqaraBIIIHecr B }nvpHarle<<Eu6nuorera Ails qreHIIg>>, cocraBl'IJII{ AByxroMHylo KHI'rry<<,Ilecuas rJIVIub>>. Hanncan oH 3a cBolo ceMnAecgrl-IrerHmroxr{3Hb (183i-1901 rr.) eue HeMarlo t<ttur noAo6Horo poAa.

OH sar.nnuyJl B raxne 3axoJlycrbn, rAe paub[Ie He 6Hean HH

oAuu nncaie.nl. A rraBHoe, .nrc6oeHo noKa3afl rpyaonoft .no4B efo IroBceAHeBHOCTlI, qro MOf cAeJIaTb TOJIbKO TaKOI{ JI}'ITe'

parop, xoropuft xun oAuoit c HHM xI,I3HbIo.)(euuyrauu HapoAHofo HcKyccrBa 6oraro nepecbtrlaHa

ero KHHra <<foA sa ceBepe>). ,[,ansHrlft Bocror u Vpal, flcxos-rquHa a flpuracnnficrafi rpafi, CuoneuuruHa n BenopyccunrocrenpulrMHo BcrpeqaJllr MarcuMosa, 3HaKoMLIJIU ero cocBor.rMr.r o6nqasul.t H HpaBaMI{. Mecra srn }KI.IByr cnoeft,npucylleft r.rM )KHsHbro; B ero oBeflHHbIx pouaHruxofi ruu-rax oHrr uBeTyT, KaK qBerer rro BecHe rrpocHyB[Iagc9 K Ho-sofi xnsrru crenb. flHrnugHft H nrc6oeHarenssrtft qnra-TeJIb r.I cefiqac c yAoBoJIbcrBHeM 6eper noreltHeBttlue, 3a-nbrd'renHble or BpeMeHr,I KHLIrI: <<Ha socroxe>>, <<Trcpuaa uccblr'IbHble>>, <<EpoAauaa Pycr>>, <<PaccNaeu Hg )Iil.rgHlI cra-poo6pa4qen>>. MarcunaoB Harr[caJr yBJreKareJrbHyro KHlIry-oqepK, e xotopofi nepeA Hat\,Ifi npoxoAflT Be,'rttKoJIeIIHbleKaprHHbI pyccxofi AepeBHLI, naxorbl, ceBa I{ y6oprn, ue"nr-HHqHbrx pa6or u 6asapoe, peqHblx npucraueft, x,ne6unx6upx. Bce ABr4xercq H ITIyML{T, Be3Ae cJrbrlllarcrBbrpa3r.rTeJrbHafl poAHafl perlb I{ 3aAyuIeBHbIe necHLIpaAocrr.r u fopr. flncare.nt B KHLITe <<Ky,'tl xne6a rI eto no-XOxAeHI'Ifl>) MaCTepCKI'I [OKa3ao'I' IITO 3HaqI'IT Anfl pyCCKOTO

KpecrbrrHr{Ha noruruir cJIeSaMLI I,I noAqac roplrrli, Ho Ha-cyurHufi poaHoft <<xre6yruxo>>. Or oqepKa raK ,r laxnernpocropoM poAHbrx IIIKIIIKLIHCKHX nOfler"{, rAe BbI3peBaeTBbrcoKaq KoJrocxcrafl pyccKafl poxb.

...B rnyxnx AepeBHflx fopecrHo Iorflrcn qepHble, y6orlteas6yruxn noA pacrpenaHHblMlt coJIoMeHHbIMIl xpuruanaz. BAOlKAn, HerroroAbr, B HenpoJrasHyn rpfl3b, KorAa no AepeBHeHr{ KoHHoMy He npoexarb, HH neIUeMy ue npofiru, oHIt fioxo-xu Ha 6esyreuHo pblAalotrlnx BAoB II crapyx. Bt'l6uexllrecR

Hs cr.rJr, l.r3HypeHHbre pa6cTBoI!1, [OAaBJIeHHbIe Beflur{fleM fi Ta_[rHcrBe_HHocrbro npHpoAbr, To g,rroBeuleil, ro ao6porl, ro Katt-pr.rsHori, Jlr,oAr4 oKpyxunu ce6s Mucrr{qecKofi eep6r? Bo Bce[ro-ryurylo Heqr-rcryr,o cr.ury.

Maxcu nlos cosAar Jrro6onurueliuylo B r.rcrop r.rr rr,ruponoirJrareparypbt KHr.tfy: <<He,rucrafl a HeeeAot{aR cu,larr. K'6o.rrr-IlIoMy coxaJIeHlIIo' oHa yBHAeJIa cBer JIIiIIjb rIocJIe ero cr{ep-Tr.r H BolrrJra a l8-ri ToM co6paHun coqaHeslrrl nucare,ro.Sxseunlrp rarofi KHHrH s .tt-nqHori 6n6.rurrorexe - flpeaMer3aBncrr.t co6upare.neri- 6a6naoQz.non.

<<Crogr Jleca reMHbte or 3eMJIu n Ao rte6a>>,- noror cdre-rrbre cTapubr no.flpMapKaM, BOCXBaJTfls IIoABtrrH Moryqqx pyc-cxux 6orarurperl u 6opl6y Hx c [pupoAHbrMu r]pennrcrBnrrM]t.Her sz flpoxoAa, Hrc npoe3Aa: HeoAo,{r.tMoji n.norHofi arauoiiKax(yrcfl cnHeroIrIHe BLaJru pocKotuHbre xeoftHue,rreca>).

Tax uagnuaer e grori xHare MaxcuMoB rJlaBy <<Jleuuri>>.t{eu Aa.ltue Hr,eM MbI c HHM B TeprHyro qaqy reca, retrTpeBolKHee craHoBuTcq y Hac Ha Ayue. ,[ec sce qaqe fi fy-trle, or1 npuTux. !,aexo yx<e 3aKarnnocb, Kauy"r.ro Kyr,a-ToKpacHoe KoJIeco coJrHua. 14c,{esru BeceJrbte, AoMoBgrbre ricyerJrnBbre gBepbKli

- 6enxn. To"rluxo 3dToBeuIHe coeu u $u_Jllll'lbl C rOpTaHHtlM BOIIJ|.eM TflX{e,lO [epeMaXHBaIoT C X,epeBaHa AepeBo. <<O6uaHyrufi nyrunx oq6Hl ,,rerKo flpuHr{ivraerTaKOBOe nTHqbe rreHbe 3a oTqaf HHyro rvront6y nonn6arou{eroB TpscaHe H!'Ia OCaXAeHHOTO CO BCeX CTOpOH KpOBOX(aAHbrMt{3BepnMr.t rrecqacrHofo sa6nyAunruerocfi qe,,roBeKa... B ruxJrecax uau6onee qyBcrByercn rpener )Kr.r3Hn, u neujnli ss-Jrfiercg ero oJrHuerBopeHHbrM npe,lcraBr.treneu, noAo6Ho reMJrecHbrM TyMaHaM, t(oropbre MeAJreHHo rroAll4r\{atorcs saa 6o_JrorHbtMH TpscuHaMH n, tto nprxorrl Berpa, npaunlram o6-maHquBbre Qop'lrul npaeHAeHHfi >.

B grofi xuure MaxcHMoB paccKa3blBaer, KaK 3apoAuJracb,B qeM cKa3brBaeTc' Bepa B Her{r4cryro cr{,ry pyccKoro Kpecrbrr-FrHHa, 3ar{acryn 6eccnnbHofo nepeA rpo3HblM rrponB,,rer{fleMnpapoau.^OH nosrrzrrHo paccKagblBaer H o r\{oryuecrBe ont,r{ BoAbt. OnrcaHae fpo3Horo fioxapa, xoropurft ua6,rro4a,nMaxcurr.los ria Kocrpouu{flHe, HrlrofAa He ia6yaercfl remrKro- npoqfiTaJr lTy .nrc6onuruym H qeHHyro KHrrry.<<Uapb-oroHrr)), - roBopt4,'I HapoA o rlo)Kape, xar 6H eort-Jourafi B 9TI4 cJloBa Bce qacrbte crnxuliHtte 6eAu a Hecqacrbrl6essaurruori aepeeHra.

lloxasas sHaMeHaruri -KocrpoMcKofi noxap tg39 roaa so

scefi ero fpaHAuo3Hocrn, MariuMoB noBecrByer a o cpeAcr_

!d

Bax, KoTopbIMIt cMeTrnBblfr HapoA B KoHIle KOHI{OB Mecflqaqepes nonropa cnpaBuJlcs c oTHM aAoM KpoMeIuHblM. Oxa-SbrBaeTcfl, Ha rIoMoIIIb npI{IuJIa TyT He BOAa-IIapuqa' rle

Marb - cHpa geMng, a ror xe caunfr <qapb-oroHl>>' Hascr-peuy 6yuryroueMy [naMesn 6u.tt ny[reu roxe no]Kap, Koro-

iurfi nirxer KaKyto-ro qacrb lrJloqaru. kl AoftAs Ao sroroMecra, nJI a M fl <<noAaBI'IJIocs> 6ecn.noAHofi geraileft .

OAunru u3 <<Jl]ruuux HaIIIHX eruorpaQoa-6ennerpncron>HasBaJl M. E. CanrHxog-Ille.qpnH MarcrMosa.

<<,l,paroueuHeftrnee csoficrso MarcfiMosa'- nficaJl oH,-saKJuoqaercfl B ero 6rnsroM SHaKoMcrBe c HapoAoM I'l efoMarepr{anbHolo H AyxoeHolo o6craHoBKolo. B arou cMbIcJIe

paccrasu ero AoJIxHbl 6utl uacroJlbHolo rHurofi AJIR Bcex

sccJreAoBare,neft pyccxofi uapoAuocru, HapflAy c rpyAaMI't

nats, MenlHnrosa, flxyurxl'tHa u Apyr[x>.Ecnu mu sauIflHeM n c6opHllx JlHTeparypHo'KpHTI'IqecKHx

crarefi Cantuxosa-Il{e4pnHa, ro y6eAniucR, qro sernKllftcarI,IpHK 6Hn oqeHr ocropoxeH H cAepx(an B nor'Io)KHreJIb'HbIx orleHKax, ue 6ot.lIct pa3BenquBarb raKI'Ie rotAartlHlleaBropr.rrerbl, xax Mafrxoe n (Det, H ero [oxBaJIa sHaqI{JIaoqeHb MHoroe.

B nepeurfi nepuoA AeqreJlbHocrl l'13 Tpex Ha3BaHHbIx ca'THpHKoM nncare.nefi Maxctltvlog 6ltr, noxanyfi, nan6onee6nusoK x Me.nsHuxooy-fleuepcrouy. I4x c6nux<ana o6croq'TeJrbHafl u cnoxoftuo-noBecrBoBareJlbHafl MaHepa flficbMa,yMeHHe Aarb KoJIopLIT MecrHoctll. OAHaxo MenlHnxoe-fle-uepcxnfi B pnAe npol{3BeAeHnft cragfin ql'Icro xyAo}KecrBen-Hbre sa4aqr{ H pasBeprblBan ApaMaraqecKne o6pasu [I KoH'

Q.nnrru, rorAa KaK MarcnMosa 6o.nlure fiHTepecoBa.na 6u-TOBaf CrOpoHa.

Burosnsln{oM oKpalxeHbt n oqepKlr ynoMsHyrofo Canrlt-xosulr-IIIeApHHbIM flxyurruHa, nblHe oKoHqareJlbHo ga6u-roro. B cgonx oqepKax oH AaJIbIIre HpaBoyqeHl'Iit se ure.n.

fleqa.nrHa cyat6a flryruxuna. FlHraqcl <<cJlllrbcf, c Hapo-

AoM>, oH npeBparuJlcs e (<6ecnaqfloprllofo 6poAnry>, 6o-cflKa r,r yMep oT roJIoAa.

Mar'cgIraos MHoro xoAnr no Pyclt, Ilo BcerAa 6un qltcroH rrpr.rflLlqHo oAer - ToJIbKo B TaKOM BI'IAe qenoBeK BbISbIBaerx ce6e yBaxeHI.Ie Aaxe B caMbIx 6eAuux Kpyrax._

Ksnir,t MaxcaMosa nonyqnn14 rlpI'I3HaHHe. Ero rpyA<l-oA H2 ceBepe> yAocronncn eonoroft MeAaJIIt Pyccxororeorpa$rvecroro o6qecrBa. 14 ece )Ke 3a MarcnuonuucoxpaHnJlacr 6ol penyraqafl rI{IIrb KaK AapoBl{Toto Jlnrepa-

4 3aKas 246 97

ropa-3THorpaQa, ecra 6u os He BHec oco6ufi BKJTaA B pyc-cKyro Kynbrypy.

ylKe B KocrpolvrcKrlx oqepKax ou o6paqaJt BHHMaHT{e HapacrpocrpaHeuuoe csoricrno pyccKoro HapoAa ne rny6nu-KLI, Ha ero HeIrcrotrII,IMyIo BeceJlocrb Lr Ha xl{nofi, o6pas-Hutfi sgux.

Ha no4uory rf,)KKoMy rpyAy ttpaxoAnr necHtr, JroBKoe,MeTKOe CJIOBO, CKa3Ka, npHcKaSKa LIJII,T OSOpHag IltyTKa_npu-6ayrxa. <<Crasxy nH cMacrepnrb Ha cMex H rope, uro6u nCJICSbI BOTHATb I.I KOHqUTb CAIOBATbIM NEHI,ICM CTADOTO NCTV.xa H KyAaxraHbeM Kypoqxri, onqori npo6nenrl, xo.,re"*o""BcKpuqarb n sanpbrrart coporor?; co6ary corlrofo nepeApa-sHlrrb u gaMbrqarb coceAcrofi roponorl, crapoft nrurbn_rofi nonpocarl MlrdrocrhlHlo - ec-ro4y xBaraJlo Macrepa(Douxv>>.

".^i:_1"."_ 6giiilyt r.r3 oqepKa unpy_xxa>. flo4 crars eny

l epexa rr3 <<luBerloB>>, He yHbrBaroqafi Hr{ npH KaKHX O6CrOr-TeJlbcrBax. On n cana nposna.rr ce6g <ra,rurrKllM epuroM)>, BlraMflTb roro caMoro <eptua-u{erxHuuKa>, roropufi' 6Hrosarerqe B o6qeaasecurori crapopyccxoli cKasKe. Iieceno u 6ei-ea6orHo BocKJrHuaer oH:

<<- Tenept sce H xoggftcrBo, qro Bor ecrb,4BOpe cKoTr{Hbr-TapaKaH H ryceHHUa, ? H

Ha ce6e; noueAHoft-ro

nocyAbr Bcero oAHa nyroBtrrla>>.Canro co6oli HanparuaBaercrr no6ontrrHafl napaJrJreJrb

erorl npa6ayrKrr c orpbrBKoM r{3 HeKpacoBcKoro crr.rxorBope_uug <<Mo.noAbre)>:

Ecrr u oBorrll, B oropoAe _4p.n au nyKoBr.iua,Ecrr u lvreAua, [ocyAa _i(pecr aa ny,-oauua.

Ha 60-u roAy_ MaxcHMoB co3Aan rraeHtrri rpyA aceiiTlul-1_-5".ryy <<Kpu.rrarbre c!'roBa>. B nefi o" io6pun ,l:9^"3.ny pyccKr{e nocJroBnrlhr HnoroBopKrr, KpbrJrarbrecJ'roBa, oyATo BbrfiopxHyBtxl{e r.r3 fge3Aa a o6reresuueecn Pvct.

Ca.riruxon-fleApnH cpaBHHBal jVlaxczMosa c B. H. Aa-neu. 'l'py.u ,I{a.nn <Torxosbrft cJroBapb pyccKoro ,r3blKa)>o6rscHqer gHaqeHr.re pyccxofo c./roBa, a rHr.ria Marcnuona _pyccKyro flocJr.oBfirly, noroBopKy, xoAflqee Bbrpa]KeHr.re, ByBJreKareJrbHofi $oprue paccragbrBaer HcropH!o BosHriKHoBe_HHf OTACdIIbHbIX (KPbIJIATbIX CJIOB>).

98

A.nn uanucauus erofi KHflrIt Maxcuvooy y)Ke He HyiKllo

6uno xoAarb I{ e3AHTb no 6eny ctsery' OH saHpli\4areJlbuo IIe'

DecKa3a,'I cBol'l of poN{nr,te H a6nnAeHl'ltl HaA HapoAHt'IM- f 3bI'

io*. Ho ..nu 6u bs paHbIrIe BcloAy He no6uear, ecJll{ Qu loBcefo [pe)KAe He ao*anoteanctl - He 6ltearl 6lt sroft so-

.norofi Krlure.Vuran ee, MbI coBepluaeM c aBTopoM []'TeIxecrBI'Ie no

<<ApeMyrleMy i{ pocKolxHoMy JIeCy poAHOro f3blKa>> - I{aK c

naio"otru.cxot?ropAocrblo Ha38aJI cam MarcuMoB Moryqee'

6oriroe. BeqHo o6ttosnnrcu{eecq uapcrBo oreqecrBel{Hol'o

$onrx.nopa. Aerop KHHrI'l <<Kpu,ramte crloBa> "-""1y11T.3

pona onurnofo, yMyApeHI{OrO 3lIaHHflMII BOXaKa' KoTOpbIH

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u At4H H3 COBpeMeH-H-brx rrucaTe,l n Kp aTHKOB Cnp aBeAJr lr BoroBopuJr, qro KH[ra Maxcul,rosa _ He HayrlHoe I{ccJIeAoBa_HHe, He c[paBor{HuK, He TOJIKOBbTft c.rronapr,, a ceoeo6paaHoexyAoxecrBeHHoe npoasBeAeHr.re. Oro necrpufi xanelilocron:IIl:::"t, _-:-lotopoy. rpynrupyercs uubxecrno garron,cBcAeHLlR, HaOrroAeHHli, uayuuux AofaAoK, qyxofo ynaa r.iCBOCTO TAJIAHTA.

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Oxorqeusas r'leryHbr.3nn rpa ruu a-xoxoivHaq,SnHrDal,tMa-erosaiBreria, rpercr cperb Hapoaa,A 3aBilAHT nnUrb vpoAa -PagoM gqenHrcn a i,rasa.

MaxcaMoe 6u.n Apyruu,uarypoti cosepuare.nlHorl.KaKyro-ro t4cKpy Kypouruuefo Apyra.

t02

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3,q,ecb coKpoBHIrIa Hapo4norl pevu? flonrc6are JIrl llx' c6epe->fiere nr.r? llPnYruuoxnre ,rlu?

Oraer Ha gror BoJIHoBaB[Iuri Maxcul'roBa Bonpoc AaJlacyar6a efo KHHTH. flosgnerxascs 75 net HasaA' oHa, cJloBrlo

6onbuan, ct{,'IbHatl I.{ KpacuBaf [Tl{IIa, nepeJlere,{a B tlauBeK, rraue BpeMfl.

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Kpyx(oK Bo rJraBe c pex[ccepoM BceBoJIoAoM MefiepxoJlbAoMco6upaercs craBurb cneKraKnu r Tepuoxax, KypoprHoM Me-

creqKe ua 6epery Ouncxoro BaJILIBa, He.uaJIeKo or fletep'6ypra.

B Tepuorax Aeficrsurenbuo [oceJIHJIacb rpynila MoJIoAbIxnn6uterefi HcKyccrBa, peIIHBIULIX nocraBltrb raKlre cnex-TaKJIII, Koropble ocBe)KLIJIL 6U o6nerura.nrte, HaAoeBIuHe

Sopnn rearpaJIbHbIx npeAcraBnesnft .

flnnu sa 6olruroft Aaqe, Ha 6epery. B uae cloAa FIe pa3[pr{e3xaJl AnercauAp 6nor - n <<TonapzqecrBe aKrepoB'xyAoxnnKoB, nrlcareJlefi a uysuxanroo> (rax o$uqnanlnor{MeHoBaJrcq rpyxox) yqacrBoBaJIa ero )KeHa Jlto6osl Ananr-pHeBHa, ypoxAeHHas iVieHAeleesa. B oAHol'{ Hs nucelt{ broxpaccKa3bIBaJI o cBoltx BneqarJleHl'Iffx .or <<TogapuulecrBa>.<Csaqa,ra CHAeJILT Ha rearpaJllnofi Aa'Ie. OHa 6onouaq uilaxHer, rax crapuft noir,Ieququfi Aotu. Bce 8M-ecre eJII4, nI'IJIlluafi, xo4unn no ux orpoMHoMy rapKy... .Ilyxa nycrorbl Her -Bce oqeHb noAoJlfy gaHflTbl. Bce eecenHe I'I cepbesl{ble>>.

HaA sAaHI,IeM rearpa pasBeBaJlcff Q.iIar c 6enoft Qurypoftfhepo Ha JII.IJIoBoM Qoue. Ha ycrax fllepo sacrblJla rparu-qecKafl cKJraAKa, BbIpaxaBruafl ero AyIueBHoe cTpaAaHI'Ie'

Ha cauou AeJIe pucyHor $.nara MbIcJILIJIcff ero aBTopoM'

xyAoxHr.rKorrl Hnxo.n aelr C anyHoeu M, no-ItHoMy. fllepo Aon-xen 6ur yrn6aruca.

<D.irar yxe cIIIHJIH, lr CanyHoe KoHqaJl eto pacwlcbtBarb.Ho sor HeocropoxHoe ABIrx{eHIIe pyKaBoM, n KpacKH q_y_Tb

cABr.rHyJILIcb. Blraecro ynu6xn - TparfirlecKaq ycMeuIKa. Xr'r-BOIIUCeq XoTeJI nonpaBfiTb, Aa ocTaHoBIlJIcfl: a BeAb Il TaK He-

IIJIOXO, AaXe, noxanyfi, Jlytlue' suparurenluefi.3 zrcss rearp orxpH.ncg. .[lasaJII'Icb naHrotvIlttrla <<Bnto6-

JreHHbre>>, nnrepue4nC CepnaHreca <<,Il,na 6o.nryHa> I{ nbeca<Apnernu - xoAarati csaAe6>.'<<Tearp se6onluofi,- nncar Eflor xeHe,- 6bIJI noqrllrIoJIoH, Ir x,ronaJlll uuoro' Mse Huqero He noupaBl'raocb.

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14 r.rrcun - AeHb flerpa u flagna - npa3AHoBa,lu no o6st-qaflM crapilHbl BeceJIo, IIryMHO' nbflHo.

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t05

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llo uucnu Canynooa, Ha 6epery cJreAoBaJro pagMecrurbHecKoJrbKo 6a.naraHos. B nepnou n3 HlIx 3pnrerqM npe,a,Jra-ra.[acb <r{acrorrfiras [cnaucKarr ApaMa <CH,ra nrc6sr H rie-HABIICTH>>.

- 3pnrenu,- AeJII,IJtcff 3aMblcJroil{ CanyHon,- )KeJlaro-qr.re yBlrAerb HcnancKyro nbecy, BxoArIT s He6onruoe [oMe_UICHI4C. KOT4a, yToMJIeHHbIe AoJ'IIHM I{ Til{eTHbIM o>I{IIAaHI{eMnpe,{,craBJreHr.tfl, oHE HaqprHaroT BbrpaxaTb cBoe HeAoBoJIbcT-BO, 3aHaBec 9 tynaaosaMr.r B3BlrBaercfr, Lr rura3aM oTKpbr-Baercfl nropoi. Ha seu HapacoBaHa Aypaur{aff poxa c Br,r-TsHyTbrM HOCOM, a nOA Hero [oA[r{cb:

<<Brt, rpe6yrcu1ae r{cno/rHeHl{s rcnascxofi nbecbl, He Ao-poc,r[ erle Ao ee [ogvMaHun. B HarpaAy 3a ynJraqeHHbreAerlbfu Bbr Moxere... yBlraerb ceoe co6ctseur.roe uso6paxe_HTTC>>.

- Cocrasasq [porpaMMy MacKapaAa r{a 6epery Ons-cKoto gaJrltBa,- BcnoMHHaJr rlpuflTels Canyuona BnaAnulrpConoetee,- oH MegraJI o6 ycrportcrBe raKoro 6anaraua, rA'enoKa3blBaJrncl 6u yAriBHTeJIbHbIe r{ crpalxHbre BeIrIfi. Bana-raH ,4oJrlKeH 6n,r liso6palKarb HoqHori ipaxrnp. V cronuxos,Be3Ae r{ [oBcroAy, B noJryrbMe cEAflr MpaqHbre Surypu, yaa_pflfl pyKaMu B raKr sBoHy 6oxanos. tr4 r.upyr sror rroquolirpaKTHp gaJrr.rBaercn floroKar\{H cBera. JInu ner. Buecro suxpoN(H H po)Kll, HaJreBo, Ha[paBo. Poxu csAnr cocpeAoroqeu_rro, rrro-To^o54yuarnaa. OHn HaglrHaror xoxorarb, r.r Kar{xoxovyr! Or Nx xoxora rpettrar AepeBrrnHbre creHbr noAxoJrlrloBbrMu gaHaBecsMr,r. H sparens, sa6He npo nnary,[cny-raHHo crrerrrrir BoH r.r3 groro npoK,'rgtoro 6anarana.

Kax xals, q?o gror H MHofHe Apyfr{e 3aMblcJrbr Canyuo_B_a rie ocyuecrBaJrzcb Hs-ga BHesanuort rparnqecxofi cn,teilrn!IJo ocranucb Apyrne ero [oJrorHa, no xoropuu ruu Mo)KeMcyAr.rrb o efo opHrr4sanrseriruenl reopuecree.

B ero KaprHHe <Macxapa4> Mbr Br{AHM B,truflHr.re Span-rly3cKoro xuBo[ficrla AuryaHa Bamo. B neuepHeu iyua-He, HanJrbrBarouleM Ha crapulrHufi napx, ebr6nercg roly6o-sarslft KacKaA QoRraua, Kaqaiorcq xeJrro-opaux(eBbre KH_raftcNre Qortapaxu, MeJrbKaror apa6cxne qaJrMbI, nbrrrrHr,repo6u 4au. Tuxo crpyHrcn $anracrnqecKafl MysbtKa. Cany-r{oB MeqraJr BuAerb <<Macxapa4> Aeropaqaifi r cueH-e,

t06

rAe ^ paAyxgbrMn 6a6o,{xaMn lropxann 6u 6aaepuuu...OAng ronrxo pas nso6pagnn ou-ce6fl H cAeJraJr 9ro, KaK

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<<C neo6uqaiiuoli ocrporofi uyocreys Kpacory oKpyxaro-ulefo MHpa, CanyHoa nn6nn nlrcarb u'senuxonenHbre Harrop-Moprbr,-saMernJr r.rcKyccrBoBea E. A. fyHcr.*Ouu npno6-peraror y Hero oco6yro ropxecrBennocrb n BeJrr.rqne>>.

Crontxo 6u sn paccMarpnBarb ero Kaprr{Hy < (1908 r.), a ueri Huqero He pasrnffAr.rrrrb, KpoMe pasMa-IIIHcro tr coqHo rroJIoxeHHbIX Ma3KoB, KpacHblx, cI{HLrx, xeJr_Tbrx, co MHoxecrBoM orreHKoB H nonyroHon. <<Herepnetu-oorft -s-pururl oroftAer or KapruHbr pa3orrapoBanHbrM,- rtr{-uer M. B. A.[naros.- H sce ixe npu'noaHoM orcyrcrBuH or-qernusofi fiepeAarru orAeJrbHblx Saryp z npeAnrdroe e ueila3yMr,rreJrbuo BepHo r{ MerKo BoccosAaerca arnlocQepa nepe_no;lgeuHofi TaBepHbI: ruyM, raM, roBop, cMex, KpHKH, nepe-6paHru, [uyrKn,..xox(AeH[e BsaA H BnepeA, TecHora, Ayxoia,MepuaHI{e otHet?, gBoH craKaHoB, lteHqlueecg nHBo, AbrMff-qr.recfl rpy6xn - Bce gro nepeAaHo t3brKoM KpacoK, r.t KToynoBI{T 9ro o6ulee, rorrly 6ea rpyAa yAac?cs B gTax c BHAyne6pexuux Ma3Kax yraAaru MHoxecrBo xapaKTepnbrx $u-ryp r floApo6socreft>.

AsaxAn nricaJr CanyHoo <<I(apycenr>. flepoufi eapn-qHr - 9ro pasHor{sernHft rpyxaulr.rrlcs Bnxpb qeJroBeqecKax

Qarypr AepeBrnHbrx xoHefi, 6axpol,rlr BceBosMoxHbrx Mare-paft, $ouapnros. KorAa .nro6yeulca necrpofi )Kr{Bonr,rcbroKapraHbr, .eABa Jrr.r He cJrbnrruub Becb uecrpoftnuft ancau6,ntrpnr.nueofi r.r BlrgrJrnBort rrl ysltxlr, o6uqno conpoBoxAasrxefiKapyceJrb,- Bce srlr HeBnAHMbre oxpnnrrrue rpy6sr n HaA-rpecHyrHe 6apa6auu, s o6qervr-ro n co3Aaroulue paAocrHo-ns6yAopaxeHHoe qpMapoqHoe HacrpoeHr.re. Bropar uKapy-cenb> BpoAe 6u npeAcraBrf,er ro )r{e caMoe 3peJrarqe, Ho yxeB gacrbrBrlleM, oqe[eHeBrrreM cocroflHnr.t - 6yaro saMepr,rltsByKlt Mysbrxr{ r.r KapyceJrb ocraHoBr.rnacl. Oror nropofi ua-pr.raHT IIo npHrJryrueHHblM, HaporrHo npr{TyrlreHHbrM KpacKaMnoxoAt4T Ha AepeBqnHoe Mo3auqnoe rrauuo: KpacKr.r E Sfiry-pbr ero KpynHoSepHr.rcTbr.

Bennxuft BbrAyMr{r{K u Sanrasep, eun6leuuufi a apryrcAeKoparnBHylo cyrb uapoAnoft xH3HH, Canyuon, 6yayun yker.r3BecrubrM xyAoxHr{Kona, nrc6ul 3arJrflHyrb B TpaKTHp HJrr.tuariHyto HcKJrnqareJrbgo paAn (KpacoK 6*ra>.

108

I4sHcxaHlro o4erufr, s 6enocHexuoil uaHnuxe, Qpare ruHJrfiHApe, MaHep,Ho cHl.rMar nepqarKy npn Bcrpeqe c IIpurr-TeJreM, oH MOf CilpOCHTb:

- KyAu, rpaQ, I4rLIm narpaQnaere? B xa6ar -- aHrH-pncyerecl?

OAuaro rro6osr K HeKoropbrM ByJrbrapHuiu veprau 6uraHapoAHbrx Hr.rsoB He MeuraJra xyAoxHr.rKy ocMbrcJrhBaTb u co-BeprxerrcTBoBaTb cBoe rBopqecTBo.

<<6 u.no KorA a -ro npeKJroHeH r.re nepeA xp acorofi Te arp aJlb-Hoft r.rrntosr{H,- foBopur o CanyHose AanaroB,- Ho onaoKagaJlacb pa3BeHrraHHoft, 6u.na HacMeIuJIIrBag I{poHI,Ifl, Hoor Hee ocTaJrocb oulyqeHr.re nycrorbr>.

B xonqe KoHqoB xugHeuHufi H TBoprrecKufi onur noMorxyAoxHHKy BbrHecrn ttpuroBop Herrplrxparxennofi xr{3Helt-Horl npasAe.

XyAoxul.rx cJroBHo cragan ce6e: AoBoJrbHo an6ogarrcnxpacorofi TearpaJrbHbrx speJrr{ur, garerl.lusocrbro MacKapa-AoB, KpacoqHocrbro flpMapoqHbrx noAMocrKos. Bor oH, 6egMacoK r.r [pr{Kpac, nycroft u rueryulr.rri naeulascxlrfi 6ur, Aa-BflIrlas KaxAoAHeBHocrb pyccKoft npornnquu.

Canyuoa nr{rrrer <<r{aenntue>>. 3a cro.noM BJracruo Boc-ceAaer 6arrcruxa r. AeJroBr.rro Ayer Ha 6.nroAqe. Cresa - ero3oJrorylx Hbr ft ornpucr, cn p a n a-6egnurnft ncaJroM urHK. Aoq-Ka - HeBecra Ha BbrAaHbe - LI3 ny3arofo, Ao 6lecra saqu-rqeHHoro MeAHoro caMoBapa HaJILIBaeT Kl.trrflToK g qaftHllx.Ha yron cryna po6ro rpnceJra npuxuBaJrKa. Bce qHHHo,

sce cnoxofrso. fAe-rc THKanr xoAr.rKr,r, Ha creHe aJrflnoBa-ras KaprllHxa c ne6eAq[{u.

3Aecr CanyHon AaJr, no Bbrpaxegr.rn oAHofo ng ero 6no-rpaQon, 6,'Ioroscxfifi <<6anarasquK >xH3Hr{>>, He npuKpaluen-uufi pouaHraKofi, noKa3aJr MacKI{, I,IJIH, KaK caM oH ,'Ito-6n,r nupaxarbcs, <<poxrl>, oKpy)KaBlxr,re xyAox(HltKa I{3oAHF B Aesr. Aa BeAb HeAapoM HMeHHo eMy npr.rHaAJrexarcoBeprxeHHo yAr{Bure,'rbHbre AeKopaqnr.r K caMoMy <<Ea;ra-faHqLIKy> ElOra ri KapTr.rHa <<Muctnqecxoe co6paune>>, Ha-fir,rcaHHag Ha cro>Ker aroft 4pavu.

...8 orpecruocrsx fletep6ypra e[Ie croflJrr4 6enue soqn.Jleuaso nJrecKaJrr.{cb, $oc$opec{Hpyfl, soAH (DuucKofo 3a-ruea. MHoro JIoAoK nJIbIJIo HaBcrpeqy ceer.rtofr tennoti Ho.l.t14 uroHn l9l2 roaa.

B oanofi l,t3 HHx cr.rAeJrr.r xyAoxHr{Irbr flxosreea u Ee6y-roBa, aprncrra Hasap6eK, no3T Muxau.n Kysrrar.rn lt x{HBonI{-ceu CanyHoe. Koraa or.bexaJlu or 6epera Ha Bepcry, Kystnll-

109

Hy B3AyMaJrOCb flOMeHqTbCff MeCraMH C OAHOI? n3 AaM. oHBcraJr a ilouIeJI rro JIoAKe, HeJIoBXo 6aaancupyn, Bannyncfl BacKaMbro r{ norepsJr paBHoBecue. .Ilo4xa oilpoKr.ruyd'racb.

- Cxeosl coH MbI cJrbIIuaJrH,- BcnoMuuan Bna4nunpCononree,- qro B rrxrKny6e snouudrlrl B KoJroKon. Pauo yr-poM y3HaJrr{, qro Canynoe yroHyJr. Tena ero raK r{ He Ha-rrrJrur... flanr.lxu4y cflyxl,tnu n pyccxofi qepKBa Tepzoroa.Crano xyrKo, KofAa cBfltr1enHnK B orcyrcrBue rpo6a c no-xoftttptxotu [poBo3f,rac[,r BeqHyIo [aMflTb HoBolpecraBJreH-Houy pa6y 6oxrcnay Haro.narc... Ilenoe Jrero Mbr Br;rAe,rru ca-nyuoncxnfi $nar, auceol.l,luilt y BXoA,a B rearp. 3nofi u Ao)KArrcAer'IaJrlt cBoe .{eJlo. ToHa no6.neKJrH, Ho TpafuqecKan ylu6xaflsepo ocraJracb.

Ocra.nocu g HeAo[ucaHHoe <<tlaenurue>, n Muox(ecrBorroJrHblx ropeq[ n capKa3Ma 3cKr.rsoB, To ycMexal.ollluecf, ToKP}IBJIflIOIqilCCfl MACKH, 3OPKO YBHTCHHbIC XYAO}KHHKOM H KAK6n c4epuyrbre r{M c noAerl ero BpeMeur.r.

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AYIIJA TJIHHbI

aHHee yrpo B ea6afixarrcKoM r&€)K.HoM Jrecy. Kocue ;ryun ttponr,rsaJrr.lrycrbre BerB[ AepeBles. Eu1e MHr, H

cKa3oqHo npeo6paeunocl, olKHJroBce BoKpyr. rlepee nec npo6nparcr-

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gir ABoe: BbrcoKr{.ti, xyAofi cTapr.rK r.r MaJlbrrHK JreT AeBrTh.Manlqux ryr He BrrepBbre, Ho roJrbKo ceftqac yBflAeJr BcroKpacory JrecHoro qapcrBa r{, qyps qepHbre rJrasa, yAHBJTeHHO03Hpaercff BoKpyr.

KreHrcruu oBparaM 6eryr, rrpbrfaror roBopJrHBHe py-qon. Osu raK crpeMr.rreJrbHbl, rrro rtoA Hr{MH cKpe)Kerqyr KaM-Hn.. flyruuxlt cnycKarorcr B oBpar. fny6oxufl a ranucrsen-HblH,- 3Aecb ero Ha3brBarroT [aAbro,- OH pagAenseT ABe COn-xu. I-lepe6parbcr Ha ry cropoHy uer snraxori eo3r,roxHocrn:Ha AHe 6yulyer ueJrar peKa, KaMesncrufi rroAteM orBeceH.Ha xpyrasue ApasHr.rr B3op cupeueBo-po3oabrMtr qBeraMr.roanHoxllli, 6yfiHo paspocurulicfl Kycr 6arynrunxa.

tIyrHHKr.r noAHnMarorcfl Ha orJroryo ropy. 3a o6naxatrnnoMepKJIo co,'IHUe. BHco,{eHH61e ce4He cocHbt c Bbrcrynaro-rrlr,tMH,Jranaun xopuefi npeBparqarcrcr B sJroBeuqax crpaxerlneca. 9eM Aa.rrbue, TeM cTar{oBr,rTcfl Ttr[Ie.

florunr Mecra AHKHe, Her.r3BecrHble. Cranu Bce qaueBCTper{aTbcf tpoMaAHble, nopoclxue MoxoM KaMHr.r_BaJrvrrbl,BbrBopoqeHHbre ypafaHoM ApeBHne AepeBbfl, KopHeBr.rlla Ko+TOpbIX IIOXOAI.rJrr.t H a KocM aTble rodrroBbr rl.rraHToB-Jrr,oAoeAoB.Ha rparo o6puna cofHyrbrMu B Ayry crapyxaMn KoJrAygbfi-MH AoxuBajrr{ BeK cKpIoqeHHbIe 6epesu. Tyr xe, cJroBHo Ha-nrrJrr.tB Ha roJroBbr opaH)KeBbre IIoAyrxKr.r r.lJrr{ KoKoIrrHHr(r.r,ycbrnauHbre 6opo4anxanal4, yrKnyJrr{cb B Mox, Hacbru-{as Bo3-Ayx-_cbrpocrbro, qyAoBauluo 6eso6pasHbre MyxoMopbr.

14 alpyr seJreHoe uapcrBo oxuJro, satrpa.no. 3anrqcanflHa crapbrx 6epeeax Mr{pHaAbl JrncrorrKoB-H3yMpyAoB. KopHe-Br,trr1e rroBaJreHHoro AepeBa,c,'roBHo o6poc.,ro Qurypxarrauga6asHHx 3Beper, cpeAs Hux yraAbrBancr npuiesfti{fi Ha3aAuae ranur safiqn[rKa, ropAeJrr.rBo BbrnsruBrrr[fr rpy.ur,ropuuft KosJlr.rK, o:re_porueHuuft craprrKarrrKa. flo irixo6neu1yu1efi JrasypH He6a crpeuHreJrbHo Hec,'racb 6enocneN-Hafl Bara o6,raxon; LIHbre t,t3 HI,Ix HaloM[HaJrH ro 6ursvBOHHOB, rO CO6paHUe QaHracrnqecKr.rx x(HBoTHbrx, rofipbrx(Ka qepe3 BepeBoqKy cMexoTBopHbrx cyxlecTB C BbrTfl_Hyrbrr\{E Hoca Mr.{. B grnxo;r enn ble, po3oB aro-so.r.rortrcrble or_He3pnMbrx ryrrefi, uso6paxeHnfl ?Tn [peAcraBfiqJrH H3MeH_rruByro KaprnHy, or roropoft_HeBo3MoxHo 6uno oropBarbcfl.

B ror AeHb flepeA Keureli orKpbrncs nosurft ur.rp. C roftnopbr BHr.tMareJrbHo flpnurffAbrBaJrcfi oH K oKpyxaoxleMy HAalKe B cyqKax H HanJrbtBax AepeBa y ce6a Ha rroroJrKe u HacreHax Br.rAe_Jr H qyBcrBoBa;l oco6yn xr.rsub. I4nble Hg cyqKoBxoreJrocb o6aecrn KapaHAaIIIoM, qro oH BTHxoMoJIKv He3a-

il2

Merrro r.r Ae.iraJr, npuAaBafl rraMerr.tBlur{Mcr pncyHKau 6oneeBbrpa3u'reJrbHyro Qopuy. I,IuorAa nprrxBarbrBar c Aoporn cy-xlrc LrerBH n ue6o;lnrune Kopr{H, gagHTepecoBaBrune eto ne-o6nqnu,vu cn.rrereHusMn. Vrpaaxofi npnHocl.r.il nx a capaii,a IIOTOM HO)KEIIKOM BbIAeJIbIBaI LI3 9TO|O JIeCHOTO MyCopatsceqecKHe ti.rurypxrr.

Bogrte AoMa, B l{oropoM oH xHJr, pbrJra KoJroAeq. Iyr x<e

BHAIIeflrlcb Kyrla BHBopOqeunofi cupofr fJILIHbl. flpnouxuynKo BceMy npncrvlarpllBarbcn, Keua KaK-ro B3rJrflHyJr HaKoMbr rJrr.rubr H AalKe or[pflHyJr. Euy nouyAnJrr{cb xr.rBbre cy-ulecrB a. OHu Asnra,'I rrcb, Konolu nJlucb, IoAMLITI{B aJrH. florouHJIJII,oBI{fl I.IcqesJIa. H ece xe c rori nopor rnHila npeAcraB.rrr-Jlacb KaK 6u cyuecrnoM c xHeofi ayuloil.

Oir 6pa.n enaxHufi KoMoN rJrHHbr, pa3MLrHaJl ero naJrb-qaMI4. H noc.nyuuufr uarepnafl nocreneHHo HaqHHa,[ npu-HIIMarb ror BLIA, xoropuft xoreJr rrpaAarb eMy Kerrrn...

B l9ll roay e flapnxe cpeALI yI{eHr.{KoB sHaMeHuroroSpauuyscxoro cKynbrrropa AnryaHa 6ypae.nnn norrBn,'lcrrerqe oAnH - KperIKo cKoJloqenHbui qeroser cpeAnefo pocra.On npuexan ag Poccxtt. Bur clrryrn, no.{Br.rx(eH, rro6oeHare-,reH n ueo6stqaftHo rpyAonrc6un.. KorAa Masc'r'po [osriaKoMuflcn c pa6orann nerep6ypx<-ua, oH He cMor cKpbrrb yAl,rBneHufl. Muoro BHAaJT EypAennt,gTor yqeHrlr Po,u,sHa, [por.r3BeAeHnft ur.rpryosHbrx r{ opHrur-HaJIbHbrx, Ho raKoro pasHoo6pasufl TeM, rarofi Heo6H.rar:rHofiorgblBquBocra Ha 3oBbr xr.r3Hn, raKori 3Kcnpeccur4 eule HeBcrpeqan. Bor ronrro Bce cKyJrbrrrypbr pyccKolo 6Hru esr-NOJIHEHbI I,I3 TJII,IHbI.

- Korla lKe BbI, Mocbe, nepeBeAere cBoll Berqu B Nrpa.naop? - cnpocLIJI oH yl{eHLIKa.

- HnrorAa,- orBerLIJr ror pelilr.rreJrbHo.3ro yANnuno H oropqluo EypAe.n,rn. Bnporeu, gro .ltfiq-

Hoe Aeno yrreHriKa. Mocle Xyxoo n.natnn aKKyparHo, a yqI,t-re.nr Ao6pocoBecrHo nepeaaBan Bce cBor.r 3HaHHfl H yMeHbeBOCNI,ITAHHlIKAM.

HesaAorro nepeA oqepeAnbrM BbrlycKoM cBoHX yqeHr.rKoBEypaen.nl nox(eJraJl c HLIMLI ctpororpaSnpoBarbcr. MaecrponoxeJraJr raKxe, vro6 pn4ou c HHM 6un Huuoreurnfi Xy-xos. Tax ogr.{ s safleqarJleHbr: uacrnruft, nnceroqufi yqeHr.rK

PoAeHa, co3AareJlb <flalrqrHuKa nABItInM B BoftHe>>, u pn-AoM - xapernasufr, HeBblcoKoro pocra qeJIoBeK, HI,rKoMy He

lt3

u3Becrgr,rri pyccKr.rfi c_KyJrbnrop. B r"nasax BypAea.nr, uyrt-uyrl o6pauleHgbrx B XyKoBy, oulyulaercs r.rHrepec H o:xtrha-Hr.re: KaK-To cJroxl{Tcr cyAl6a groro opurl,Iuana?

...Myrnuri nerep6yprcxuli paccner. Ha creHax AoMoBlnsuyr yxoAsrr{[e reHH HoqH. tlro npruecJra, qro yHecer oHac co6oft? PaAocru 6egusrexsoro cna HeMHorEM, crpaAa-ul1lq TblcfqaM.

Kpnxrn, Kpecrr{cb, noqecblBaflcb r4 pyratcb, Bcraer roJroA-ulrri, o6opraHunil JrroA B HorrrexKax. Eure He flpocHyJtcff, Hoyx(c B3AparnBaer B qyrKoM nocJreAHeM cHe crapufi pocroB_IqLIK, oulyllblBaeT IIoA no4yurorl KJrrorrH.

flo xele'eHbrM AoporaM rroArrod'r3aror K croJrr{qe poccllii.croir z:unep_Nrz AbrMHbre noe3Aa c JrroAbMH, rroJrHbrMn TpeBorr.r HaAe>KA. Ha cepux y,'rrqax HX Bcrpeqarcr BeJr[qecrBeuHbreH paBHOAyIUHbIe rraMflTHHKVt, Lt d'troAH Ha[pacHo BtJrfl.(brBa.roTcfl B HaAMeHHbre JIHqa MoHyMeHTOB: OHrr HenpoHrrllaeMbr,oHr.r He cKax{yT HIZqero.

A xzeur, AJrfl oAHr.rx rrryqafl, AJrfl Apyrux nopbrBr.rcrafl,HAe'r csoefi HeyMo/'raMofi uepe4ofi, c 6onuuamx H MaJrbrMtrXJIONOTAMII.

Bor rro-ro uax.no6yuueaer y6oryn tlrartr{ouKy u, sa6pany,lorrKv rI BeAepKO, TIrXO IOCneuaeT K [OKpbrTbrM TyMaHOMpeqHbrM 6eperau. Og n se gaMeqaer, KaK npr{noAngBlllaflcflroJloBa exHAHo nocMarpuBaer eMy BcJreA: ue 6yAer re6e y;lo_Ba, sarpbrsyr re6s KoMapbr, xe-xe!

Bcrarculee cKynoe coJrHrle ocBeu{aer oAHy lzs KaMopoK.Ha cro.nnxe crpar{Hbre cKynbrrrypHue SrErypxx. B unx'rax6u gacrn.na rpuMacbr raueusoro ropoaa...'Tyr n npocrbreJIroArr c KpoxorHbrMr.r cBorlMr,r ga6matfiu

- oHI{ AoBepqnBoy.ruu6arcrca 14 rrlypercrl npn Bcrpeqe Apyr c ApyroM, cJroBHocflpaur.rBafl: <A y eac KaK?..> t{ psaonr rouuapnue npnspa.Kr.r Hoqu, Koropbre o6ypenarcr 6o;lruoro n crpaAaroqero qe-JroBeKa, H3HeMorarcu1ero B xr{3Hennoli 6opl6e...rlro xe ero?

A ero -cKyJrbflrypbr_yqnrenn reorpaSnu nerep6yprcxorirnMHaglrn I4Hgoxeurus HHxonaesHqa Xy-xoea, Bbr[oJrHeH]rbrer.l\{ s-a nersHri orflycK. Ha xaxAori npouepueno Ha3BaHr4e.

Bor uo.noAofi uouax. I4cno.nueso rocKn ero .urqo. HaHeM rrETaercs Jrero[Hcb Ayrxa. crpacrno Ao6ueascl r.rcrr{rrbrH CrrpaBeAnrrBocrH! oH yluer'r ot .nn4efi, [ocrp]ircff B Mo-Haxil, MeqTafl o ToM, qTo B CyMpaqHblx KeJIbflx uapHT cBfl-Tan rpl:l;,una u noxofi u pacuBeraer, <aKH Kpr.ru>, 4o6po4e-TeJlb AyIIpl...

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tlro xe yBLIAan oH sa MoHacrbIpcKHMH cresaun? Ty xecyery cyer, ry xe cKBepHyIo lr x(ecroxyrc 6ops6y 3a ,'IaKo'trltri rycor, To xe BeqHoe npeAarenbcrBo 14 noAcllxuBaHne,qro r{nrrrr B cyerJruBoM MIrpcKoM naypaaeftHnxe.

Ha noAuoxuu eroft cKyJlbnrypbl npoqeprleHa uaAnlacl. BHeri aupaxeHa Mqrylqaqcs, [oJIHan ynpeKa MbIcJIb - 6esor-BerHoe o6paqeuue x 6ory:

<Bllxy l.rrp teofi Bo sJIe H MHpa rBoero ne npueunrc!>>I4x nHoro 3Aecb, noAo6sux .nI,oAeil. <llpoxnnruft ro-

poa!> - rHeBHo ltpou3uocnr My]KItK-KaMeHIrtI{K. B usHel{o-)Kenfir.r onycrr.{,'Icr oH Ha seM;Irc y rpyAbl ule6ns 14 B orqafi'Hr{H cxaJl KyAJIaTyIO IOJIOBy.

@uryp, oxeaqeHHHx ttlonqanfigofi, 6esponorHo'noxopuofrcrop6rro r.rJrv y)KacoM 6ecnpocaerHoro orrlaflHl'ifl, croJlb MHo-

ro, qro oua o6pasybr IIeJIyIo rpy[ny. Bnepe4u HI{x I'IAer He-

KTo, HanoMiasapu{uft yr{qHblx npopoKoB, a 3aMblKaer IIIecr-slle o6eccuneBuarr or ro,tloAa Marb c pe6enrolt. Bos4en pyrurope, B crpacrnoM nopblBe 6eguNrquuttft npopox BocKJII{uaer:

- Vxena re6e, o ncenloryuufi, ge HaAoed'Io BHAqrb JIIo-

4efr ycra.nrrx u crpa4anqux?3rH c.losa HarrgcaHbl Ha noAHo)KI,tH cKyJIbrITypbI.Ho n eepennqe o6paeon Xyxoea Bcrpeqaiorcfl, u rtrttlrl

I'IHOTO CK,IIAAA !I TCMIICPAMCHTA.

Tyr ue.nan raJlepefl KpecrbnH, npHIIreAIxHx s flerep6yprHa cegoHHbre sapa6orxl4 H KaK-To c rpexoM nono,'IaM ycrpo'IlBlxr.{xcfl. 3rn unrAe He llorepglorcfl.

- 3arypr.ru!- seceno npnroBapl.rBaer oAI'tH I,t3 HI{x, ocra-HoBr{Brxncb HeHapoKoM Ha yuly. Cefiuac, nycrllB KofleqKo,oH 6ecneqno B3r,,rrger Ha Bac I{ aaxe noaMlIrHer. 3roruyBCe HnnoqeM, Bce rpblH-TpaBa.

,(pyrofi flpoAaer csnHefi. OanH nopoceHoK Hel{croBo BI'I3-

xrrTyHeroBpyKax.

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o6naAnr.9ror npncrpouJrcn Ha KaMyIxKe I4 yAI'IT, noJIoxI{B PflAol,l

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il5

NOr\l- B .CBoeti noJryTeMHoiiT?BIIlgugq 3aIIaxOM AerTt.raT, KpoxoTHoro BeAepKa[pocHAeTb rleJrbrfi AeHeK y.IlaTo]\r-3eMJrSIKOM?

3aKO[qeHHOri Uacrepcxoft, fiponu-Ou suaer, IIro yilo; 6yai:r ire6o-xBaTUt C.:n36qTxgM, rlo KaK He

peKr{, He no6orTarb c ycaTbrM coJr-

- A y Bac KaK?- cHrB c yAoqKH KpacHorrepofo oKyHr)-Ka, cnparrruBaer oH c Ao6poAyt[Hori yrbr6Koit,-tr cHoBa troAt'uxuit rueflecr rpocrnr.rKa rerrer HeMyApeHafl 6ece4a npopoaHyro AepeBHlo.

Asoe cocrapr4Brrrrrxcfl ua 6apcroii c.nyx6e cynpyroB,ylrur6aRcr, rJrflAflT Ha nepnuft asporrJlaH:

- I4tul rbr... qeJIoBeK noJrereJr,- THXo npongHocflToHr.r.- I4 cxo.trro xe HenoAAenbHofo yAuBJreur.rfl u paAocrusa qeJroBexa e nx Ao6poft y.nu6re...

Taxnx paAyr,otquxcq, cMerouluxca, ylu6arctr1nxcff .lrrcAeficpeAr.r faJrepefi I,IssoxeHu.rs Xyxoea KyAa 6ontue, qeMcxop6uux r{ crpaAaloIrlux.

tr4 nnepeuexKy c HHMn - npecMeruHbre H rrpesJrbre, cnJrer-HHKr.t H CnJTeTHHI{br, eXr.tAHbI r..r JrHueMepbr, xaHxrr r.I BpaJIr.I,cKprru u nycro6pexlr - Bce JrroAcKr.re or6pocu, r{To rorflTcflB 3!'IOBOHHbIX TIOABOPOTHqX, KOPHAOPAX Ir JIIOACKIIX, B TCMHbIXrlpr.rTBopax r{acoBeH, BbrrJrflAblBafl }I BbrHtoxuBat, cyJlt cKop-6u a cnegu, noAApa3Hr.rBafl Ha rpex...

'H, HaroHer{, eule rpynna He6HsarHx, flpur{yArnBbrx aua nepeuft B3rJrrA seo6uqarino crpaHHbrx...

Haxoxn[euncb, HcnoAJlo6ra norrqAblBarr Ha cBer, npn-rawrcfl <<Crapur? BopoH))-rroJlynruua-noJryqeJroBeK. Bu,Aa y Hero lopoHa Ha roJroBe, a roficrnri, [poxopJnrBHri rnrcsB KpoBH... 3Haxouas nrnqa! He ru nu ero, naoHapx, cr.lAsulr.uiB 3oJroqeHoft ropoue H npogBanHuil Hzxonaena rponasuu?!

A ero KTo erqe saceJr Ha 6o.nruoft Aopore r.r He Aaer Hgrpo$Ay, Hr npoxoAy Ao6puru lr,oAnu? Onr.rpaacr Ha rraJrKy,s.ro6uo cBepKaer nJToIIIKaMH rJIa3, I{ KpoBoxaAHbre ncbr-uep-6epu oxpausror ero cJreBa a cflpaBa... 9ro <<Creperyurue>> -x aHAap Mep r.rfl , cbrcKH a fl noJrr.t rlhs, Q an aru uHoe AyxoBeHcrBo,H3yBepcrByroqee MpaKo6ecue - HeAapoM Ha foJroBe rraBHo-ro crpqur.rJrr{ula Herrro BpoAe MoHaruecKoft cxyQru r{Jrn KJro-6yra. 9ro sJrbre cuJrbr, noAcrepefarcqne .nn-66ro qecrHoroqCTOBCKA HA KA)I(AOM IIIATV.

_ A rr_o grr rloJlynrnqu-no.ny.nro Au no rofi nopo4u, trro rt<Craprrfi nopou>? To oHr.r Bbrcrynaror ao6purvru Apy3bflMn,ro fipocro nrc6onlrrcrByro[InMn (<Xovy nocMorperb, KaK Bbrxaaere>>), ro no3r.rpyrcur{Mr.t repe]t $ororpa$oM, ro o6eeAo-

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3ro, no MbrcJrH cKyrbnropa, oJruqerBopeHue Ayrxu qero-BeKa, o6pasHbre BL,rpaxeHur rr pacKpblTtrr pasflr4rrHbrx crpa.crerl, xaparrepoB: 4o6po4ylrur u xonapcrna, nrc6osnr"eio-HocrLI z .nto6onurclBa, HaI,IBHocrr r4 LrcrylxeHHocrr,r, xl{Tpo-crr.r H cyeBepHocrr.r. flHr.[uaofi ceoeri MbrcdTbro xyAoxHr{xcrpeMuJrcr npour.rKHyrb o r.ny6n qeJroBeqecKofi Harypu, 4o-6partcl Ao <<Ayrrrr{>> r.r Bbrpa3rirb ee.

B rolr, KaKyr,o Sopuy sru fionbrrKn npilHflrrH, cKa3aJrocb,KoHeqHo, BesHr.Ie coBpeMeHHbrx eMy re,{eHLrri B r,rcKyccrBe nJrHTep arype, _B

qacrHo,crI4 BJIIiff Hr.re cuMBo,'r r.rgMa . Vl, o guarco,cr4MBoJrHKa Xyxona peaJrbHa, qyxAa rofi 6ec$opnneHnocra sa6crparruocrll, Koropoli ctpa4anu, cKax(eM, HeKoropbre no3-TbI-C}I M BOJI HCTb].

...I4 sce xe, HecMorps Ha ro, qro, no rBepAoMy y6ex4e-Hr.tro MacrepoB cKyJrbnTypbr r.r HcKyccTBOBeAOB, LrrI4Ha _ He-roAsufi Marepr.raJr AJrfl cepbe3Horo BaflTeJrr, fiyxoo upno6-peJr H3BecrHocrb r.t 3aBoeBaJr nn6onr. He o xpyrax xyAox(HH-KoB H Kpr{Tr.rxoo (eruirl Bo MHofoM o6tscHsetcfl orcyrcrBl.reero IiMeHI{ B KHr{rax no l,tcropalr ncxyccrna), a cpeAr4 Macco_BO|O 3pHTeJrfl.

Ero lrvtHr.larropbr oKagaJrl{cb oqeHb 6naroAapnuM lrare-pr{aJrorvr 4.nn QoropenpoAyr.lnpoBaHnq. PenteQHue qepHo-6e.rue rrs6paxeuufl x(yKoBcKHx cKyJrbnryp pacxontr,'rricb B

Tbrcflrrax oTKpbIToK H oXOTHO paCKynaJrr.rcb.Xyxos saxoreJr ysHarb MHeHfie o cBoux pa6orax Aeyx

uaa6olee nrc6snaux HM pyccxnx nucarenerl ra noc.nan lrnnr{oMrrJreKrbl orKpbrroK. B uysee HMeHr4 A, Xl. foplKoro xpa-HLITCS Hel,I3BeCTHOe, HHKOTAa paHee He ner{aTaBlueecf IILICb-lvIo BeJrr.rKOrO pyccKoro rrHcaTeJrrr - orBeT cKyJrb[Topy HarrpHc.rraHHbre rzM penpoAyKUHH:

<<,4,oporofi I,Isnoreurufi HHxo,r aeslzq !

Ilo,ryunn fl orKpbrrKtr - cHr{MKn c Baurux pa6or, cepAeq-uoe cnacr6o Bann ga nrc6esuocrr. Cuorprc Ha Baruu eetlfi -paAyrocb; TaJraHTJrr.rBo, >Kr.r3HeHHO, HpaBr.ITCfl H rporaeT 3acepArle. Bo sceM ecrb qro-ro

- rny6oro BepHoe, pyccKoe:cMyqeHHafl HeyKJrroxecrb, gBepr.rnoe ao6po4yuae u r{ero-Beqbn p],ccxafl rocKa. 3a rpy6r,run $opruailrn eABa oxr.rBJren-sorl rnnusr -

qyBcrByerct ruxlrfi, po6xufi ofoHeK, npocBe-qHBaeT Ta MrIJrafl CH,rra, KOIO 3OByT AyrXoft. tr4sorAa KapnKa-TypHo, Ho KaK BCfl pyccKafl x{H3Hb - SanyTaHHag, HeflcHafl,

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HeyBepeHnafl B cBor.ix chJrax. Cnaca6o Barr,r! Xe,raro 3Aopo-Bbq, cqacrba, 6oApocru Ayxa, TaK Heo6xoAuruorl gcell HaM.

Kpenxo x{My pyKy Baruy.

A. flerrrKoe.Kanpu 9/II-910>.

flpuuno n rrcbMo ws flcHoflt flo,rsnn. !,oun Jltea Hn-KoJraeBr.rqa Toncroro, Tarrqna,l-lsnoeua Cyxoruua, nucar'raXyxony:

<2 anp. (1910)Mu.{ocrneHft rocy4apr.Mofi oreq, tI. H.'Toncrofi, 3a Her.rMeHrdeM BpeMeHtr r{ no

cna6ocrz 3AopoBbs flopyql.rd'I MHe orBerurr Ban,t ua BauenHcbMo.

Ou Bennr oqeHb 6.naro4aput Bac sa npncJraHHbre cHr.rM-rn c Baurnx cKyd'rbnrypubrx [por43neAeunfi, Koropbre Aocra-Br.rJrIt eMy yAoBoJrbcrBne. Os HaxoAlrr, uro Bo ecex BaufixrrpousBeAeHr4rx ecrb oqeHb 6onsruas cr.IJra Bbrpa3uTe,'rbHo-crr.r, B oco6eHHocrra B coJlAare cll(eHilIrznoft u B AByx yqe-Hr,rKax. Srpr Ase Berur{ eMy oco6euso HpaBqrcfl>).

Ha xoueepre, B KoropoM coAepx(aJlr.rcb rrpr{cJraHuue Xy-KoBbrM orKpbITKIr,,IIes Ht,txoflaeBLrtI HarlncaJI:

<<Cnnrurolt. 6o.aluofi KoHTp acr. Eo,rrn:as cu,'r a Bbrp a3r4-Te,'r bHocrr.r. Xopout o>.

...Teueps rpyAHo ycraHoBr.{rb. Kro nepBbrrt npe4.roxnn nHaureli crpaue yqpeAurb opraHH3arIHIo ronbrx nnoHepoa. JIe-HHHfpaAcKHft nucarenl B.n. !,naurpneecrnil yrBep)KAaer, qroOAHI{M H3 IIepBL'IX OpraI{Iz3aTOpOB nI{OHepHH, AyilIofi 3TOfoEeila u rzHuultaropoM caMoro Ha3BaHUrr 6un l4HHoreuruliXyroa.

B uaqane 20-x roAoe, npoAonxaq npenoAaBarb B rrrKoJre,Xyxou x(r,rJr B Mocxse e o4Hofi us KoMHar tr4Hcruryra Sre-KyJrbrypbr na fopoxoncrofi y.nuue (renepo yn. Kasar<ona).CrcAa-ro H nepeMecrh,nkrcb HeKoropbre H3 ero [pexHrax pa-6or (snavureJrbHyro qacrb ou po3Aan Apy3bflM n BceM TeM,KoMy oHr.r npaeu.nucl). B xeaprlrpe na fopoxoecxorl Bo3Hr.rKceoeo6pasHurt tura6 fiepBbrx coBercrr.rx nfioHepoB. Onn npn-xoAlrr'ru K <<AffAe Kerue>> r4 cpa3y floilar,aJllr o ouaponaHnrrfiMAp HCKyCCTBa.

- Os noABeJr MeHfl K cKyd'lbnrype, croaBruefi B caMoM

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yf ir y Ko M H a Tbr, - Bc rro M r.r H a eT B "rr. !, rrl u r p I es c xu ft . - C o.n H e q -uur? cger [aAaJr Ha Hee cJreBa 14 cBepxy. Manluur, npocroft,nnxpacrolfi, KpyrJroJtHubrfi, noAnsg pyKu K ue6y, roroe 6u.n,KaSaJIOCb, JIerKr.tM ABI{XeHHeM OTTOJTKHyTbCfl OT 3eMJrH r4

B3Mbrrb BBepx. B ero ur.rpoKo pacr(pbrrbrx rJragax pacnycrn-Jracb paAocrHat, II3yMJIeHHaff ynu6ra - KaK xopouo, KaK3auer{arerbso xurr! fl roxe y.nu6ny.ncR, [oroMy qro xHTb6uno AericrBHTeJrbrro xopouo H r.rHTepecHo.

- Bor raxorl xpacueofi, acHoil AoJrlKHa ocraBarbcfl,u,yrxa Kax,[oro qeJroBeKa,-cKa3ail Afl'.n Keua.-Vl saho,qro6ur )KHsHb He MotJra n3ypoAoBart n llccyruntu ee. Bor3aAaqa, Bo.[oAq, BeJrHKaff u Berr.rqecrBeHHaff, Koropyn no-craBLrJrH nepeA co6ofi 6onluesuxu. 3a ayuy HaAo lparbcflBCeqacHo...

Euna paspyxa. K AqAe l(eure npuxoAa,ln He roJrbKo nno-Hepbr rr rrrKoJrbHHKn. Vsor1a oHH ltpnBoAtJu4 c co6ofi 6ec-npI.I3opIrHKos. floaSnpaJr Hx c yraqbr r.t caM AsAf, Keua.flo6nsas y Xyxooa, o6.nacrannue r{M, efo paccxasaun o6r.rcKyccrBe, pedara yxe cMorpeJrr{ no-ApyroMy Ha nrnp. 14 cauoH, npgcra,'rbHo BcMarpuBafcb g Aerefi, yqa nx JIenHTb, cog-AaBaJr qyAecHbre cKyJrbnrypbl: <<Paccxas o llepexone> (c ra-KHM BHHMaHr.reM cJrynaror nuoHepn repon!), <<Becb MHp flcJryrrJaro H Karrry Kyrrrarc>>, <<flycm roJrbKo rponyr Hac npo-K,rrflTbre Qanrucru!>>, <<Te, xoropble He BHAeaL x{HBoro ropo-.iIoBoto>>.

B I-[eurpanbHoM rocyAapcrBeHHoM apxnne Jrr{reparypbrh HcKyccrBa xpanr,rrcq orKpbrrKa. BHqeeruae xnMr.rqecKileqepHr.rra n aKxyparHuft xescruft nouepr. HesortHo o6pa-uaeflrb BHr{MaHHe Ha floAnr.rcb: <H. Kpyncras>. Bor trro nH-calt,a Yl. Xyxony rorAaruHnfi HapKoM [pocBerrleHr{s HaAex-,u,a Koucranrr.rHoBHa Kpyncxan:

<Toe. Xyr<oa, 6o.nrnryu{ee cnacn6o sa orKpbrrru. OsnBaMeqareJrbHo xopoufi, oco6o xoporrJr,r flepexon a aepeBeu-cKlte AeByIUKI.I.

f 6u oqenr xoreJra noroBoprETb c Bamn o pflAe Bonpo-cos. BHna Ha orAblxe a reneph Bxox{y B KoJrero, 3aHfira cyrPa Ao Berlepa, Ho qepes HeAeJIbKy raK HaAo 6H noroeo-pHrb.

Xruy pyxy. H. Kpyncxaa.23. 6. 3l>r

t20

I fly6nuxyerca BnepBbte.

Bcrpeua cocrosJracb. 3a4yueeHo 6eceAosanH, 6oluueBcero o xyAoxecrBeHHoM BocluraHru Aerefi. Xyroe or,{a-Bar eMy Muoro clrJl, He roJIbKo o6yuan pe6nr JrenKe, Ho rlHanr.rcaB HecKoJIbKo yBJleKareJrbHbrx KHIIxeK AJIfl pe6nr.

B xouqe 1936 roaa cKyJrbrrrop rrocJraJt orKpbrrKrr-penpo-AyKULIH Ponreuy Pot;lany. 7 ansapn 1937 roaa $paHuys-cxufi uNcateJlb HarrncaJr orBeTnoe IIr.IcbMo. B Heu 6u,ru ta-KHe CTpOKn.

<<O HNx (r. e. o cKyr'rbnrypax Xyrosa.- B. O.) MHe ro-Boprur c r.rHrepecoM r.t cayrrarnerl A. M. I'oplxnft, Kor.rr,a fl6nn ero rocreM. Bu yxe HgBecrnbr 6lrrr.r, fl troJlaralo, JLopeBoJrlorlnn. Mos x{eua MHe roBopuJra, qro oHa nepe4 noil-nofi sr.rAera orKpbrrKn c BaIxlrMH cKyJrbttrypaMk. Ho 6escoMHeHI,Ifl ToJrbKo renepb Bbr HaIIIJIH 6onee nnpoKoe [oJreAJIa Baruero rBopqecrBa. Hexoropue pa6oru sauH Heo6br-qafiHo aKcnpeccnBulr - <<flaprr.rsaHbr I(auxasa> lrJrH Jrr{uaAere*, cJryuanqnx paccKas o flepexone, a raKxe ABaMaJreubKlrx nnonepa na ctpaxe>>1.

...<> noMecrr.t-Jra nucbMo B peAaKrlr.rrc C. T[rosa (orqa KocMoHaBraf. C. Turosa) u A. Tonopoea -ero yqnreJrff. Anropsr nnca-.na o ueo6xoAr.rMocrrr norryJrflpr.rsauan rBopqecrBa He3acJry-)KeHHo ea6Hroro V. H. Xyxooa. OHa paccxa3blBaJrr{, rrroAalKe Ao rJryxoro cu6npcxoro ceJra AorxJrrr eqe Ao peBoJrro-rlr.ru ABe saMerrarerbHbre orKpbrrrn Xyxona: <<TaftHa xopo-.neft> u <<Kax xoporun, KaK cBexlt 6nnr posu>>.

3rE eerqn nopasnreJrbuu. Flepnan lrs M]tHr.rarrop pa3o-6naqaer MoHapxoB, 6pocarcuqnx cBoH HapoAbr B KpoBaBylo6orlsro H AoroBapnBaroqlxcfl o6 arou c oMepgnreJrbHbrM xH-xrrKaubeM. Bropan cKyJrblrypa -ocrpo no.nertruqua. <<Kaxxopolrru, KaK cBex(H 6unlt postt> - noA grrlM TypreHeBcKul\lHa3BaHr.reM cKyJlbnrop Berureunureo nso6pasnJr He3eMHyroAeBy. XyKoB, cBq3auHblfi c penonrcquoHepaMr{-noAnoJrburr{-KaMu a xopolllo sHarouufi x{HgHb HHgoB, llgAeBaercn HaAAeKaAeHrcKl.lru 6er.nenrurueBcKHM o6paeou. On cos4al nopr-per crapoft Hecqacruofi xeHrquHbr, Buo xlrgHb 6arpauue-urefl sa rocnoA fi sa6Hsaroueir rope roJrbKo B B[He. <<Kar xo-porrrn, KaI( cBelrlr 6urn poeu)> - noBTopfler oHa cKBogbropbKne, nbrHbre cJre3bl npn Br.rAe HeseMHofi .[eBbI, norpyxeH-Hofi s lueaaHxoJruro...

HunoxeHrnfi Hrxonaennu Xyroe yMep B 1948 roay,

I lly6lnxyerct BnepBHe.

l2l

75 ner. MHorne H3 HbrHe BApaBcrByrou{ux xyAo}Kr{r4KoB, rrflczI.Teneiii, KoMcoMoJrblles 20-x roAoB rloMHflT gToro gHepruqHofo,

lr(HsHepaAocrnoro qeJIoBeKa u ero Heo6uqailuue cKyJIbrITy-pu. <l4e xe, rAe xe efo ttpousBeAeHus?>> - cnpalxnBatctrOHI4.

Vnu, ocrafir.rcb orrer{b HeMIIof[e. 3ro lr IIoHrrHo. frusaHe BbrAeplKr.{Baer llcnbrraHAfl BpeMeHeM. p,a u pasgaBa,'t nxxyAoxHr.{K cBoHM Apy3bfM Ha,'IeBO }i HanpaBo.

Onru6ancs .rrn cKyJlbnrop, nu6pan Marept4aJloM AJIfl cBo-r4x npolr3BeAeuur.i r,ruuy li He sa6orscn o6 ux AorroBeqHoc-rlr? Ho rorAa omu6a.rrucb u .IlenutaH, H I(yau4xn, H r{npne.Hirc, Aa H MHofue apyrfie xyAoxHHKLl, rIt{caB[II]e no 6eAuoc'Tfl CBOH KapTHHbr IIecTofiKHMH KpacKaML{, Ha He[poqHbIxxo.Tcrax. Hexoropsre [pon3BeAeHng no6,rex.nl't, BbIITBeJIH, lIHr{KaKafl pecTaBpaI-IHs Ao cl{x IIop He MoxeT BepHyTb I'IX Knpexnefi qseryuerl >NHsHrl, KaK Hnqro IIe Moxer Bepnyrbc'rapuKa B N{o,roAocrl. Ho e cBoe BpeMtt 3rH TBopeHI'Ifl l<r4c'

TH paAoBad'IH H Bocxnxrang ,rrcAefi H HaBcerAa ocra,'ll4cb B

so"qorofi coKpoBHutrHHIIe Hcl(yccrBa.Tar u c l4ssoxeHrreu X(yxonuiu. flycrt Aylxa r,'ILrHbI

ero yAr4Br.rre,'rbHbIx cosAaHLtil cBerHTCtt JII{IIIb c orKpbiroK.XyAoxullx 6u.r cnnrirxo'ra 6eAeH, qro6tt npuo6perarb Mpa-Mop, Aa r.r )Kr{gHb rpe6oea;la or Hefo 6ltctporo, HenpepblBHo-ro orKJrHKa. L4 ry"t cocd'ty)Kl4Jl c.rtyx6y Heo6uxnoseHHo or-3rre'{lrenil u Heo6H,IafiHo IIJIacrl{qecxuli tttarepfiail - rJIHHa...fnuliRur,rx cKyd'Ibnryp l4HIroxeHtlls Xyroea Her, a Aylua Hx

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coA XA

Onucuuu.t,rtr....bBparna 9epueqonu , B0

fiepcrenlBeuenuruuoea , . 52

V.rrirens flyurxnHa , 67

floc,reAuqrr Kapruga T6

Pyccxrfi.Nlure;rarrANelo . . , 8lfueaAa Kpbrrarux cJroB 8Z

i\lacxn 104

Ayura rnuHur lll

Bacuarfi Hurouaesrq Ocorrn

NEPCTEHb BEHEBI{TUHOBA

PeAaKrop E. H. txrogc(arXyAoxecrBeHsHfi pe.u,arrop e. A, Po3eH

Texnnqecxnft peaaKrop ll.. ll. KanHToHoBaKopperrop B. Jl. AaHtrno8a

Caaxo s sa6op 13/lII-1969 r. floanu-caHo K treqarg 22lIX-19@ 1. Eqpuar 6y-rrarH 84Xl08r/i2.. OH3. trec. n. 4,0. ycn.neq. ,n. 6,72. Vu.-us4. r. 6,M. Hs4. un4.trlx-471. AlW27. Txpax 50000 sxg. UeHa42 Kotr. EyMara Ne l.[43AarenbcrBo <Cosercl(afl Poccfitr,MocKBa, upoesa Cariynoaa, 13/15.

KunxHag Oa6pHKa Ne I PocrnaBnGnlI-rqra$npoua Kounrera lro ncqaru npH Co-ucre MHnncrpos PC(DCP, r. S.lexrpo-crant Mocxoscxofi o6racrtr, Illxoltuaa,25. 3aKa3 M 246.

qI4TATEJIflM

I,lgrarenr'crso npocuT or3blBil o6 grofiKHHfe n noxeJraHHt npltcblJlaTb no aa-pecy: Mocxna, Ilenrp, npoeeg Canyuo-Ba, l3/15, HsAarelbcrBo <Coaetcxan

Poccuq>.

I43IATEJIbCTBO <COBETCKAfl POCCr4fl>

BbIIIIJIA U3 NEqATN KHLIIA:

K a r a e e tr4. IIoa qficrbrMn 3Be3AaMil. flosecrn. PaccKaebr.Ouepxu.5l2 ctp., qena I P. 05 x.

B ery xnury nom,rz tls6paunble npon3BeAeHuq l4eaua l'IgaH9-

nnqa Kataesa, r'Iyquee u3 Toro, qro co3rauo uM 3a .[ectlrl'I'lerl{elureparypriofr Pa6orlt.

he."Karaei Bouerl B nureparypy n 1927 ro4y. B caoux nep'Bbrx noBecrgx <<Cep,4ue>, <floer>> H Ap. MonoAofi nucaTe.llb [Hilrero HeAaBrro nepexnroM: o_ rpaxAallcKofi norlne, o 6opr6e 3a I\lI{p'

usrii pacunet crpaHbI. B ero xuurax npl'IBd'leKaer npaBtrI'IBocr^b'

rounur?, o6pasuriii fl3blr, yMeH[e no-rloBoMy yBuAerb I'r H3oopa'

3rrrb aroaefi u co6slrux.

Iloxynafire KHI{ry B Mata3[Hax Knuroropra u norpe6ure'nr-

crofl xoonePaquu.

I43NATE/IbCTBO <COBETCKAfl POCCI{fl>

BbIIIIJIA H3 NEqATH KHI{[A:

E a 6 u x o e iU. Ha socroqnom 6epery. 240 crp., ueua 67 xon.

B cso[x BocnoMfiHaHr.rsx aBrop paccxa3blBaer o go6necrn rrtlyxecrBe coBeTcKHx 6ofiqoa n KoMaHAgpon, ocno6ox4asruuxxopericryro 3eM,rro or r.rr{o3eMHbrx 3axBarq[KoB. M. Ba6nxoa pn-cler rpKne uoprperbl cBonx ToBapliuer?.- B. ,Ileonosa, H. JIys-HeHKoBa, C. AraQonona, A. Huxau.upona, f. tleruapera r-r MHofr4xApyfux, repolrqecKr.i cpaxaBuir4xcq B qnoHcKoM Tbriry, 3IraKoMr.rrco <<Crpauofi yrpeHHefi cBexecrlr>, rroAqepKr.rBaer r{HTepHauflo-Ha,.rbHyro Apy)K6y coBercKux MopflKoB t't rpy,[oBofo napo,ua Kopen.

Iloxynafire KHxry B Mara3[Hax Knuroropna u norpe6nrell-cxofi xoonepaqur.

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I43AATE"TIbCTBO <<COBETCKAfl pOCCHfr>

Ceptn ranr sKoporKne noaecrfi tt paccra3br)

BbIIIIJIH B CBET:

f. H. Marur<aH. {PacnaAor}. 92 crp., qeHa 17 Kon.A. H. Coxonoa. <Cnerupescrue tcropnn>. 47 crp., qeua Z xon.C. A, Bapyagun. cHAer cHer). 94 cip., qeHa l7 xou.A. 14. Cauoureuxo. <HosHfi AoMD. 94 crp,. [ena 17 xon.H. H. Prr,renroe. c,[opora yxogn'r 3a bKonfiuy]. 143 crp.,

[eua 25 Kon.B. A. flporoabnxoHoB. <6aftauafi - xo3flHn rafirrr.

{eua ll Kon.56 crp,,

C. A. Bapueuro. cTpacca ua Jtyny>. I07 crp., qeHa 2l Kon.

Knrrn npo4arorcfl I Mara3flnax Ksnroropra r norpe6nTerb-cKof, |(oonepaqHH.

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Осокин ВН - Перстень Веневетинова - М.,1969

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